jacob payne v. anonymous blogger(s)
DESCRIPTION
Jacob Payne v. Anonymous Blogger(s)TRANSCRIPT
!"#$%%&'(&))*+)%$ $ ,-..-/0"!$'(/'1(2$'"1/2$$ $ 3(4(0("!$"!-$5%6$$ $ 7"!#$89//:$;(<<-22$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$,9'"8$=9:!-$ $ =<9(!2(..$$>?#$$ @-@"/9!31@$(!$01=="/2$".$3-.-!39!2A0$$
@"2("!$2"$B1907$$ $1!C!";!$3-.-!39!2506D$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3-.-!39!2506$9!"!:@"10$8<"EE-/506$
F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$F$$
!"#$%&'(#)%"*
$ 2GH?$IJ?K$H?$=LJHMNHOOA?$JNNKPQN$NR$?HLKMIK$J$SH??KMNHMT$>RHIK$JMS$HMNHPHSJNK$RNGKU$
SKNUJINRU?$VGR$PHTGN$GJ>K$NGK$JWSJIHNX$NR$YWK?NHRM$=LJHMNHOOA?$W?KOWLMK??$J?$J$ZRWUMJLH?N$
JMS$IRPPKMNJNRU$RM$CKMNWI[X$QRLHNHI?#$$
=LJHMNHOO$>HRLJNKS$JN$LKJ?N$NGUKK$SHOOKUKMN$/WLK?$RO$'H>HL$=URIKSWUK$VGKM$GK$H??WKS$
NGK$?W\QRKMJ$NGJN$H?$NGK$?W\ZKIN$RO$3KOKMSJMNA?$@RNHRM$NR$BWJ?G#$2GK?K$UWLK?$K]H?N$NR$
KM?WUK$NGJN$NGK$SH?IR>KUX$QURIK??$H?$OWMSJPKMNJLLX$OJHU$NR$JLL$?HSK?#$2GK$?W\QRKMJ$
=LJHMNHOO$H??WKS$VJ?$MRN$IRMMKINKS$NR$J$SKQR?HNHRM^$GKJUHMT^$RU$NUHJL#$=LJHMNHOO$SHS$MRN$
IKUNHOX$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$NR$NGK$3KOKMSJMN#$=LJHMNHOO$H??WKS$GH?$?W\QRKMJ$NVKMNX&MHMK$SJX?$
?RRMKU$NGJM$H?$JLLRVKS$\X$NGK$UWLK?$JMS$?KU>KS$HN$RM$J$MRM&QJUNX^$RWN&RO&?NJNK$
IRUQRUJNHRM$VHNGRWN$OHU?N$?KK[HMT$J$IRPPH??HRM$OURP$NGH?$'RWUN#$2GH?$?W\QRKMJ$H?$
=LJHMNHOOA?$JNNKPQN$NR$IHUIWP>KMN$NGK$?JOKTWJUS?$QUR>HSKS$\X$NGK$/WLK?$RO$'H>HL$
=URIKSWUK^$YWHI[LX$SH?IR>KU$3KOKMSJMNA?$HSKMNHNX$VHNGRWN$MRNHIK$NR$3KOKMSJMN$NGJN$GH?$
JMRMXPHNX$VJ?$WMSKU$JNNJI[^$JMS$?W\ZKIN$3KOKMSJMN$NR$NGK$UHSHIWLK$JMS$QKU?RMJL$
HM>KINH>K$NGJN$H?$=LJHMNHOOA?$?NRI[$HM$NUJSK#$2GK?K$QURIKSWUJL$SKOKIN?$JLRMK$UKMSKU$NGK$
?W\QRKMJ$>RHS$JMS$WMKMORUIKJ\LK#$
.WUNGKU^$IRWUN?$JURWMS$NGK$MJNHRM$QLJIK$MWPKURW?$JMS$GKJ>X$\WUSKM?$RM$
QLJHMNHOO?$VGR$?KK[$NR$NUKJS$RM$J$SKOKMSJMNA?$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$JMRMXPRW?LX$RM$NGK$
*$
HMNKUMKN_J$UHTGN$TWJUJMNKKS$\X$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN#$'RWUN?$GJ>K$WMH>KU?JLLX$GKLS$
NGJN$?QKJ[KU?$PJX$MRN$\K$?NUHQQKS$RO$NGKHU$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN$NR$KMTJTK$HM$
JMRMXPRW?$?QKKIG$J\?KMN$MRNHIK$RO$NGK$NGUKJN$NR$NGJN$UHTGN$!"#$J$QUKLHPHMJUX$?GRVHMT$
\X$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$NGJN$NGK$LJV?WHN$GJ?$?RPK$PKUHN#$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$MRN$XKN$\KTWM$NR$IJUUX$NGK$
\WUSKM?$GK$PW?N$\KORUK$GK$IJM$K]QKIN$NGH?$'RWUN$NR$K]KUIH?K$HN?$JVK?RPK$QRVKU$NR$?NUHQ$
3KOKMSJMN$RO$GH?$IRM?NHNWNHRMJLLX&QURNKINKS$UHTGN?#$$
=LJHMNHOO$K]QKIN?$NGH?$'RWUN$NR$W?K$HN?$QRVKU$NR$QURNKIN$GHP$OURP$NGK$?JPK$[HMS$RO$
NUKJNPKMN$NR$VGHIG$GK$GJ?$?W\ZKINKS$IRWMNLK??$RNGKU$ZRWUMJLH?N?^$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?^$KLKINKS$
ROOHIHJL?^$JMS$QJUNX$JINH>H?N?#$=LJHMNHOO$JMS$GH?$JNNKPQN$NR$IGHLL$QRLHNHIJL$?QKKIG$JUK$MRN$
VRUNGX$RO$QURNKINHRM`$3KOKMSJMN$JMS$GH?$UHTGN$NR$QJUNHIHQJNK$HM$CKMNWI[XA?$QRLHNHIJL$
SH?IRWU?K$JMRMXPRW?LX$JUK#$$$
2GH?$'RWUN$?GRWLS$5%6$YWJ?G$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$JMS$5*6$H??WK$JM$JQQURQUHJNK$QURNKINH>K$
RUSKU$\JUUHMT$NGK$H??WJMIK$RO$JSSHNHRMJL$?W\QRKMJ?#$$
$+#,#-.-"#*%/*0,(#1*
$%!&"'&(()!"#)$!*+),"+)-+"'./01)
=LJHMNHOO$H?$J$PJMJTHMT$QJUNMKU$JMS$PJZRUHNX$?NJ[KGRLSKU$HM$.WLL$0HTMJL$@KSHJ$
EURWQ^$<<'#$$2++$a9\RWN$$!*+$,"+b$JN$234)5)#*6$JMS$a0KIUKNJUX$RO$0NJNK$UKIRUS?b$JN$
234)5)#*7#$.WLL$0HTMJL$@KSHJ$H?$J$CKMNWI[X$<HPHNKS$<HJ\HLHNX$'RPQJMX$JMS$IRM?H?N?$RO$
NVR$VK\?HNK?c$$!*+),"+)-+"'./01$5VVV#QJTKRMK[KMNWI[X#IRP6$JMS$34+)56&%%+)67&/+$
5VVV#NGK>HLLK>RHIK#IRP6#$$
34+)56&%%+)67&/+$ORIW?K?$RM$<RWH?>HLLKA?$PKSHJ`$HN?$?NJNKS$TRJL$H?$NR$QUR>HSK$UKJSKU?$
VHNG$aNGK$?NRUHK?$\KGHMS$NGK$?NRUHK?#$;KALL$K]JPHMK$NGK$VJX$RWU$LRIJL$PKSHJ$RQKUJNK?$
JMS$SH?G$RWN$J$PH]$RO$IRPQLHPKMN?$JMS$IRPQLJHMN?$J\RWN$QKU?RMJLHNHK?$JMS$QRLHNHI?$RO$
@KNUR$<RWH?>HLLK#b$2++$a9\RWN$34+)56&%%+)67&/+b$JN$234)5)#$8#$
d$
(M$9WTW?N$RO$*))e^$=LJHMNHOO$?NJUNKS$NGK$VK\?HNK$$!*+),"+)-+"'./01$5a=JTK$"MKb6#$
;GHLK$34+)56&%%+)67&/+$IUHNHIHfK?$<RWH?>HLLKA?$PKSHJ$JMS$ORIW?K?$RM$LRIJL$?NRUHK?^$=LJHMNHOO$
W?K?$$!*+),"+$ORU$?NRUHK?$JMS$IRPPKMNJUX$J\RWN$?NJNK$JMS$MJNHRMJL$QRLHNHI?$VHNG$J$
?QKIHJL$HMNKUK?N$HM$NGK$HMNKUMJL$VRU[HMT?$RO$CKMNWI[XA?$3KPRIUJNHI$JMS$/KQW\LHIJM$
QJUNHK?$JMS$IJMSHSJNK?A$IJPQJHTM$?NJOO$JMS$?NUJNKTX#$=UHRU$NR$?NJUNHMT$$!*+),"+^$=LJHMNHOO$
VRU[KS$J?$J$aQRLHNHIJL$IRM?WLNJMN$JMS$IJPQJHTM$OHMJMIK$QUROK??HRMJL#b$2++$234)5)#*6#$$
.URP$NGK$\KTHMMHMT^$=LJHMNHOO$SUR>K$NUJOOHI$NR$GH?$?HNK?$NGURWTG$J$IRP\HMJNHRM$RO$
?KJUIG$KMTHMK$RQNHPHfJNHRM^$IWUJNHMT$LHM[?$OURP$RNGKU$MKV?$?RWUIK?^$JMS$IRPPKMNJUX$
RM$LRIJL$JMS$MJNHRMJL$QRLHNHI?#$.URP$NGK$\KTHMMHMT^$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$IWLNH>JNKS$JM$HPJTK$J?$J$
TJSOLX_NVKJ[HMT$LRIJL$QW\LHI$ROOHIHJL?^$RNGKU$ZRWUMJLH?N?^$JMS$QRLHNHIJL$JINH>H?N?$VHNG$GH?$
WMHYWK$\LKMS$?MJU[^$?JUIJ?P^$JMS$?J??#$=LJHMNHOO$SK?IUH\K?$GHP?KLO$J?$a(M?WOOKUJ\LK#$;KLL&
GJNKS#$'RPPKMNJNRU#$-MNUKQUKMKWU&2XQK#$!HIK$TWX#$0IJUX#$=UR>JIJNKWU#$2GJNA?$,J[Kgb$8##$$
=LJHMNHOO$H?$PRUK$NGJM$J$ZRWUMJLH?N`$GK$H?$J$IRPPKMNJNRU_J$9:7%&(&/$IRPPKMNJNRU#$
=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$HMZKINKS$GHP?KLO$HMNR$IRWMNLK??$KLKINHRM?_LRIJL^$?NJNK^$JMS$MJNHRMJL_?HMIK$
$!*+),"+;<$HMIKQNHRM$HM$*))e#$7K$JL?R$QUR>HSK?$IRPPKMNJUX$RM$RNGKU$PKP\KU?$RO$NGK$
LRIJL$QUK??#$9?$=LJHMNHOO$SK?IUH\K?$GHP?KLO$VGHLK$KPQLRXHMT$NGK$NGHUS$QKU?RM^$aGKA?$NGK$
'RPPRMVKJLNGA?$>KUX$RVM$RQHMHRMJNKS$5\WN$JMMRXHMTLX$KSWIJNKS6$\LRVGJUS#$2GK$
LR>K&GHP&RU&GJNK&GHP$TWX$NGJN$TR>KUMPKMN^$LJV$KMORUIKPKMN$JMS$NGK$PKSHJ$UKLX$RM$ORU$
NGK$LJNK?N$TR??HQ#b$8#=$=LJHMNHOO$JINH>KLX$?KK[?$NGK$?QRNLHTGN^$SK?IUH\HMT$GHP?KLO$J?$J$
aPKSHJ$VGRUKbc$a:K?^$(AP$J$PKSHJ$VGRUK$JMS$JP$MRN$J?GJPKS$NR$QWPQ$PX$KTR#$5!R$HN$
SRK?MAN$TKN$PK$SJNK?#$($ZW?N$QLJX$JM$KTRNH?NHIJL$SRWIGK\JT$RM$NGK$HMNKUMKN#6b$0KK$aCKHNG$
"L\KUPJMM$'HNK?$1?$9TJHM^$7HN?$=JWLb$JN$234)5)#*9*JMS$a;GJNh$,J[KA?$J$.WLL&"M$@KSHJ$
;GRUKh$0WUKLX$!RNb$JN$234)5)#*:#$$!*+),"+$GJ?$\KKM$OKJNWUKS_JIIRUSHMT$NR$=LJHMNHOOA?$
a9\RWNb$QJTK_RM$a@0!8'^$'!!^$."i^$JMS$J$jLRIJLk$?NJNHRM$MKJU$XRW#b$2++)234)5)#*6#$
=LJHMNHOO$UKQRUN?$GK$GJ?$JL?R$\KKM$a?KKM$HM$NGK$!KV$:RU[$2HPK?^$;J?GHMTNRM$=R?N^$
2JL[HMT$=RHMN?$@KPR$jJ$LKJSHMT$3KPRIUJNHI&LKJMHMT$MJNHRMJL$QRLHNHIJL$\LRTk^$2GK$
!JNHRM^$NGK$'GURMHILK$RO$7HTGKU$-SWIJNHRM^$JMS$XRWU$LRIJL$QJQKU#b$8##$9?$=LJHMNHOO$
l$
K]QLJHM?^$a9$ORUPKU$QRLHNHIJL$IRM?WLNJMN$JMS$IJPQJHTM$OHMJMIK$QUROK??HRMJL^$,J[KA?$J$
UKTWLJU$TWK?N$JMS$TR&NR$TWX$ORU$PKSHJ$HM$CKMNWI[X$JMS$GH?$VRU[$GJ?$\KKM$OKJNWUKS$RM$
K>KUX$MKV?$QURTUJP$JMS$HM$K>KUX$QW\LHIJNHRM$WMSKU$NGK$?WM#b$8#=)$$
$%!&"'&((;<)37"+)!"#)3!/'&/<)!')$!*+),"+)
=LJHMNHOO$ILJHP?$NR$\K$JTTUHK>KS$\X$?NJNKPKMN?$PJSK$\X$3KOKMSJMN1$VGKM$
3KOKMSJMN$VJ?$SKLH\KUJNKLX$JMS$QW\LHILX$KPWLJNHMT$=LJHMNHOOA?$VUHNHMT$?NXLK$JMS$
?JNHUHfHMT$=LJHMNHOOA?$ZRWUMJLH?NHI$NJINHI?#$0R^$HN$H?$HM?NUWINH>K$JMS$HPQRUNJMN$NR$UK>HKV$
K]JINLX$VGJN$NGK$3KOKMSJMN$VJ?$LJPQRRMHMT#$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$\KKM$VUHNHMT$JN$$!*+),"+$ORU$
JLPR?N$ORWU$XKJU?^$?R$J$IRPQLKNK$HMSK]$RO$NGK$NHPK?$=LJHMNHOO$LK>KLKS$JLLKTJNHRM?$RO$LKTJL$
RU$KNGHIJL$VURMTSRHMT^$LXHMT^$GXQRIUH?X^$QLJTHJUH?P^$RU$LK>KLKS$JS$GRPHMKP$JNNJI[?$
JTJHM?N$GH?$ORK?$H?$HPQR??H\LK$NR$IRPQHLK#$!RMKNGKLK??^$3KOKMSJMN$?W\PHN?$NGH?$
UKQUK?KMNJNH>K$?JPQLHMTc$
=<9(!2(..A0$9<<-E92("!0$".$<-E9<$"/$-27('9<$;/"!E3"(!E$
o =LJHMNHOO$GJ?$?JHS$NGJN$,KUUX$9\UJP?RM$H?$NGK$a=RLHNHIHJM$@R?N$<H[KLX$NR$8K$(M>K?NHTJNKS$RU$(MSHINKS$HM$NGK$!K]N$%*$@RMNG?b$ORU$GH?$a>JUHRW?$SKJLHMT?b$JMS$aRQKMLX$OWMMKLHMT$PHLLHRM?$RO$SRLLJU?$NR$GH?$QJL?$JN$'RUSH?G#b$2++$a(MJWTWUJL$ERLSKM$8#0#$9VJUS$;HMMKU?b$JN$234)5)#*;^$Q#$*#$7K$GJ?$JL?R$?QKIWLJNKS$NGJN$,KUUX$9\UJP?RMA?$aGHTG&?H]$OHTWUKb$UKMR>JNHRM?$RO$\RVLHMT$JLLKX?$VKUK$aQUR\J\LX$OUJWSWLKMN^$ZK?W?#b$2++$a0RPK$7JQQX$8HUNGSJX$ERLSKM$=RR$;HMMKU?b$JN$234)5)#*<^$Q#$d#$
o 2GK$ORLLRVHMT$XKJU^$=LJHMNHOO$VRWLS$IJLL$2UKJ?WUKU$2RSS$7RLLKM\JIG$NGK$a=RLHNHIHJM$@R?N$<H[KLX$NR$8K$(M>K?NHTJNKS$RU$(MSHINKS$HM$NGK$!K]N$2VKL>K$@RMNG?mjQkUHPJUHLX$\KIJW?K$K>KUXRMK$HM$.UJM[ORUN$JLUKJSX$[MRV?$NVR$SHOOKUKMN$\UJMIGK?$RO$LJV$KMORUIKPKMN^$KNGHI?$JMS$K>KUXRMK$WMSKU$NGK$?WM$H?$QR[HMT$JURWMS$RM$2RSSX#$2GK$OJIN$NGJN$GK$HLLKTJLLX$OHUKS$@JUX$,RGM$'KLLKNNH$JMS$HLLKTJLLX$GHUKS$J$SRW\LK&SHQQKU$HM$GKU$QLJIK$SRK?MAN$GKLQ#b$2++$$234)5)#$<^$Q#$*#$$$
1 For grammatical simplicity, Defendant(s) will use the singular male to describe himself/herself/themselves throughout this Memorandum.
n$
o /KLXHMT$RM$GH?$K]QKUHKMIK$J?$J$QUROK??HRMJL$IJPQJHTM$?NJOOKU^$=LJHMNHOO$JS>H?KS$ORUPKU$KPQLRXKK?$RO$NGK$CKMNWI[X$3KPRIUJNHI$=JUNX^$a!R$RMK$SH?LH[K?$NGK$IRUUWQN$oLKJSKU?GHQA$JN$C3=$PRUK$NGJM$PK#$8WN$NGKUKA?$J$LK>KL$RO$QUROK??HRMJLH?P$XRW$PW?N$PJHMNJHM$HM$RUSKU$NR$\K$\KNNKU$NGJM$NGR?K$OWI[KU?#$8KHMT$\KNNKU$NGJM$NGKP$H?$JLVJX?$NGK$\K?N$\KN#b$2++$a2R$NGK$1Q?KN$.RUPKU$C3=$0NJOOKU?^b$234)5)#*=^$Q#$%#$$
o =LJHMNHOO$JIIW?K?$QRLHNHIJL$?NUJNKTH?N$@JU[$/HSSLK$RO$aWMKNGHIJLb$\KGJ>HRU$VGKM$,WSTK$CJNHK$CHMTA?$IJPQJHTM$QW\LH?GKS$J$PJHLKU$IRMNJHMHMT$NGK$QHINWUK?$RO$QRLHIK$ROOHIKU?$HM$WMHORUP#$a@JU[$/HSSLK$[MRV?$\KNNKU#$2GH?$H?$?YWJUKLX$RM$GH?$?GRWLSKU?#b2$2++$a;GJN$9UK$CJNHK$CHMTA?$=KRQLK$2GHM[HMThb$JN$234)5)#*>^$QQ#$l&n#$$$$
o (M$NGK$?JPK$QR?N^$=LJHMNHOO$JLLKTK?$NGJN$aCJNHK$GJ?$J$GH?NRUX$RO$SUWT$W?K^$J$GH?NRUX$RO$MRN$NJ[HMT$GKU$IWUUKMN$ZR\$?KUHRW?LX^$J$GH?NRUX$RO$LXHMT$NR$NGK$PKSHJ$JMS$J$GH?NRUX$RO$\KHMT^$VKLL^$HUUK?QRM?H\LK$JMS$(!-i=-/(-!'-3#$!RN$NR$PKMNHRM$NGJN$?GK$GJ?$Q?KWSR&IUHPHMJL?$VUHNHMT$LKNNKU?$NR$NGK$KSHNRU$RM$GKU$\KGJLO$JMS$?GK$H?$\RUSKULHMK$WMKNGHIJL$VHNG$K>KUXNGHMT$?GKA?$JS>KUNH?HMT#b$8#=)JN$Q#$p#$$
o (M$J$?KQJUJNK$QR?N^$=LJHMNHOO$JIIW?K?$a@JU[$/HSSLK$JMS$IUKVb$RO$\KHMT$VHLLHMT$NR$aSR$JMXNGHMT$NR$IGKJN$NGKHU$VJX$NR$VGJNK>KU$HN$H?$NGKXAUK$NUXHMT$NR$TKN#b$2++$a($CMRV$(AP$ERRS$8WN$($'JMAN$@J[K$2GH?$1Q^b$234)5)#$66$JN$Q#$*#$$
o ,J[K$GJ?$JIIW?KS$.RUPKU$,'=0$?WQKUHMNKMSKMN$0GKLSRM$8KUPJM^$1MH>KU?HNX$RO$<RWH?>HLLK$=UK?HSKMN$,HP$/JP?KX^$JMS$/KQ#$2RP$/HMKU$RO$aIRUUWQNHRMb$ORU$a?HNNHMT$RM$J$>HUNWJL$?IGRRL?$j?HIk$\RJUS$ORU$NGK$?RLK$QWUQR?K$RO$PJ[HMT$NGJN$IRPQJMX$PRMKX$OURP$NGK$IROOKU?$RO$,KOOKU?RM$'RWMNX$=W\LHI$0IGRRL?^b$ORU$aQRI[KNHMT$GWMSUKS?$RO$NGRW?JMS?$RO$SRLLJU?$VGHLK$ORJPHMT$JN$NGK$PRWNG^b$JMS$ORU$aTKNNHMT$LKTH?LJNHRM$QJ??KS$NGJN$\KMKOHNKS$RMLX$GHP^b$UK?QKINH>KLX#$2++$234)5)#*<$JN$QQ#$d&l#$$$
=<9(!2(..A0$9<<-E92("!0$".$<(-0$9!3D"/$7:="'/(0:$
o =LJHMNHOO$SKILJUKS$a.H?IGKUA?$!RN$,W?N$J$<HJU_7KA?$J$7XQRIUHNKb$JMS$NGKM$QR?NKS$J$QHINWUK$RO$MRV&@JXRU&NGKM&IJMSHSJNK$.H?IGKU$VHNG$J$IJQNHRM^$a7XQRIUH?Xc$(NA?$NGK$9PKUHIJM$;JX#b$2++$a.H?IGKUA?$!RN$,W?N$J$<HJU_7KA?$J$7XQRIUHNK^b$234)5)#*%*$JN$QQ#$%&*#$
2 The commenter “jake” is the Plaintiff. As he explains in one of his comments, “Uh, sweetie, I own and operate this website. You can click on my name and see very quickly that I’m the only person able to have the registered name of “jake.” See “32nd Senate Dist Special Election Results,” Exhibit 10, p. 5.
+$
o (M$J$QR?N^$a0RPKNHPK?$NGK$7XQRIUH?X$H?$2GHI[$-MRWTG$NR$0LHIK^b$=LJHMNHOO$JIIW?K?$NGK$3KPRIUJNHI$=JUNX$JMS$0NK>K$8K?GKJU$RO$aGXQRIUH?X#b$2++$a0RPKNHPK?$NGK$7XQRIUH?X$H?$2GHI[$-MRWTG$NR$0LHIK^b$234)5)#*68#$
o =LJHMNHOO$?JX?$CKMNWI[X$3KPRIUJNHI$=JUNX$'GJHU$3JMHKL$<RT?SRM$aLHKS$J\RWN$,JI[$j'RMVJXk$OLHQ&OLRQQHMT$RM$jNGK$8W?G$NJ]$IWN?kb$JMS$aLHKS$J\RWN$NGK$TR>KUMRU$?JXHMT$GK$?WQQRUNKS$IGJUNKU$?IGRRL?#b$2++$a2GK$CKMNWI[X$3KPRIUJNHI$=JUNX$H?$0IUKVKS^b$234)5)#*69^$Q#$d#$$
=<9(!2(..A0$9<<-E92("!0$".$=<9E(9/(0@$
o =LJHMNHOO$IUHNHIHfKS$'RWUHKU&,RWUMJL$UKQRUNKU$9MSX$;RLO?RM$ORU$GH?$aIRQX$q$QJ?NK$ZR\$5RU$VGJNK>KU$HN$VJ?$GK$SHS6$GK$oVURNKA$J\RWN$/JMS$=JWLA?$PJMX$ORH\LK?#b$2++)$234)5)#*<^$Q#$*#$$
=<9(!2(..A0$93$7"@(!-@$9229'C0$9!3$(!!1-!3"$
o =LJHMNHOO$URWNHMKLX$PJ[K?$!#)47>&"+>)JNNJI[?#$/KIKMNLX^$J$OJ>RUHNK$NJUTKN$H?$3JMHKL$<RT?SRM^$'GJHUPJM$RO$NGK$CKMNWI[X$3KPRIUJNHI$=JUNX#$a3JMHKL$<RT?SRM$NRR[$NGK$GJPGRI[$RWN$RO$GH?$ZRVL$LRMT$KMRWTG$NR$?KMS$JM$KPJHL$\LJ?N$RM$@RMSJXm#b$2++$234)5)#*68#$7K$GJ?$LJP\J?NKS$<RT?SRM$ORU$a?VKJNHMT$LH[K$J$GRTb$JMS$HM?NUWINKS$GHP$NR$aVHQK$NGJN$?VKJN$ROO$XRWU$ZRVL#b$2++$234)5)#*69#$(M$JMRNGKU$QR?N^$GK$IJLL?$@U#$<RT?SRM$J$a?VKJN$PRM?NKU#b$2++$ao-]QLR?H>KA$2WUMKS$"WN$2R$8K$J$@KUK$'URQ$3W?NKU^bd$234)5)#*6:#$
o =LJHMNHOOA?$MHI[MJPK$ORU$ORUPKU$@JXRU$9\UJP?RM$H?$@JXRU$@I'GKK?K^$J$@I3RMJLSA?$PJ?IRN$VGR$GJ?$J$GJP\WUTKU$ORU$J$GKJS#$2++$a@JXRU$@I'GKK?K$JMS$@RUK_(M$=HINWUK?^b$234)5)#*6;#$$
o ,J[K$JVJUS?$NGK$a/KQRUNKU$@R?N$<H[KLX$NR$@J[K$:RW$CHI[$:RWU$2KLK>H?HRM^$8WUM$:RWU$!KV?QJQKU$RU$2R??$:RWU$'RPQWNKUb$NR$a;790$oUKQRUNKUA$?@A+2*?A!Bb$VGR$aVHM?$NGH?$PK??$GJMS?&SRVM#$7H?$JTTUK??H>K$HMYWH?HNHRM$RO$!HMJ$@R?KLX$JN$;JX?HSK$'GUH?NHJM$@H??HRM$5MR$PJNNKU$GRV$\JSLX$?GK$SK?KU>KS$HN6$VJ?$J\?WUS#$7H?$QJ??H>K&JTTUK??H>K$.JIK\RR[$WQSJNK?$JUK$KP\JUUJ??HMT#$9MS$GH?$?HLLX$NK]N$PK??JTHMT$?NRUX$VJ?$KMRWTG$NR$PJ[K$PR?N$QKRQLK$>RPHN$QUROW?KLX#$2++$a(MJWTWUJL$ERLSKM$8#0#$9VJUS$;HMMKU?^b$234)5)#*;^$Q#$*#$$
3 “Crop Duster” is colloquial for a particular species of flatulence. The Urban Dictionary, a common source for definitions of slang, defines a crop duster as “a person who does a fart (usually silent) in an area and then leaves, thereby leaving the smell for others to savour.” http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=crop%20duster
e$
o =LJHMNHOO$IJLLKS$?NJNK$?KMJNRU$,WLHJM$'JUURLL$J$aIUJfX$TKUHJNUHIb$JMS$J$a?HLLX$RLS$OJUN#b$2++$a:RWU$->KMHMT$3KQN$RO$8RRTKU?$JMS$'UJfX$EKUHJNUHI?b$234)5)#*6<#$*
o =LJHMNHOO$URWNHMKLX$SKJL?$HM$HMMWKMSR#$.RU$K]JPQLK^$a($GKJU$NGK$7RW?K$3KPRIUJNHI$'JWIW?$GJ?$J$OJMIX$?LW?G$OWMS$VHNG$J\RWN$rn))C$OURP$NGUKK$HMSW?NUHK?c$QJXSJX$LRJM$?GJU[?^$[HMT$IRJL$JMS$NGK$MWU?HMT$GRPK$HMSW?NUX#$(PJTHMK$NGJN#b$*8#=$
?!'/4&"*)@!0+)$!1"+)
=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$JIGHK>KS$J$IKUNJHM$LK>KL$RO$?WIIK??$JMSDRU$MRNRUHKNX$J?$NGK$TJSOLX$RO$
NGK$CKMNWI[X$\LRTR?QGKUK#$9IIRUSHMT$NR$=LJHMNHOO^$GH?$?HNK$KMZRX?$?RPK$RO$NGK$PR?N$NUJOOHI$
RO$JMX$CKMNWI[X$\LRT$ORIW?KS$RM$QRLHNHI?$JMS$IWUUKMN$K>KMN?$JMS$GK$GJ?$\KKM$?RWUIKS$
ORU$?NRUHK?$JQQKJUHMT$HM$NGK$MJNHRMJL$JMS$LRIJL$QUK??#$$9IIRUSHMT$NR$=LJHMNHOO^$GK$H?$J$
aUKTWLJU$TWK?N$JMS$TR&NR$TWX$ORU$PKSHJ$HM$CKMNWI[X#b$2++)234)5)#*6#$(M$J$NXQHIJL$NRMK$
JMS$>KUMJIWLJU^$=LJHMNHOO$\RJ?NKS$RM$NGK$NGHUS$JMMH>KU?JUX$RO$$!*+),"+$NGJN$GK$VJ?$
aj>kKUX$GJQQX$NR$\K$CKMNWI[XA?$s%$QRLHNHIJL$?IJMSJL$?GKKN$ORU$OJMIX$LJSHK?$JMS$NGKX$
PKMf#b$j?HIk$2++$234)5)#*<^$Q#$%#$$
3KOKMSJMN$\KLHK>K?$NGJN$=LJHMNHOOA?$?JUIJ?NHI^$R>KU&NGK&NRQ$NRMK$JMS$JTTUK??H>K^$
QKU?RMJL$NJINHI?$JUK$IRWMNKUQURSWINH>K$NR$QW\LHI$SH?IRWU?K$HM$CKMNWI[X#$0R^$HM$@JUIG$RO$
*)%%^$NGK$JWNGRU$RO$?!'/4&"*)@!0+)$!1"+$5VVV#VJNIGHMTZJ[KQJXMK#\LRT?QRN#IRP6$
SKIHSKS$NR$TJSOLX$NGK$TJSOLX#$$
"M$9QUHL$l^$*)%%^$3KOKMSJMN$K]QLJHMKS^$a;K$?RWTGN$NR$GHTGLHTGN$NGK$GXQRIUH?X$RO$
,J[K$=JXMK^$JMS$NR$?W\ZKIN$GHP$NR$NGK$IJUKOWLLX$IJLH\UJNKS$HMMWKMSR$JMS$!#)47>&"+>$
JNNJI[?$GK$W?K?$?R$TLKKOWLLX#$;K$GJ>K$SRMK$\RNG$RO$NGR?K$NGHMT?$JMS^$HO$NGH?$PRUMHMT$H?$
JMX$HMSHIJNHRM^$QWN$J$?NRQ$NR$NGKP#b$0KK^$a2GWP\?$1Q^$2GWP\?$3RVM^b$234)5)#*6=#*$$
"M$@JUIG$d%^$*)%%^$=LJHMNHOO$UK?QRMSKS$NR$?!'/4&"*)@!0+)$!1"+$JMS$QKMMKS$J$QR?N$
KMNHNLKS^$a3KPRIUJNHI$=JUNX$0GHLL?$9OUJHS$"O$!RM&'RMORUPH?N?h$/KJLLX$8KMN$"WN$"O$
0GJQK$">KU$.RL[?$;GR$3RMAN$.RLLRV$9$=JUNX$<HMKh$;"/<3$3"@(!92("!#b$2++$
234)5)#*6>#$(M$NGK$QR?N^$=LJHMNHOO$K]QLJHMKS$NGJN^$$
t$
j(kO$XRW$VJMN$NR$JIIW?K$PK$RO$\KHMT$J$?GHLL$\KIJW?K$($UKIKH>K$/KQW\LHIJM$PRMKXh$CD2A+2*E--F*1,G)"H*)#*1%*!*(,"*$,E-*)"*-I-"*.%$-*%/*)#J$9MS$NGJM[$XRW_OURP$NGK$\RNNRP$RO$PX$GKJUN_ORU$IRMNHMWHMT$NR$NUX$NR$PJ[K$PK$J$\HTTKU$SKJL$NGJM$($UKJLLX$JP#$2GK$PRUK$UKLK>JMN$XRW$PJ[K$PK^$NGK$PRUK$PX$VRUS?$PJNNKU$JMS$NGK$PRUK$JIIK??$($GJ>K$NR$JIN$J?$PKJN$RM$NGK$?NUKKN$ORU$j/KQW\LHIJM$QRLHNHIJL$RQKUJNH>Kk$0IRNN$,KMMHMT?^$VGR$H?$R\>HRW?LX$PX$?KIUKN$LR>KU$JMS$?WTJU$SJSSX#$$
) 8#=)-PQGJ?H?$JSSKS#$
2GH?$H?$MRN$NGK$OHU?N$NHPK$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$VKLIRPKS$QW\LHIHNX$JMS$IRMNUR>KU?Xc$$
@KJMVGHLK^$jNGKM$C3=&IGJHUQKU?RM$,KMMHOKUk$@RRUK$H?$NGUKJNKMHMT$GKU$?NJOO$JMS$RNGKU?$HM$?NJNK$TR>KUMPKMN$ORU$GJ>HMT$\KOUHKMSKS$W?#$!RN$J$>KUX$HMNKLLHTKMN$PR>K$?HMIK$VK$GJ>K$J$LRN$RM$RWU$?HSKc$PRMKX^$>JUHRW?$QLJNORUP?^$NGK$QUK??^$7RW?K$IJWIW?^$/KQW\LHIJM?^$KIIKMNUHI$JNNRUMKX?$JMS$QURTUK??H>K?$JIUR??$NGK$?NJNK#$8WN$[KKQ$RM$VHNG$HN#$;K$LR>K$NGK$JNNKMNHRM#$$
2++$a@RUK$RM$C3=$=WUQR?KOWLLX$<R?HMT$->KUXNGHMT^b$234)5)#*7K#$$
5(MSKKS^$NGH?$LHNHTJNHRM$HN?KLO^$JMS$NGK$PKSHJ$JNNKMNHRM$?WUURWMSHMT$HN$?KU>K?$NR$HMIUKJ?K$
=LJHMNHOOA?$UKLK>JMIK$JMS^$JIIRUSHMT$NR$GHP^$NGK$PRMKX$GK$PJ[K?#6$
9LNGRWTG$=LJHMNHOO$K]QUK??KS$TUJNHNWSK$NR$?!'/4&"*)@!0+)$!1"+$JMS$HM>HNKS$NGK$?HNK$
NR$IRMNHMWK$HN?$?JNHUK$?R$=LJHMNHOO$IRWLS$aUJ[K$HM$K>KM$PRUK$jPRMKXk^b$=LJHMNHOO$OHLKS$?WHN$
RM$9QUHL$%%^$*)%%^$JLLKTHMT$SKOJPJNHRM$JMS$HM>J?HRM$RO$QUH>JIX#$$2GK$?WHN$HMILWSK?$J$LRMT$
LH?N$RO$IRPQLJHMN?$NGJN$JUK$JLNKUMJNH>KLX$>JTWK^$QJUJQGUJ?K?^$JMS$OJIHJLLX$MRM&JINHRMJ\LK#$
3K?QHNK$3KOKMSJMNA?$UKYWK?N$NGJN$=LJHMNHOO$ILKJULX$JUNHIWLJNK$VGHIG$RO$NGK$?NJNKPKMN?$GK$
OHMS?$HM>J?H>K$JMS$VGHIG$?NJNKPKMN?$GK$OHMS?$SKOJPJNRUX^$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$OJHLKS$NR$ILJUHOX$
GH?$JLLKTJNHRM?#$2++$@JX$*l^$*)%%$LKNNKU$OURP$3KOKMSJMNA?$IRWM?KL^$234)5)#*76#$.WUNGKU^$
=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$OJHLKS$NR$JUNHIWLJNK$GRV$GK$GJS$\KKM$SJPJTKS$\KXRMS$TKMKUJLLX$?WOOKUHMT$
a?K>KUK$KP\JUUJ??PKMN^$GWPHLHJNHRM^$PKMNJL$JMTWH?G^$LR?N$\W?HMK??$RQQRUNWMHNHK?^$JMS$
SJPJTK$NR$GH?$UKQWNJNHRM$JMS$TRRSVHLL#b$2++$'RPQLJHMN^$Q#$d&l#$$
"M$9QUHL$%*^$NGK$SJX$ORLLRVHMT$NGK$OHLHMT$RO$GH?$'RPQLJHMN^$=LJHMNHOO$?KMN$J$
0W\QRKMJ$3WIK?$2KIWP$NR$MRM&QJUNX$ERRTLK^$(MI#A?$JTKMN$ORU$?KU>HIK$RO$QURIK??$
p$
5'RUQRUJNHRM$0KU>HIK$'RPQJMX6$HM$.UJM[ORUN^$CKMNWI[X#$2++$0WQRKMJ$3WIK?$2KIWP$
JNNJIGKS$JN$234)5)#$77#$2GK$?W\QRKMJ$VJ?$MRN$H??WKS$HM$IRMMKINHRM$VHNG$J$SKQR?HNHRM^$
GKJUHMT^$RU$NUHJL#$2GRWTG$=LJHMNHOO$VRWLS$?KMS$NGK$3KOKMSJMN$J$IRQX$RO$NGK$'RPQLJHMN$
JMS$@RNHRM$ORU$(MZWMINH>K$/KLHKO$RM$9QUHL$%l^$*)%%$>HJ$3KOKMSJMNA?$KPJHL$JSSUK??$LH?NKS$
RM$;JNIGHMT$,J[K$=JXMK^$MRNZJIR\QJXMKuTPJHL#IRP^$=LJHMNHOO$MK>KU$?KMN$3KOKMSJMN$J$
IRQX$RO$NGK$0W\QRKMJ$3WIK?$2KIWP$H??WKS$NR$ERRTLK#$2++)9QUHL$%l^$*)%%$KPJHL$OURP$
=LJHMNHOOA?$'RWM?KL$NR$MRNZJIR\QJXMKuTPJHL#IRP^$234)5)#*78#$
3KOKMSJMN$RMLX$UKIKH>KS$VRUS$RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$OURP$ERRTLK$HN?KLO#$"M$9QUHL$%n^$
3KOKMSJMN$UKIKH>KS$JM$KPJHL$OURP$ERRTLK$JN$MRNZJIR\QJXMKuTPJHL#IRP$HMORUPHMT$GHP$
NGJN^$aERRTLK$GJ?$UKIKH>KS$J$?W\QRKMJ$ORU$HMORUPJNHRM$UKLJNKS$NR$XRWU$\LRT$JMS$NR$
JMRMXPRW?$IRPPKMN?$QR?NKS$RM$XRWU$\LRT$HM$J$IJ?K$KMNHNLKS$,JIR\$=JXMK$>#$1M[MRVM$
3KOKMSJMN#b$0KK$9QUHL$%n^$*)%%$KPJHL$OURP$ERRTLK$JN$234)5)#*79#$2GK$KPJHL$SHS$MRN$
IRMNJHM$J$IRQX$RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$RU$LH?N$NGK$HNKP?$?RWTGN$\X$=LJHMNHOO$HM$NGK$?W\QRKMJ#$(N$
NRR[$3KOKMSJMN$JMRNGKU$NVR$VKK[?$NR$TKN$J$IRQX$RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$OURP$ERRTLK#$;GKM$
GK$UKIKH>KS$HN^$HN$VJ?$HPPKSHJNKLX$JQQJUKMN$NGJN$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$VJ?$QURIKSWUJLLX$
SKOHIHKMN$JMS$WMKMORUIKJ\LK$JTJHM?N$ERRTLK#$3KOKMSJMN$OHLKS$NGH?$@RNHRM$NR$BWJ?G$NGH?$
?W\QRKMJ$NR$QURNKIN$=LJHMNHOOA?$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$JMRMXPRW?LX$RM$NGK$(MNKUMKN^$J$UHTGN$
TWJUJMNKKS$\X$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$RO$NGK$1MHNKS$0NJNK?$'RM?NHNWNHRM#$$$
ALMNO2BP*
!J Q-(,'1-*#4-*0)$1#*A.-"&.-"#*C$%#-(#1*A"%"G.%'1*+F--(4R*?%'$#1*L-S')$-*B%#)(-*,"&*,*C$-T).)",$G*+4%U)"H*Q-/%$-*A'#4%$)V)"H*CT,)"#)//1*#%*N".,1E*W"T)"-*+F-,E-$1J*
*AJ P4-*L)H4#*#%*+F-,E*A"%"G.%'1TG*)1*M',$,"#--&*5G*
#4-*0)$1#*A.-"&.-"#*
2GK$UHTGN$NR$KMTJTK$HM$JMRMXPRW?$?QKKIG$aH?$J$VKLL&K?NJ\LH?GKS$IRM?NHNWNHRMJL$UHTGN#$
(M$OJIN^$JMRMXPRW?$QRLHNHIJL$?QKKIG$H?$JM$K?QKIHJLLX$>JLWKS$UHTGN$HM$NGH?$MJNHRM#b$A7+)B=)
24.:'%+((C)*))t$;<$ll*enpl $̂JN$Fn$53#$1NJG$*))t6̂ $B!/!'+#)7")7'4+:)*:7."#<C)*))p$;<$*+)%lnt$53#*1NJG$
%)$
*))p6 $̀<++)?!'/4'7D+:)E&F%+)!"#)3:!/')27/G1)7()H=I)B=)6&%%!*+)7()2':!''7"C)nd+$1#0#$%n) $̂%++&+e$5*))*6 $̀
E./0%+1)B=)J>=)K7"<'&'.'&7"!%)L!D)M7."#=C)n*n$1#0#$%t* $̂%pp&*))$5%ppp6#$.URP$NGK$LHNKUJUX$KOORUN?$RO$
@JU[$2VJHM$NR$NGK$JWNGRU?$RO$NGK$.KSKUJLH?N$=JQKU?^$ajJkMRMXPRW?$QJPQGLKN?^$LKJOLKN?^$
\URIGWUK?$JMS$K>KM$\RR[?$GJ>K$QLJXKS$JM$HPQRUNJMN$URLK$HM$NGK$QURTUK??$RO$PJM[HMS#b$3!%%+1)
B=)K!%&(7:"&!C)d+*$1#0#$+)^$+l$5%p+)6#$9?$NGK$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$VURNK$HM$N/8"'1:+)B=),4&7)O%+/'&7"<)
K7>>&<<&7"P)
j9kM$JWNGRU$H?$TKMKUJLLX$OUKK$NR$SKIHSK$VGKNGKU$RU$MRN$NR$SH?ILR?K$GH?$RU$GKU$NUWK$HSKMNHNX#$2GK$SKIH?HRM$HM$OJ>RU$RO$JMRMXPHNX$PJX$\K$PRNH>JNKS$\X$OKJU$RO$KIRMRPHI$RU$ROOHIHJL$UKNJLHJNHRM^$\X$IRMIKUM$J\RWN$?RIHJL$R?NUJIH?P^$RU$PKUKLX$\X$J$SK?HUK$NR$QUK?KU>K$J?$PWIG$RO$RMKv?$QUH>JIX$J?$QR??H\LK#$;GJN&K>KU$NGK$PRNH>JNHRM$PJX$\K^$#$#$#$NGK$HMNKUK?N$HM$GJ>HMT$JMRMXPRW?$VRU[?$KMNKU$NGK$PJU[KNQLJIK$RO$HSKJ?$WMYWK?NHRMJ\LX$RWNVKHTG?$JMX$QW\LHI$HMNKUK?N$HM$UKYWHUHMT$SH?ILR?WUK$J?$J$IRMSHNHRM$RO$KMNUX#$9IIRUSHMTLX^$JM$JWNGRUv?$SKIH&?HRM$NR$UKPJHM$JMRMXPRW?^$LH[K$RNGKU$SKIH?HRM?$IRMIKUMHMT$RPH??HRM?$RU$JS&SHNHRM?$NR$NGK$IRMNKMN$RO$J$QW\LHIJNHRM $̂H?$JM$J?QKIN$RO$NGK$OUKKSRP$RO$?QKKIG$QURNKINKS$\X$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN#$
$
n%l$1#0#$ddl^$dl%&l*$5%ppn6#$a1MSKU$RWU$'RM?NHNWNHRM^$JMRMXPRW?$QJPQGLKNKKUHMT$H?$MRN$J$
QKUMHIHRW?^$OUJWSWLKMN$QUJINHIK^$\WN$JM$GRMRUJ\LK$NUJSHNHRM$RO$JS>RIJIX$JMS$RO$SH??KMN#b$8#=)
JN$dn+#$
$ 2GH?$UHTGN$NR$JMRMXPRW?$?QKKIG$H?$OWLLX$JQQLHIJ\LK$NR$?QKKIG$RM$NGK$(MNKUMKN#$24.:'%+((C)
*))t$;<$ll*enpl^$JN$Fn`$<++)8"):+)J"7"1>7.<),"%&"+)29+!0+:<C)QQQ).#dS$&&&&^$*)%%$;<$+%+dn^$JN$F*$
5pNG$'HU#$*)%%6#$2GK$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$GJ?$NUKJNKS$NGK$(MNKUMKN$J?$J$ORUWP$RO$QUKKPHMKMN$
HPQRUNJMIK$\KIJW?K$HN$QUR>HSK?$JMX$HMSH>HSWJL$VGR$VJMN?$NR$K]QUK??$GH?$>HKV?$NGK$
RQQRUNWMHNX$NR$UKJIG$RNGKU$PKP\KU?$RO$NGK$QW\LHI$VGR$JUK$GWMSUKS?$RU$K>KM$NGRW?JMS?$RO$PHLK?$
JVJX$JN$>HUNWJLLX$MR$IR?N#$R+"7)B=)JKLSC)n*%$1#0#$tll $̂t+t&e)$5%ppe6#$a(MNKUMKN$JMRMXPHNX$
OJIHLHNJNK?$NGK$UHIG $̂SH>KU?K^$JMS$OJU$UJMTHMT$K]IGJMTK$RO$HSKJ?^b$JMS$NGKUKORUK$aNGK$
IRM?NHNWNHRMJL$UHTGN?$RO$(MNKUMKN$W?KU?^$HMILWSHMT$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$
JMRMXPRW?LX^$PW?N$\K$IJUKOWLLX$?JOKTWJUSKS#b$N/N!"")B=)A7+C)l+)$.#$0WQQ#$*S$*np^$*++$M#dn$
53#$@J??#$*))+6$5HMNKUMJL$YWRNJNHRM$RPHNNKS6#$(M$QJUNHIWLJU^$IRWUN?$GJ>K$TUJMNKS$.HU?N$
%%$
9PKMSPKMN$QURNKINHRM$NR$MRMIRPPKUIHJL$VK\?HNK?^$?WIG$J?$NGK$VK\?HNK$JN$H??WK$GKUK#$2++C)+=*=C)
3!.F>!")K7=)B=)?+F(+!'<C)d%p$.#dS$ee) $̂eet$5+NG$'HU#$*))d6$5GRLSHMT$NGJN$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$
QURNKINKS$NGK$TUHQK$?HNK$a?GRQ?JNVHLLRV\KMS#IRPb$OURP$J$ILJHP$\X$NGK$0GRQ?$JN$;HLLRV$8KMS$
?GRQQHMT$PJLL6 $̀2!%+T77)U:7.9C)L'#=)B=)JEK)K7=C)e**$.#$0WQQ#$*S$%*%) $̂%*%l&%n$5;#3#$;J?G#$*)%)6$
5YWJ?GHMT$J$?W\QRKMJ$ORU$HSKMNHOXHMT$HMORUPJNHRM$J\RWN$NGK$RVMKU$RO$a?JLKGRR?WI[?#IRPb6 $̀
N/N!""C)l+)$.#$0WQQ#$*S$JN$*++$5JIIRUSHMT$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$QURNKINHRM$NR$NGK$RQKUJNRU$RO$NGK$
TUHQK$?HNK$aQJWLPIPJMM#IRPb$JTJHM?N$SKOJPJNHRM$JMS$QUH>JIX$ILJHP?$\X$GRPK\WHLSKU$=JWL$
@I@JMM6#$
QJ ?%'$#1R*Q-/%$-*23-$()1)"H*+#,#-*A(#)%"R*O'1#*+($'#)")V-*CT,)"#)//X1*ATT-H,#)%"1*,"&*Y-)H4*#4-*C%#-"#),T*@,$.*#%*CT,)"#)//*AH,)"1#*#4-*@,$.*#%*Z-/-"&,"#*0$%.*D%1)"H*#4-*0)$1#*A.-"&.-"#*L)H4#*#%*A"%"G.)#G**
9$IRWUN$RUSKU^$K>KM$HO$TUJMNKS$ORU$J$QUH>JNK$QJUNX^$H?$J$ORUP$RO$?NJNK$JINHRM$JMS$H?$NGW?$
?W\ZKIN$NR$IRM?NHNWNHRMJL$LHPHNJNHRM?#$H+D)I7:0)3&>+<)B=)2.%%&B!"^$de+$1#0#$*nl^$*+n$
5%p+l6 $̀24+%%+1)B=)-:!+>+:C)ddl$1#0#$%$5%plt6#$9M$RUSKU$NR$IRPQKL$QURSWINHRM$RO$J$QKU?RMv?$HSKMNHNX$HM$
J$?HNWJNHRM$NGJN$NGUKJNKM?$NGK$K]KUIH?K$RO$OWMSJPKMNJL$UHTGN?$aH?$?W\ZKIN$NR$NGK$ILR?K?N$?IUWNHMX#b$
HJJK$)B=)J%!F!>!C)dne$1#0#$llp^$l+%$5%pnt6 $̀<++)E!'+<)B=)K&'1)7()L&''%+)R7/0C)d+%$1#0#$n%+^$n*l$
5%p+)6#$9\UHSTKPKMN$RO$NGK$UHTGN$NR$?QKKIG^$aK>KM$NGRWTG$WMHMNKMSKS^$PJX$HMK>HNJ\LX$ORLLRV$
OURP$>JUHKS$ORUP?$RO$TR>KUMPKMNJL$JINHRM^b$?WIG$J?$IRPQKLLHMT$NGK$QURSWINHRM$RO$MJPK?#$
HJJK$C)dne$1#0#$JN$l+%#$/HTGN?$PJX$JL?R$\K$IWUNJHLKS$\X$PKJM?$RO$QUH>JNK$UKNUH\WNHRM$
ORLLRVHMT$IRWUN&RUSKUKS$SH?ILR?WUK?#$8#=)JN$l+*&+d`$E!'+<C)d+%$1#0#$JN$n*l#$
$ 8J?KS$RM$NGK?K$QUHMIHQLK?^$J$TURVHMT$IRM?KM?W?$RO$IRWUN?$GJ?$UKIRTMHfKS$NGJN$IH>HL$
?W\QRKMJ?$?KK[HMT$HMORUPJNHRM$UKTJUSHMT$JMRMXPRW?$?QKJ[KU?$UJH?K$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$
IRMIKUM?#$2++)2!%+T77C)e**$.#$0WQQ#$*S$JN$%*%l&%n#$2GK?K$IRWUN?$UKIRTMHfK$NGJN$wjHkO$(MNKUMKN$
W?KU?$IRWLS$\K$?NUHQQKS$RO$jNGKHUk$JMRMXPHNX$\X$J$IH>HL$?W\QRKMJ$KMORUIKS$WMSKU$NGK$LH\KUJL$
UWLK?$RO$IH>HL$SH?IR>KUX^$NGH?$VRWLS$GJ>K$J$?HTMHOHIJMN$IGHLLHMT$KOOKIN$RM$(MNKUMKN$
%*$
IRPPWMHIJNHRM?$JMS$NGW?$RM$\J?HI$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN?#w$A7+)B=)V'4+N!:'=/7>C)%l)$.#$0WQQ#$
*S$%)tt^$%)pd$5;#3#$;J?G#$*))%6#$9IIRUSHMTLX^$NGK$IRWUN?$GJ>K$wRWNLHMKS$?NUHIN$UWLK?$ORU$
JLLRVHMT$J$?W\QRKMJ$NGJN$GJS$NGK$KOOKIN$RO$WMPJ?[HMT$NGK$HSKMNHNX$RO$JMRMXPRW?$RMLHMK$
?QKJ[KU?#w$24.:'%+((C)*))t$;<$ll*enpl^$JN$F+#$0WIG$UWLK?$?KU>K$NGK$HPQRUNJMN$QWUQR?K$RO$
wJ??K??jHMTk$NGK$>HJ\HLHNX$RO$jJ$QLJHMNHOOv?k$ILJHP?$\KORUK$IJ?NHMT$J?HSK$jNGK$?QKJ[KUv?k$
JMRMXPHNX^$VGHIG$RMIK$LR?N$IJMMRN$\K$UKIR>KUKS#w$2!%+T77C)e**$.#$0WQQ#$*S$JN$%*%n#$
) 9LNGRWTG$IRWUN?$GJ>K$JSRQNKS$?LHTGNLX$SHOOKUKMN$>KU?HRM?$RO$NGK$NK?N^$wjNkGK$IJ?K$
LJVm$GJ?$\KTWM$NR$IRJLK?IK$JURWMS$NGK$\J?HI$OUJPKVRU[$RO$NGK$NK?N$JUNHIWLJNKS$HM$A+"#:&'+#w$
8#=$JN$%*%l$$5IHNHMT$A+"#:&'+)8"';%C)8"/=)B=)A7+)H7=)W^$een$9#*S$en+$5!#,#$0WQKU#$'N#$9QQ#$3H>#$*))%66#$
(M$A+"#:&'+^$J$IRPQJMX$?WKS$ORWU$JMRMXPRW?$SKOKMSJMN?$VGR$GJS$IUHNHIHfKS$HN$RM$J$:JGRRg$
\WLLKNHM$\RJUS#$een$9#*S$JN$enp&+)#$2GK$IRWUN$?KN$RWN$J$OH>K&QJUN$?NJMSJUS$ORU$K>JLWJNHMT$
?W\QRKMJ?$NGJN$?KK[$NR$HSKMNHOX$JMRMXPRW?$(MNKUMKN$?QKJ[KU?^$WMSKU$VGHIG$NGK$IRWUN$
?GRWLSc$
6J M)I-*B%#)(-[*/KYWHUK$UKJ?RMJ\LK$MRNHIK$NR$NGK$QRNKMNHJL$SKOKMSJMN?$JMS$JM$RQ&QRUNWMHNX$ORU$NGKP$NR$SKOKMS$NGKHU$JMRMXPHNX$\KORUK$H??WJMIK$RO$JMX$?W\QRKMJ $̀
7J L-S')$-*+F-()/)()#G[*/KYWHUK$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$NR$JLLKTK$VHNG$?QKIHOHIHNX$NGK$?QKKIG$RU$IRMSWIN$NGJN$GJ?$JLLKTKSLX$>HRLJNKS$HN?$UHTGN?`$
8J 2"1'$-*0,(),T*\,T)&)#G[*/K>HKV$KJIG$ILJHP$HM$NGK$IRPQLJHMN$NR$KM?WUK$NGJN$HN$?NJNK?$J$IJW?K$RO$JINHRM$WQRM$VGHIG$UKLHKO$PJX$\K$TUJMNKS$\J?KS$RM$KJIG$?NJNKPKMN$JMS$JTJHM?N$KJIG$SKOKMSJMN`$
9J L-S')$-*A"*2I)&-"#),$G*+4%U)"H[*/KYWHUK$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$NR$QURSWIK$K>HSKMIK$?WQQRUNHMT$KJIG$KLKPKMN$RO$HN?$ILJHP? $̀JMS$
:J Q,T,"(-*#4-*2S')#)-1[*;KHTG$NGK$QRNKMNHJL$GJUP$5HO$JMX6$NR$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$OURP$\K&HMT$WMJ\LK$NR$QURIKKS$JTJHM?N$NGK$GJUP$NR$NGK$SKOKMSJMN$OURP$LR?HMT$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN$NR$JMRMXPHNX#$
8#=)JN$e+)&+%#$
$ "NGKU$IRWUN?$GJ>K$JSRQNKS$?LHTGN$>JUHJNHRM?$RM$A+"#:&'+=)(M$A7+)B=)K!4&%%C)ORU$K]JPQLK^$NGK$
3KLJVJUK$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$UWLKS$NGJN$JM$KLKINKS$ROOHIHJL$VGR$?WKS$R>KU$?NJNKPKMN?$JNNJI[HMT$GH?$
%d$
OHNMK??$NR$GRLS$ROOHIK$IRWLS$HSKMNHOX$NGK$JMRMXPRW?$RMLHMK$?QKJ[KU?$RMLX$HO$GK$IRWLS$QWN$
ORUVJUS$?WOOHIHKMN$K>HSKMIK$NR$K?NJ\LH?G$J$QUHPJ$OJIHK$IJ?K$RM$JLL$KLKPKMN?$RO$J$SKOJPJNHRM$ILJHP$
VHNGHM$GH?$IRMNURL^$HMILWSHMT$K>HSKMIK$NGJN$NGK$?NJNKPKMN?$VKUK$OJL?K#$ttl$9#*S$ln% $̂l+) $̂l+%$
53KL#$*))n6#$1MSKU$NGK$K!4&%%)?NJMSJUS $̂QLJHMNHOO?$?GRWLS$RMLX$R\NJHM$NGK$UKYWK?NKS$SH?IR>KUX$HO$
NGKX$IJM$QWN$ORUNG$JN$LKJ?N$KMRWTG$K>HSKMIK$NR$?WU>H>K$J$PRNHRM$ORU$?WPPJUX$ZWSTPKMN#$8#=)JN$
lne#$2GK$3H?NUHIN$RO$9UHfRMJ$JQQLHKS$K!4&%%G<)?WPPJUX$ZWSTPKMN$NK?N$HM$UKOW?HMT$NR$KMORUIK$J$
?W\QRKMJ$NR$HSKMNHOX$NGK$JWNGRU?$RO$QR?NHMT?$IUHNHIHfHMT$NGK$8K?N$;K?NKUM$PRNKL$IGJHM$VGKUK$NGK$
QLJHMNHOO$SHS$MRN$QUK?KMN$JMX$K>HSKMIK$NGJN$NGK$3RK$SKOKMSJMN?$GJS$VUHNNKM$JMXNGHMT$OJL?K#$E+<')
?+<'+:")8"'G%C)8"/=)B=)A7+C)*))+$;<$*)p%+pn$53#$9UHf#$,WLX$*n^$*))+6#$9MS$HM$N/N!"")B=)A7+^$NGK$
IRWUN$UKLHKS$RM$'JGHLL$JMS$8K?N$;K?NKUM$HM$UKZKINHMT$J$LJV?WHN$\X$J$GRPK\WHLSKU$JTJHM?N$NGK$
JMRMXPRW?$RQKUJNRU$RO$JMRNGKU$IUHNHIJL$VK\?HNK#$l+)$.#$0WQQ#$*S$*np#$2GK$IRWUN$SKMHKS$J$
PRNHRM$ORU$LKJ>K$NR$?W\QRKMJ$NGK$VK\?HNKv?$GR?N^$GRLSHMT$NGJN$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$GJS$OJHLKS$NR$?NJNK$J$
ILJHP$ORU$JMX$IJW?K$RO$JINHRM$NGJN$ZW?NHOHKS$>HRLJNHMT$NGK$SKOKMSJMNv?$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN$
NR$?QKJ[$JMRMXPRW?LX#)8##$!')VXY=$
$ 3K?QHNK$PHMRU$>JUHJNHRM?$HM$NGK$NK?N?^$KJIG$UKYWHUK?$NGK$K??KMNHJL$?NKQ$RO$KM?WUHMT$
NGJN$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN?$JUK$MRN$NUJPPKLKS$WMMKIK??JUHLX$\X$aIRM?HSKUjHMTk$NGK$HP&
QRUNJMN$>JLWK$RO$JMRMXPRW?$?QKKIG$\JLJMIKS$JTJHM?N$J$=JUNXv?$MKKS$ORU$UKLK>JMN$SH?IR>KUX$
HM$J$IH>HL$JINHRM#b$8"):+)J"7"1>7.<),"%&"+)29+!0+:<C)*)%%$;<$+%+dn $̂JN$F+#$2GW?^$IRWUN?$PW?N^$JN$J$
PHMHPWP^$UK>HKV$J$QLJHMNHOOv?$ILJHP?$JMS$NGK$K>HSKMIK$?WQQRUNHMT$NGKP$NR$KM?WUK$NGJN$NGK$
QLJHMNHOO$GJ?$J$?WOOHIHKMN$\J?H?$ORU$QHKUIHMT$J$?QKJ[KUv?$JMRMXPHNX#l$
4 See also, e.g., Pilchesky v. Gatelli, ---A.3d---, 2011 WL 17520 (Pa. Super. Ct. Jan. 5, 2011); Mortgage Specialists v. Implode-Explode Heavy Indus., 999 A.2d 184 (N.H. 2010); Solers, Inc. v. Doe, 977 A.2d 941 (D.C. 2009); Indep. Newspapers v. Brodie, 966 A.2d 432 (Md. 2009); Sinclair v. TubeSockTedD, 596 F. Supp. 2d 128 (D.D.C. 2009); Doe I and Doe II v. Individuals whose true names are unknown, 561 F. Supp 2d 249 (D. Conn. 2008); London-Sire Records v. Doe 1, 542 F. Supp. 2d 153 (D. Mass. 2008); Krinsky v. Doe 6, 159 Cal. App. 4th 1154 (Cal. App. 2008); Greenbaum v. Google, Inc., 845 N.Y.S.2d 695 (N.Y. Sup. 2007); In re Does 1-10, 242 S.W.3d 805 (Tex. App. 2007); Mobilisa v. Doe, 170 P.3d 712 (Ariz. App. 2007); Highfields Capital Mgmt. v. Doe, 385 F. Supp. 2d 969 (N.D. Cal. 2005); Sony Music Entm't v. Does 1-40, 326 F. Supp. 2d 556 (S.D.N.Y. 2004); Columbia Ins. Co. v. Seescandy.com, 185 F.R.D. 573 (N.D. Cal. 1999).
%l$
!!J CT,)"#)//*0,)T-&*#%*M)I-*B%#)(-*#%*Z-/-"&,"#*Y4-"*@-*?)$('.I-"#-&*]-"#'(EGX1*L'T-1*%/*?)I)T*C$%(-&'$-*,"&*!11'-&*,"*23*C,$#-*,"&*N"#).-TG*+'5F%-",*#%*M%%HT-R*!"(J**
AJ Z-/-"&,"#*C$%I)&-&*B%*B%#)(-*
;GKM$J?[KS$NR$?W\QRKMJ$JMRMXPRW?$(MNKUMKN$?QKJ[KU?^$IRWUN?$?GRWLS$KM?WUK$
NGJN$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$GJ?$WMSKUNJ[KM$NGK$\K?N$KOORUN?$J>JHLJ\LK$NR$MRNHOX$NGK$?QKJ[KU$NGJN$NGKX$
JUK$NGK$?W\ZKIN$RO$J$?W\QRKMJ^$JMS$NGKM$VHNGGRLS$JMX$JINHRM$ORU$J$UKJ?RMJ\LK$QKUHRS$RO$
NHPK$?R$NGJN$NGK$SKOKMSJMN?$GJ>K$NHPK$NR$UKNJHM$IRWM?KL#$A7+)B=)K!4&%%^$ttl$9#*S$ln%^$l+%$
53KL#$*))n6#$2GK$QWUQR?K$RO$UKYWHUHMT$MRNHIK$NR$NGK$JMRMXPRW?$SKOKMSJMN?$IJM$\K$?KU>KS$
RMLX$HO$SKOKMSJMN?$JUK$JLLRVKS$KMRWTG$NHPK$NR$UK?QRMS$NR$QLJHMNHOOA?$?GRVHMT$RO$NGK$
\J?H?$ORU$SH?ILR?WUK_RUSHMJUHLX^$JN$LKJ?N$J?$PWIG$NHPK$J?$VRWLS$\K$JLLRVKS$JONKU$UKIKHQN$
RO$J$PRNHRM$ORU$?WPPJUX$ZWSTPKMN#$(M$NGH?$IJ?K^$=LJHMNHOO$IRWLS$KJ?HLX$GJ>K$?RWTGN$NR$
QUR>HSK$MRNHIK$NGURWTG$NGK$?JPK$PKJM?$GK$W?KS$NR$?KMS$NGK$'RPQLJHMN$JMS$@RNHRMc$
3KOKMSJMNA?$KPJHL$JSSUK??#$"U^$=LJHMNHOO$IRWLS$GJ>K$QR?NKS$J$IRPPKMN$RM$?!'/4&"*)@!0+)
$!1"+)UKTJUSHMT$NGK$K]H?NKMIK$RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ#$9N$PHMHPWP^$=LJHMNHOO$PHTGN$GJ>K$
QLJIKS$J$IRQX$RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$HM$NGK$'RWUN$OHLK#$(M$LHTGN$RO$NGK$LJI[$RO$MRNHIK$GKUK^$JMS$
NGK$UK?WLNHMT$LJI[$RO$JS>KU?JUHJL$QUK?KMNJNHRM$QUKIKSHMT$H??WJMIK$RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ^$NGH?$
'RWUN$?GRWLS$>HKV$NGK$QURQUHKNX$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$?W\QRKMJ$VHNG$?[KQNHIH?P#$$
8KIJW?K$=LJHMNHOO$SHS$MRN$QUR>HSK$MRNHIK$NR$NGK$3KOKMSJMN$RO$NGK$K]H?NKMIK$RO$J$
?W\QRKMJ^$3KOKMSJMN$H?$HM$NGK$JV[VJUS$QR?HNHRM$RO$UK?QRMSHMT$NR$NGK$QURQUHKNX$RO$J$
?W\QRKMJ$\KORUK$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$K>KM$JNNKPQNKS$NR$PJ[K$NGK$UKYWHUKS$?GRVHMT$WMSKU$
.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$ZWUH?QUWSKMIK#$
%n$
QJ CT,)"#)//X1*+'5F%-",*\)%T,#-1*21#,5T)14-&*?)I)T*C$%(-&'$-*
(M$IRMNUJ>KMNHRM$RO$MWPKURW?$/WLK?$RO$'H>HL$=URIKSWUK^$=LJHMNHOO$IJUKOWLLX$IUJONKS$
GH?$?W\QRKMJ$NR$J>RHS$QUR>HSHMT$3KOKMSJMN$MRNHIK$NGJN$GH?$JMRMXPHNX$JMS$QKU?RMJL$
HMORUPJNHRM$VKUK$WMSKU$JNNJI[#$$
%# =LJHMNHOO$3HS$!RN$'KUNHOX$7H?$0W\QRKMJ$NR$3KOKMSJMN$
'/$ln#)%$UKTWLJNK?$NGK$ORUP$JMS$H??WJMIK$RO$?W\QRKMJ?`$HN$UKYWHUK?$NGJN$NGK$QJUNX$
H??WHMT$J$?W\QRKMJ$a?GJLL$\K$IKUNHOHKS$NR$NGK$RQQR?HMT$QJUNX$JMS$NR$JMX$QKU?RM$VGR?K$
HMORUPJNHRM$H?$\KHMT$UKYWK?NKS#b$=LJHMNHOO$OHLKS$?WHN$RM$9QUHL$%%`$GK$H??WKS$J$?W\QRKMJ$NR$
ERRTLK$RM$9QUHL$%*$\X$?KU>HMT$ERRTLKA?$JTKMN$ORU$?KU>HIK$RO$QURIK??$HM$CKMNWI[X^$
'RUQRUJNHRM$0KU>HIK$'RPQJMX#$=LJHMNHOO$KPJHLKS$NGK$3KOKMSJMN$J$IRQX$RO$NGK$'RPQLJHMN$
JMS$@RNHRM$ORU$(MZWMINHRM$RM$9QUHL$%l#$:KN^$=LJHMNHOO$SHS$MRN$HMILWSK$J$IRQX$RO$NGK$
?W\QRKMJ$H??WKS$NR$ERRTLK$HM$NGH?$KPJHL$NR$3KOKMSJMN#$2++$234)5)#*78#$(M$OJIN^$
3KOKMSJMNA?$RMLX$MRNHIK$NGJN$J$?W\QRKMJ$VJ?$H??WKS$VJ?$OURP$ERRTLK$HN?KLO$HM$JM$9QUHL$
%n$KPJHL_MRN$OURP$=LJHMNHOO$JMS$MRN$OURP$NGK$'RWUN$OHLK#$2++)234)5)#$79#$=LJHMNHOO$H??WKS$
J$?W\QRKMJ$VHNGRWN$WMSKUNJ[HMT$UKJ?RMJ\LK$KOORUN?$NR$MRNHOX$3KOKMSJMN$RO$NGK$K]H?NKMIK$
RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ^$SK?QHNK$J>JHLHMT$GHP?KLO$RO$NGK$3KOKMSJMNA?$KPJHL$JSSUK??$NR$?KMS$GHP$
NGK$'RPQLJHMN$JMS$@RNHRM$ORU$(MZWMINH>K$/KLHKO#$$
*# =LJHMNHOO$0KK[?$=URSWINHRM$RO$3RIWPKMN?$RWN?HSK$J$SKQR?HNHRM^$GKJUHMT^$RU$NUHJL$JMS$VHNGRWN$9TUKKPKMN$RO$NGK$=JUNHK?$JMS$JM$"USKU$OURP$NGK$'RWUN$
2GK$+Z)9!:'+$?W\QRKMJ$H??WKS$\X$=LJHMNHOO$H?$J$?W\QRKMJ$SWIK?$NKIWP$NGJN$VRWLS$
UKYWHUK$QURSWINHRM$RO$SRIWPKMN?^$\WN$MR$NK?NHPRMX#$a0W\QRKMJ?$?GJLL$MRN$\K$W?KS$ORU$
JMX$QWUQR?K$K]IKQN$NR$IRPPJMS$NGK$JNNKMSJMIK$RO$NGK$VHNMK??$JMSDRU$QURSWINHRM$RO$
SRIWPKMNJUX$RU$RNGKU$NJMTH\LK$K>HSKMIK$!')!)#+97<&'&7"C)4+!:&"*)7:)':&!%`$WMLK??$NGK$QJUNHK?$
%+$
JTUKK$NGJN$QURSWINHRM$PJX$\K$PJSK$VHNGRWN$J$SKQR?HNHRM#b$'/$ln#)%$5KPQGJ?H?$JSSKS6#$
2GH?$?W\QRKMJ$SWIK?$NKIWP$VRWLS$UKYWHUK$QURSWINHRM$RO$SRIWPKMN?^$\WN$MRN$J$
SKQR?HNHRM^$GKJUHMT^$RU$NUHJL#$"MLX$NGK$QJUNHK?A$JTUKKPKMN$IJM$>JLHSJNK$?WIG$J$?W\QRKMJ$
JMS$NGK$QJUNHK?$SR$MRN$JTUKK#$EH>KM$NGJN$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$VJ?$H??WKS$VHNGRWN$JMX$KOORUN$NR$
MRNHOX$3KOKMSJMN$RO$NGK$K]H?NKMIK$RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ^$GRV$IRWLS$NGK$QJUNHK?$JTUKKh$9TJHM^$
NGH?$'RWUN$?GRWLS$>HKV$=LJHMNHOOA?$VHLLHMTMK??$NR$H??WK$JM$HM>JLHS$?W\QRKMJ_RMK$H??WKS$
HM$SHUKIN$IRMOLHIN$VHNG$NGK$IH>HL$UWLK?_VHNG$?[KQNHIH?P#$$$
d# =LJHMNHOO$(??WKS$JM$(M>JLHS$0W\QRKMJ$0RRMKU$NGJM$9LLRVKS$WMSKU$NGK$'H>HL$/WLK?$
2R$IRPQLX$VHNG$NGK$'H>HL$/WLK?^$=LJHMNHOOA?$?W\QRKMJ$?GRWLS$GJ>K$\KKM$H??WKS$HM$
IRMMKINHRM$VHNG$ J$ SKQR?HNHRM^$ GKJUHMT^$ RU$ NUHJL#$ 9?$ ?GRVM$ J\R>K^$ =LJHMNHOO$ SHS$ MRN$ SR$
NGH?#$(M?NKJS^$=LJHMNHOO$?HPQLX$H??WKS$JM$+Z)9!:'+$?W\QRKMJ$HPPKSHJNKLX$JONKU$OHLHMT$?WHN#$
7JS$=LJHMNHOO$IRPQLHKS$VHNG$NGK$UWLK$UKYWHUHMT$J$?W\QRKMJ$\K$H??WKS$HM$IRMMKINHRM$NR$J$
SKQR?HNHRM^$=LJHMNHOO$VRWLS$GJ>K$JL?R$GJ>K$GJS$NR$IRPQLX$VHNG$'/$d)#)%$VGHIG$ORU\HS?$
NJ[HMT$ SKQR?HNHRM?$ QUHRU$ NR$ d)$ SJX?$ ORLLRVHMT$ NGK$ OHLHMT$ RO$ J$ ?WHN#$ a$ aj(kO$ NGK$ QLJHMNHOO$
?KK[?$ NR$ NJ[K$J$SKQR?HNHRM$QUHRU$ NR$ NGK$K]QHUJNHRM$RO$d)$SJX?$JONKU$?KU>HIK$RO$?WPPRM?$
WQRM$NGK$SKOKMSJMN^b$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$PW?N$?KK[$NGK$LKJ>K$RO$IRWUN$NR$H??WK$NGK$?W\QRKMJ_
LKJ>K$NGJN^$NR$3KOKMSJMNA?$[MRVLKSTK^$=LJHMNHOO$SHS$MRN$?KK[$HM$NGH?$JINHRM$RM$RU$\KORUK$
9QUHL$%*^$*)%%$VGKM$=LJHMNHOO$H??WKS$NGK$+Z)9!:'+$?W\QRKMJ#$$$
l# =LJHMNHOO$.JHLKS$NR$.RLLRV$NGK$=URIKSWUK$ORU$2J[HMT$3KQR?HNHRM?$"WN?HSK$NGK$0NJNK$
2GKUK$K]H?N?$J$VKLL&K?NJ\LH?GKS$PKNGRS$ORU$NJ[HMT$NGK$SKQR?HNHRM$RO$MRMQJUNHK?$
UK?HSHMT$RWN?HSK$NGK$?NJNK#$2GH?$QURIK??$H?$SK?HTMKS$NR$QURNKIN$JLL$QJUNHK?$JMS$HM?WUK$NGJN$
aK>KUX$PKNGRS$RQKUJNK?$VHNGHM$NGK$JS>KU?JUHJL$MJNWUK$RO$RWU$ZW?NHIK$?X?NKP#b$U+!:1)B=)
2/4:7+:&"*^$pep$0#;#$*S$%dl^$%dn&%d+$5CX#$9QQ#$%ppt6#$2GK$U+!:1$'RWUN$K]QLJHMKSc$$$$
%e$
2GK$CKMNWI[X$/WLK?$RO$'H>HL$=URIKSWUK$QUR>HSK$NGK$PKJM?$\X$VGHIG$QJUNHK?$IJM$R\NJHM$HMORUPJNHRM^$HMILWSHMT$NK?NHPRMX$JMS$SRIWPKMN?^$RO$J$MRMQJUNX$VHNMK??#$2GK$'H>HL$/WLK?$QUR>HSK$J$OJHU$PKJM?$RO$R\NJHMHMT$SH?IR>KUX$\X$HM?WUHMT$NGJN$K>KUX$PKNGRS$RQKUJNK?$VHNGHM$NGK$JS>KU?JUHJL$MJNWUK$RO$RWU$ZW?NHIK$?X?NKP#$->KUX$PKNGRS$RO$R\NJHMHMT$HMORUPJNHRM$VHNGHM$RWU$'H>HL$/WLK?$QUR>HSK?$NGJN$MRNHIK$?GRWLS$\K$TH>KM$NR$NGK$RNGKU$QJUNHK?$JMS$NGJN$NGK$RNGKU$QJUNHK?$GJ>K$NGK$UHTGN$NR$\K$QUK?KMN$JMS$QURNKIN$NGKHU$HMNKUK?N?#$0QKIHOHIJLLX^$NGK$'H>HL$/WLK?$QUR>HSK$NGJN$NR$R\NJHM$SRIWPKMN?$OURP$J$MRMQJUNX^$RMK$PW?N$?KU>K$J$?W\QRKMJ$JLRMT$VHNG$J$MRNHIK$NR$NJ[K$J$SKQR?HNHRM$WMSKU$'/$d)#)%^$d)#)*^$ln#)%$JMS$ln#)*#$2GK$'RWUN$HM$@WMURK$>#$CKMNWI[X$8JU$9??RIHJNHRM^$CX#^$p*e$0#;#*S$tdp$5%pp+6^$GKLS$NGJN$HN$VJ?$HPQURQKU$NR$W?K$JM$K]$QJUNK$?W\QRKMJ$NR$R\NJHM$HMORUPJNHRM#$2GK$?W\QRKMJ$PW?N$\K$W?KS$HM$IRMZWMINHRM$VHNG$J$MRNHIK$NR$NJ[K$J$SKQR?HNHRM$RU$GKJUHMT#$'/$ln#)%$?NJNK?$NGJN$J$?W\QRKMJ$?GJLL$RMLX$\K$W?KS$ORU$J$SKQR?HNHRM^$GKJUHMT$RU$NUHJL#$2GK$UKYWHUKPKMN$RO$J$SKQR?HNHRM$RU$GKJUHMT$HM>R[K?$NGK$MKIK??JUX$MRNHIK$NR$RQQR?HMT$IRWM?KL$JMS$NGK$UHTGN$NR$\K$QUK?KMN$NR$QURNKIN$GH?$RU$GKU$HMNKUK?N?#$$U+!:1$JN$%dn&%d+#$$
9MS^$NGK$'RWUN$K]QLJHMKS^$$
1MLK??$NGK$QJUNHK?$RNGKUVH?K$JTUKK^$RWU$'H>HL$/WLK?$QUR>HSK$NGK$PKJM?$\X$VGHIG$EUJMN$JMS$;KLSHMT$IJM$R\NJHM$EKJUXv?$PKSHIJL$HMORUPJNHRM#$2GK$'H>HL$/WLK?$QUR>HSK$ORU$SKQR?HNHRM?$ORU$JLL$MRMQJUNX$VHNMK??K?$?WIG$J?$PKSHIJL$UKIRUS$IW?NRSHJM?^$SRINRU?^$MWU?K?^$JMS$RNGKU$IJUK$TH>KU?#$2GK$'H>HL$/WLK?$JL?R$QUR>HSK$ORU$SKQR?HNHRM?$NR$\K$NJ[KM$RWN$RO$?NJNK#$'/$*t#)*#$(M$IJ?K?$VGKUK$VHNMK??K?$SR$MRN$UK?HSK$HM$CKMNWI[X^$?W\QRKMJ?$JUK$H??WKS$>HJ$LKNNKU?$URTJNRUX$HM$RUSKU$NR$NJ[K$NGK$SKQR?HNHRM?$RO$NGR?K$VHNMK??K?#$0KK$TKMKUJLLX^$a9$=UJINHIJL$EWHSK$2R$(MNKU?NJNK$3KQR?HNHRM$0W\QRKMJ?^b$CX#$8KMIG$q$8JU$t^$4RL#$nt^$!R#$*^$50QUHMT$%ppl6#$(N$H?$MRN$JM$WMSWK$GJUS?GHQ$\WN$PKUKLX$NGK$PKJM?$RO$NJ[HMT$SH?IR>KUX$NGJN$H?$OWMSJPKMNJLLX$OJHU$NR$\RNG$?HSK?#$$ U+!:1$JN$%d+#$$
$
ERRTLK^$(MI#$H?$J$PWLNHMJNHRMJL$IRUQRUJNHRM$VHNG$IRUQRUJNK$GKJSYWJUNKU?$HM$
'JLHORUMHJ#$ERRTLK$H?$MRN$J$QJUNX$HM$=LJHMNHOOA?$?WHN#$ERRTLK$H?$J$MRM&QJUNX^$RWN&RO&?NJNK$
IRUQRUJNHRM`$NGH?$'RWUN$SRK?$MRN$GJ>K$TKMKUJL$ZWUH?SHINHRM$R>KU$ERRTLK#$/JNGKU^$NGH?$
%t$
'RWUN$GJ?$LHPHNKS$ZWUH?SHINHRM#$2GJN$ZWUH?SHINHRM$SRK?$MRN$K]NKMS$NR$NGK$QRVKU$NR$
?W\QRKMJ$J$MRM&QJUNX^$RWN&RO&?NJNK$IRUQRUJNHRM$NR$NK?NHOX$HM$NGH?$?NJNK#$ERRTLK$H?$J$
UK?HSKMN$RO$3KLJVJUK#$2++$9UNHILK?$RO$(MIRUQRUJNHRM$JN$234)5)#$7:#$a9$IRUQRUJNHRM$H?$J$
UK?HSKMN$RO$NGK$?NJNK$HM$VGHIG$HN$H?$HMIRUQRUJNKS$JMS$MRN$J$UK?HSKMN$RU$HMGJ\HNJMN$RO$JMX$
RNGKU$?NJNK^$JLNGRWTG$HN$PJX$\K$KMTJTKS$HM$\W?HMK??$HM$JMX$RNGKU$?NJNK#b$R&/4!:#)B=)
M:!"0%&")K7."'1)A&<'&%%&"*)K7=^$dt$.#0WQQ#$n%d^$n%n&n%+$53#'#C:$%pl%6#$$
9?$?GRVM$J\R>K^$GJS$=LJHMNHOO$H??WKS$NGK$?W\QRKMJ$QURQKULX^$HN$VRWLS$GJ>K$\KKM$
H??WKS$HM$IRMZWMINHRM$VHNG$MRNHIK$NR$NJ[K$J$SKQR?HNHRM#$5.RU^$J\?KMN$JM$JTUKKPKMN$RO$NGK$
QJUNHK?^$J$?W\QRKMJ$NR$R\NJHM$HMORUPJNHRM$aPW?N$\K$W?KS$HM$IRMZWMINHRM$VHNG$J$MRNHIK$NR$
NJ[K$J$SKQR?HNHRM$RU$GKJUHMT#b$U+!:1$JN$%dn#$2GK$CKMNWI[X$/WLK?$RO$'H>HL$=URIKSWUK$
SK?IUH\K$J$ILKJU$QURIK??$\X$VGHIG$QJUNHK?$PJX$NJ[K$SKQR?HNHRM?$RWN?HSK$NGH?$?NJNK#$'/$
*t#)*$?JX?^$ajSkKQR?HNHRM?$PJX$\K$NJ[KM$RWN$RO$NGH?$?NJNKm\KORUK$JMX$QKU?RM$KPQRVKUKS$
\X$J$IRPPH??HRM$SHUKINKS$NR$GHP$\X$IRM?KMN$RO$NGK$QJUNHK?$RU$\X$RUSKU$RO$NGK$IRWUN#b$
=LJHMNHOO$?GRWLS$GJ>K$PJSK$J$@RNHRM$ORU$9QQRHMNPKMN$RO$'RPPH??HRM$NR$NGH?$'RWUN$JMS^$
HO$TUJMNKS^$NJ[KM$NGJN$JQQRHMNPKMN$NR$3KLJVJUK$JMS$?RWTGN$JM$RUSKU$OURP$J$3KLJVJUK$
IRWUN$NR$NJ[K$NGK$SKQR?HNHRM$RO$ERRTLK^$(MI#$$
2R$J\HSK$\X$NGK$QURIK??$UKYWHUKS$\X$NGK$'H>HL$/WLK?^$GRVK>KU^$VRWLS$GJ>K$
UKYWHUKS$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$NR$OHLK$J$PRNHRM$VHNG$NGH?$'RWUN$JMS$UH?[$NGK$QR??H\HLHNX$RO$
QUR>HSHMT$3KOKMSJMN$VHNG$MRNHIK$NGJN$GH?$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$JMRMXPRW?LX$
RM$NGK$(MNKUMKN$VJ?$WMSKU$JNNJI[#$(MSKKS^$NGK$=LJHMNHOOA?$IRWU?K$RO$JINHRM$JQQKJU?$
SK?HTMKS$NR$J>RHS$NHQQHMT$ROO$3KOKMSJMN$RO$NGK$K]H?NKMIK$RO$J$?W\QRKMJ$JMS$NR$
IHUIWP>KMN$NGK$UK?NUHINHRM?$JMS$?JOKTWJUS?$IUKJNKS$\X$NGK$'H>HL$/WLK$NR$KM?WUK$NGJN$
SH?IR>KUX$H?$aJS>KU?JUHJL$VHNG$MRNHIK$JMS$J$UHTGN$NR$\K$QUK?KMN#b*U+!:1$JN$%d+#$$
1QRM$OHLHMT$?WHN^$=LJHMNHOO$HPPKSHJNKLX$H??WKS$J$?W\QRKMJ$NGJN$VJ?$MRN$IRMMKINKS$
NR$J$SKQR?HNHRM$J?$NGK$'H>HL$/WLK?$UKYWHUK$JMS$NGJN$VJ?$H??WKS$?RRMKU$NGJM$H?$QKUPHNNKS$
\X$NGK$'H>HL$/WLK?#$=LJHMNHOO$OJHLKS$NR$IKUNHOX$NGH?$?W\QRKMJ$NR$3KOKMSJMN$J?$UKYWHUKS$\X$
NGK$'H>HL$/WLK?#$9MS^$=LJHMNHOO$OJHLKS$NR$TKN$J$IRPPH??HRM$OURP$NGH?$'RWUN$NR$NJ[K$NGK$
%p$
SKQR?HNHRM$RO$JM$RWN&RO&?NJNK^$MRM&QJUNX$IRUQRUJNHRM#$2GK$QURIKSWUJL$SKOHIHKMIHK?$UKMSKU$
NGK$=LJHMNHOOA?$?W\QRKMJ$>RHS$JMS$WMKMORUIKJ\LK$JTJHM?N$ERRTLK^$(MI#$.WUNGKU^$NGKX$
JQQKJU$SK?HTMKS$NR$J>RHS$QUR>HSHMT$3KOKMSJMN$MRNHIK$RO$NGK$K]H?NKMIK$RO$NGK$?W\QRKMJ#$
.RU$NGK$QURIKSWUJL$SKOHIHKMIHK?$JLRMK^$NGH?$'RWUN$?GRWLS$YWJ?G$NGH?$?W\QRKMJ$JMS$
UKYWHUK$=LJHMNHOO$NR$H??WK$J$?W\QRKMJ$NGJN$IRPQLHK?$VHNG$NGK$?JOKTWJUS?$JMS$QURNKINHRM?$
QUR>HSKS$NR$LHNHTJMN?$\X$CKMNWI[XA?$/WLK?$RO$'H>HL$=URIKSWUK$JMS$CKMNWI[X$LJV#$$$
(((# CT,)"#)//*O'1#*+F-()/)(,TTG*ATT-H-*#4-*+F--(4*%$*?%"&'(#*#4,#*@-*ATT-H-1*\)%T,#-&*@)1*L)H4#1$
2GK$YWJLHOHKS$QUH>HLKTK$NR$?QKJ[$JMRMXPRW?LX$UKYWHUK?$J$IRWUN$NR$UK>HKV$J$
QLJHMNHOOA?$ILJHP?$NR$KM?WUK$NGJN$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$GJ?$J$>JLHS$UKJ?RM$ORU$QHKUIHMT$J$?QKJ[KUA?$
JMRMXPHNX#$A+"#:&'+^$een$9#*S$JN$e+)#$9?$JM$HMHNHJL$?NKQ^$IRWUN?$UKYWHUK$J$QLJHMNHOO$NR$?NJNK$
NGKHU$ILJHP?$VHNG$?QKIHOHIHNX_?R$NGJN$SKOKMSJMN?$[MRV$NGK$K]JIN$?QKKIG$RU$IRMSWIN$
JLLKTKS$NR$\K$JINHRMJ\LK$JMS$?R$IRWUN?$IJM$PJ[K$JM$JSKYWJNK$QUKLHPHMJUX$J??K??PKMN$RO$
PKUHN#$8##$7KUK^$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$JLLKTKS$\RNG$SKOJPJNHRM$JMS$HM>J?HRM$RO$QUH>JIX#$
7RVK>KU^$GH?$'RPQLJHMN$SHS$MRN$?QKIHOX$VGHIG$?NJNKPKMN?$GK$JLLKTKS$NR$\K$SKOJPJNRUX$
JMS$VGHIG$?NJNKPKMN?$GK$JLLKTKS$HM>JSKS$GH?$QUH>JIX#$.WUNGKU^$=LJHMNHOO$?NJNK?$NGK$
ROOKMSHMT$?NJNKPKMN?$aJUK$MRN$LHPHNKS$NRb$NGK$LH?N$QUR>HSKS$HM$NGK$'RPQLJHMN#$2++$
'RPQLJHMN^$Q#$*#$$.HMJLLX^$PJMX$RO$NGK$a?NJNKPKMN?b$HM$=LJHMNHOOA?$LH?N$JUK$J$OKV$VRUS?$
LHONKS$RWN$RO$NGKHU$IRMNK]N`$RU^$VRU?K^$NGK$a?NJNKPKMN?b$JUK$QJUJQGUJ?K?$RO$3KOKMSJMNA?$
VRUS?#$$
=LJHMNHOO$PW?N$?NJNK$VGHIG$LJMTWJTK^$?QKIHOHIJLLX$JMS$KMNHUKLX^$GK$JLLKTK?$H?$
SKOJPJNRUX$JMS$VGHIG$LJMTWJTK$GK$JLLKTK?$HM>JSK?$GH?$=LJHMNHOOA?$QUH>JIX#$3KOKMSJMN$
GJ?$JLUKJSX$K]QLJHMKS$NGH?$R\LHTJNHRM$NR$=LJHMNHOO$HM$J$@JX$*l$LKNNKU#$2++$234)5)#*76#$
3K?QHNK$3KOKMSJMNA?$@JX$*l$UKYWK?N^$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$XKN$NR$?NJNK$GH?$ILJHP?$VHNG$?QKIHOHIHNX$
?R$NGJN$NGK$'RWUN$PHTGN$UK>HKV$NGK$PKUHN$RO$NGR?K$ILJHP?#$
=LJHMNHOOA?$R\LHTJNHRM$NR$?NJNK$GH?$ILJHP$VHNG$?QKIHOHIHNX$H?$MRN$LHPHNKS$NR$
*)$
?QKIHOHIJLLX$HSKMNHOXHMT$NGK$ROOKMSHMT$LJMTWJTK$JMS$NGK$JLLKTKS$GJUP$NGJN$LJMTWJTK$
IJW?KS`$=LJHMNHOO$H?$R\LHTKS$NR$?QKIHOX$VGJN$SJPJTK?^$HO$JMX$GK$GJ?$JLLKTKSLX$?WOOKUKS$J?$
J$UK?WLN$RO$3KOKMSJMNA?$?QKKIG#$=LJHMNHOOA?$ILJHP$GJ?$JLLKTKS$NGJN$GK$H?$a?KUHRW?LX$
JTTUHK>KSb$\X$3KOKMSJMNA?$JINHRM?$JMS$a?WOOKUKS$JMS$IRMNHMWK?$NR$?WOOKU$?K>KU$
KP\JUUJ??PKMN^$GWPHLHJNHRM^$PKMNJL$JMTWH?G^$LR?N$\W?HMK??$RQQRUNWMHNHK?^$JMS$SJPJTK$
NR$GH?$UKQWNJNHRM$JMS$TRRSVHLL#b$=LJHMNHOO$PW?N$?QKIHOX$JMS$QUR>HSK$K>HSKMNHJUX$?WQQRUN$
ORU$NGK?K$ILJHPKS$SJPJTK?$HM$RUSKU$NR$JLLRV$NGK$'RWUN$NR$UK>HKV$VGKNGKU$RU$MRN$=LJHMNHOO$
GJ?$J$>JLHS$UKJ?RM$ORU$NUKJSHMT$WQRM$3KOKMSJMNA?$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$JMRMXPRW?LX$J?$
TWJUJMNKKS$\X$RWU$'RM?NHNWNHRM#$$$
2GK$1MHNKS$0NJNK?$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$GKLS$HM$U+:'[)B=)R7F+:')?+%/4C)8"/=$NGJN$NGK$
'RM?NHNWNHRM$UKYWHUK?$=LJHMNHOO?$NR$\KJU$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$QUR>HMT$JINWJL$SJPJTK$HM$J$
SKOJPJNHRM$?WHN#$a0NJNK?$PJX$MRN$QKUPHN$UKIR>KUX$RO$9:+<.>+#$RU$QWMHNH>K$SJPJTK?^$JN$
LKJ?N$VGKM$LHJ\HLHNX$H?$MRN$\J?KS$RM$J$?GRVHMT$RO$[MRVLKSTK$RO$OJL?HNX$RU$UKI[LK??$
SH?UKTJUS$ORU$NGK$NUWNG#b$U+:'[$JN$dlp#$-PQGJ?H?$JSSKS#$2GJN$H?^$=LJHMNHOOA?$SJPJTK?$PJX$
MRN$\K$QUK?WPKS^$\WN$UJNGKU$=LJHMNHOO$H?$UKYWHUKS$WMSKU$U+:'[$NR$QUR>HSK$K>HSKMNHJUX$
?WQQRUN$ORU$NGK$JINWJL$SJPJTK?$GK$ILJHP?#$2GK$'RWUN$UKIRTMHfKS$NGJN^$a2GK$LJUTKLX$
WMIRMNURLLKS$SH?IUKNHRM$RO$ZWUHK?$NR$JVJUS$SJPJTK?$VGKUK$NGKUK$H?$MR$LR??$WMMKIK??JUHLX$
IRPQRWMS?$NGK$QRNKMNHJL$RO$JMX$?X?NKP$RO$LHJ\HLHNX$ORU$SKOJPJNRUX$OJL?KGRRS$NR$HMGH\HN$
NGK$>HTRURW?$K]KUIH?K$RO$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$OUKKSRP?#b$U+:'[$JN$dlp#$1MSKU$NGK$
'RM?NHNWNHRM^$=LJHMNHOO$IJMMRN$?HPQLX$IRPQLJHM$RO$GJUP$JMS$NGK$'RWUN$IJMMRN$QUK?WPK$
GJUP#$/JNGKU^$=LJHMNHOO$PW?N$?WQQRUN$?WIG$IRPQLJHMN?$VHNG$K>HSKMIK$RO$GJUP#$$
!\J P4-*?%'$#*O'1#*L-I)-U*2,(4*?T,).*)"*#4-*?%.FT,)"#*#%*2"1'$-*#4,#*)#*+#,#-1*,*?,'1-*%/*A(#)%"*NF%"*Y4)(4*L-T)-/*O,G*5-*M$,"#-&*
"MIK$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$?QKIHOHIJLLX$JUNHIWLJNKS$NGK$RUHTHM?$RO$GH?$JLLKTJNHRM?$RO$
SKOJPJNHRM$JMS$HM>J?HRM$RO$QUH>JIX^$NGK$'RWUN$?GRWLS$UK>HKV$KJIG$ILJHP$J??KUNKS$\X$=LJHMNHOO$
*%$
NR$SKNKUPHMK$VGKNGKU$HN$H?$OJIHJLLX$JINHRMJ\LK#$A+"#:&'+^$een$9#*S$JN$e+)#$8KIJW?K$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$
SKILHMKS$NR$QUR>HSK$J$PRUK$?QKIHOHI$JUNHIWLJNHRM$RO$GH?$ILJHP?$JMS$SJPJTK?^$3KOKMSJMN$VHLL$MRN$
>KMNWUK$NR$TWK??$JN$=LJHMNHOOA?$JLLKTJNHRM?$WMNHL$GK$QUR>HSK?$PRUK$?QKIHOHIHNX^$J?$UKYWHUKS$\X$
NGK?K$QURIKKSHMT?$JMS$NGK$1MHNKS$0NJNK?$'RM?NHNWNHRM#$$
\J CT,)"#)//*O'1#*C$%&'(-*2I)&-"(-*#4,#*+'FF%$#1*2,(4*2T-.-"#*%/*@)1*?T,).1*
(SKMNHOHIJNHRM$RO$JM$RNGKUVH?K$JMRMXPRW?$?QKJ[KU$H?$HN?KLO$J$PJZRU$ORUP$RO$UKLHKO$\KIJW?K$
NGK$SKOKMSJMN$PJX$NGKM$\K$?W\ZKINKS$NR$GJUJ??PKMN^$KIRMRPHI$UKNJLHJNHRM^$RU$RNGKU$ORUP?$RO$
UKNUH\WNHRM#$.RU$NGH?$UKJ?RM^$MR$QKU?RM$?GRWLS$\K$?W\ZKINKS$NR$IRPQWL?RUX$HSKMNHOHIJNHRM$
NGURWTG$J$IRWUNA?$?W\QRKMJ$QRVKU$WMLK??$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$QURSWIK?$?WOOHIHKMN$K>HSKMIK$NR$?GRV$J$
UKJLH?NHI$IGJMIK$RO$VHMMHMT$J$LJV?WHN$JTJHM?N$NGJN$JMRMXPRW?$SKOKMSJMN#$A+"#:&'+^$een$9#*S$JN$
e+)#$9IIRUSHMTLX^$NR$ZW?NHOX$SH?IR>KUX$J$QLJHMNHOO$PW?N$MRN$PKUKLX$VHNG?NJMS$SH?PH??JL^$\WN$PW?N$
QWN$ORUNG$KMRWTG$K>HSKMIK$NR$PKKN$J$?WPPJUX&ZWSTPKMN$?NJMSJUS$\X$IUKJNHMT$TKMWHMK$H??WK?$
RO$PJNKUHJL$OJIN$RM$JLL$H??WK?$HM$NGK$IJ?K$NGJN$JUK$VHNGHM$HN?$IRMNURL#$K!4&%%^$ttl$9#*S$JN$lne`$<++)
2!%+T77)U:7.9^$e**$.#$0WQQ$*S$JN$%*%e$5UKYWHUHMT$K>HSKMIK$RM$KLKPKMN$RO$IRPPKUIHJL$W?K$\KORUK$
JLLRVHMT$SH?IR>KUX$HMNR$JMRMXPRW?$?QKJ[KU?$HM$J$NUJSKPJU[$IJ?K6#$2GH?$UKYWHUKPKMN$QUK>KMN?$
J$QLJHMNHOO$OURP$\KHMT$J\LK$NR$HSKMNHOX$IUHNHI?$?HPQLX$\X$OHLHMT$J$OJIHJLLX$JSKYWJNK$IRPQLJHMN#$2++)
E+<')?+<'+:"^$*))+$;<$*)p%+pn^$JN$Fn`$K!4&%%^$ttl$9#*S$JN$lnt#$$
7KUK^$3KOKMSJMN$H?$?NHLL$VJHNHMT$ORU$=LJHMNHOO$NR$?QKIHOHIJLLX$QLKJS$GH?$JLLKTJNHRM?$JMS$
SJPJTK?#$8WN^$HO$NGK$'RWUN$VKUK$NR$IRMILWSK$NGJN$=LJHMNHOO$IRWLS$VHNG?NJMS$SH?PH??JL$RM$JMX$RMK$
RO$HN?$ILJHP?^$HN$?GRWLS$?NHLL$UKYWHUK$=LJHMNHOO$NR$QWN$ORUVJUS$K>HSKMIK#$2GJN$MKKS$H?$IUWIHJL$GKUK$
ORU$NVR$UKJ?RM?c$=LJHMNHOO$\KJU?$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$QUR>HMT$NGK$OJL?HNX$RO$3KOKMSJMNA?$ILJHP?$JMS$NGK$
\WUSKM$RO$QUR>HMT$NGJN$GK$GJ?$\KKM$SJPJTKS#$$
2GK$1MHNKS$0NJNK?$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$GJ?$GKLS$NGJN$RWU$'RM?NHNWNHRM$UKYWHUK?$QLJHMNHOO?$NR$
\KJU$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$QUR>HMT$JLLKTKSLX$SKOJPJNRUX$?NJNKPKMN?$OJL?K$\KORUK$NGKX$IJM$UKIR>KU$
SJPJTK?#$2GK$'RWUN$\KTJM$\X$UKIRTMHfHMT$NGJN$ajVkGKM$NGK$?QKKIG$H?$RO$QW\LHI$IRMIKUM$JMS$
**$
NGK$QLJHMNHOO$H?$J$QW\LHI$ROOHIHJL$RU$QW\LHI$OHTWUK^$NGK$'RM?NHNWNHRM$ILKJULX$UKYWHUK?$NGK$
QLJHMNHOO$NR$?WUPRWMN$J$PWIG$GHTGKU$\JUUHKU$\KORUK$UKIR>KUHMT$SJPJTK?$OURP$J$PKSHJ$
SKOKMSJMN$NGJM$H?$UJH?KS$\X$NGK$IRPPRM$LJV#b$$4&%!#+%94&!)H+D<9!9+:<C)8"/=)B=)T+99<^$len$
1#0#$e+e^$een^$51#0#^%pt+6#$9MS$NGKM$NGK$'RWUN$RWNLHMKS$NGK$UWLK$HM$LHTGN$RO$NGK$'RWUNA?$IRMIKUM$
NGJN$GHTG$SKPJMS?$RO$NGK$'RM?NHNWNHRMc$$
7KUK^$J?$HM$U+:'[C$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$H?$J$QUH>JNK$OHTWUK$JMS$NGK$MKV?QJQKU$JUNHILK?$JUK$RO$QW\LHI$IRMIKUM#$(M$U+:'[C$J?$HM$H+D)I7:0)3&>+<CNGK$IRPPRM&LJV$UWLK$VJ?$?WQKU?KSKS$\X$J$IRM?NHNWNHRMJL$UWLK#$;K$\KLHK>K$NGJN$NGK$IRPPRM$LJVv?$UWLK$RM$OJL?HNX_NGJN$NGK$SKOKMSJMN$PW?N$\KJU$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$QUR>HMT$NUWNG_PW?N$?HPHLJULX$OJLL$GKUK$NR$J$(%"1#)#'#)%",T*$-S')$-.-"#*#4,#*#4-*FT,)"#)//*5-,$*#4-*5'$&-"*%/*14%U)"H*/,T1)#G^$J?$VKLL$J?$OJWLN^$\KORUK$UKIR>KUHMT$SJPJTK?#$$)8##$JN$ee+#$-PQGJ?H?$JSSKS#$)2GK$'RWUN$UKIRTMHfKS$NGJN^$$
j2kGK$MKKS$NR$KMIRWUJTK$SK\JNK$RM$QW\LHI$H??WK?$NGJN$IRMIKUMKS$NGK$'RWUN$HM$NGK$TR>KUMPKMNJL&UK?NUHINHRM$IJ?K?$H?$RO$IRMIKUM$HM$J$?HPHLJU$PJMMKU$HM$NGH?$IJ?K$HM>RL>HMT$J$QUH>JNK$?WHN$ORU$SJPJTK?c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
8##$-PQGJ?H?$JSSKS#$$
2GK$'RWUN$K]QLJHMKS$NGJN$NGH?$PKJM?$=LJHMNHOO?$VHLL$MRN$JLVJX?$\K$J\LK$NR$UKIR>KU$ORU$
RNGKUVH?K$JINHRMJ\LK$?QKKIG#$$
2GKUK$VHLL$JLVJX?$\K$HM?NJMIK?$VGKM$NGK$OJINOHMSHMT$QURIK??$VHLL$\K$WMJ\LK$NR$UK?RL>K$IRMILW?H>KLX$VGKNGKU$NGK$?QKKIG$H?$NUWK$RU$OJL?K`$HN$H?$HM$
*d$
NGR?K$IJ?K?$NGJN$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$QURRO$H?$SH?QR?HNH>K#$1MSKU$J$UWLK$ORUIHMT$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$NR$\KJU$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$?GRVHMT$OJL?HNX^$NGKUK$VHLL$\K$?RPK$IJ?K?$HM$VGHIG$QLJHMNHOO?$IJMMRN$PKKN$NGKHU$\WUSKM$SK?QHNK$NGK$OJIN$NGJN$NGK$?QKKIG$H?$HM$OJIN$OJL?K#$2GK$QLJHMNHOOv?$?WHN$VHLL$OJHL$SK?QHNK$NGK$OJIN$NGJN^$HM$?RPK$J\?NUJIN$?KM?K^$NGK$?WHN$H?$PKUHNRUHRW?#$0HPHLJULX^$WMSKU$JM$JLNKUMJNH>K$UWLK$QLJIHMT$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$?GRVHMT$NUWNG$RM$SKOKMSJMN?^$NGKUK$VRWLS$\K$?RPK$IJ?K?$HM$VGHIG$SKOKMSJMN?$IRWLS$MRN$\KJU$NGKHU$\WUSKM$SK?QHNK$NGK$OJIN$NGJN$NGK$?QKKIG$H?$HM$OJIN$NUWK#$2GR?K$?WHN?$VRWLS$?WIIKKS$SK?QHNK$NGK$OJIN$NGJN^$HM$?RPK$J\?NUJIN$?KM?K^$NGR?K$?WHN?$JUK$WMPKUHNRUHRW?#$1MSKU$KHNGKU$UWLK^$NGKM^$NGK$RWNIRPK$RO$NGK$?WHN$VHLL$?RPKNHPK?$\K$JN$>JUHJMIK$VHNG$NGK$RWNIRPK$NGJN$VK$VRWLS$SK?HUK$HO$JLL$?QKKIG$VKUK$KHNGKU$SKPRM?NUJ\LX$NUWK$RU$SKPRM?NUJ\LX$OJL?K#$
2GH?$SHLKPPJ$?NKP?$OURP$NGK$OJIN$NGJN$NGK$JLLRIJNHRM$RO$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$QURRO$VHLL$SKNKUPHMK$LHJ\HLHNX$ORU$?RPK$?QKKIG$NGJN$H?$NUWK$JMS$?RPK$NGJN$H?$OJL?K^$\WN$JLL$RO$?WIG$?QKKIG$H?$WM[MRVJ\LX$NUWK$RU$OJL?K#$8KIJW?K$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$QURRO$H?$NGK$SKIHSHMT$OJINRU$RMLX$VGKM$NGK$K>HSKMIK$H?$JP\HTWRW?^$VK$IJMMRN$[MRV$GRV$PWIG$RO$NGK$?QKKIG$JOOKINKS$\X$NGK$JLLRIJNHRM$RO$NGK$\WUSKM$RO$QURRO$H?$NUWK$JMS$GRV$PWIG$H?$OJL?K#$(M$J$IJ?K$QUK?KMNHMT$J$IRMOHTWUJNHRM$RO$?QKKIG$JMS$QLJHMNHOO$LH[K$NGK$RMK$VK$OJIK$GKUK^$JMS$VGKUK$NGK$?IJLK?$JUK$HM$?WIG$JM$WMIKUNJHM$\JLJMIK^$VK$\KLHK>K$NGJN$NGK$'RM?NHNWNHRM$UKYWHUK?$W?$NR$NHQ$NGKP$HM$OJ>RU$RO$QURNKINHMT$NUWK$?QKKIG#$P%*-"1'$-*#4,#*#$'-*1F--(4*%"*.,##-$1*%/*F'5T)(*(%"(-$"*)1*"%#*&-#-$$-&R*U-*4%T&*#4,#*#4-*(%..%"`T,U*F$-1'.F#)%"*#4,#*&-/,.,#%$G*1F--(4*)1*/,T1-*(,""%#*1#,"&*U4-"*,*FT,)"#)//*1--E1*&,.,H-1*,H,)"1#*,*.-&),*&-/-"&,"#*/%$*1F--(4*%/*F'5T)(*(%"(-$"J*$8#=$JN$ee+&eee#$-PQGJ?H?$JSSKS#$
2GK$'RWUN$UKIRTMHfKS$NGJN$HN?$SKIH?HRM$VRWLS$aHM?WLJNK$OURP$LHJ\HLHNX$?RPK$?QKKIG$NGJN$
H?$OJL?K^$\WN$WMQUR>J\LX$?R#b$8##$9N$eet#$2GK$'RWUN$VJ?$VHLLHMT$NR$SR$NGH?$\KIJW?K$NGK$aNGK$.HU?N$
9PKMSPKMN$UKYWHUK?$NGJN$VK$QURNKIN$?RPK$OJL?KGRRS$HM$RUSKU$NR$QURNKIN$?QKKIG$NGJN$PJNNKU?#b$
8##$2GJN$H?^$NGK$'RWUN$GJ?$HPQR?KS$JSSHNHRMJL$UKYWHUKPKMN?$RO$OJWLN$WQRM$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$HM$J$?WHN$
ORU$SKOJPJNHRM$NR$aQUR>HSK$o\UKJNGHMT$?QJIKA$ORU$NUWK$?QKKIG$RM$PJNNKU?$RO$QW\LHI$IRMIKUM#b$8##$
7KUK^$MRN$RMLX$GJ?$=LJHMNHOO$MRN$QUR>KM$NGK$OJL?HNX$RO$NGK$IRPQLJHMKS&RO$LJMTWJTK^$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$
MRN$XKN$&#+"'&(&+#$NGK$LJMTWJTK$GK$IRPQLJHM?$H?$SKOJPJNRUX#$8KORUK$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$IJM$W?K$NGK$
QRVKU$RO$NGH?$'RWUN$NR$SH??RL>K$3KOKMSJMNA?$IRM?NHNWNHRMJLLX&QURNKINKS$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$
*l$
JMRMXPRW?LX$RM$NGK$(MNKUMKN^$=LJHMNHOO$PW?N$SKPRM?NUJNK$NGK$OJL?HNX$RO$NGK$3KOKMSJMNA?$?QKKIG#$$
.WUNGKU^$=LJHMNHOO$JLLKTK?$NGJN$GK$GJ?$?WOOKUKS$SJPJTK?$OURP$3KOKMSJMNA?$VK\?HNK^$\WN$
GJ?$ROOKUKS$MR$K>HSKMIK$NR$\JI[$WQ$NGH?$JLLKTJNHRM#$(M$A+"#:&'+^$NGK$QLJHMNHOOA?$OJHLWUK$NR$QUK?KMN$
JMX$K>HSKMIK$RO$HMZWUX_VGHIG^$J?$GKUK^$VJ?$JM$KLKPKMN$RO$NGK$QLJHMNHOOA?$LH\KL$ILJHP_\JUUKS$
QLJHMNHOOA?$SH?IR>KUX#$A+"#:&'+^$een$9#*S$JN$e+p#$9MS^$JTJHM^$NGK$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$HM$U+:'[$ORU\JSK$
0NJNK?$OURP$JLLRVHMT$=LJHMNHOO?$NR$UKLX$RM$9:+<.>+#$SJPJTK?$JMS$HM?NKJS$UKYWHUK?$=LJHMNHOO?$NR$
QUR>K$!/'.!%$GJUP$NR$UKQWNJNHRM^$!/'.!%$LR?N$\W?HMK??^$!/'.!%$SJPJTK$NR$TRRSVHLL#$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$
MRN$QUR>HSKS$K>HSKMIK$RO$JINWJL$GJUP$HM$NGH?$IJ?K#$$
\!J P4-*?%'$#*O'1#*Y-)H4*#4-*C%#-"#),T*@,$.*a)/*,"Gb*#%*#4-*CT,)"#)//*/$%.*Q-)"H*N",5T-*#%*C$%(--&*AH,)"1#*#4-*@,$.*#%*#4-*Z-/-"&,"#*/$%.*D%1)"H*#4-*0)$1#*A.-"&.-"#*L)H4#*#%*A"%"G.)#G*
=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$MRN$QUR>HSKS$MRNHIK^$GJ?$MRN$?QKIHOHIJLLX$HSKMNHOHKS$NGK$LJMTWJTK$GK$
\KLHK>K?$H?$HM>J?H>K$JMSDRU$SKOJPJNRUX^$GJ?$MRN$?GRVM$GH?$ILJHP?$RU$SJPJTK?$NR$\K$OJIHJLLX$
>JLHS^$JMS$GJ?$MRN$QUR>HSKS$K>HSKMIK$NR$?WQQRUN$NGK$OJL?HNX$RO$3KOKMSJMNA?$?NJNKPKMN?$RU$NGK$
UKJLHNX$RO$GH?$SJPJTK?#$0GRWLS$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$IRPQLX$VHNG$NGK$OHU?N$ORWU$?NKQ?$RO$NGK$VHSKLX&
JIIKQNKS$A+"#:&'+$QURIK??^$NGK$'RWUN$VHLL$WLNHPJNKLX$\JLJMIK$NGK$KYWHNHK?`$NGK$'RWUN$VHLL$VKHTG$
NGK$QRNKMNHJL$GJUP$5HO$JMX6$NR$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$OURP$\KHMT$WMJ\LK$NR$QURIKKS$JTJHM?N$NGK$GJUP$NR$
NGK$SKOKMSJMN$OURP$LR?HMT$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN$NR$JMRMXPHNX#$$A+"#:&'+$een$9#*S$JN$e+)&
+%#$8KIJW?K$RO$NGK$VKJ[MK??$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$ILJHP?$JMS$NGK$HPQRUNJMIK$RO$NGK$IRUK$QRLHNHIJL$
?QKKIG$UHTGN?$HM>RL>KS^$NGK$\JLJMIHMT$HM$NGH?$IJ?K$?NURMTLX$OJ>RU?$NGK$3KOKMSJMN#$2++)8"):+)
J"7"1>7.<),"%&"+)29+!0+:<^$*)%%$;<$+%+dn^$JN$Fd^$F+$5KPQGJ?HfHMT$NGK$HPQRUNJMIK$RO$
QURNKINHMT$NGK$!JNHRMA?$aUK?QKINKS$NUJSHNHRM$RO$JMRMXPHNX$HM$NGK$JS>RIJIX$RO$QRLHNHIJL$
IJW?K?b6#$9MX$>HRLJNHRM$RO$JM$HMSH>HSWJL$?QKJ[KUA?$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN?$IRM?NHNWNK?$
HUUKQJUJ\LK$HMZWUX$\KIJW?K^$RMIK$NGKX$GJ>K$LR?N$NGKHU$JMRMXPHNX^$NGK$IJM$MK>KU$TKN$HN$\JI[#$$
(M$LHTGN$RO$NGK$'RWUNA?$R\LHTJNHRM$NR$K>JLWJNK$NGK$?NUKMTNG$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$IJ?K$JMS$
QRNKMNHJL$GJUP$NR$=LJHMNHOO$>KU?W?$3KOKMSJMNA?$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$UHTGN$NR$JMRMXPHNX^$NGK$
*n$
ORLLRVHMT$IRM?HSKUJNHRM?$VKJ[KM$=LJHMNHOOA?$IJ?K$JMS$ILJHP$ORU$SJPJTK?#$$
AJ Z-/-"&,"#X1*1)#-R*!"#$%&'()*"+,)-".',R*1-T/`(%"1()%'1TGR*)"#-"#)%",TTGR*,"&*F'5T)(TG*F,$%&)-1*CT,)"#)//X1*%U"*1)#-R*-"(,)/',)0,'#1$+.*
=LJHMNHOO$IRPQLJHM?$NGJN$3KOKMSJMN$GJ?$IJLLKS$GHP$J$LHJU$JMS$GXQRIUHNK#$=LJHMNHOO$H?$
ROOKMSKS$JN$NGK$JIIW?JNHRM$NGJN$GK$GJ?$aIRQX&JMS&QJ?NKSb$IRMNKMN$OURP$RNGKU$?HNK?^$NGJN$
=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$JINKS$aIUJfX#b$2GJN$3KOKMSJMNA?$?HNK$IRMNJHM?$?NJNKPKMN?$NGJN$KIGR$NGK$>KUX$
JLLKTJNHRM?$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$LK>KLKS$JTJHM?N$RNGKU?$H?$MR$IRHMIHSKMIK#$3KOKMSJMN^$HM$JM$KJULX$
?NJNKPKMN$RO$QWUQR?K^$?JHS^$a;K$?RWTGN$NR$GHTGLHTGN$NGK$GXQRIUH?X$RO$,J[K$=JXMK^$JMS$NR$
?W\ZKIN$GHP$NR$NGK$IJUKOWLLX$IJLH\UJNKS$HMMWKMSR$JMS$!#)47>&"+>)JNNJI[?$GK$W?K?$?R$TLKKOWLLX#$
;K$GJ>K$SRMK$\RNG$RO$NGR?K$NGHMT?^$JMS^$HO$NGH?$PRUMHMT$H?$JMX$HMSHIJNHRM^$QWN$J$?NRQ$NR$NGKP#b$$
2++$234)5)#*6=#$3KOKMSJMNA?$HMNKMN$VJ?$NR$QJUURN$JMS$QJURSX$=LJHMNHOOA?$NRMK$J?$J$VJX$RO$
IRPPKMNHMT$RM$NGK$J\?WUSHNX$RO$NGJN$NRMK$JMS$HN?$NKMSKMIX$NR$KPHN$PRUK$GKJN$NGJM$LHTGN$RM$
H??WK?$RO$QW\LHI$IRMIKUM#$$
2GK$aILJ??HI$URLK$RO$IRPKSXb$J?$?KKM$\X$QGHLR?RQGKU?$?WIG$J?$'HIKUR$VJ?$PRUJL$WQLHON$5RO$JLL$NGHMT?6#$(N?$QWUQR?K$VJ?$NR$aIRUUKIN$NGK$HUUJNHRMJL$JMS$HPPRUJL$IRMSWIN$RO$NGK$ORRLH?Gb$\X$?GRVHMT$NGKP$GRV$UHSHIWLRW?$VKUK$NGKHU$VJX?#$;GHLK$IRPKSX$GJUSLX$MKKS?$ZW?NHOHIJNHRM$HM$JM$JTK$VGHIG$JIIKQN?$LJWTGNKU$J?$?RPKNGHMT$TRRS$HM$HN?$RVM$UHTGN^$?RPKNGHMT$RO$NGH?$JMIHKMN$VH?SRP$JMHPJNK?$NGK$LKTJL$QURNKINHRM$JOORUSKS$IRPKSX$WMSKU$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN#$(N$H?$GJUS$NR$HPJTHMK^$ORU$K]JPQLK^$J$IRWUN$NJ[HMT$?KUHRW?LX$NGK$HSKJ$NGJN$J$QRLHNHIJL$IJUNRRM$?WTTK?NHMT$NGJN$J$QJUNHIWLJU$QRLHNHIHJM$VJ?^$J?$NGK$PRSKUM$?JXHMT$TRK?^$J$?JMSVHIG$?GRUN$RO$J$QHIMHI^$VJ?$MRN$QURNKINKS$\X$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN#$=JUN$RO$RWU$MJNHRMv?$aUR\W?Nb$NUJSHNHRM$RO$OUKK$?QKKIG$H?$NGK$UHTGN$NR$IUHNHIHfK$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?$\X$QJURSXHMT$NGKHU$JINHRM?_J$[HMS$RO$aHSKRLRTHIJL$?QKKIGb$KPQLRXHMT$JUTWPKMN$:+#./&7)!#)!F<.:#.>=$
$!':&/0)B=)2.9+:&7:)K7.:')\37::+<]^$*e$'JL#/QNU#*S$ttd^$tt+$5'JL#9QQ#$l$3H?N#^%ppl6#$5'HNJNHRM?$"PHNNKS6$5"USKUKS$!RN$ORU$=W\LHIJNHRM6#$)
*+$
3KOKMSJMNA?$?HNK$JNNKPQN?^$HM$NGK$ILJ??HI$IRPHI$NUJSHNHRM^$NR$aIRUUKIN$NGK$HUUJNHRMJL$JMS$
HPPRUJL$IRMSWIN$RO$NGK$ORRLH?G#b$3KOKMSJMNA?$?HNK$H?$QW\LHILX$JMS$HMNKMNHRMJLLX$J$QJURSX$RO$
=LJHMNHOOA?$?HNK#$3KOKMSJMN$PHPHI[KS$NGK$NXQRTUJQGHIJL$LJXRWN$RO$NGK$=LJHMNHOOA?$QR?N?^$HMILWSHMT$
W?HMT$\UJI[KN?$NR$KMILR?K$GXQKULHM[?$NR$RNGKU$?HNK?$RU$J?$J$ORUWP$ORU$JSSHNHRMJL$IRPPKMN$RM$NGK$
?W\ZKIN$PJNNKU$RO$NGK$QR?N#$3KOKMSJMN^$LH[K$=LJHMNHOO^$W?KS$NGK$?VHULHMT$UKS&JMS&\LWK$QRLHIK$?HUKM$
HPJTK$HM$JM$HURMHI$MRS$NR$2GK$3UWSTK$/KQRUNA?$GXQKU>KMNHLJNHRM$R>KU$a\UKJ[HMT$MKV?#b$
3KOKMSJMN^$LH[K$=LJHMNHOO^$IURV?$JMS$?NUWN?$HMIK??JMNLX$J\RWN$GH?$VK\?HNKA?$NUJOOHI#$2GK$
GXQKU\RLHI$LJMTWJTK$JMS$K]JTTKUJNKS$?QKIWLJNHRM$RM$;JNIGHMT$,J[K$=JXMK$HMNKMNHRMJLLX$
PHPHI?$NGK$=LJHMNHOOA?$RVM$?NXLK#$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$\WHLN$GH?$\W?HMK??$W?HMT$JM$JTTUK??H>K$?NXLK$RO$
UKQRUNHMT$NGJN$HMILWSK?$!#)47>&"+>)JNNJI[?^n$JIIW?JNHRM?$RO$aIRQX$JMS$QJ?NKb$ZR\?^+$IJLLHMT$
QKRQLK$LHJU?e$JMS$GXQRIUHNK?^t$JMS$JLLKTHMT$IRUUWQNHRM^p$HLLKTJL$JIN?^%)$JMS$WMKNGHIJL$IRMSWIN#%%$
2GJN$?HPHLJU$?NJNKPKMN?$?GRWLS$JQQKJU$HM$J$QJURSX$?HNK$?GRWLS$?WUQUH?K$MR$RMK_NGK$=LJHMNHOO$
LKJ?N$RO$JLL#$2GJN$=LJHMNHOO^$VGR$H?$PRUK$JIIW?NRPKS$NR$TH>HMT$UJNGKU$NGJM$NJ[HMT^$OHMS?$NGK$ZR[K$
WMOWMMX$?GRWLS$?WUQUH?K$MR$RMK#$2GJN$=LJHMNHOO$K]QKIN?$NGH?$'RWUN$NR$HMNKUIKSK$RM$GH?$\KGJLO$
?GRWLS$?WUQUH?K$K>KUXRMK#$$
0NJNKPKMN?$PJSK$J?$QJUN$RO$J$QJURSX$JUK$MRN$JINHRMJ\LK$\KIJW?K$NGKX$JUK$aMRN$J$
?NJNKPKMN$RO$OJIN^$\WN$RO$RQHMHRM^$QURNKINKS$\X$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$JMS$MRN$JINHRMJ\LK$
SKOJPJNHRM#b$8##$JN$ttn&tt+#$a3KOJPJNHRM^$\X$IRMNUJ?N^$H?$\X$HN?$MJNWUK$PWNWJLLX$K]ILW?H>K$RO$
QJURSX#$E1)#+(&"&'&7"$SKOJPJNHRM$UKYWHUK?$J$OJL?K$?NJNKPKMN$RO$OJIN$VGHLK$QJURSX^$'7)'4+)#+*:++)
'4!')&')&<)9+:/+&B+#)!<)9!:7#1)F1)&'<)&"'+"#+#)!.#&+"/+^$IRM>KX?$NGK$PK??JTK$NGJN$HN$H?$MRN$NGK$ 5 Exhibits 6, 15, 16, and 18. 6 Exhibit 7. 7 Exhibits 12 and 14. 8 Exhibits 12 and 13 9 Exhibits 6, 7, and 8. 10 Exhibits 6 and 7. 11 Exhibits 9 and 11.
*e$
RUHTHMJL$JMS$NGKUKORUK$IJMMRN$IRM?NHNWNK$J$OJL?K$?NJNKPKMN$RO$OJIN#b$8##$JN$tt+#$'RWUN?$GJ>K$
VHSKLX$UKIRTMHfKS$NGJN$K>JLWJNHMT$NGK$UKJINHRM$RO$NGK$HMNKMSKS$JWSHKMIK$UKYWHUK?$NGK$
UKIRTMHNHRM$NGJN$aNGK$UKJ?RMJ\LK$QKU?RM$H?$MR$SWLLJUS#$7K$RU$?GK$SRK?$MRN$UKQUK?KMN$NGK$LRVK?N$
IRPPRM$SKMRPHMJNRU^$\WN$UKJ?RMJ\LK$HMNKLLHTKMIK$JMS$LKJUMHMT#$7K$RU$?GK$IJM$NKLL$NGK$
SHOOKUKMIK$\KNVKKM$?JNHUK$JMS$?HMIKUHNX#b$8##$JN$tte#$aj2kGK$NK?N$NR$\K$JQQLHKS$HM$SKNKUPHMHMT$
VGKNGKU$JM$JLLKTKSLX$SKOJPJNRUX$?NJNKPKMN$IRM?NHNWNK?$JM$JINHRMJ\LK$?NJNKPKMN$RO$OJIN$
UKYWHUK?$NGJN$NGK$IRWUN$K]JPHMK$NGK$?NJNKPKMN$HM$HN?$NRNJLHNX$HM$NGK$IRMNK]N$HM$VGHIG$HN$
VJ?$WNNKUKS$RU$QW\LH?GKS#$(N$H?$MRN$WMW?WJL$NR$QURNKIN$OJL?K$?NJNKPKMN?$RO$OJIN$VGKUK^$
\KIJW?K$RO$NGK$IRMNK]N^$NGKX$VRWLS$GJ>K$\KKM$WMSKU?NRRS$J?$QJUN$RO$J$?JNHUK$RU$OHINHRM#b$
E7%%+!)B=)?7:%#)K4!>9&7"<4&9)?:+<'%&"*C)8"/=^$$*e%$EJ#9QQ#$nnn^$nnt$5EJ#9QQ#$*))n6#$
2GK$HMNKMSKS$JWSHKMIK$ORU$?!'/4&"*)@!0+)$!1"+$H?$NGR?K$UKJSKU?$JLUKJSX$HMNHPJNKLX$
OJPHLHJU$VHNG$=LJHMNHOOA?$RVM$?HNK#$2GK$7"%1$QKRQLK$HMNKUK?NKS$HM$J$QJURSX$?HNK$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$?HNK$
JUK$NGR?K$QKRQLK$JLUKJSX$OJPHLHJU$VHNG$=LJHMNHOO$JMS$GH?$VRU[#$2GJN$3KOKMSJMN$H?$?JNHUHfHMT$
=LJHMNHOOA?$?NXLK$H?$HPPKSHJNKLX$R\>HRW?$NR$UKJSKU?$JLUKJSX$OJPHLHJU$VHNG$=LJHMNHOOA?$?HNK#$2GK$
NXQRTUJQGHIJL^$?NXLH?NHI^$JMS$NJINHIJL$PHPHIUX$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$?HNK$JUK$QWUQR?KOWL^$HMNKMNHRMJL$
QJURSHK?$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$?HNK#$$
9SRQNHMT$NGK$NRMK$JMS$NJINHI?$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$$!*+),"+)-+"'./01^$?!'/4&"*)@!0+)
$!1"+$H?$J$QJURSX$?HNK`$\X$NWUMHMT$NGK$=LJHMNHOOA?$VRUS?$RM$GHP?KLO^$?!'/4&"*)@!0+)$!1"+$
KMIRWUJTK?$HN?$UKJSKU?$NR$YWK?NHRM$NGK$W?KOWLMK??$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$NRMK$JMS$NJINHI?$HM$NGK$
?JPK$VJX$0NKQGKM$'RL\KUNA?$IJUHIJNWUK$RO$JM$R>KU&NGK&NRQ$UHTGN&VHMT$QRLHNHIJL$
IRPPKMNJNRU$?QWU?$GH?$>HKVKU?$NR$UKOLKIN$RM$NGK$>KUJIHNX$RO$\LRVGJUS?$LH[K$ELKM$8KI[$
JMS$8HLL$a=JQJ$8KJUb$"A/KHLLX#$?!'/4&"*)@!0+)$!1"+$NWUM?$=LJHMNHOOA?$JIHS$LJMTWJTK^$
HMMWKMSR^$GXQKU\RLK^$JMS$ZW>KMHLK$JNNJI[?$JTJHM?N$NGK$QURTKMHNRU$RO$UKI[LK??$QRLHNHIJL$
IRPPKMNJUX$HM$NGK$'RPPRMVKJLNGA?$QRLHNHIJL$\LRTR?QGKUK#$3KOKMSJMNA?$VK\?HNK$H?$J$
IRPPKMNJUX$RM$NGK$?NJNK$RO$QRLHNHIJL$SHJLRTWK$RMLHMK$JMS$NGK$QRLHNHI?$RO$QKU?RMJL$
SK?NUWINHRM`$JMS^$NGK$?HNK$JNNKPQN?$NR$HLLWPHMJNK$NGK$=LJHMNHOOA?$WMGKLQOWL$URLK$HM$?JSSLHMT$
*t$
RMLHMK$QRLHNHIJL$SH?IRWU?K$HM$CKMNWI[X$VHNG$QKU?RMJL$HM>KINH>K$JMS$HUUK?QRM?H\LK$
JIIW?JNHRM?$RO$VURMTSRHMT^$OJL?HNX^$JMS$GXQRIUH?X#$$
2GK$LJMTWJTK$J\RWN$VGHIG$=LJHMNHOO$IRPQLJHM?$H?$QUKIH?KLX$NGK$LJMTWJTK$3KOKMSJMN$
W?K?$NR$LJPQRRM$NGK$=LJHMNHOO#$2GJN$H?^$NGK$LJMTWJTK$NGJN$ROOKMS?$=LJHMNHOO$H?$QUKIH?KLX$NGK$
LJMTWJTK$GK$GJ?$W?KS$RM$?R$PJMX$RIIJ?HRM?$NR$IRPPKMN$RM$RNGKUA?$VRUS?$RU$JINHRM?#$(N$H?$
SH?HMTKMWRW?$ORU$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$NR$JNNKPQN$NR$W?K$NGK$QRVKU$RO$NGK$'RWUN$NR$IGHLL$JMS$?HLKMIK$NGK$
[HMS$RO$?QKKIG$GK$GJ?$W?KS$?R$RONKM$JMS$ORU$QKU?RMJL$QUROHN#$3KOKMSJMN$GJ?$NGK$?JPK$UHTGN$J?$
NGK$=LJHMNHOO$NR$?QKJ[$OUKKLX$RM$NGK$(MNKUMKN#$;GKM$NGJN$?QKKIG$R\>HRW?LX$QJURSHK?$=LJHMNHOOA?$
RVM$?QKKIG^$HN$H?$MRN$JINHRMJ\LK$\KIJW?K$HN$H?$MRN$J$?NJNKPKMN$RO$OJIN#$2R$JLLRV$=LJHMNHOO$NR$
QURIKKS$VHNG$SH?IR>KUX$VRWLS$GJ>K$J$IGHLLHMT$KOOKIN$RM$QRLHNHIJL$SH?IRWU?K_J$IGHLLHMT$KOOKIN$
NGJN$NGK$1MHNKS$0NJNK?$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$GJ?$ORWMS$JMNHNGKNHIJL$NR$RWU$IRM?NHNWNHRMJL$UHTGN$NR$OUKK$
?QKKIG^$?QKKIG$NGJN$MKKS?$a\UKJNGHMT$?QJIKb$HM$RUSKU$NR$?WU>H>K#$$
8KORUK$TRHMT$ORUVJUS^$JMS$JN$J$PHMHPWP^$=LJHMNHOO$PW?N$ROOKU$JMS$?W\ZKIN$NR$IUR??&
K]JPHMJNHRM$QKRQLK$VGR$?JV$3KOKMSJMNA?$?NJNKPKMN?$JMS$UKJ?RMJ\LX$\KLHK>KS$?WIG$
?NJNKPKMN?$NR$\K$?NJNKPKMN?$RO$OJIN#$=LJHMNHOO$PW?N$QUR>K$?WIG$?NJNKPKMN?$VKUK$OJL?K$JMS$NGJN$
=LJHMNHOO$?WOOKUKS$JINWJL$JMS$QUR>J\LK$SJPJTK?$J?$J$UK?WLN#$$$
QJ CT,)"#)//*)1*,*F'5T)(*/)H'$-*U4%*U)TT*5-*'",5T-*#%*14%U*,(#',T*.,T)(-*
->KU$?HMIK$H+D)I7:0)3&>+<)B=)2.%%&B!"C$NGK$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$GJ?$UKIRTMHfKS$J$NKM?HRM$\KNVKKM$QURNKINHRM$RO$UKQWNJNHRM$JMS$QURNKINHRM$RO$OUKKSRP$RO$K]QUK??HRM#$"O$IRWU?K^$NGK$NKM?HRM$H?$?NURMTK?N$VGKM$NGKUK$H?$J$PKSHJ$SKOKMSJMN^$NGK$?W\ZKIN$PJNNKU$H?$RMK$RO$QW\LHI$HMNKUK?N^$JMS$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$H?$KHNGKU$J$QW\LHI$ROOHIHJL$RU$J$QW\LHI$OHTWUK#$$8""+<)B=)T7D+%%)K7:9=^$e+$.#dS$e)*^$e%)$5'#9#+$5CX#6$%pp+6#$'HNJNHRM$RPHNNKS#$
2GK$0WQUKPK$'RWUN$GJ?$SKOHMKS$NVR$NXQK?$RO$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?_NGR?K$VGR$RIIWQX$QR?HNHRM?$RO$?WIG$QKU?WJ?H>K$QRVKU$JMS$HMOLWKMIK$NGJN$NGKX$JUK$SKNKUPHMKS$NR$\K$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?$ORU$JLL$QWUQR?K?$JMS$NGR?K$VGR$JUK$SKKPKS$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?$ORU$RMLX$J$LHPHNKS$QWUQR?K$\KIJW?K$NGKX$GJ>K$
*p$
aNGUW?N$NGKP?KL>K?$NR$NGK$ORUKOURMN$RO$QJUNHIWLJU$QW\LHI$IRMNUR>KU?HK?$HM$RUSKU$NR$HMOLWKMIK$NGK$UK?RLWNHRM$RO$NGK$H??WK?$HM>RL>KS#b$$
U+:'[C$l%t$1#0#$JN$dln^$pl$0#'N#$JN$d))p#$
'RWUN?$JIUR??$NGK$MJNHRM$GJ>K$ORWMS$NGJN$aZRWUMJLH?N?$JMS$NKLK>H?HRM$UKQRUNKU?m$J?$
VKLL$J?$RNGKU$HMSH>HSWJL?$VGR$UKTWLJULX$IRPPKMN$RM$QW\LHI$JOOJHU?^$GJ>K$RONKM$\KKM$
IRM?HSKUKS$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?$ORU$QWUQR?K?$RO$NGK$H+D)I7:0)3&>+<$?NJMSJUS#b%*$2!")J"'7"&7)
12 The Dracos Court cites some of the precedent supporting this view: See, e.g., Falls v. Sporting News Publishing Co., 714 F.Supp. 843, 847 (E.D.Mich.1989), affirmed without opinion, 899 F.2d 1221 (6th Cir.1990) (Sports columnist who made radio, television, and speaking appearances was a public figure “with regard to his sports writing activities”); Loeb v. Globe Newspaper Co., 489 F.Supp. 481, 485–86 (D.Mass.1980) (Newspaper publisher's description of himself as “’a publisher who regularly takes strong stands on controversial issues ... [and who] invites expression of contrary opinion’ ” “neatly fits the Supreme Court's recent definition of public figures: ‘[those who] have thrust themselves to the forefront of particular public controversies in order to influence the resolution of the issues involved ... [and who] invite attention and comment’ ”); Loeb v. New Times Communications Corp., 497 F.Supp. 85, 88 (S.D.N.Y.1980) (Same newspaper publisher's “outspoken criticism of prominent politicians and celebrities in diverse fields has frequently made him the target of national and regional media coverage”); Adler v. Conde Nast Publications, Inc., 643 F.Supp. 1558, 1564 (S.D.N.Y.1986) (“We find that Adler's general fame or notoriety in the literary and journalistic community and her pervasive involvement in the affairs of society render her a public figure with regard to her activities relating to literature, journalism and criticism”); O'Donnell v. CBS, Inc.,782 F.2d 1414, 1417 (7th Cir.1986) (Vice president and general manager of radio station who used his editorial position to advocate a particular point of view regarding an EPA controversy became a limited purpose public figure with respect to that controversy, including comment upon his being fired from the position through which he sought to influence that controversy); Lerman v. Flynt Distributing Co., Inc., 745 F.2d 123, 137 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1054, 105 S.Ct. 2114, 85 L.Ed.2d 479 (1985) (Author of nine novels who waged “organized and ongoing effort to maintain media access in order to call attention to her writings and disseminate her views” was limited purpose public figure with respect to statements about her involvement in writing books and plays); Stolz v. KSFM 102 FM, 30 Cal.App.4th 195, 35 Cal.Rptr.2d 740, 745–46 (1994), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 820, 116 S.Ct. 79, 133 L.Ed.2d 37 (1995) (Owner, operator and general manager of Sacramento radio station was general purpose public figure “by virtue of occupying a position of general fame and pervasive power and influence in the community,” ability “to reach a wide audience,” selection and presentation of public affairs programs, and voluntary exposure to public scrutiny); Knudsen v. Kansas Gas And Electric Co., 248 Kan. 469, 807 P.2d 71, 78 (1991) (Free-lance journalist's story on local utility, published in Kansas City Star, written in an “investigatory tone to create a public controversy,” transformed him into a public figure because he “voluntarily injected himself into the public's attention”); Rybachek v. Sutton, 761 P.2d 1013, 1014 (Alaska 1988) (Biweekly columnist who used her column to express her views on mining and natural resources issues was a public figure with respect to her columns); Warner v. Kansas City Star Co., 726 S.W.2d 384, 385 (Mo.Ct.App.1987) (Outdoor editor of Kansas City newspaper who had “regularly written prominently featured articles for the outdoor section of the newspaper, of which he was identified, by name and title, as the author,” and who received numerous journalistic awards and “invited public attention to himself and to his views,” was a public figure for purposes of an article concerning his discharge for alleged conflict of interest violations); Maule v. NYM Corp., 76 A.D.2d 58, 429 N.Y.S.2d 891, 892–93 (N.Y.1980) (Writer for Sports Illustrated, who had made numerous television appearances, wrote 28 books on sports, received awards for his writing, and sought to “project his name and personality before millions,” was a public figure, precluding his recovery for statement that he was “quite possibly the worst writer on the magazine”).
d)$
OZ9=)H+D<)B=)A:!/7<^$p**$0#;#*S$*l*$52K]#9QQ#$%pp+6#$"O$IRWU?K^$J$ZRWUMJLH?N$H?$MRN$
!.'7>!'&/!%%1$J$QW\LHI$OHTWUK$ORU$JLL$QWUQR?K?#$2GK$A:!/7<$IRWUN$RWNLHMK?$?RPK$RO$NGK$
OJINWJL$IRM?HSKUJNHRM?$UKLK>JMN$NR$SKNKUPHMHMT$VGKNGKU$J$ZRWUMJLH?N$H?$J$QW\LHI$OHTWUK$ORU$
JLL$QWUQR?K?$JMS$MRN$?HPQLX$J$LHPHNKS$QW\LHI$OHTWUKc$$
<H[K$RNGKU$ZRWUMJLH?N?^$UKQRUNKU?$JMS$PKSHJ$QKU?RMJLHNHK?^$3UJIR?$GJ?$>HTRURW?LX$?RWTGN$JMS$JIGHK>KS$QW\LHIHNX$ORU$GH?$ZRWUMJLH?NHI$KOORUN?#$7H?$a-XKVHNMK??&;JMN?&NR&CMRVb$?KUHK?^$ORU$K]JPQLK^$VJ?$J$GHTGLX$UJNKS$MKV?$?KTPKMN$JMS$PJSK$3UJIR?$J$GRW?KGRLS$MJPK$HM$NGK$JUKJ$UKJIGKS$\X$NGK$OZ9:+<<^H+D<=$9?$J$NKLK>H?HRM$ZRWUMJLH?N^$GK$GJ?$KMZRXKS$UKTWLJU$JMS$IRMNHMWHMT$JIIK??$NR$NGK$MKV?$PKSHJ#$(M$3UJIR?v$RVM$VRUS?^$GK$aSK>KLRQKS$GHTGLX$QRQWLJU$JMS$HMMR>JNH>K$MKV?$?KTPKMN?^$\RNG$MJNHRMJLLX$JMS$LRIJLLX#b$7H?$a-XKVHNMK??&;JMN?&NR&CMRVb$?KTPKMN$RM$C-!0x24$\KIJPK$aRMK$RO$NGK$GHTGK?N$UJNKS$MKV?$?KTPKMN?$HM$0JM$9MNRMHRb$JMS$aUKIKH>KS$PRUK$>HKVKU$UK?QRM?K$NGJM$JMX$RNGKU$MKV?$?KTPKMN$HM$NGK$0RWNG$2K]J?$PJU[KN#b$2GK$a-XKVHNMK??&;JMN?&NR&CMRVb$ORUPJN$VJ?$JL?R$GHTGLX$JIIW?JNRUX$HM$MJNWUK#$2R$\K$NGK$?W\ZKIN$RO$RMK$RO$NGK?K$QURTUJP?$VJ?$MRN$TRRS$MKV?$NR$NGK$HMSH>HSWJL$HM>RL>KS#$2GKUK$VKUK$MR$IRPQLHPKMN?^$JMS$NGK$IUHNHIH?P?$VKUK$GJU?G#$8RNG$QUH>JNK$JMS$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?$VKUK$QWN$RM$NGK$UJI[$\X$3UJIR?^$VGR$SHS$MRN$GK?HNJNK$NR$LJX$RM$NGK$>KU\JL$VGHQ#$(M$?GRUN^$HN$VJ?$J$OHMK$K]JPQLK$RO$NGK$QRVKU$JMS$OUKKSRP$RO$J$>HTRURW?$OUKK$QUK??#$(N$H?$?RPKVGJN$HURMHI$NGJN$3UJIR?$H?$?R$ROOKMSKS$\X$NGH?$UJNGKU$HMMRIWRW?^$JMS$?W\?NJMNH>KLX$NUWK^$JUNHILK$\X$,J[LK#$9?$J$?WIIK??OWL$JMS$VKLL&[MRVM$ZRWUMJLH?N^$GK$KMZRXKS$JIIK??$NR$NGK$PKSHJ_JMS$NGK$?KLO&UKPKSX$RO$UK\WNNJL_VGHIG$H?$MRN$J>JHLJ\LK$NR$NGK$RUSHMJUX$IHNHfKM#$0KK$U+:'[^$l%t$1#0#$JN$dln^$pl$0#'N#$JN$d))p$5a=W\LHI$ROOHIHJL?$JMS$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?$KMZRX$?HTMHOHIJMNLX$TUKJNKU$JIIK??$NR$NGK$IGJMMKL?$RO$KOOKINH>K$IRPPWMHIJNHRM$JMS$GKMIK$GJ>K$J$PRUK$UKJLH?NHI$RQQRUNWMHNX$NR$IRWMNKUJIN$OJL?K$?NJNKPKMN?$NGKM$QUH>JNK$HMSH>HSWJL?$MRUPJLLX$KMZRX#b6$
=LJHMNHOO^$LH[K$3UJIR?^$H?$J$ZRWUMJLH?N$VGR$GJ?$>HTRURW?LX$?RWTGN$JMS$JIGHK>KS$
QW\LHIHNX$ORU$GH?$ZRWUMJLH?NHI$KOORUN?#$=LJHMNHOOA?$VK\?HNK^$\X$GH?$RVM$JIIRWMN^$H?$NGK$PR?N$
GHTGLX$NUJOOHI[KS$?HNK$J\RWN$QRLHNHI?$HM$CKMNWI[X$JMS$H?$aCKMNWI[XA?$s%$QRLHNHIJL$?IJMSJL$
?GKKN#b$=LJHMNHOO$WMJQRLRTKNHIJLLX$ILJHP?$NR$\K$J$aPKSHJ$VGRUKb$52++)234)5)#*9*JMS$
234)5)#*:6$JMS$GJ?$\KKM$OKJNWUKS_JIIRUSHMT$NR$GH?$a9\RWN$$!*+),"+b$QJTK_RM$
d%$
a@0!8'^$'!!^$."i^$JMS$J$jLRIJLk$?NJNHRM$MKJU$XRW#b$2++)234)5)#*6#$=LJHMNHOO$UKQRUN?$GK$
GJ?$JL?R$\KKM$a?KKM$HM$NGK$!KV$:RU[$2HPK?^$;J?GHMTNRM$=R?N^$2JL[HMT$=RHMN?$@KPR$jJ$
LKJSHMT$3KPRIUJNHI&LKJMHMT$MJNHRMJL$QRLHNHI?$\LRTk^$2GK$!JNHRM^$NGK$'GURMHILK$RO$7HTGKU$
-SWIJNHRM^$JMS$XRWU$LRIJL$QJQKU#b$8#=)9?$=LJHMNHOO$K]QLJHM?^$a9$ORUPKU$QRLHNHIJL$
IRM?WLNJMN$JMS$IJPQJHTM$OHMJMIK$QUROK??HRMJL^$,J[KA?$J$UKTWLJU$TWK?N$JMS$TR&NR$TWX$ORU$
PKSHJ$HM$CKMNWI[X$JMS$GH?$VRU[$GJ?$\KKM$OKJNWUKS$RM$K>KUX$MKV?$QURTUJP$JMS$HM$
K>KUX$QW\LHIJNHRM$WMSKU$NGK$?WM#b$8##$$
9SSHNHRMJLLX^$3UJIR?$VJ?$aPRUK$NGJM$J$NKLK>H?HRM$ZRWUMJLH?N_GK$VJ?$J$
oIRPPKMNJNRUA$VHNG$J$o?QKIHJLA$MKV?$?KTPKMN#$<H[K$3UJIR?^$=LJHMNHOO$H?$PRUK$NGJM$J$
ZRWUMJLH?N`$GK$H?$J$IRPPKMNJNRU^$J$9:7%&(&/$IRPPKMNJNRU#$$9TJHM^$RM$=LJHMNHOOA?$a9\RWN$
$!*+),"+b$QJTK^$GK$SK?IUH\K?$GHP?KLO$J?$a(M?WOOKUJ\LK#$;KLL&GJNKS#$'RPPKMNJNRU#$
-MNUKQUKWU&2XQK#$!HIK$TWX#$0IJUX#$=UR>RIJNKWU#$2GJNA?$,J[Kgb$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$HMZKINKS$
GHP?KLO$HMNR$IRWMNLK??$KLKINHRM?_LRIJL^$?NJNK^$JMS$MJNHRMJL_?HMIK$GH?$?HNKA?$HMIKQNHRM$HM$
*))e#$9?$=LJHMNHOO$SK?IUH\K?$GHP?KLO$VGHLK$KPQLRXHMT$NGK$NGHUS$QKU?RM^$aGKA?$NGK$
'RPPRMVKJLNGA?$>KUX$RVM$RQHMHRMJNKS$5\WN$JMMRXHMTLX$KSWIJNKS6$\LRVGJUS#$2GK$
LR>K&GHP&RU&GJNK&GHP$TWX$NGJN$TR>KUMPKMN^$LJV$KMORUIKPKMN$JMS$NGK$PKSHJ$UKLX$RM$ORU$
NGK$LJNK?N$TR??HQ#b$8#=)=LJHMNHOOA?$IRPPKMNJUX$H?$HMK]NUHIJ\LX$HMNKUVR>KM$HMNR$GH?$
UKQRUNHMT#$<H[K$$HM$A:!/7<^$=LJHMNHOOA?$ORUPJN$H?$aGHTGLX$JIIW?JNRUX$HM$MJNWUKb$VGKUK$aNGK$
IUHNHIH?P?$jJUKk$GJU?G^b$aQUH>JNK$JMS$QW\LHI$OHTWUK?$jJUKk$QWN$RM$NGK$UJI[^b$JMS$=LJHMNHOO$
SRK?$aMRN$GK?HNJNK$NR$LJX$RM$NGK$>KU\JL$VGHQ#b$$
9MS^$LH[K$3UJIR?A?$IJ?K^$HN$H?$GHTGLX$HURMHI$NGJN$=LJHMNHOO$H?$?R$ROOKMSKS$\X$
3KOKMSJMNA?$?QKKIG_?QKKIG$NGJN$VJ?$HMNKMSKS$J?$JM$HURMHI$JMS$HMIH?H>K$GRPJTK$NR$
=LJHMNHOOA?$RVM$?NXLK#$2GK$A:!/7<$IRWUN$UKIRTMHfKS$NGJN^$a9?$J$ZRWUMJLH?N$JMS$?KLO&
SK?IUH\KS$QW\LHI$IRPPKMNJNRU^$3UJIR?$IJMMRN$GRLS$GHP?KLO$RWN$J?$J$QRQWLJU$NKLK>H?HRM$
QKU?RMJLHNX$JMS$XKN$SKMX$GK$H?$J$QW\LHI$OHTWUK$ORU$QWUQR?K?$RO$NGK$H+D)I7:0)
3&>+<$?NJMSJUS$JMS$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN#$7K$IJMMRN^$HM$RNGKU$VRUS?^$GJ>K$HN$\RNG$
d*$
VJX?_?NKQQHMT$HMNR$NGK$LHPKLHTGN$J?$J$QW\LHI$IRPPKMNJNRU^$XKN$J>RHSHMT$HN$ORU$QWUQR?K?$
RO$SKOJPJNHRM$LJV$JMS$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN#$8##$JN$*nn#$
=LJHMNHOO^$VGR$PJ[K?$GH?$LH>HMT$UKQRUNHMT$JMS$?HPWLNJMKRW?LX$IRPPKMNHMT$RM$NGK$
MKV?^$VGR?K$?NRUHK?$GJ>K$\KKM$OKJNWUKS$HM$LRIJL$JMS$MJNHRMJL$PKSHJ$RWNLKN?^$VGR$UWM?$ORU$
QUROHN$J$QRQWLJU$?HNK$IRMNJHMHMT$CKMNWI[XA?$aLJNK?N$TR??HQb$IJMMRN$?KK[^$KMZRX^$JMS$QUROHN$OURP$
NGK$LHPKLHTGN$JMS$NGKM$?GWM$HN$ORU$QWUQR?K?$RO$JLLKTHMT$SKOJPJNHRM#$=LJHMNHOO$H?$J$QW\LHI$OHTWUK$
ORU$JLL$QWUQR?K?$WMSKU$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN#$$
8KIJW?K$=LJHMNHOO$H?$J$QW\LHI$OHTWUK$WMSKU$NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN^$GK$IJMMRN$UKIR>KU$
WMLK??$GK$QUR>K?$aVHNG$aIRM>HMIHMT$ILJUHNXb$NGJN$J$SKOJPJNRUX$OJL?KGRRS$VJ?$PJSK$VHNG$
aJINWJL$PJLHIKb$NGJN$H?^$JINWJL$[MRVLKSTK$RO$OJL?HNX$RU$UKI[LK??$SH?UKTJUS$RO$NGK$NUWNG#$(M$
NGH?$?KM?K^$NGK$MKIK??JUX$PJLHIK$IRWLS$\K$?GRVM$\X$QURRO$RO$JINWJL$[MRVLKSTK$RO$NGK$
OJL?K$?NJNKPKMN$RU$\X$QURRO$RO$QW\LH?GHMT$J$OJL?K$?NJNKPKMN$VHNG$UKI[LK??$SH?UKTJUS$ORU$
NGK$NUWNG#b$29!:0<)B=)E77"+^$n+)$0#;#*S$*d+^$*dt$5CX#9QQ#$%pee6#$7KUK^$?WIG$J$?GRVHMT$H?$
MRN$QR??H\LK#$3KOKMSJMNA?$?NJNKPKMN?$VKUK$PJSK$HM$NGK$IRMNK]N$RO$JM$KLJ\RUJNK^$?JNHUHIJL$
QJURSX$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$RVM$?HNK^$J$QJURSX$NGJN$>H?HNRU?$NR$;JNIGHMT$,J[K$=JXMK$VRWLS$
UKIRTMHfK$J?$QJURSX#$3KOKMSJMNA?$?NJNKPKMN?$JUK$MRN$?NJNKPKMN?$RO$OJIN^$\WN$UJNGKU$
RQHMHRM$JMS$MRN$JINHRMJ\LK#$=LJHMNHOO$IJMMRN$?GRV$aVHNG$IRM>HMIHMT$ILJUHNXb$NGJN$NGK$
?NJNKPKMN?$VKUK$PJSK$VHNG$aJINWJL$[MRVLKSTK$RO$OJL?HNX$RU$UKI[LK??$SH?UKTJUS$RO$NGK$
NUWNGb$\KIJW?K$3KOKMSJMNA?$?NJNKPKMN?$JUK$QJUN$RO$J$QJURSX$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$RVM$?HNK#$2GK$
?NJNKPKMN?$IRMNJHMKS$HM$NGK$QJURSX$JUK$RQHMHRM^$MRN$OJIN#$$$$$
?J CT,)"#)//X1*(T,).*/%$*F'")#)I-*&,.,H-1*)1*/%$-(T%1-&*5G*CT,)"#)//X1*/,)T'$-*#%*1-"&*,*^1'//)()-"#*&-.,"&*/%$*(%$$-(#)%"_*F$)%$*#%*/)T)"H*1')#*
2GH?$'RWUN$PW?N$KMTJTK$HM$J$\JLJMIHMT$RO$NGK$PKUHN?$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$ILJHP$JMS$
QRNKMNHJL$GJUP$>KU?W?$NGK$3KOKMSJMNA?$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$JMRMXPRW?LX$J?$TWJUJMNKKS$\X$
NGK$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN#$2GW?^$NGK$'RWUN$PJX$HMYWHUK$HMNR$VGJN$SJPJTK?$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$
dd$
PHTGN$UKIR>KU$HM$NGH?$?WHN#$9TJHM^$=LJHMNHOO$GJ?$MRN$JUNHIWLJNKS$JMX$?QKIHOHI$SJPJTK?$J?$
UKYWHUKS$\X$NGK$A+"#:&'+$NK?N#$8WN^$UKTJUSLK??$RO$VGJN$RNGKU$SJPJTK?$=LJHMNHOO$ILJHP?^$
=LJHMNHOO$IJMMRN$UKIR>KU$QWMHNH>K$SJPJTK?$HM$NGH?$PJNNKU#$$$
C/0$y$l%%#)n%$?JX?^$a=WMHNH>K$SJPJTK?$PJX$\K$UKIR>KUKS$RMLX$HO$NGK$QLJHMNHOO$
?GJLL$JLLKTK$JMS$QUR>K$QW\LHIJNHRM$VHNG$LKTJL$PJLHIK$JMS$NGJN$NGK$MKV?QJQKU^$PJTJfHMK^$
RU$QKUHRSHIJL$OJHLKS$NR$PJ[K$IRM?QHIWRW?$JMS$NHPKLX$QW\LHIJNHRM$RO$J$IRUUKINHRM$JONKU$
UKIKH>HMT$?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRM#b$2GK$?NJNWNK$UKYWHUK?$NGJN$J$a?WOOHIHKMN$
SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRMb$PW?N$\K$J$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRM$NGJN$a?QKIHOHK?$NGK$?NJNKPKMN$RU$
?NJNKPKMN?$ILJHPKS$NR$\K$OJL?K$JMS$SKOJPJNRUX^$?NJNK?$VGKUKHM$NGKX$JUK$OJL?K^$JMS$?KN?$
ORUNG$NGK$OJIN?#b$.WUNGKU^$NGK$SKPJMS$PW?N$\K$aSKLH>KUKS$NR$NGK$SKOKMSJMN$QUHRU$NR$NGK$
IRPPKMIKPKMN$RO$NGK$JINHRM#b$"M$@JX$%+^$R>KU$J$PRMNG$JONKU$OHLHMT$?WHN$JMS$?KMSHMT$J$
IRQX$RO$NGK$'RPQLJHMN$NR$3KOKMSJMN^$=LJHMNHOO$?KMN$3KOKMSJMNA?$IRWM?KL$J$LKNNKU$
IGJUJINKUHfKS$J?$J$a?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRM#b$2++$=LJHMNHOOA?$@JX$%+$LKNNKU^$
JNNJIGKS$J?$234)5)#*7;#$.RU$J$MWP\KU$RO$UKJ?RM?^$HN$SRK?$MRN$YWJLHOX$J?$J$a?WOOHIHKMN$
SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRM#b$$
.HU?N^$J$a?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRMb$VHLL$?QKIHOX$aNGK$?NJNKPKMN$RU$
?NJNKPKMN?$ILJHPKS$NR$\K$OJL?K$JMS$SKOJPJNRUX#b$2R$?QKIHOX$NGR?K$?NJNKPKMN?^$=LJHMNHOO$
UKOKUUKS$TKMKUJLLX$NR$GH?$'RPQLJHMN#$=LJHMNHOOA?$'RPQLJHMN$JLLKTKS$\RNG$SKOJPJNHRM$JMS$
HM>J?HRM$RO$QUH>JIX^$JMS$SHS$MRN$JUNHIWLJNK$VGHIG$JINHRM?$RU$?NJNKPKMN?$JUK$JLLKTKS$NR$\K$
SKOJPJNRUX$JMS$VGHIG$JINHRM?$RU$?NJNKPKMN?$JUK$JLLKTKS$NR$\K$JM$HM>J?HRM$RO$QUH>JIX#$
2GH?$H?$MRN$J$?QKIHOHI$HSKMNHOHIJNHRM$RO$?NJNKPKMN$RU$?NJNKPKMN?$ILJHPKS$NR$\K$OJL?K$JMS$
SKOJPJNRUX$UKYWHUKS$\X$C/0$l%%#)n%#$$
0KIRMS^$J$a?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRMb$VHLL$a?KN$ORUNG$NGK$OJIN?#b$=LJHMNHOOA?$
LKNNKU$?HPQLX$JNNJIGKS$J$IRQX$RO$NGK$'RPQLJHMN$VGHIG^$JTJHM^$IRMNJHM?$MK\WLRW?LX$
IGJUJINKUHfKS$JLLKTJNHRM?$SRK?$MRN$a?KN$ORUNG$NGK$OJIN?w$J?$UKYWHUKS$\X$C/0$l%%#)n%5*6#$$
2GHUS^$=LJHMNHOOA?$@JX$%+$LKNNKU$H?$MRN$J$a?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRMb$WMSKU$
C/0$l%%#)n%$\KIJW?K$J$a?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRMb$PW?N$\K$aSKLH>KUKS$NR$NGK$
dl$
SKOKMSJMN$QUHRU$NR$NGK$IRPPKMIKPKMN$RO$NGK$JINHRM#b$(M$=LJHMNHOOA?$'RPQLJHMN^$=LJHMNHOO$
LH?NKS$3KOKMSJMNA?$KPJHL$JSSUK??^$aMRNZJIR\QJXMKuTPJHL#IRPb$J?$JM$JLHJ?#$=LJHMNHOO$
UKLHKS$RM$NGJN$KPJHL$JSSUK??$NGUKK$SJX?$JONKU$OHLHMT$NGK$'RPQLJHMN$NR$?KMS$3KOKMSJMN$J$
IRQX$RO$NGK$'RPQLJHMN$JMS$@RNHRM$ORU$(MZWMINH>K$/KLHKO#$!RNGHMT$QUK>KMNKS$=LJHMNHOO$
OURP$SRHMT$?R$QUK&?WHN$NR$UKYWK?N$J$IRUUKINHRM$RU$UKNUJINHRM$WMSKU$C/0$l%%#)n%#$9$
CKMNWI[X$OKSKUJL$IRWUN$GJ?$UKIRTMHfKS$NGJN$=LJHMNHOOA?$OJHLWUK$NR$?KMS$J$?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$
IRUUKINHRM$NR$J$SKOKMSJMN$QUK>KMN?$UKIR>KUX$RO$QWMHNH>K$SJPJTK?^$MRNHMT^$aNGK$QLJHM$LJMTWJTK$
RO$NGK$?NJNWNK$UKYWHUK?$NGJN$NGK$SKPJMS$\K$?W\PHNNKS$QUHRU$NR$IRPPKMIHMT$LHNHTJNHRM#b$
?4&'+)B=)N!"/4+<'+:)O"'+:9:&<+C)8"/=^$te%$.#0WQQ#$pdl$5-#3#CX#$%ppl6#$$
=LJHMNHOOA?$OJHLWUK$NR$SKLH>KU$J$?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRM$QUHRU$NR$OHLHMT$?WHN$
ORUKILR?K?$NGK$QR??H\HLHNX$RO$QWMHNH>K$SJPJTK?$JMS$SKIUKJ?K?$NGK$=LJHMNHOOA?$HMNKUK?N$HM$
WMSKUPHMHMT$3KOKMSJMNA?$.HU?N$9PKMSPKMN$HMNKUK?N$HM$?QKJ[HMT$JMRMXPRW?LX#$
ZJ CT,)"#)//X1*5-4,I)%$*1'$$%'"&)"H*&)1(%I-$G*$-I-,T1*#4-*#$'-*F'$F%1-*%/*4)1*1')#*
=LJHMNHOOA?$OJHLWUK$NR$?KMS$J$SKPJMS$ORU$IRUUKINHRM$J?$UKYWHUKS$\X$?NJNWNK$QUHRU$NR$
OHLHMT$?WHN$HLLWPHMJNK?$JM$WMSKUIWUUKMN$HM$=LJHMNHOOA?$JINHRM?c$W?K$RO$NGK$'RWUN$NR$WMPJ?[$
J$SH??KMNHMT^$JMRMXPRW?$>RHIK$JMS$NGK$JNNKPQN$NR$IHUIWP>KMN$QURIKSWUJL$UKYWHUKPKMN?$
NGJN$VRWLS$QUR>HSK$NGK$UKYWHUKS$MRNHIK$NR$3KOKMSJMN#$0KMSHMT$J$?WOOHIHKMN$SKPJMS$ORU$
IRUUKINHRM$QUHRU$NR$OHLHMT$?WHN$VRWLS$GJ>K$UH?[KS$NGJN$NGK$3KOKMSJMN$IRPQLHKS$VHNG$NGK$
SKPJMS$JMS$UKPJHM$JMRMXPRW?#$(M?NKJS^$=LJHMNHOO$IGR?K$NR$OHLK$?WHN$JMS$H??WK$JM$+Z)
9!:'+^$WMNHPKLX^$JMS$HM>JLHS$?W\QRKMJ$RM$ERRTLK$NR$SH?IR>KU$NGK$?QKJ[KUA?$HSKMNHNX#$
9ONKU$UKIKH>HMT$=LJHMNHOOA?$@JX$%+$LKNNKU^$3KOKMSJMN$HMSHIJNKS$GH?$VHLLHMTMK??$NR$IRM?HSKU$
UKPR>HMT$ROOKMSHMT$?NJNKPKMN?$OURP$GH?$VK\?HNK$HO$NGK$=LJHMNHOO$VRWLS$HMSHIJNK$VHNG$NGK$
UKYWHUKS$?QKIHOHIHNX$VGHIG$?NJNKPKMN?$GK$IRM?HSKUKS$NR$\K$IRWMNKUOJINWJL#$2++$
3KOKMSJMNA?$@JX$*l$LKNNKU$JN$234)5)#*76#$
dn$
(M?NKJS$RO$JUNHIWLJNHMT$NGK$ROOKMSHMT$?NJNKPKMN?$JMS$QRNKMNHJLLX$MKTRNHJNHMT$J$
PWNWJLLX$JTUKKJ\LK$UK?RLWNHRM^$=LJHMNHOO$IRMNHMWK?$NR$QWU?WK$NGK$JVK?RPK$QRVKU$RO$NGH?$
'RWUN$NR$HMOUHMTK$WQRM$3KOKMSJMNA?$IRM?NHNWNHRMJLLX&QURNKINKS$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$
JMRMXPRW?LX$RM$NGK$(MNKUMKN#$$
=LJHMNHOOA?$SKIH?HRM?$RM$GRV$NR$QURIKKS$HLLWPHMJNK$GH?$NUWK$PRNH>K?$JMS$NGK$'RWUN$
?GRWLS$K]JPHMK$IUHNHIJLLX$NGK?K$SKIH?HRM?#$2GH?$?WHN$H?$MRN$J\RWN$SJPJTK_NGK$=LJHMNHOO$
GJ?$?JHS$J?$PWIG$GHP?KLO13_\WN$J\RWN$LK>KUJTHMT$NGK$QRVKU$RO$NGH?$'RWUN$NR$K]QR?K$NGK$
3KOKMSJMN$J?$JM$KMS$HM$HN?KLO^$J\RWN$?KHfHMT$NGH?$RQQRUNWMHNX$NR$IGHLL$SH??KMN$JMS$
HMNHPHSJNK$RNGKU?$VGR$PHTGN$YWK?NHRM$=LJHMNHOOA?$QLJIK$JMS$>JLWK$HM$NGK$PJU[KNQLJIK$RO$
HSKJ?#$2GK$GJUP$SRMK$\X$JLLRVHMT$=LJHMNHOO$NR$R\NJHM$SH?IR>KUX$HM$NGH?$PJNNKU$VRWLS$MRN$
\K$LHPHNKS$NR$NGK$3KOKMSJMN#$/JNGKU^$KMORUIHMT$=LJHMNHOOA?$?W\QRKMJ$VRWLS$GJ>K$J$
IGHLLHMT$KOOKIN$RM$RMLHMK$QRLHNHIJL$SH?IRWU?K$HM$NGK$'RPPRMVKJLNG_SH?IRWU?K$NGK$1#0#$
0WQUKPK$'RWUN$GJ?$?JHS$MKKS?$a\UKJNGHMT$URRP#b$9LLRVHMT$=LJHMNHOO$NR$W?K$NGK$'RWUN$NR$
aRWNb$JM$JMRMXPRW?$SH??KMNKU$VHLL$UKSWIK$NGK$>H\UJMIX$RO$QRLHNHIJL$?QKKIG$CKMNWI[X$
JMS$?W\ZKIN$RNGKU$CKMNWI[HJM?$NR$?WHN?$VGR?K$QUHPJUX$QWUQR?K$H?$NR$HMNHPHSJNK$
SH??KMNKU?$HMNR$?W\PH??HRM#$$
?%"(T'1)%"*
=LJHMNHOOA?$H??WJMIK$RO$JM$+Z)9!:'+)JMS$WMNHPKLX)?W\QRKMJ$VJ?$HPQURQKU#$=LJHMNHOO$
GJ?$OJHLKS$NR$PJ[K$NGK$UKYWHUKS$?GRVHMT?$MKIK??JUX$NR$HMOUHMTK$WQRM$3KOKMSJMNA?$UHTGN$
NR$QJUNHIHQJNK$HM$QRLHNHIJL$SH?IRWU?K$\X$?QKJ[HMT$JMRMXPRW?LX$RM$NGK$(MNKUMKN#$=LJHMNHOOA?$
JINHRM?$SKPRM?NUJNK$NGJN$NGH?$?WHN$H?$?HPQLX$JM$JNNKPQN$NR$YWHKN$IUHNHIH?P$JMS$R>KUJVK$
SH??KMNKU?$\X$?KK[HMT$NGK$JVK?RPK$QRVKU$RO$NGH?$'RWUN$NR$?NUHQ$?QKJ[KU?$RO$NGKHU$
JMRMXPHNX#$$$
13 See Plaintiff’s March 31 post in which Plaintiff expresses gratitude to Defendant and explains that Defendant’s actions will help him “rake in even more [money].” Exhibit 19.
mp:clients:anonymous blogger:pleadings:memo in support of motion to quash [final].doc
d+$
2GH?$'RWUN$GJ?$NGK$SH?IUKNHRM$NR$VKHTG$NGK$PKUHN?$RO$=LJHMNHOOA?$JLLKTJNHRM?$JMS$
ILJHP?$RO$SJPJTK$JTJHM?N$3KOKMSJMNA?$UHTGN$NR$?QKJ[$JMRMXPRW?LX$JMS$YWJ?G$=LJHMNHOOA?$
HPQURQKU^$WMNHPKLX^$+Z)9!:'+$?W\QRKMJ#$2GK$'RWUN$?GRWLS$K]KUIH?K$NGJN$SH?IUKNHRM$JMS$
YWJ?G$NGH?$?W\QRKMJ#$$$
/K?QKINOWLLX$0W\PHNNKS^$$$
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz$8KM$'JUNKU$@RUUH?$q$=LJXKU$=<<'$%*%%$7KUU$<M#^$0WHNK$*)n$<RWH?>HLLK^$C:$$l)***$n)*&l*+&dld)$2KLKQGRMK$n)*&l*+&d+dd$.JI?HPHLK$$K7."<+%)(7:)$%!&"'&(()
*?2LP!0!?AP2*W0*+2L\!?2*
$2GK$J\R>K$?HTMJNWUK$IKUNHOHK?$NGJN$J$IRQX$GKUKRO$VJ?$GJMS&SKLH>KUKS$RM$,WMK$+^$*)%%^$NRc$$3JMHKL$'JMRM$'LJX$.UKSUHI[$9SJP?^$=<'$@KHSHMTKU$2RVKU^$0WHNK$%)%$l+*$0#$.RWUNG$0N#$<RWH?>HLLK^$C:$l)*)*$K7."<+%)(7:)A+(+"#!"'C),JIR\$=JXMK$$
