james bruce, o.c., frsc
TRANSCRIPT
TROUBLE IN THE SWEET SEAS:THE SAGA OF GREAT LAKES POLLUTION
Chicago, Jan. 23, 2013
James P. (Jim) Bruce, O.C., FRSC
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Seas
onal
Ave
rage
Ice
Cov
er (%
)
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Winters 1973 -2008
Lake Erie
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Seas
onal
Ave
rage
Ice
Cov
er (%
)
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Winters 1973 -2008
Lake St. Clair
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Seas
onal
Ave
rage
Ice
Cov
er (%
)
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Winters 1973 -2008
Lake Huron
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Seas
onal
Ave
rage
Ice
Cov
er (%
)
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Winters 1973 -2008
Lake Michigan
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Seas
onal
Ave
rage
Ice
Cov
er (
%)
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Winters 1973 -2008
Lake Superior
0
10
20
30
40
50
Seas
onal
Ave
rage
Ice
Cov
er (%
)
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Winters 1973 -2008
St. Clair
Erie
Huron
Michigan
Superior
Linear Trends5-year moving average
Tens of thousands of dead fish rotting on Lake Erie shore
Toronto Star 4 September 2012
August 2010 ⁰C above normal
Temps near Surface ⁰C
Superior 8 21Michigan 4Erie 27Ontario 24
(Austin, 2010, U. of Minn. Duluth)
