j e f p best of 2009cms.iopscience.iop.org/alfresco/d/d/workspace/spacesstore... · 2010-07-20 ·...

A Letters JournAL expLoring the Frontiers oF physics

BEST OF 2009

ISSN 0295-5075 www.epl journal.org

Website: epljournal.org Email: [email protected] image: Possible polygonal rosettes around a droplet bouncing on a vibrating fluid interface (adapted from A. Eddi et al EPL 87 (2009) 56002. Artistic impression by Frédérique Swist).

Phase-space portrait of possible ionic waves propagating along microtubules (adapted from A. Priel and J.A. Tuszynski EPL 83 (2008) 68004; artistic impression by Frédérique Swist).

Cover images

Combining the small-world properties of a lattice backbone and long-range links, these regular networks obtain predictable properties from a recursive design that is easy to manufacture (adapted from S. Boettcher and B. Gonçalves EPL 84 (2008) 30002; artistic impression by Frédérique Swist).

Colour-coded entropy as a function of the temperature and the external field in the presence of a ground state transition (adapted from E. Van der Straeten and J. Naudts EPL 81 (2008) 28007; artistic impression by Frédérique Swist).

Dynamical heterogeneities in granular media at the jamming transition (adapted from F. Lechenault et al EPL 83 (2008) 46003; artistic impression by Frédérique Swist).

EPL: BEST OF 2009

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Welcome to EPL’s “Best of 2009” Articles Collection

As Editor-in-Chief of EPL, I am pleased to present this compilation of journal highlights chosen by our readers via the number of paper downloads to represent the most popular, innovative and progressive work published in the journal last year. This collection is intended to present a sampling of the journal’s recent content. Abstracts are ordered by PACS code, and have been chosen from each subject area to give a full overview of the scope covered by the journal.

Established for over 20 years, EPL has become an important physics publication. The Co-Editors are active researchers from top institutions across the world, and although papers are subject to rigorous peer review, the final acceptance/rejection decision is the responsibility of the Co-Editor in that field, who understands the needs of both the authors and readers that EPL serves. The emphasis on Board leadership has produced one of the journal’s strongest attributes: a publication run by scientists for the scientific community.

Managed under the guidance of the European Physical Society by Società Italiana di Fisica, EDP Sciences and IOP Publishing, the journal is a truly international publication which puts it at the forefront of well respected science publications across the world. It is also supported by a partnership of 17 European physical societies, making it visible to a wide audience in over 90 countries. The combination of expertise in production and international status makes the journal a great publication for authors, as well as essential reading for the scientific community working in all physics disciplines worldwide.

I would like to extend my thanks to all of EPL’s authors and referees, as well as the Editorial team whose hard work has been much appreciated throughout 2009. I would also like to thank our readers – your continuous readership and loyalty to EPL makes our publishing worthwhile and possible.

I hope you enjoy the collection, and find the articles of interest as well as beneficial for your own work.

Professor Volker DoseEditor-in-ChiefEPL

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Physics of gases, plasmas and electric discharges

Condensed matter: structural, mechanical and thermal properties

Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic and optical properties

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00. GENERAL

20. NUCLEAR PHYSICS

30. ATOMIC & MOLECULAR PHYSICS

10. ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

P A G E

Chaotic destruction of Anderson localization in a nonlinear lattice 7S. Tietsche and A. Pikovsky

The behavior of bouncing disks and pizza tossing 7K.-C. Liu, J. Friend and L. Yeo

Compressing nearly hard sphere fluids increases glass fragility 7L. Berthier and T. A. Witten

Localized states and interaction-induced delocalization in Bose gases with quenched disorder 7G. M. Falco, T. Nattermann and V. L. Pokrovsky

The visibility graph: A new method for estimating the Hurst exponent of fractional Brownian motion 7L. Lacasa, B. Luque, J. Luque and J. C. Nuño

The harmonic measure of diffusion-limited aggregates including rare events 8D. A. Adams, L. M. Sander, E. Somfai and R. M. Ziff

Analyzing power distribution in the 12C(p, pα)8Be(g.s.) reaction at an incident energy of 100 MeV 8A. A. Cowley, J. Mabiala, E. Z. Buthelezi, S. V. Förtsch, R. Neveling, F. D. Smit, G. F. Steyn and J. J. van Zyl

Search for correlated fluctuations in the ß+ decay of Na-22 9M. P. Silverman and W. Strange

Fluctuation force exerted by a planar self-avoiding polymer 9P. Le Doussal and K. J. Wiese

Phonon-induced artificial magnetic fields in optical lattices 9A. Klein and D. Jaksch

A critique on the misuse of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation 9Sydney Geltman

Resonant atom-dimer relaxation in ultracold atoms 9K. Helfrich and H.-W. Hammer

Quantitative non-contact dynamic Casimir force measurements 8G. Jourdan, A. Lambrecht, F. Comin and J. Chevrier

Harmonic oscillator in a background magnetic field in noncommutative quantum phase-space 8J. Ben Geloun, Sunandan Gangopadhyay and F. G. Scholtz

EPL: BEST OF 2009

4 w w w . e p l j o u r n a l . o r g

Contents

70. CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC & OPTICAL PROPERTIES

50. PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS & ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES

40. ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS & FLUID DYNAMICS

60. CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & THERMAL PROPERTIES

Graphene as an electronic membrane 11Eun-Ah Kim and A. H. Castro Neto

Coexistence of the spin-density wave and superconductivity in Ba1−xKxFe2As2 12H. Chen, Y. Ren, Y. Qiu, Wei Bao, R. H. Liu, G. Wu, T. Wu, Y. L. Xie, X. F. Wang, Q. Huang and X. H. Chen

Optical properties of graphene: The Fermi-liquid approach 12M. I. Katsnelson

Tellurium substitution effect on superconductivity of the α-phase iron selenide 12Kuo-Wei Yeh, Tzu-Wen Huang, Yi-lin Huang, Ta-Kun Chen, Fong-Chi Hsu, Phillip M. Wu, Yong-Chi Lee, Yan-Yi Chu, Chi-Lian Chen, Jiu-Yong Luo, Der-Chung Yan and Maw-Kuen Wu

First experimental observation of a two-step process in the development of the edge velocity shear layer in a fusion plasma 10T. Happel, T. Estrada and C. Hidalgo

Wavelet analysis of two-dimensional turbulence in a pure electron plasma 10G. Bettega and H. E. Roman

The difference of energies of Si atoms with single-crystalline, amorphous, free and nanoparticle configurations 11Y. L. Wang, Z. C. Deng, L. Z. Chu, G. S. Fu and Y. C. Peng

Classical and statistical mechanics of celestial-scale spinning strings: Rotating space elevators 10L. Golubovic and S. Knudsen

Fractal space frames and metamaterials for high mechanical efficiency 10R. S. Farr and Y. Mao

Far-field fluorescence nanoscopy of diamond color centers by ground state depletion 10E. Rittweger, D. Wildanger and S. W. Hell

Confinement-induced orientational alignment of quasi-2D fluids 11K. Nygård, D. K. Satapathy, J. Buitenhuis, E. Perret, O. Bunk, C. David and J. F. van der Veen

Random-field Ising model in and out of equilibrium 11Y. Liu and K. A. Dahmen

EPL: BEST OF 2009

Continues...


Contents

EPL: BEST OF 2009


Contents

Electronic-structure–induced reconstruction and magnetic ordering at the LaAlO3|SrTiO3 interface 12Zhicheng Zhong and Paul J. Kelly

Classical Langevin dynamics of a charged particle moving on a sphere and diamagnetism: A surprise 13N. Kumar and K. Vijay Kumar

Multiband magnetism and superconductivity in Fe-based compounds 13V. Cvetkovic and Z. Tesanovic

A novel non–Fermi-liquid state in the iron-pnictide FeCrAs 13W. Wu, A. McCollam, I. Swainson, P. M. C. Rourke, D. G. Rancourt and S. R. Julian

80. INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS & RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

90. GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

The infrared conductivity of graphene on top of silicon oxide 13N. M. R. Peres, T. Stauber and A. H. Castro Neto

The first-mover advantage in scientific publication 14M. E. J. Newman

Modularity optimization in community detection of complex networks 14X. S. Zhang, R. S. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Qiu, L. Wang and L. Chen

Do non-relativistic neutrinos constitute the dark matter? 14Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

A new paradigm for solar coronal heating 14J. Vranjes and S. Poedts

Time variations in the deep underground muon flux 14S. Cecchini, M. Cozzi, H. Dekhissi, J. Derkaoui, G. Giacomelli, M. Giorgini, F. Maaroufi, G. Mandrioli, A. Margiotta, A. Moussa, L. Patrizii, M. Sioli, G. Sirri, M. Spurio and V. Togo

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EPL: BEST OF 2009


00. GENERAL

Abstract We consider a scattering problem for a nonlinear disordered lattice layer governed by the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The linear state with exponentially small transparency, due to the Anderson localization, is followed for an increasing nonlinearity, until it is destroyed via a bifurcation. The critical nonlinearity is shown to decay with the lattice length as a power law. We demonstrate that in the chaotic regimes beyond the bifurcation the field is delocalized and this leads to a drastic increase of transparency.

PACS numbers: 05.45.-a, 73.20.Fz, 63.50.-x S. Tietsche et al 2008 EPL 84 10006

Abstract Very diluted Bose gas placed into a disordered environment falls into a fragmented localized state. At some critical density the repulsion between particles overcomes the disorder. The gas transits into a coherent superfluid state. In this article the geometrical and energetic characteristics of the localized state at zero temperature and the critical density at which the quantum phase transition from the localized to the superfluid state proceeds are found.

PACS numbers: 03.75.Hh, 03.75.Kk G. M. Falco et al 2009 EPL 85 30002

Abstract We investigate the dynamics of a disk bouncing on a vibrating platform – a variation of the classic bouncing ball problem – that captures the physics of pizza tossing and the operation of certain standing-wave ultrasonic motors (SWUMs). The system’s dynamics explains why certain tossing motions are used by dough-toss performers for different tricks: a helical trajectory is used in single tosses because it maximizes energy efficiency and the dough’s airborne rotational speed, a semi-elliptical motion is used in multiple tosses because it is easier for maintaining dough rotation at the maximum rotational speed. The system’s bifurcation diagram and basins of attraction also informs SWUM designers about the optimal design for high speed and minimal sensitivity to perturbation.

PACS numbers: 05.45.-a, 84.60.-h, 43.38.Fx K.-C. Liu et al 2009 EPL 85 60002

Abstract We use molecular dynamics to investigate the glass transition occurring at large volume fraction, , and low temperature, T, in assemblies of soft repulsive particles. We find that equilibrium dynamics in the (, T )-plane obey a form of dynamic scaling in the proximity of a critical point at T=0 and = 0, which should correspond to the ideal glass transition of hard

Chaotic destruction of Anderson localization in a nonlinear lattice

Localized states and interaction-induced delocalization in Bose gases with quenched disorder

The behavior of bouncing disks and pizza tossing

Compressing nearly hard sphere fluids increases glass fragility

S. Tietsche and A. Pikovsky

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Potsdam University - 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany

E-mail: [email protected]

G. M. Falco1, T. Nattermann1 and V. L. Pokrovsky2,3

1 Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln - Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany

2 Department of Physics, Texas A&M University - College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA

3 Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics - Chernogolovka, Moscow District 142432, Russia


K.-C. Liu, J. Friend and L. Yeo

MicroNanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia


L. Berthier1 and T. A. Witten2

1 Laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verres et Nanomatériaux, UMR 5587, Université Montpellier II and CNRS 34095 Montpellier, France

2 James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago - 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA


spheres. This glass point, “point G”, is distinct from athermal jamming thresholds. A remarkable consequence of scaling behaviour is that the dynamics at fixed passes smoothly from that of a strong glass to that of a very fragile glass as increases beyond 0. Correlations between fragility and various physical properties are explored.

PACS numbers: 05.10.-a, 05.20.Jj, 64.70.P- L. Berthier et al 2009 EPL 86 10001

Abstract Fractional Brownian motion (fBm) has been used as a theoretical framework to study real-time series appearing in diverse scientific fields. Because of its intrinsic nonstationarity and long-range dependence, its characterization via the Hurst parameter, H, requires sophisticated techniques that often yield ambiguous results. In this work we show that fBm series map into a scale-free visibility graph whose degree distribution is a function of H. Concretely, it is shown that the exponent of the power law degree distribution depends linearly on H. This also applies to fractional Gaussian noises (fGn) and generic f −ß noises. Taking advantage of these facts, we propose a brand new methodology to quantify long-range dependence in these series. Its reliability is confirmed with extensive numerical simulations and analytical developments. Finally, we illustrate this method quantifying the persistent behavior of human gait dynamics.

PACS numbers: 05.45.Tp, 05.40.Jc, 89.75.Hc L. Lacasa et al 2009 EPL 86 30001

The visibility graph: A new method for estimating the Hurst exponent of fractional Brownian motionL. Lacasa1, B. Luque1, J. Luque2 and J. C. Nuño3

1 Departamento de Matemática Aplicada y Estadística, ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid, Spain

2 Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - Barcelona, Spain

3 Departamento de Matemática Aplicada a los Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

EPL: BEST OF 2009


Abstract We show that the Casimir force (CF) gradient can be measured with no contact involved. Results of the CF measurement with systematic uncertainty of 3% are presented for the distance range of 100–600 nm. The statistical uncertainty is shown to be due to the thermal fluctuations of the force probe. The corresponding signal-to-noise ratio equals unity at the distance of 600 nm. Direct contact between surfaces used in most previous studies to determine absolute distance separation is here precluded. Use of direct contact to identify the origin of distances is a severe limitation for studies of the CF on structured surfaces as it deteriorates irreversibly the studied surface and the probe. This force machine uses a dynamical method with an inserted gold sphere probe glued to a lever. The lever is mechanically excited at resonant frequency in front of a chosen sample. The absolute distance determination is achieved to be possible, without any direct probe/sample contact, using an electrostatic method associated to a real time correction of the mechanical drift. The positioning shift uncertainty

Abstract The analyzing power distribution in the 12C(p,pα)8Be(g.s.) reaction at an incident energy of 100 MeV is investigated. The experimental coincidence data measured under quasifree kinematic conditions are in remarkable agreement with the trend of free p+4He elastic scattering, and also with a distorted-wave impulse approximation prediction. Thus the projectiles interact with the clusters as if they were free entities, with the rest of the target nucleons acting merely as spectators to the reaction. This result provides compelling and direct evidence for the existence of preformed α-clusters in 12C, as has often been postulated for this nucleus.

PACS numbers: 25.40.-h, 24.70.+s, 21.60.Gx A. A. Cowley et al 2009 EPL 85 22001

Abstract We obtain the harmonic measure of diffusion-limited aggregate (DLA) clusters using a biased random-walk sampling technique which allows us to measure probabilities of random walkers hitting sections of clusters with unprecedented accuracy; our results include probabilities as small as 10-80. We find the multifractal D(q) spectrum including regions of small and negative q. Our algorithm allows us to obtain the harmonic measure for clusters more than an order of magnitude larger than those achieved using the method of iterative conformal maps, which is the previous best method. We find a phase transition in the singularity spectrum f(α) at α≈14 and also find a minimum q of D(q), qmin=0.9±0.05.

PACS numbers: 05.45.Df, 61.43.Hv, 64.60.al D. A. Adams et al 2009 EPL 87 20001

Abstract We solve explicitly the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the harmonic oscillator in a background magnetic field in noncommutative phase-space without making use of any type of representation. A key observation that we make is that for a specific choice of the noncommutative parameters, the time-reversal symmetry of the systems get restored since the energy spectrum becomes degenerate. This is in contrast to the noncommutative configuration space where the time-reversal symmetry of the harmonic oscillator is always broken.

PACS number: 11.10.Nx J. Ben Geloun et al 2009 EPL 86 51001

Quantitative non-contact dynamic Casimir force measurements

Analyzing power distribution in the 12C(p, pα)8Be(g.s.) reaction at an incident energy of 100 MeV

The harmonic measure of diffusion-limited aggregates including rare events

Harmonic oscillator in a background magnetic field in noncommutative quantum phase-space

G. Jourdan1,2,3,5, A. Lambrecht3, F. Comin4 and J. Chevrier1,2,4

1 Institut Néel, CNRS-UJF - BP 166, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France2 Université Joseph Fourier - BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France3 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS-ENS-UPMC - 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05,

France4 ESRF - 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France5 Present address: CEA LETI-Minatec 17 - rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble

Cedex 9, France


A. A. Cowley1,2, J. Mabiala1,2, E. Z. Buthelezi1, S. V. Förtsch1, R. Neveling1, F. D. Smit1, G. F. Steyn1 and J. J. van Zyl2

1 iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences - PO Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa

2 Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University - Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa


D. A. Adams1, L. M. Sander1,2, E. Somfai4 and R. M. Ziff2,3,5

1 Department of Physics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1040, USA2 Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI,

48109-1040, USA3 Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI,

48109-1040, USA4 Department of Physics and Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick -

Coventry CV4 7AL, UK5 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI,

48109-2136, USA


J. Ben Geloun1,2, Sunandan Gangopadhyay1,3 and F. G. Scholtz1

1 National Institute for Theoretical Physics - Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa

2 International Chair of Mathematical Physics and Applications, ICMPA-UNESCO Chair 072 B.P. 50 Cotonou, Republic of Benin

3 Department of Physics, West Bengal State University - Barasat, India

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]

10. ELEMENTARY PARTICLE AND FIELDS

20. NUCLEAR PHYSICS

is as low as 2 nm. Use of this instrument to probe a very thin film of gold (10 nm) reveals important spatial variations in the measurement.

PACS numbers: 12.20.Fv, 42.50.Lc, 03.70.+k G. Jourdan et al 2009 EPL 85 31001

EPL: BEST OF 2009


Abstract Claims for a “cosmogenic” force that correlates otherwise independent stochastic processes have been made for at least 10 years, based on visual inspection of histograms whose shapes were interpreted as suggestive of recurrent patterns. Building on our earlier work to test nuclear alpha, beta, and electron-capture decay processes for non-randomness, we searched for correlations in the time series of e+e− annihilations deriving from the ß+ decay of 22Na. Coincident gamma photons were counted within narrow time and energy windows over a period of 167 hours leading to a time series of more than 1 million events. Statistical tests for correlated fluctuations in the time series and its histograms were in all cases consistent with statistical control, giving no evidence of a “cosmogenic” force.

PACS numbers: 24.80.+y, 23.40.-s, 02.50.Ey M. P. Silverman et al 2009 EPL 87 32001

Abstract Using the results from Schramm Löwner evolution (SLE), we give the expression of the fluctuation-induced force exerted by a polymer on a small impenetrable disk, in various two-dimensional domain geometries. We generalize to two polymers and examine whether the fluctuation force can trap the object into a stable equilibrium. We compute the force exerted on the objects at the domain boundary, and the force mediated by the polymer between such objects. The results can straightforwardly be extended to any SLE interface, including Ising, percolation, and loop-erased random walks. Some are relevant for extremal value statistics.

PACS numbers: 24.60.-k, 05.40.-a, 66.30.hk P. Le Doussal et al 2009 EPL 86 22001

Abstract We investigate the effect of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate on a system of immersed impurity atoms trapped by an optical lattice. We analytically show that for a one-dimensional, ring-shaped setup the coupling of the impurities to the Bogoliubov phonons of the condensate leads to a non-trivial phase in the impurity hopping. The presence of this

Abstract The Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which is valid only for diffuse boson gases having purely positive interatomic potentials, continues to be used where this condition is not satisfied. An alternate formulation that is universally applicable is discussed.

PACS numbers: 31.15.-p, 34.20.Cf, 36.40.-c Sydney Geltman 2009 EPL 87 13001

Search for correlated fluctuations in the ß+ decay of Na-22

Fluctuation force exerted by a planar self-avoiding polymer

Phonon-induced artificial magnetic fields in optical lattices

A critique on the misuse of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation

M. P. Silverman and W. Strange

Department of Physics, Trinity College - Hartford, CT 06106, USA


P. Le Doussal and K. J. Wiese

CNRS-Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure - 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex, France


A. Klein and D. Jaksch

Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford - Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK

Keble College, University of Oxford - Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PG, UK


Sydney Geltman

Department of Physics, University of Colorado - Boulder, CO 80309-0390, USA


30. ATOMIC & MOLECULAR PHYSICS

phase can be tested by observing a drift in the transport properties of the impurities. These results are quantitatively confirmed by a numerically exact simulation of a two-mode Bose-Hubbard model. We also give analytical expressions for the occurring phase terms for a two-dimensional setup. The phase realises an artificial magnetic field and can, for instance, be used for the simulation of the quantum Hall effect using atoms in an optical lattice.

PACS numbers: 37.10.Jk, 03.75.-b, 67.85.-d A. Klein et al 2009 EPL 85 13001

Abstract Three-body systems with large scattering length display universal phenomena associated with a discrete scaling symmetry. These phenomena include resonant enhancement of three-body loss rates when an Efimov three-body resonance is at the scattering threshold. In particular, there can be resonant peaks in the atom-dimer relaxation rate for large positive scattering length. We improve upon earlier studies and calculate the atom-dimer relaxation rate as a function of temperature using a Bose-Einstein distribution for the thermal average. As input, we use calculations of the atom-dimer scattering phase shifts from effective field theory.

PACS numbers: 34.50.-s, 21.45.-v, 67.85.-d K. Helfrich et al 2009 EPL 86 53003

Resonant atom-dimer relaxation in ultracold atomsK. Helfrich and H.-W. Hammer

Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik (Theorie) and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bonn - 53115 Bonn, Germany


IMPACT FACTOR FOR 2009

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EPL: BEST OF 2009


Abstract Highly magnetized pure electron plasmas confined in Penning-Malmberg traps allow to perform accurate experiments on effective two-dimensional (2D) fluid dynamics under well-controlled experimental conditions. Detailed experimental investigations of free decaying turbulence in a pure electron plasma using multi-resolution analysis (MRA) are presented. Coherent structures are extracted from the flow using a wavelet-based recursive denoising algorithm with an adaptative self-consistent threshold. The scaling behaviors of measured enstrophy and energy distributions are obtained and compared with recent experiments and theoretical predictions for 2D turbulence.

PACS numbers: 52.35.Ra, 42.30.-d, 47.27.Jv G. Bettega et al 2009 EPL 85 35001

Abstract We introduce novel and unique class of dynamical systems, Rotating Space Elevators (RSE). The RSEs are multiply rotating systems of strings reaching into outer space. Objects sliding along RSE strings do not require internal engines or propulsion to be transported from the Earth’s surface into outer space. The RSEs exhibit interesting nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics phenomena.

PACS numbers: 46.70.Hg, 05.70.Ln, 05.45.-a L. Golubovic et al 2009 EPL 86 34001

Abstract The radial origin and the process of formation of the velocity shear layer (VSL) in the stellarator TJ-II have been investigated. Results show that the VSL starts its formation in the region of maximum density gradient and then expands radially outwards, until it is fully established and shows the universal properties of edge sheared flows observed in fusion plasmas. A two-step process in the edge shear formation is proposed: 1) a seeding mechanism linked to plasma gradients and 2) an amplification process in which edge shearing rates and fluctuations are self-organized near marginal stability.

PACS numbers: 52.35.Ra, 52.25.Xz, 52.70.Gw T. Happel et al 2008 EPL 84 65001

Abstract We report on two modalities of lens-based fluorescence microscopy with diffraction-unlimited resolution relying on the depletion of the

Abstract A solid slender beam of length L, made from a material of Young’s modulus Y and subject to a gentle compressive force F, requires a volume of material proportional to L3 f 1/2 (where f ≡ F/(Y L2) % 1)in order to be stable against Euler buckling. By constructing a hierarchical space frame, we are able to systematically change the scaling of the required material with f so that it is proportional to L3 f (G+1)/(G+2), through changing the number of hierarchical levels G present in the structure. Based on simple choices for the geometry of the space frames, we provide expressions specifying in detail the optimal structures (in this class) for different values of the loading parameter f. These structures may then be used to create effective materials which are elastically isotropic and have the combination of low density and high crush strength. Such a material could be used to make light-weight components of arbitrary shape.

PACS numbers: 46.32.+x, 46.25.Cc, 46.70.Hg R. S. Farr et al 2008 EPL 84 14001

Wavelet analysis of two-dimensional turbulence in a pure electron plasma

Classical and statistical mechanics of celestial-scale spinning strings: Rotating space elevators

First experimental observation of a two-step process in the development of the edge velocity shear layer in a fusion plasma

Far-field fluorescence nanoscopy of diamond color centers by ground state depletion

Fractal space frames and metamaterials for high mechanical efficiency

G. Bettega1 and H. E. Roman2

1 INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano - Via Celoria 16, Milano, I-20133, Italy

2 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca - Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy


L. Golubovic and S. Knudsen

Physics Department, West Virginia University - Morgantown, WV 26506-6315, USA


T. Happel, T. Estrada and C. Hidalgo

Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, Asociación Euratom-CIEMAT - Madrid, Spain


E. Rittweger1, D. Wildanger1 and S. W. Hell

Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry - Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany1 Equal contribution.


R. S. Farr1 and Y. Mao2

1 Unilever R&D - Olivier van Noortlaan 120, AT3133, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands2 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham - Nottingham, UK


40. ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS & FLUID DYNAMICS

50. PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS & ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES

fluorophore ground state. The first version utilizes a beam with a deep intensity minimum, such as a doughnut, for intense excitation followed by mathematical deconvolution, whereas in the second version, a regularly focused beam is added for generating the image directly. In agreement with theory, the subdiffraction resolution scales with the square root of the intensity depleting the ground state. Applied to the imaging of color centers in diamond our measurements evidence a resolving power down to ≈7.6 nm, corresponding to 1/70 of the wavelength of light employed. Our study underscores the key role of exploiting (molecular) states for overcoming the diffraction barrier in far-field optical microscopy.

PACS numbers: 42.30.-d, 07.60.Pb, 71.55.-i E. Rittweger et al 2009 EPL 86 14001

EPL: BEST OF 2009


Abstract We have developed a unique approach for studying the ensemble-averaged nearest-neighbor coordination of confined fluids by combining small-angle X-ray scattering and phase-retrieval–based X-ray diffraction from fluid-filled nanofluidic channel arrays. We apply the method to a charge-stabilized quasi–two-dimensional colloidal fluid (particle diameter 48 nm), focusing on the structural transition from a monolayer to a bilayer with increasing fluid film thickness. In contrast to theoretical work on the paradigmatic hard-sphere fluid, we find unambiguous experimental evidence for orientational alignment of fluids in extreme confinement.

PACS numbers: 68.08.-p, 61.05.cf, 82.70.-y K. Nygård et al 2009 EPL 86 66001

Abstract We present numerical studies of zero-temperature Gaussian random-field Ising model (zt-GRFIM) in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium. We compare the universal quantities in 3D (avalanche critical exponents and scaling functions, fractal dimensions, and anisotropy measures) for the equilibrium and non-equilibrium disorder-induced phase transitions. We show compelling evidence that the two transitions belong to the same universality class.

PACS numbers: 64.60.Ht, 75.60.Ej Y. Liu et al 2009 EPL 86 56003

Abstract Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) films were systematically prepared via three ways: a) laser anneal or b) thermal anneal of the amorphous silicon (α-Si) films deposited by pulsed-laser ablation (PLA) in base vacuum, c) direct PLA in high-purity Ar gas with pressure of 10 Pa. The anneal-laser fluence, thermal-anneal temperature and ablation-laser fluence thresholds corresponding to the beginning of nanoparticles formation were respectively determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Incorporated with crystallization mechanism, energies compensated for the formation of one Si nanoparticle in the three ways were calculated approximately. The result shows that for different crystallization ways, the potential barriers during the formation of one

~16 nm nanoparticle are on the order of 10-9 mJ.

PACS numbers: 52.38.Mf, 61.46.-w, 79.20.Ds Y. L. Wang et al 2008 EPL 86 15001

Confinement-induced orientational alignment of quasi-2D fluids

Random-field Ising model in and out of equilibrium

The difference of energies of Si atoms with single-crystalline, amorphous, free and nanoparticle configurations

K. Nygård1, D. K. Satapathy1, J. Buitenhuis2, E. Perret1, O. Bunk1, C. David1 and J. F. van der Veen1,3

1 Research Department of Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

2 Institute of Solid State Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich - D-52425 Jülich, Germany

3 ETH Zürich - CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland


Y. Liu and K. A. Dahmen

Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Urbana, IL 61801, USA


Y. L. Wang1, Z. C. Deng1, L. Z. Chu1, G. S. Fu1 and Y. C. Peng2

1 College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University - Baoding 071002, PRC

2 College of Electronic and Informational Engineering, Hebei University - Baoding 071002, PRC


60. CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL & THERMAL PROPERTIES

70. CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC & OPTICAL PROPERTIES

Abstract We investigate the membrane aspect of graphene and its impact on the electronic properties. We show that rippling generates spatially varying electrochemical potential that is proportional to the square of the local curvature. This is due to the rehybridization effects and the change in the next-neighbor hopping caused by curvature. We estimate the electrochemical- potential variation associated with the rippling observed in recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to be of order 30 meV. Further we show that the charge inhomogeneity in turn stabilizes ripple formation.

PACS numbers: 73.20.-r, 61.48.De, 81.05.Uw Eun-Ah Kim et al 2008 EPL 84 57007

Graphene as an electronic membraneEun-Ah Kim1 and A. H. Castro Neto2

1 Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Stanford University - Stanford, CA 94305, USA

2 Department of Physics, Boston University - 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA


EPL CELEBRATES ITS 25th ANNIVERSARY IN 2011

Read the collection of Most Cited Articles from the first 25 years at

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EPL: BEST OF 2009


Abstract The relation between the spin-density wave (SDW) and superconducting order is a central topic in the current research on the FeAs-based high-TC superconductors. Conflicting results exist in the LaFeAs(O, F)-class of materials, for which whether the SDW and superconductivity are mutually exclusive or they can coexist has not been settled. Here we show that for the (Ba, K)Fe2As2 system, the SDW and superconductivity can coexist in an extended range of compositions. The availability of single crystalline samples and high value of the energy gaps would make the materials a model system to investigate the high-TC ferropnictide superconductivity.

PACS numbers: 74.25.Dw, 75.30.Fv, 74.25.-q H. Chen et al 2009 EPL 85 17006

Abstract We have carried out a systematic study of the PbO-type compound FeSe1−xTex (x=0–1), where the Te substitution effect on superconductivity is investigated. It is found that the superconducting transition temperature reaches a maximum of Tc=15.2 K at about 50% Te substitution. The pressure-enhanced Tc of FeSe0.5Te0.5 is more than 10 times larger than that of FeSe. Interestingly, FeTe is no longer superconducting. A low-temperature structural distortion changes FeTe from triclinic symmetry to orthorhombic symmetry. We believe that this structural change breaks the magnetic symmetry and suppresses superconductivity in FeTe.

PACS numbers: 74.62.Dh, 74.70.Dd, 74.62.Fj Kuo-Wei Yeh et al 2008 EPL 84 37002

Abstract Using local density approximation (LDA) calculations we predict GdFeO3-like rotation of TiO6 octahedra at the n-type interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. This results in a narrowing of the Ti d bandwidth by 1/3 so that LDA+U calculations predict an antiferromagnetic, charge- and spin-ordered ground state for very modest values of U. Recent experimental evidence for magnetic interface ordering may be understood in terms of the close proximity of an antiferromagnetic insulating ground state to a ferromagnetic metallic excited state.

PACS numbers: 75.70.Cn, 73.20.-r, 68.35.Ct Zhicheng Zhong et al 2008 EPL 84 27001

Abstract Optical properties of two-dimensional massless Dirac fermions are considered by the formalism of pseudospin precession equations which provides an easy and natural semiphenomenological way to include correlation effects. It is shown that the latter are negligible, with the only assumption that the system under consideration is normal Fermi-liquid. This result probably explains recent experimental data on the universal optical conductivity of graphene (Nair R. R. et al., Science, 320 (2008) 1308).

PACS numbers: 78.20.Bh, 81.05.Uw, 71.10.Ay M. I. Katsnelson et al 2008 EPL 84 37001

Coexistence of the spin-density wave and superconductivity in Ba1−xKxFe2As2

Tellurium substitution effect on superconductivity of the α-phase iron selenide

Electronic-structure–induced reconstruction and magnetic ordering at the LaAlO3|SrTiO3 interfaceOptical properties of graphene: The Fermi-

liquid approach

H. Chen1, Y. Ren2, Y. Qiu3,4, Wei Bao5, R. H. Liu1, G. Wu1, T. Wu1, Y. L. Xie1, X. F. Wang1, Q. Huang3 and X. H. Chen1

1 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China - Hefei, Anhui 230026, China

2 Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory - Argonne, IL 60439, USA3 NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology

- Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA4 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland -

College Park, MD 20742, USA5 Los Alamos National Laboratory - Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA

E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]

Kuo-Wei Yeh1, Tzu-Wen Huang1, Yi-lin Huang1, Ta-Kun Chen1, Fong-Chi Hsu1,2, Phillip M. Wu3, Yong-Chi Lee1, Yan-Yi Chu1,2, Chi-Lian Chen1, Jiu-Yong Luo1, Der-Chung Yan1 and Maw-Kuen Wu1

1 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica - Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University

- Hsinchu, Taiwan3 Department of Physics, Duke University - Durham, NC, USA


Zhicheng Zhong and Paul J. Kelly

Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands


M. I. Katsnelson

Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen - 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands


EPL is published in partnership with:

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EPL: BEST OF 2009


Abstract It is generally known that the orbital diamagnetism of a classical system of charged particles in thermal equilibrium is identically zero —the Bohr-van Leeuwen theorem. Physically, this null result derives from the exact cancellation of the orbital diamagnetic moment associated with the complete cyclotron orbits of the charged particles by the paramagnetic moment subtended by the incomplete orbits skipping the boundary in the opposite sense. Motivated by this crucial but subtle role of the boundary, we have simulated here the case of a finite but unbounded system, namely that of a charged particle moving on the surface of a sphere in the presence of an externally applied uniform magnetic field. Following a real space-time approach based on the classical Langevin equation, we have computed the orbital magnetic moment that now indeed turns out to be non-zero and has the diamagnetic sign. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the possibility of finite classical diamagnetism in principle, and it is due to the avoided cancellation.

PACS numbers: 75.20.-g, 05.40.-a, 71.10.Ca N. Kumar et al 2009 EPL 86 17001

Abstract Recent discovery of superconductivity in Fe-based layered compounds may have opened a new pathway to the room temperature superconductivity. A model Hamiltonian describing FeAs layers is introduced, highlighting the role of As atoms in warding off large local-moment magnetism of Fe ions, the main enemy of superconductivity. Quantum many-particle effects in charge, spin and multiband channels are explored and a nesting-induced spin density-wave order is found in the parent compund. We argue that this largely itinerant antiferromagnetism and high Tc itself are essentially tied to the multiband nature of the Fermi surface.

PACS numbers: 74.20.-z, 75.30.Fv, 71.45.Lr V. Cvetkovic et al 2009 EPL 85 37002

Abstract We report transport and thermodynamic properties of stoichiometric single crystals of the hexagonal iron-pnictide FeCrAs. The in-plane resistivity shows an unusual “non-metallic” dependence on temperature T, rising continuously with decreasing T from ~800 K to below 100 mK. The c-axis resistivity is similar, except for a sharp drop upon entry into an antiferromagnetic state at TN~125 K. Below 10 K the resistivity follows a non–Fermi-liquid power law, ρ(T)=ρ0-ATx with x<1, while the specific heat shows Fermi-liquid behaviour with a large Sommerfeld coefficient, γ~30 mJ/mol K2. The high-temperature properties are reminiscent of those of the parent compounds of the new layered iron-pnictide superconductors, however the T→0 K properties suggest a new class of non-Fermi liquid.

PACS numbers: 71.10.Hf, 72.15.Qm, 72.80.Ga W. Wu et al 2009 EPL 85 17009

Classical Langevin dynamics of a charged particle moving on a sphere and diamagnetism: A surprise

Multiband magnetism and superconductivity in Fe-based compounds

A novel non–Fermi-liquid state in the iron-pnictide FeCrAs

N. Kumar1,3 and K. Vijay Kumar2

1 Raman Research Institute - Bangalore 560 080, India2 CCMT, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science - Bangalore 560 012,

India3 Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research - Bangalore 560 064,

India


V. Cvetkovic and Z. Tesanovic

Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University - Baltimore, MD 21218, USA


W. Wu1, A. McCollam1, I. Swainson2, P. M. C. Rourke1, D. G. Rancourt3 and S. R. Julian1

1 Department of Physics, University of Toronto - 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7

2 Canadian Neutron Beam Centre, National Research Council Canada - Building 459, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada K0J IJ0

3 Department of Physics, University of Ottawa - Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5


80. INTERDISCIPLINARY PHYSICS & RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Abstract We study the infrared conductivity of graphene at finite chemical potential and temperature taking into account the effect of phonons and disorder due to charged impurities and unitary scatterers. The screening of the long-range Coulomb potential is treated using the random phase approximation coupled to the coherent potential approximation. The effect of the electron-phonon coupling is studied in second-order perturbation theory. Our most important results are the finding of an anomalous enhancement of the conductivity in a frequency region that is blocked by Pauli exclusion. We also find that phonons induce Stokes and anti-Stokes lines that produce an excess conductivity, when compared to the far IR value of σ0=(π/2)e2/h.

PACS numbers: 81.05.Uw, 73.25.+i, 72.80.-r N. M. R. Peres et al 2008 EPL 84 38002

The infrared conductivity of graphene on top of silicon oxideN. M. R. Peres1, T. Stauber1 and A. H. Castro Neto2

1 Centro de Física e Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho - P-4710-057, Braga, Portugal

2 Department of Physics, Boston University - 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA


Abstract Mathematical models of the scientific citation process predict a strong “first-mover” effect under which the first papers in a field will, essentially

The first-mover advantage in scientific publicationM. E. J. Newman

Department of Physics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

Santa Fe Institute - 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA


EPL: BEST OF 2009


Abstract Detecting community structure in complex networks is a fundamental but challenging topic in network science. Modularity measures, such as widely used modularity function Q and recently suggested modularity density D, play critical roles as quality indices in partitioning a network into communities. In this letter, we reveal the complex behaviors of modularity optimization under different community definitions by an analytic study. Surprisingly, we find that in addition to the resolution limit of Q revealed in a recent study, both Q and D suffer from a more serious limitation, i.e. some derived communities do not satisfy the weak community definition or even the most weak community definition. Using a discrete convex optimization framework, we investigate the underlying causes for these limitations and provide insights on choices of the modularity measures in applications. Numerical experiments on artificial and real-life networks confirm the theoretical analysis.

PACS numbers: 89.75.Fb, 89.75.Hc, 02.10.Ox X. S. Zhang et al 2009 EPL 87 38002

Abstract The dark matter of the Abell 1689 Galaxy Cluster is modeled by thermal, non-relativistic gravitating fermions and its galaxies and X-ray gas by isothermal distributions. Given a temperature of 0.045 K and a de Broglie length of 0.20 mm, they establish a quantum structure of several million light years across, the largest known in the Universe. The virial α-particle temperature of 9.9±1.1 keV/kB coincides with the average one of X-rays. The results are compatible with neutrino genesis, nucleosynthesis and free streaming. The neutrinos condense on the cluster at redshift z~28, thereby

Abstract The solar coronal heating problem refers to the question why the temperature of the Sun’s corona is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of its surface. Almost 70 years after the discovery, this puzzle is still one of the major challenges in astrophysics. The current basic paradigm of coronal heating is unable to explain all the observational features of heating. Here we argue that a new paradigm is required to solve the puzzle in a self-consistent manner. The alternative approach is based on the kinetic theory of drift waves. We show that, with qualitative and quantitative arguments, the drift waves have the potential to satisfy all coronal heating requirements.

PACS numbers: 96.60.-j, 96.60.P-, 52.35.Kt J. Vranjes et al 2009 EPL 86 39001

causing reionization of the intracluster gas without assistance of heavy stars. The baryons are poor tracers of the dark-matter density.

PACS numbers: 95.35.+d, 98.65.-r, 14.60.St Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen 2009 EPL 86 59001

Abstract More than 35 million high-energy muons collected with the MACRO detector at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory have been used to search for flux variations of different nature. Two kinds of studies were carried out: a search for the occurrence of clusters of events and a search for periodic variations. Different analysis methods, including the Scan Statistics test and the Lomb-Scargle spectral analysis have been applied to the data.

PACS numbers: 95.55.Vj, 95.85.Ry, 25.75.Gz S. Cecchini et al 2009 EPL 87 39001

Modularity optimization in community detection of complex networks

Do non-relativistic neutrinos constitute the dark matter?

A new paradigm for solar coronal heating

Time variations in the deep underground muon flux

X. S. Zhang1, R. S. Wang2, Y. Wang1, J. Wang1, Y. Qiu1, L. Wang1 and L. Chen3

1 Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Beijing, 100190, China

2 Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University - University Park, PA 16802, USA

3 Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Osaka Sangyo University - Osaka 574-8530, Japan


Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam - Valckenierstraat 65, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands


J. Vranjes and S. Poedts

K. U. Leuven, Center for Plasma Astrophysics - Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001 Leuven, Belgium and Leuven Mathematical Modeling and Computational Science Center (LMCC) - Leuven, Belgium


S. Cecchini1,2, M. Cozzi2,3, H. Dekhissi4, J. Derkaoui4, G. Giacomelli2,3, M. Giorgini2,3, F. Maaroufi4, G. Mandrioli2, A. Margiotta2,3, A. Moussa4, L. Patrizii2, M. Sioli2,3, G. Sirri2, M. Spurio2,3 and V. Togo2

1 IASF/INAF, Sezione di Bologna - I-40129 Bologna, Italy2 INFN, Sezione di Bologna - I-40127 Bologna, Italy3 Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università di Bologna - I-40127 Bologna, Italy4 LPTP, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I - B.P. 424, Oujda, Morocco


90. GEOPHYSICS, ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

regardless of content, receive citations at a rate enormously higher than papers published later. Moreover papers are expected to retain this advantage in perpetuity. We test this conjecture against data from a selection of fields and in several cases find a first-mover effect of a magnitude similar to that predicted by the theory. Some later-published papers buck the trend and attract significantly more citations than theory predicts. We suggest that papers of this kind, though they often receive relatively few citations overall, are probably worthy of our attention.

PACS numbers: 89.75.Hc, 05.40.-a, 89.75.Da M. E. J. Newman 2009 EPL 86 68001

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EPL: BEST OF 2009


N Auerbach IsraelJ-P Boon BelgiumC Bruder SwitzerlandA Coniglio ItalyV T Dolgopolov RussiaH Dosch Germany

T Giamarchi SwitzerlandG Gompper GermanyM Horn von Hoegen GermanyG L Ingold GermanyD Jérome France

G A Kauffmann GermanyD Levi ItalyR Podloucky AustriaZ Rácz HungaryM Schreiber Germany

P M Sutcliffe UKR W Tucker UKJ M van Ruitenbeek The NetherlandsS Vieira SpainL Yu China

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Co-EditorsD Bazeia Universidade Federal da Paraiba, BrazilD Bensimon École Normale Supérieure, Paris, FranceE Bertel Universität Innsbruck, AustriaE Canadell Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona,SpainL F Cugliandolo École Normale Supérieure, Paris, FranceS Fauve École Normale Supérieure, Paris, FranceR Fazio Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, ItalyV E Fortov Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaG A Gehring The University of Sheffield, UKS Havlin Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, IsraelF J Himpsel University of Wisconsin-Madison, USAC-K Hu Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taiwan F Iglói Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Budapest, HungaryP Ch Ivanov Boston University, USAP M Jacobs Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USAA Kastberg Université de Nice, FranceB G Kotliar Rutgers University, USAS Kumar Kent State University, USAA Lambrecht Université Paris VI, FranceF Lazaro Freire Jr Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilL Léger Université Paris-Sud, FranceM Lewenstein ICFO – Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Barcelona, Spain

H Ma Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ChinaD Mathur Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, IndiaF Mila École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, SwitzerlandM C Payne University of Cambridge, UKF Pegoraro Università di Pisa, ItalyZ Rácz Eötvös Lorand University, Budapest, HungaryM Sasaki Kyoto University, JapanP Reimann Universität Bielefeld, GermanyG A Sawatzky University of British Columbia, CanadaC M Schneider Institut für Festkörperforschung, Jülich, GermanyU Seifert Universität Stuttgart, GermanyL Simon Université de Haute Alsace, FranceS Succi Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ItalyH Takagi University of Tokyo, JapanR A Treumann International Space Science Institute, Bern, SwitzerlandD Vanmaekelbergh Universiteit Utrecht, The NetherlandsL Viña Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, SpainR Voss CERN, Genève, SwitzerlandP B Warren Unilever R&D Port Sunlight, UKH R Wilson University of York, UKV G Zelevinsky Michigan State University, USAD Zeppenfeld Karlsruhe University, GermanyF-C Zhang University of Hong Kong, China

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