jan march 2014

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TEXTILE VALUE CHAIN Magazine issues Latest News Quality Articles Meaningful Interviews Reports / Forecast Updated Events Directory Many more...

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New Year Greetings to all subscribers, Advertisers, well-wishers, and supporters of Textile Value Chain. May the New Year fulfil your all plans of growth and development!

We are glad to present this issue of TVC, the cover story of which is confined to the realm of industrial finance.

Finance is the lifeline of any industry. It is said that banks always support successful companies and companies getting adequate and timely finance on favorable terms always succeed.The reverse of this is, unless adequate banking facilities are available companies cannot succeed and because companies are unsuccessful banks do not open their cash vaults. This should not become the chicken and egg problem. The vicious circle must be broken.

Since the scheme of rejuvenation has not engulfed the entire industry, and as a result a large number of mills are still struggling to find their feet. Besides, tremendous volatility in cotton prices and also in man-made fibre prices in the recent period has weakened the financial muscles of the industry. All this reflects in the long queue for availment of assistance under the Corporate Debt Restructuring Scheme (CDR). The restructured textile accounts of ten banks, accounting for 57% of the total restructured assets for all the banks covered by the RBI study, stood at Rs 190 billion as on 30th September, 2013 accounting for nearly 10 Per cent of the total restructured accounts.

The power loom sector which accounts for over 60% of the aggregate cloth production in the country is still lagging behind in technology upgradation, despite the Investment-friendly Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme introduced on 1st April, 1999. The leaders of the power loom industry grieve their inability to offer collateral security to the investing banks. The Ministry of Textiles and the Textile Commissioner should consider this issue on priority. If this problem is not attacked on war footing, the backlog of modernization in the power loom sector will keep on swelling.

To lend competitive edge to the industry in the international market, the rupee export credit should be made available at 7 Per cent. The interest rate for the working capital for domestic operations should also be reduced substantially.

Being the premiere industry, accounting for a chunk of foreign exchange earnings and the largest provider of industrial jobs, the textile industry, with the proverbial low-profit profile, deserves the priority-sector status, the lending target for which should be jacked up from 40% to 50 %.

At the same time, the banking sector will be able to multiply its resources for lending purposes, if a recent suggestion of a RBI panel, under the chairmanship of Shri Nachiket Mor, to keep the target of enlarging the banking landscape to cover every resident Indian above 18 years of age, with a full-service account, and every account holder having an electronic payment access point within 15 minutes of the walk is accepted.

Let us hope for the best.

Priority-Sector Status needed for Textile Industry

State-of-the-art technologies

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INDUSTRY Mr. Devchand Chheda – City Editor - Vyapar ( Janmabhumi Group)

Mr. Manohar Samuel- Joint President, Birla Cellulose, Grasim Industries

Mr. Aditya Biyani- Marketing Director, Damodar Group

Dr. M. K. Talukdar – VP, Kusumgar Corporates

Mr. Shailendra Pandey, VP (Head – Sales and Marketing),Indian Rayon

EDUCATION / RESEARCH

Mr. B.V. Doctor - HOD knitting, SASMIRA ,

Dr. Ela Dedhia- Associate Professor, Nirmala Niketan College

Dr. Mangesh D. Teli – Professor, Ex.HOD & Dean ICT (former UDCT) ,

Dr. S.K. Chattopadhyay,Principal Scientist & Head MPD, CIRCOT

Dr. Rajan Nachane, Retired Scientist, CIRCOT

9

Government News

10

Economy News

11

Association News

12

Corporate News

13

International News

14, 15, 16

SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Lesson from China on HR

English Communication – Employability Skill

COVER STORY : FINANCE, Lifeline of Industry.

19

Bank Finance in Textile industry

By Mr. Avinash Mayekar

20

Voice of Powerloom Sector

Interview with President Bhiwandi Powerloom Federation Ltd.

21

Interviews from Banks

IOB & OBC

22

Industry Views

Mr. Nilay Rathi & Mr. Surendra Shetty

25 to 29

Cost competitiveness in Textiles and Clothing Sector

By Prof. M.D. Teli

29

Rise in Restructured Assets

By Care Rating Agency

30

Technical Article: Fragrance Finishing of Textiles – A Review

32

Report : TAI – All India Textile Conference, Surat

33 to 36

Technical Article: Biomimetics in Textiles

39

Launch of Enka Brand by Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd.

41

Technical Article: Composite Textile application in Aerospace Technology

46

Fashion Forecast : Print Forecast

49

Market Research Article : Teens affected by Fashion

POST SHOW REPORT

54

Indiatex 2013, Vapi

55

Fibre To Fashion 2013, Surat

56

Techtexil 2013, Mumbai

57

IRANTEX & Seminar by MANTRA

58

Company Profile : SGS Innovations & Digital Consulting

59

Fabric Report

61

National Household Survey findings, by Textile Committee

63

Tradeshow Details

EDITORIAL TEAM

Editorial Advisor Shri V.Y. Tamhane

Graphic DesignerInteractive Technology

Editorial Support & Expert CommitteeMrs. Nimmi Kothari, Microbiologist

Editor & PublisherMs. Jigna Shah

CONSULTANT / ASSOCIATION

Mr. Avinash Mayekar, MD, Suvin Advisor Pvt. Ltd.

Mr. Shivram Krishnan, Senior Textile Advisor

Mr. G. Benerjee, Management & Industrial Consultant

Mr. Uttam Jain, Director- PDEXCIL; VP of Hindustan chamber of commerce

Mr. Jaykrishna Pathak, President, Bombay Yarn Merchant Association & Exchange Ltd.

Mr. Shiv Kanodia- Sec General, Bharat Merchant Chamber

Mr. N.D. Mhatre, Dy. Director, ITAMMA

JAN- MARCH 2014 ISSUE

Chief – In – EditorMs. Rajul J. Shah

Advertising & SalesMd. Tanweer

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January 22-24, 2014

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Status Quo in the Definition Of Handloom Under Handloom

Reservation Act

The apprehension of a change in definition of ‘handloom’ has triggered speculation and insecurity amongst a section of weavers and handloom activities and given a mistaken impression on handloom activists that Government has taken a decision to allow the introduction of automatic machines to replace handlooms and that the Government intends to change the definition of ‘handlooms to include such mechanized looms’.

In this regard, it is clarified that no change is contemplated by Ministry of Textiles, in definition of ‘handloom’, which has been defined as “any loom other than powerloom”under the Handlooms (Reservation of Articles for Production) Act, 1985.

Handloom weaving constitutes one of the richest and most vibrant aspects of the Indian cultural heritage. As per handloom census 2009-10, the handloom sector provides employment to 43.3 lakh weavers and allied workers whereas the number was 65 lakh in 1995-96. The reduction in number of handloom weavers has been a cause of concern for Government. The sector is facing constraints such as lack of technological upgradation, inadequate availability of inputs, non-availability of adequate and timely credit, lack of contemporary designs etc. Further a trend is noticed that the younger generation is not willing to continue with this profession or be attracted to it owing to low generation of income and hard labour required to operate looms whereas easier earning options are available.

The Government has been considering various ways to arrest this decline and has b e e n i m p l e m e n t i n g v a r i o u s developmental and welfare schemes to sustain the handloom sector. To improve the productivity and reduce the manual

labour on loom, the Advisory Committee on Handloom Reservation Act, in its meeting held on August 10, 2012 had recommended the modifications in definition of handloom as“handloom means any loom, other than powerloom; and includes any hybrid loom on which at least one process for weaving requires manual intervention or human energy for production’.

Various aspects pertaining to amendment of the definition and other incidental issues has recently been studied in greater detail by a sub-committee of the Advisory Committee which was constituted for the purpose. The committee of officials comprising of representatives from various states, Textile Committee, Textile Commissioner, Powerloom division and Development Commiss ioner for handlooms have studied the matter in depth and submitted a report.

The Sub-Committee while visiting different parts of the country examined various issues including different types of looms being operated by handloom weavers in handloom clusters across the c o u n t r y , t h e e x t e n t o f modernization/mechanization being carried out in different parts of the country, scope for further improvement /upgradation of looms mechanically without use of power to reduce manual labour and to improve productivity without compromising the quality of handloom fabric and the possibility of replicating such interventions in other handloom clusters/pockets.

The Sub-Committee submitted its report on 29th October, 2013 to Government. The Sub-Committee has recommended that in the process of weaving, the weaver does not use power and hence definition of handloom need not be changed and it should remain in the purest form.The Ministry of Textiles has accepted the report of the sub-committee and no amendment in the Handloom Reservation Actto change the definition of handloom is contemplated.

Petrapole, Benapole Land Customs Stations to be Operational Seven Days A Week , Major Relief to Exporters from Congestion on Bangladesh Border

Petrapole and Benapole (Bangladesh side) Land Customs Stations will now be made operational 7 days a week from 1st January, 2014. This move came in the wake of Union Minister of Textiles Dr. K.S. Rao writing to Union Finance Minister S h r i P. C h i d a m b a r a m a b o u t t h e congestion at Bangladesh border. Various exporters had raised this issue with the Textiles Minister in a recent meeting. “The move will ease off the way for trade between the two countries and it will especially benefit the textiles sectors of both the countries,” said Dr. Rao.

The Finance Ministry has taken measures to facilitate the trade at Petrapole including extended working hours for the functioning of Customs at Petrapole and a l igning the weekly hol iday with Bangladesh so as to provide more work ing days to the trade. The movement of trucks carrying export cargo is allowed up to the LCS of the importing country for discharge of cargo. Regular meetings are being held between the jurisdictional Commissioners of Customs of India and Bangladesh as well as meetings with trade at the border to address issues of concern to the trade. These steps are expected to ease out the traffic congestion to a large extent.

The delay in movement of export cargo at Petrapole i s pr imar i ly due to infrastructural inadequacies at LCS, Petrapole emerg ing out o f road conditions, traffic congestion and lack of authorized parking facilities. These issues are being taken up with the district administration. To address these further, the Land Ports Authority of India is building an Integrated Check Post (ICP) i n c o r p o r a t i n g s t a t e o f t h e a r t infrastructural facilities at Petrapole, which is expected to be ready by operation in 2014 which wi l l fur ther reduce congestion and ensure smooth flow of goods being exported from India to Bangladesh.

GOVERNMENT NEWS

For Updated & Complete News Visit , www.textilevaluechain.com News Section

GOVERNMENT NEWS

9 TEXTILE VALUE CHAIN | Jan-March 2014|www.textilevaluechain.com

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Source : Ministry of Textile

Implementation of Yarn Supply Scheme (YSS) during 12th Plan

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the continuation of the Mill Gate Price Scheme (MGPS) along with 10 percent subsidy component with modifications. The scheme is now renamed as the Yarn Supply Scheme (YSS).

The plan outlay for YSS during the 12th Plan will be Rs.443 crore.

The scheme will cover the weavers who are under privileged as also vulnerable groups, by providing them subsidized yarn so that they can compete with the powerloom and mill sector. The target for the 12th Plan will be to supply 3506lakh kg yarn worth Rs.4364 crore.

The target of providing service to beneficiaries under YSS has been accordingly fixed to serve all 23 lakh handloom units.

The following modifications have been carried out in the existing scheme in the 12th Plan:

1.At present, 10 percent subsidy on mill gate price is payable to cotton yarn and domestic silk with quantity restrictions. Under the new scheme restriction for cotton yarn will be as follows:

(I) up to and including 40s -

30 kg per loom/month

(ii) above 40s - 10 kg per

loom/month.

For domestic silk, quantity restriction will continue to be four kg per loom/month.

2. Along with hank yarn and domestic silk, 10 percent subsidy will also be applicable to wool for individual weavers and weavers cooperative societies only, with t h e f o l l o w i n g q u a n t i t y

limitation/maximum limit:

3. To increase the coverage of primary weavers societies and individual weavers

and also to introduce cash sale of yarn especially to small weavers instead of payment of advance to precede indenting and supply of yarn with a gap of about 15 to 45 days , Nat iona l Hand loom Development Corporation (NHDC) now proposes to open distribution centres/warehouses in various parts of the country. To begin with 10 such distribution centres are to be set up.

4. Service charges to NHDC are proposed to be enhanced by 0.5 percent in all the States.

Background:

The Government of India has been implementing MGPS since 1992 for making yarn available to handloom weavers at mill gate price by reimbursing transportation charges to depot operating agencies, which are primary weavers cooperative societies, apex societies and other handloom organisations.

DGFT and Enforcement Directorate Sign MoU on Foreign Exchange Data Sharing

The Enforcement Directorate today signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) for sharing of foreign exchange realization data. This data is also known as eBRC (Electronic Bank Realization Certificate) data.

The Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Shri Anand Sharma presided over the ceremony in which Dr. Rajan Katoch, Director, Enforcement, Ministry of Finance and Director General of Foreign Trade Dr. Anup K Pujari signed the MoU for sharing of foreign exchange realization data. Finance Secretary Shri Sumit Bose, Commerce Secretary Shri S R Rao and other senior officials were present during the event.

Speaking on the occasion, Shri Sharma said that data sharing with government d e p a r t m e n t s w o u l d i n c r e a s e transparency, reduce the human interface and improve the ease of doing business in India. “The eBRC project is a significant step in this direction and will contribute considerably in reducing the transaction

cost of our exporters," added Shri Sharma.

Bank Realization Certificate (BRC) is required for discharge of export obligation and claiming of incentives under Foreign Trade Policy. BRC is also used by state government departments for refund of VAT. In addition, this data is an important economic indicator as it quantif ies transaction level export earnings.

Earlier, the banks issued physical copy of BRC to the exporters and no data mining or analysis was possible. The process for BRC issuance and subsequent utilization were largely manual and department centric. The exporters suffered most as they had to run to banks and government departments for claiming benefits.

The eBRC project was launched on June 5, 2012, which made the process secure and online. It created an integrated platform for receipt, processing and subsequent use of all Bank Realization related information by exporters, banks, c e n t r a l a n d s t a t e g o v e r n m e n t departments. It was made mandatory with effect from August 17, 2012.

e-BRC project enables banks to upload Foreign Exchange realisation information relating to merchandise goods exports on to the DGFT server under a secured protocol. So far 90 banks operating in India, including foreign banks and cooperative banks have uploaded more than 75 lakh e-BRCs on to the DGFT server. This initiative has reduced the cost of transaction for exporters by eliminating their interface with bank (for issuance of BRC purposes) and enhanced the productivity of banks and DGFT. At the state level, Commercial Tax Departments of Maharashtra, Delhi, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Chhattisgarh have signed MoU with DGFT for receiving e-BRC data for VAT refund purposes. Many other states are in the process of signing MOUs. DGFT is in talks with RBI for expanding the coverage of this data for setting up an efficient mechanism for foreign exchange monitoring.

TEXTILE VALUE CHAIN | Jan-March 2014|www.textilevaluechain.com

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ECONOMY NEWS

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Source : Ministry of commerce

TEXPROCIL Welcomes DGFT’s move to Simplify

The DGFT has issued Notication No.63 dated 3rd January 2014 dispensing with the requirements of submission of hard copies of the documents even when applications for issuance of Registration Certicate for items like cotton and cotton yarn were being accepted on line.

Shri Manikam Ramaswami, Chairman, Texprocil has welcomed the move of the DGFT to simplify the procedures in the case of commodities like cotton and cotton yarn which are under a registration process. He stated that most of the procedures have been simplied by the DGFT’s ofce and this was the only pending requirement which will give a huge relief to the exporters by saving their time, money and energy and enable them to concentrate on market development programmes.

With the online registration of cotton and cotton yarn being operationalized fully the data can also now be published on a regular basis for both cotton and cotton yarn registration so that the exporters can be informed about the extent of the export of these commodities and take proper steps to implement their strategies. With the online system fully in operation, it should be easy for the Commerce Ministry to publish such data.

Shri Manikam Ramaswami pointed out that these procedural simplication will go a long way in reducing the transaction costs of exporters and with the necessary policy support the target set for the textile sector for the scal year 2013-14 will be achieved.

VIRENDER UPPAL, TAKES OVER AS CHAIRMAN of AEPC

ASSOCIATION NEWS

Virender Uppal has been unanimously elected as Chairman of Apparel Export Promotion Council, by the Executive Committee of AEPC, for a term of two years i.e 2014- 15. It will be his second tenure as Chairman AEPC. Prior to this he was Chairman AEPC, during 2002-03 and Senior Vice Chairman, Northern Region AEPC between 2000-01.

He has been in the Executive Committee of the AEPC since 1988. He was Chairman Finance & Budget Sub-Committee, AEPC during 1999. Uppal was also the Chairman of the Project Implementation Committee which headed the various projects of the Council especially the current head ofce of AEPC i.e Apparel House under his guidance. He also spearheaded the Garment Export Association as the President during 1992-93.

Virender Uppal is the Chairman of Richa Global Export pvt. Ltd. is a leading garment exporter. Dealing in both woven and knitted garments exporting mainly to USA & EU and is also in the business of exports of leather garments and accessories.

Richa Global Exports Pvt. Ltd employs around 8000 peoples and has the manufacturing capacity of 1.5 million pieces per month. With his resilient dynamism and encompassing vision, he has been instrumental in providing impetus to the garment exports from the country.

FAITMA MEET – An evening to remember

Faitma arranged a special programme on 27th December 2013 to listen to the speeches of four experts drawn from diverse elds.

Shri Ramesh Poddar, President, FAITMA welcomed all.He said, “ Like a bouquet of different owers with different f r a g r a n c e , t h i s evening brings you t h e u n i q u e opportunity to listern

to four stalwarts in diverse elds ”.

In the array of speakers were two Senior Ofcers of the State Government, namely Shri Ramesh Aade and Shri S.J.Korabu. The rst-named ofcer explained the nuances of the State Textile Policy. The second ofcer unravelled the intricacies of the State Industrial Policy. The third speaker Shri Amitabh Taneja of Images India emphasised on the consumption story and forecast a bright future for the textile industry. He referred to the forthcoming 4th edition of InFashion, a glittering opportunity to display the strength of the Textile and Fashion industry. Shri Arun Ohri, Director of Adfactors Advertising and PR Ltd., the last speaker, focussed on the importance of advertising for a consumer product like textiles.

Shri Rameshji gave his best wishes to all for New year 2014, and said, ‘ All human beings always look forward to the New Year with lot of hopes. We always feel that the New Year will give opportunity to full our dreams.’

He continues “ So far as the textile industry is concerned, the New Year is bound to be good. The economy of our two major markets viz the U.S.A and Euro zone has started looking up. At the same time, China has its own problems and the cost of production of textiles in China is on the rise. With the anticipated bumper production of cotton in the cotton season 2013-2014, there may not be sharp volatility in its prices. This will also have salutary impact on prices of man-made bres and lament yarns. In view of the expected improvement in textile economy, I urge on all of you to participate in Infashion 2014 which will lead to improvement in the top line and the bottom line of your balancesheet.”

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INVISTA and Lenzing work together to bring improved performance to denim fabrics

INVISTA, owner of LYCRA® bre, and Lenzing, a leading producer of man-made cellulosics like rayon, modal, and lyocell, are working together to bring improved aesthetic performance to stretch fabrics. By combining INVISTA’s patented LYCRA® dua l FX® f ab r i c t e chno logy w i t h LENZING’s TENCEL® bre, the two companies are delivering a unique solution to the industry: cellulosic denim fabrics with signicantly improved shape retention.

“Given the growing popularity of both LYCRA® bre and TENCEL® bre in the denim market, it was only natural that people wanted to combine them to come up with really amazing fabrics”, Albiero said. “However, as mills began experimenting they encountered issues such as growth, fabrics not keeping their shape, and fabric puckering due to seam slippage.”

Lenzing is pleased to work with INVISTA to help our customers develop commercial fabrics with strong marketing attributes. Both companies have global sales, marketing and technical teams supporting the developments and they will provide joint promotional materials as well as supply chain support and marketing information.

“This initiative represents two globally innovative bre companies working together to provide the denim market with fabrics that meet the performance needs of modern consumers”, says Michael Kininmonth, Senior Project Manager of Denim at Lenzing Fibres Inc. “Superior comfort with stretch and long-lasting recovery are set to become the next core product in women’s wear.”

Garware Wall Ropes receives ‘Top Exporter Award’ award from ‘The Plastics export Promotion Council’

Garware Wall Ropes Ltd, (GWRL), a leading manufacturer of polymer cordages for the Indian and global markets, was today honoured with the prestigious ‘TOP EXPORTER AWARD’ by The Plastics E x p o r t P r o m o t i o n C o u n c i l (PLEXCONCIL) sponsored by the Department of Commerce, Government of India. GWRL received the award for being the top exporter of Fishing Nets in a year. The award was received by Mr. Milind Mirashi, GM, Exports, Garware Wall Ropes Ltd. at an award function held in The Lalit hotel, Mumbai. The award was presented by Mr. M P Taparia, Managing Director - The Supreme Industries Ltd during the award ceremony.

The Export Award Function included promising companies that, according to PLEXCONCIL, have created a niche in the world markets, achieving excellence while showcasing a deep sense of commitment to cater to customer’s requirements. The companies had to meet the council’s criteria for contribution, dedication, protability, growth, modest indebtedness and future prospects. GWRL’s selection was made in a year wrought with global economic uncertainties but a time when GWRL spearheaded its own business in the highly technology-intensive cordage industry through sustained product and marketing innovation. The company’s reliance on customized product portfolio further helped it to continue growing much faster than many of its peers.

Mr. Mr. Milind Mirashi, GM, Exports, Garware Wall Ropes Ltd. commented, “We are grateful to The Plastics export Promotion Council for honoring us with such a prestigious award. It is a matter of great pride that the Council has chosen to recognize the company’s hard work, commitment and contribution. The award is a prestigious recognition that reects our vigorous growth and protability and is an acknowledgement of our hard work, commitment and the place Garware Wall Ropes Ltd has earned in the industry segment.”

“This recognition will redouble our efforts to provide customized solutions and deliver value globally.” He added.

KNITSHOW-2013 at A.T.E.

A.T.E. organised ‘KNITSHOW’2013’, an unique exhibition-cum-seminar, at its ofce at Andheri on 27 & 28 November 2013. The show was formally inaugurated by Mr Kenichi Motomaru, Director, Juki India Pvt Ltd.

An array of Juki automated industrial sewing machines for chain stitch operation used for knit garments like t-shirts, polo shirts, undergarments and lingerie were on display at the exhibition.

The machines displayed at the exhibition were: cylinderbed atlock with puller; atbed atlock; 4-thread overlock with metering device; 4-needle atseamer; zigzag stitch machine; single needle direct drive lockstitch with auto trimmer; cylinderbed atlock with fabric trimmer and auto trimmer for bottom hemming; cylinderbed atlock with metering device for tape attaching and tape cutter; electronic bartack to join elastic ends, etc.

Apart from the live demo of these Juki machines, seminars on ‘Concept of improving productivity in sewing industry and attachments and devices for knits / lingerie industry’ were held in 2 sessions on each day.

The show received an excellent response with as many as 54 visitors from 24 different companies turning up for the event, which included owners of various leading lingerie brands such as Salient, Valentine, Lady Care, VIP, etc. The visitors applauded this unique initiative and suggested to organise such events more frequently as they help in keeping abreast with the technical advancements at Juki, an innovative company with a continuous stream of new developments.

Many media houses such as Apparel Online, Fashion Era, Textile Value Chain and IPF Online also visited the show and took interviews of the visitors.

CORPORATE NEWS

12TEXTILE VALUE CHAIN | Jan-March 2014|www.textilevaluechain.com


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New Zealand wool prices rm as auction volumes remain low

obtained at last week’s auction, helped by the cancellation of the South Island sale. Moreover, limited volumes are expected to be available at the next sale. Wool Se rv i ce s I n te rna t iona l ’ s Coar se Crossbred Indicator increased by 1.2% to 498 NZ cents per kilo, clean. A more detailed review of price movements is shown in the accompanying table. Of the 12,500 bales of North Island wool on offer, 93% were sold. At the same sale a year earlier, the offering totalled 21,745 bales. The cumulative volume made available at auction this season is now 23.5% down from the comparable level in 2012/13.

M&S praises online approach

Following on from the notable success of UK retailer John Lewis’ ‘omni-channel’ approach, high street rival Marks & Spencer (M&S) has pra i sed the performance of its online sales during the Christmas trading period.

M&S.com general merchandise sales rose by 32% over the eight weeks to December 24. For the retailer, 2013 truly was the rst ‘mobile Christmas,’ as orders from tablets and mobile phones rose by 100% and 80%, respectively.

According to M&S, the company is continuing to increase the volume processed through its e-commerce distribution centre and its new web platform is on track to launch this spring.

“Our strategy to transform M&S into an international, multi-channel retailer, will keep on improving our .com service with the launch of our new platform and our new warehouse at full capacity,” said Marc Bolland, chief executive.

The retailer has reported early signs of improvement in i ts womenswear bus iness , s t a t ing cus tomers a re responding positively to its renewed focus on quality and style. This has resulted in a small market share growth in this area during the 12 weeks to November 24, the rst for three years.

M&S is said to have benetted from good performance across its key categories (including coats, dresses and footwear), coupled with tight stock management.

International business continued to perform well, especially in key markets India and China which delivered double digit growth. International sales were up 8.2% during the Christmas trading period, compared to UK sales, which increased by 2.7%

Gildan Yarns to install $14m air ltration system

Nederman has received an order from Gildan Yarns, LLC to supply a complete turnkey air ltration and air conditioning system to a new yarn spinning facility currently being built by the company in Salisbury, North Carolina, US.Gildan Yarns, LLC is a subsidiary of Gildan Activewear Inc, a leading supplier of quality branded basic family apparel, including T-shirts, eece, sport shirts, socks and underwear. The order is worth SEK 93 million ($14.2m).The Nederman system will reduce dust levels in the new production facility and supply conditioned air to the yarn processing equipment to maintain high production levels. The order includes more than 30 automatic panel lters, ne dust lters, a complete hi-vacuum waste removal, a reclaim system and 6km of ducts. It will reduce dust levels to meet the OSHA regulations (Occupational Safety & Health Administration) stated by US Department of Labor and at the same time reduce the energy required by as much as 25% over conventional air conditioning supply systems, according to Nederman.Sven Kristensson, Nederman CEO, said: “This is one of our largest orders ever. It has been taken in tough competition but we believe that it is an important order in a market where the textile industry increasingly moves back production to the US.”The order is booked in the fourth quarter of 2013 and installation is expected to start during the rst half of 2014 and be

nished during 2015.

Cold Pruf launches FR baselayer

Cold Pruf has developed a new baselayer made from ring spun cotton and Protex M modacrylic in a wafe knit design, designed to provide next-to-skin comfort and ame resistance.

“From reghters and welders to electrical workers and even certain t y p e s o f ou tdoor smen , having a level of re resistance can b e i n c r e d i b l y valuable in some situations,” said John Willingham, p r e s i d e n t o f ColdPruf's parent

company Indera Mi l ls . “So many baselayers on the market are made from synthetic materials that do not respond well to open ames. Natural bres combined with a high tech ame resistant material provide a clear alternative.”The company said the FR HRC1 garments are rated to HRC1 standards and are F1506 compliant, the standard required for electrical workers exposed to electric arcs and related thermal hazards.

US-based ColdPruf is celebrating its 100-year anniversary this year and is seeking new distributors at the upcoming Outdoor Retailer show in Salt Lake City.

Schoeller pursues eco-path in 2015/16 Collection

Schoeller Technologies, the Swiss-based manufacturer of smart and innovative textile technologies, has stated that ‘ fascinating prints with eco-designs’ dominate its 2015/16 Collection which consists of sophisticated fabrics and imaginative 3D textile structures.

A company communiqué added that ‘things will be colourful, mystic and spacey’ in winter 2015/16 but, as ever, the fabrics will be attuned with a degree of functionality.

INTERNATIONAL NEWS Source: www.wtin.com



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Leading Economists opine that every less developed country in the world has passed or passes through a “T-shirt” manufacturing phase in the process of evolution from an Agrarian to Industrial economy. India’s organised Garment export industry also entered the scene in the early 70s much like the other under-developed economies in the world while transforming herself as a “developed economy” since 1991. The Apparel exports have grown to be US$ 14 billion industry since post 2005, with the withering away of quotas, though the industry has not grown as expected owing to a variety of reasons. The domestic branded retail fashion industry has also grown to be more or less equal to the size of India’s apparel exports post economic liberalisation. Both exports and domestic apparel sectors require State-of-art manufacturing facilities.

Richard Locke, Deputy Dean of M.I.T.’s Solan School of Management argues that our insatiable hunger for cheap clothing, in constantly changing styles has created a race to the bottom in which brands perpetually push suppliers for “faster delivery” and “lower prices”. He argues that consumer needs to break that cycle by, well, buying less of the cheap, fast fashion in the stores. This unfortunately is not really going to happen as we all know but what, in this context India as an exporting country needs to do is to move up in the fashion value chain for which Indian Apparel exports need to gear-up by producing higher value garments with more fashion content, while also making an effort to move away from just “summer” goods to more Fall and Winter including structured garments etc. Similarly, we need to have highly skilled workforce with multi-tasking capabilities and higher productivity and efciency levels.

In China, as reported in International Herald Tribune in January 2013, one of the largest factories in Yantai, a coastal city in Northeastern China called on the local government with a problem i.e. a shortage of 19,000 workers as the deadline for execution of an order approached. The ‘Yantai’ ofcials came to the rescue, ordering all vocational high schools to send students undergoing training to the plants. This is a lesson for India’s Vocational Training Providers and the ofcialdom to work with urgency in a collaborative mode to ll atleast the peak season requirements of Indian Apparel industry which in fact deals with perishable “fashion products”.

Apparel industry at the moment is facing similar acute shortage of labour force. Many factories are now working MUCH less than their installed capacity despite favourable inow of orders because of shortage of labour.

In any given year at least 8 million vocational students work on China Assembly Lines, with the minimum legal working age now at 16 years. The concerned ministry in China have ordered vocational schools to ll any shortages in the workforce in China’s manufacturing plants. India has to draw many lessons from this example if it has to protect and progress an industry like Apparel which create massive employment to rural folks especially women and youth aged between 18 to 45 i.e. really, no other manufacturing industry has the potential to create so many jobs. With every Rs. 1 Cr. investment in plant and machinery, apparel industry creates about 400 jobs to the most needy sections of society. Unfortunately, the policy makers have not been paying adequate attention to the potential of the apparel industry in mitigating unemployment and even anti-national movements like Naxalism etc. in certain pockets of the country.

With ATDC’s proactive efforts in the past 3 years through SMART FastTrack shopoor workforce training programmes under the Integrated Skill Development Scheme (ISDS) of Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, there has been visible improvement on the ground. In 2010, when ATDC took the ambitious challenge of training 1,72,000 candidates in 5 years it looked a daunting task and there were many sceptics around. Now having successfully trained over 52,000 candidates in the 2 year period of the pilot project of ISDS contributing to over 50% of entire Ministry of Textiles’ target, ATDC network has turned a new leaf in the journey of “Skilling India” and making the “mission” a movement by the involvement of many State Governments / Agencies / NGOs and leading political and other personalities. This has catalysed investments in new apparel manufacturing facilities apart from rejuvenating languishing crafts in which over 10000 women have been trained. If the Apparel industry decongests from metros and moves to where the workforce is available, there is huge opportunity to create “Apparel Economy” at work in many parts of India especially in the existing and new textile – apparel clusters. Going forward “skilling India” has been made that much more possible and achievable through the efforts of TEAM ATDC.

Many thanks to all those who have directly or indirectly contributed and continue to support this exciting and challenging journey. The 2,50,000 target for training in next 4-5 years beckon the TEAM ATDC to put even more efforts with dedication and commitment.

LESSONS FROM CHINA ON HUMAN RESOURCE ...


Dr. Darlie .O. KoshyDG & CEO, ATDC & IAM

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The Employment Commission of India in the report The Challenges of Employment in India laid heavy stress on the issue of Skills Development in India and pointed out that serious action has to be taken in this regard. The Govt. of India has resolved to train 500 million people by 2022 in the Employability Skills including English. As a result Govt. of India has formed National Skills Development Corporation to identify skill gaps and to promote skill development in India.

WHY ENGLISH MATTERS ?

English Edge: ‘Earn 34% more than others’

Those who speak English uently earn up to 34% more than those who don't speak the language, a recent report has found, conrming the link between an education in English and the scope of employment opportunities.

"Men who speak English uently earn wages about 34% higher and men who speak a little English earn wages about 13% higher than those who don't speak any English," the report said.According to the report, only 20% of the Indian population can speak in English, and only 4% would be considered uent. Where one lives is a key determinant in accessing English medium education, it found."Politicians who don't like English are captains of a sinking ship. Higher education in English helps us get better integrated into the globalized organized sector and labour market. Those without access to higher education in English are being left out," Dr Shariff told TOI. Source:Times of India dated 06/01/14

The Book ‘Future of English in India’, and Research by World Bank and The Florida and Connecticut Universities reveals that 13% to 34% increase in wages results with better communication in English. In each Metro Like Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi etc. almost 500 centres train Nurses, Drivers, Peons, Courier Agents and House Maids in English for Higher Wages.Lack of the English Language knowledge is a bottleneck in both Admission & Placement in Technical & Professional Colleges all over the Country. Those, who have good communication skills are readily selected in Campus Interview at high pay packages than those who lack communication skills. Undergraduates & Graduates with good English easily get jobs at BPO’s and Banks. The Film ‘English Vinglish’ proves how housewives can upgrade their status in the family by learning a few communication skills Source: ET, July-Aug. 2013 article ‘No Full Stop in India’

ENGLISH IN THE WORKPLACEA problem faced by any general-purpose ‘English for the workplace’ training course is that job-related skills are often specic to context. Each work sphere has its own special requirements with regard to communication for example

there may be particular kinds of reports or forms to

be lled in,

or perhaps interactions with customers need to conform to a corporate policy.

For these reasons, Workplace English training is best carried out using materials taken from the workplace itself. In India the main focus seems now to be on the idea of ‘English for employability’, but there is equal importance of English skills in career progression.Many of the better universities now provide co-curricular courses in English communication and in soft skills to ensure that their graduates are employable. The larger employers are also working closely with the universities and colleges which supply their new recruits. But many colleges do not provide such courses, or do not have the qualied staff to do so. This forces students into private sector ‘nishing schools’ to bridge the gap Larger Indian businesses are already partnering with government departments to help improve the English and employability skills of both students in colleges and those in Class 10–12. The Delhi branch of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), for example, worked with the Municipal Corporation of Delhi to implement a pilot programme in Delhi schools. Many large companies have similar relationships with local colleges, helping ensure that students acquire communication skills before they graduate.Much of the ‘talent pool’ crisis in India at present relates to the number of graduates who apparently lack ‘employability skills’.

Mr. MOHAN KAVRIE

ENGLISH COMMUNICATION: AN EMPLOYABILITY SKILL

Dr.V.K Batra Mrs. Parvin Batra Skills Development ExpertsGlobal Competence, Panipat, HaryanaEducators, Consultants, Trainers and Auditors

Million by2022

500The Numberof People thegovernmentwant to train

This Includesimparting technical& communication

skill

English will be amajor part of the

communication skilldevelopment initiative


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NASSCOM, the IT-BPO industry organisation, complains about the ‘low employability of existing talent with only 10–15% employable graduates in business services and 26% employable engineers in technology services’.

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

Employability Skills can be dened as the transferable skills needed by an individual to make them ‘employable’. Along with good technical understanding and subject knowledge, employers often outline a set of skills that they want from an employee. These skills are what they believe will equip the employee to carry out their role to the best of their ability.

WHAT DO EMPLOYERS WANT?

Although most jobs in the corporate sector now require English, many of the ‘soft skills’ which make graduates employable are not language specic.

Skills That Employers Want• Communication and interpersonal skills, Can you explain ideas patiently and clearly? Can you handle telephone calls well? Can you communicate appropriately to other employees who may be more or less senior?• Problem solving skills Are you an analytic but creative thinker? Have you a condent, polite manner?• Using your initiative and being self-motivated Can you work on your own, without being told to do so?• Working under pressure and to deadlines Can you handle stress that comes with deadline?• Organisational skills Are you punctual and dressed appropriately?• Team working Can you work in a team?• Ability to learn and adapt Are you able to learn new technologies and business processes quickly?• Numeracy Are you familiar with standard ofce software? Are you able to use data and mathematics to demonstrate a point?• Valuing diversity and difference Can you communicate well to speakers from another culture or social background?

• Negotiation skills Can you make clear presentations to colleagues?

Most workers in the services sector, whether in ofces, BPOs, hotels or shops – need to communicate in at least two different directions: to clients (whether in India or abroad) and within the chain of management (both up and down, and with peers) in their own organisation. Here workers may require: • both spoken and written English language skills – can you tell the difference between a manager’s request and an instruction?• knowledge of specialist terms within the trade, profession, organisation or relating

During 6th Global Skill Summit, held at FICCI, Delhi it was brought to the notice of Mr. R C M Reddy (Chairman FICCI Skills Development Forum) that along with the Employability Skills, 5 basic Life Skills are also very important at school level therefore employability skills are to be preceded by life skill based education, but it is pathetic to nd that students are qualifying +2 levels even when they don’t know the basic vocabulary and Grammar basics like proper paragraph writing, letter, application & resume writing.

Global Competence has conducted various experiments in Management & Technical Institutes by giving input regarding Communication Skills & facilitated in the successfully placement of B.Tech Textile Engineering students from Panipat , for placement in the Textile Corporate Sector like Nahar, Vardhman and Aarti groups in Ludhiana. We have interviewed 100 of candidates personally to nd that only 5 % of the candidates could communicate in English which was a basic requirement in the Home Textile exports industry of Panipat which has more than 3000 crores of direct exports out of Rs 11000 crores of textile industry production from Panipat textile cluster. This supported by the facts published by various sources at national & international level

BIBLIOGRAPHY: www.Wikipedia.com KP Narayan Kumar & Others David Graddol No Full Stop in India English Next India The Economic Times Magazine British Council 2010

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The 58th Show was organized on 6th to 8th Jan, 2014 by

CMAI ( Clothing Manufacturer Association of India) at

Bombay Exhibition Center, Mumbai . Show has appx 130

exhibtiors from various local garment barnd in ethnic, formals,

semi formals for men’s & women’s.

There are visitors ow from across country, they are buying

agency, distributors, retails, merchandisers , organized retail

buyers, fashion designers, associations, government ofcials,

many more.

CMAI SHOW REPORT JAN 2014

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The banking sector seems to be averse to the textile industry, despite it being the premier industry of the country. These days, the way bank finance is being done, the banks seems to be more inclined to way hi-fi industries. They should also consider the industry which is there for decades in the country and contributing to the significant chunk of foreign exchange earnings in country’s economy. It is right now the second largest industry in terms of foreign exchange earnings. However, if we take a history of last decade, it has been always the number one industry which is contributing towards foreign exchange earnings consistently. India has to keep its own mark of showing dominance in the international market as the best emerging country in the world and it has to compete mainly with China. At this stage, competition has no limitation. Our textile industry is hardly competitive compare to China though we have all resources available from skilled workforce to raw materials. However, if we want to develop a base and make a foundation towards most growing economy, we have to increase our export earnings and hence, we just cannot ignore textile industry as it is the most potential industry.

We have seen a major shift in global consumption from the manmade fibres towards natural fibres due to global warming issues. We are very strong as far as all types of raw materials are concerned which are required to produce textiles whereas China has its own limitations on fine quality cotton varieties. It is better to focus more on India’s strengths & weaknesses than comparing it with any other country. Just to give emphasis on how India can substitute export earnings, the comparison with China is given.

If we consider the growth within textile industry, there are very few mega-scale projects and very large numbers of MSMEs. MSME industry is the one which is going to contribute to the growth of the textile industry. They have their inherent problems like shortage of funds, collateral securities, inadequate net-worth etc.

As far as entrepreneurs are concerned, they are eager to invest and identify many pastures. Consultants like us, keep them busy by giving various options whereas when it comes to actual implementation part of it, most of them struggle to get approvals or green signals, mainly because lack of support by financial institutions. As a matter of fact, it is always seen that if financial institutions become a bit lenient on this industry, there would not only be large investments happening in this industry in terms of exports but also it would satisfy the needs of the large existing domestic market. We have a very large

BANK FINANCE IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Avinash Mayekar,

MD & CEO,

Suvin Advisors Pvt. Ltd.

population & textile demand of this population is very high & we foresee potential increase in this demand in coming years due to change in living standard. The entire market segment is huge and if the industry serves both the opportunities i.e. exports as well as domestic, there would be a huge market that would be available.

However, the way things happens in this traditional industry, it keeps on crying for modernization and introduction of new technology. There is a huge necessity of adopting not only the state-of-the art practices with minimal labor interference but also uninterrupted quality monitoring systems. Moreover, new investments need to be brought in the country. But these factors are not getting enough support from financial institutions, due to lack of knowledge and not having clarity on the vision of the industry.

If we see from financial institution point of view, they are concentrat ing more on more prof i table bus iness opportunities. When they scrutinize a project report having 6 to 7 years of pay-back period with DSCR ( Debt Service Coverage Ratio) of 1.5 to 1.7 or IRR ( Internal Rate of Return) of 12 to 14%, the banks are unable to find the lucrative proposition from the financial angle. Hence, they are a bit hesitant to sanction loans in this particular industry. However, there is sustainability of more than hundred years of existence and good reputation of this industry and that's why the banks have to think from the point of view of sustainability of this particular industry. Entire industry cannot be judged on the basis of a couple of bad experiences of serving term loans. If we look at the overall scenario, textile industry fared very well in servicing the term loans. Literally, it needs to be seen why financial institutions have not shown much interest in textile industry in spite of having good history of return on investments.

The textile industry also has advantages as far as employment is concerned. It is one of the largest industries, employing about 55 million of country's population. It has shown very good network throughout the entire nation, almost in each and every state of India. Value addition is tremendous, be it in spinning, power loom weaving, shuttlelooms, garmenting and now the technical textiles. There are many sectors and many ways by which income can be generated. If we see from the industry point of view, when they compete with other countries, they find that the financial institutions are charging interest rate that is much higher than many other countries and hence they find it difficult to sustain in the market.

Industry needs some sort of support from financial institutions, how the interest rates can be brought down for this particular industry in order to gain more export earnings. At the same time, the financial institutions are looking for immediate and huge returns. The payback period is almost 6 to


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7 years in case of most of the sectors. The industry is highly capital intensive. Hence, they find it very difficult to give loans to this industry. These are the few things that need to be improved upon and to be thought over.

If there is a good dialogue between the industry and the financial institutions, most of the things can be sorted out. Maybe a third party intervention e.g. consultants like us can help financial institutions as Lenders Independent Engineers i.e. LIE which is a new concept adopted by a few of the nationalized banks. We can help them in understanding the nature of the project, level of technology to be used, proper justification for the costs, appropriate marketing set up, planning and monitoring of the project on continuous basis. So whenever a new project comes to a bank, nominated consultant by the bank can keep on giving monthly or quarterly reports on regular basis which can monitor the progress of the project along with fund flow statement from project start to the completion to avoid the misuse of the funds provided by the banks. Consultants can help in executing the project with latest tools and software. This will help the financial institution to understand the crux of the industry.

The financial institutions may create a platform wherein not only the consortium of few banks but also a consultancy firm can add value in understanding the project concept, in the great interest of the industry. If at all they think of taking a call on various aspects of a project which are being prepared or submitted to various financial institutions, they can really understand how things are happening in the industry and then they can finance such project. They also need to understand that all projects are not similar and each project has its own merits and demerits.

Conclusion:

A value addition in terms of appointing a LIE ( Lenders Independent Engineers) for all projects would bridge the gap in between the industry and the financial institute. A project monitoring committee can be formed by involving professional consulting firms to decide the effectiveness of the project. Textile industry has a tremendous potential in the global market and it would make India a strong foreign exchange earner hence financial institution should look at its sustainability rather than immediate returns from other industries.

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TVC : What is your experience in getting financial accommodation from banks for the constraints and it suffers from various problems.

A major handicap of this sector is non availability of adequate credit on time. This happens unlike the corporate sector which has unhindered excess banking and industrial finance. Because powerloom sector is not to link to collateral security to that extent.

There are 23 lac powerlooms in India. Of which only 15-20% take loans from banks and/or even have accounts in the banks. 75- 80% of powerloom job workers sell directly to master weavers. Power loom consist of 96% contribution in Indian textile cloth production as compared to mills which only have 3-4% contribution. Major Powerloom hubs are Bhiwandi, Ichalkaranji,Surat.

TVC : Are powerloom workers having enough working capital limits to purchase and stock cotton yarn to cover your annual requirement?

Power loom factories are unlike to stock cotton yarn, the main raw materials because of lack of bank finance. They carry stock of just 10-15 days. Fabric is made immediately and sold as they do not have enough money to buy excess yarn. As a result, sometimes they just sell fabrics below cost. Average rate of Production is 60-70 meter / day / loom.

We have also observed yarn price race where merchants

store yarn in ware houses and create artificial scarcity. Hence we have proposed to the Government to establish yarn depot, where yarn stored and be available at Ex- mill prices. We do not want any agent in between for our yarn requirement, as it is a costly affair for powerloom sector to depend on yarn agents.

TVC : What about Export?

As we are small scale units, we exports through exporting agents.

TVC : What’s your experience about collateral Securities?

The business model of the power loom industry is something which has no place in management books. The powerloom sector is in the name of one person, labour are in the name of different person and person running business has no documents with him. In such circumstances, how can you give collateral security and hence they failed to get banking funds.

TVC : Are your proposals for long term borrowing under TUFS considered without many problems?

Currently, Only 20 big companies are taking benefits of current TUFS scheme. We have proposed government a TUFS scheme Rs. 25000 to 30000 per power loom. This will enable recipient to few parts of machine which will give uniform, defect free fabrics and increase productivity of power loom. Government had announce scheme, its in process of implementation.

Job worker do not have any source of funds / capital. Master weavers invest in sector which is borrowed from different entrepreneur.

VOICE OF POWERLOOM SECTOR...Interview with Shri Momin, President of Bhiwandi Powerloom Federation Ltd.

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TVC : The Growth and Development of the textile industry depends on:Government policies rates on excise and custom duties and bi lateral trade agreements with di f ferent countriesaccording to larger access to their textile markets. It also depends upon availability and prices of cotton & its export policy.

There is a feeling in textile industry that banks generally do not consider them as the most preferred clients. What would you like to comment?

K.R & R.K. : Our banks have largest number of textile account from Ahmadabad & Coimbatore. Although they are not most preferred clients but these mentioned clients are. We don't consider most preferred because of heavy competition within industry, China factor, currency uctuation, import of machinery from Germany and other countries, but technology is outdated in a very fast pace now a days.

TVC : Textile industry is facing cut-throat competition because of the existence of the very large industry in the country, prevailing malpractice of copying designs of reputed mills etc. Result is erce price competition andlow margin.

Do you think that banking sector is therefore not enthusiastic in lending money? If so, what would you like to suggest for ensuring adequate fund ow to the textile industry without compromising on safety of banks money?

K.R & R.K. : We have restructured many textile hubs like Coimbatore, Tirupur and many more. High uncertainty in the industry, Volatility in fashion trends due to new type fabrics and technology. Out of total CAP fund, we keep 10% for Textile industry. We take collateral security like x assets. We only nance 20 to 30% of collateral security value.

TVC : There is a built-in constraint on availability of cotton in the world as lands are now more devoted for food grains production. Further, awareness to avoid pesticides and use of inorganic fertilizers also inuence.

Mr. R.K. Shetty, Chief Regional Manager, Mr. K. Ravichandra,Chief Manager Indian Overseas Bank ,Mumbai.

Since the cotton supply always faces large constraints, international buyers have already started extensive buying of cotton.Although, cotton crop is picked 3 to 4 times in a season, rst and second picking is always of very good quality. Indian mills also prefer to purchase cotton before the season tapers off. How will you like to meet the fund requirement of domestic mills for purchase of cotton? Do you require safeguards for this?

K.R & R.K. : Cotton season is October to March. Companies buy in bulk quantity of cotton during this season as they get best quality at lower rate compared to off season. Banks provide “Additional Adopt Facility” to companies who require funds to purchase cotton during season. Before giving this facility we check their projected, expected and achieved performance via April- October balance sheet. If 50% of the projected is achieved, we sanction the loan for Addition Adopt facility. Approximately 60% of our clients avail this facility.

TVC : A long-standing demand of textile industry is to avail funds at low interest rate. Government gives subvention of 2-3% to give credit to some industries at cheaper rates. However this is restricted to a very small segment of export production. What would be your suggestion for a low concessional rate of interest for textile industry?

K.R & R.K. : Textile ministry should decide this along with RBI. For export, lending rate is BR (Base Rate) +0.75 & for local market lending on CCR (Counter Party Credit Risk). We give rating to SME's from 1 to 8. 1 is Good & 8 is worst as per CRISIL rating. If SME have good score, interest rate is good.

TVC : Some 2-3 years ago many mills were eager to avail CDR (Corporate Debt Restructuring). However very few receive it. Working of the mills has improved since then and general feeling is that credit worthiness has also improved. What is your take on it? Whether you have experience of any textile nonperforming assets in the recent years?

K.R & R.K. : Yes, we have a few textile nonperforming assets. We have helped them to restructure the mill/unit by checking reasons behind thate.g. Diversication, mismanagement, loss, seasonal downtime etc. We have done many CDR in year 2006-7 in Coimbatore.

TVC : If textile mill approach you for enhancement of credit limits, what is your approach?

K.R & R.K. We purely give to merit criteria. We judge company on process of improvement, stagnation, funds invested in production, export etc.

INTERVIEW WITH BANK Indian Overseas Bank , Mumbai.

ORIENTAL BANK OF COMMERCE, KADI, GUJRAT


The chain of industrial activity of textiles starts with ginning. Such factories are located in cotton-growing belts and hence away from cities and towns. Ginning is a seasonal activity and functions from the time of rst cotton picking till the last picking of the crop. Ginners which do ginning on their own require larger dose of working capital credit than ginners which do job-processing.

TVC had a chat with a bank & a Chartered Accountant in Kadi, Gujrat,

TVC : Level of banking nance required by ginners

Ans : Depend on size of production capacity, i.e for 48 gin Term

loan required 3.25 crore and CC 7.50 crores.

TVC : How the loan account is operated – regularity,

Ans : No delay and no defaulter due to regular collection.

TVC: Is the working capital loan sanctioned to individual ginners adequate or there are unfullled demands for enhancement of working capital?

Ans : During season time ie. For 2-3 months, take more amount for WC, they repay immediately after season. Fixed asset for security.

Interview with Mr. Nilay Rathi, Qualied Chartered Accountant & Management Post Graduate from Jamnalal Bajaj institute, Mumbai. He has 15 years long & wide experience in different industries like Steel, Packaging & Textiles. Currently working with well reputed Textile

company as General Manager- Commercial.

TVC : What is your experience in getting nancial accommodation from banks? Do they respond within a reasonable time and adopt positive approach?

NR : The bankers take an overall view of the running of a company. It indicates the company history, its legacy, turnover , composition of Directors etc. MSME units may have problems to get nance from banks. Textile Industry is peculiar being a “Low Margin , Long Working Capital industry cycle”

TVC : What’s your feeling on export of cotton ?

NR : The marketing of cotton is a virtual gamble because of tremendous volatility. The volatility factors are there due to uctuation of cotton prices, weather conditions, Government policy intervention, Commodity market, etc. Fiber & Yarn manufacturer are always insecure due to high level of volatility in this market. We need more stable market. Volatility does not benet farmers or buyers. Only middle men get beneted by volatility. China & Bangladesh due to mass production dominates price of cotton bre & yarns. Export of cotton should be to the tune of excess

production in the domestic market since cotton available in the market will be consumed for nished fabric which can generate more exchange revenue to the government.

TVC : What’s your experience about collateral Securities?

NR : We need to give 1.25 times collateral security for required amount of loan.

TVC : Whether your proposals for long term borrowing under TUFS are considered without many problems?

NR : We had faced many problems related to TUFS though we have a good position in the market. Government gives Unique Identity Number ( UID) for TUFS loans, rst come rst served basis, if any company fails to plan in advance to take TUFS loan and if it happens to apply late, company may not get UID number and hence not eligible for TUFS subsidy. Hence the equivalent benet is not available to similar industries who had done expansion on same line in same period.

We request to government that application received during the black-out period should be made eligible for TUFS benets. We also request that application which were unsuccessful in getting UID number gets extension of the sectorial CAP and should get priority when the fresh TUFS start.

TVC : Do you borrow funds outside TUFS for long term? If so, what is need for such funds and what is the outlook of banks?

NR : Our projects are conned to textiles and hence they tailored to the TUFS format hence mostly our loans which are eligible for TUF benets are under TUFS.

INDUSTRY VIEWS ...

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Views of Mr. Surendra Shetty, 3 Decades Experience in Finance, Qual ied as M.Com & LLB , Currently working as Chief Financial Ofcer ( CFO) of Siyaram Silk Mills Ltd.

Siyaram Silk Mills Ltd., is a public limited Company, is in four major

verticals – Yarn Dyeing, Fabrics, Readymade Garments & Furnishing. The Company has paid up capital of Rs 9.75 crores of which 67% is held by promoters & balance by general public.

The principal raw material is Yarn, sourced indigenously. Siyaram buys Polyester Viscose yarn in bulk & also uses

natural yarn in small quantities.

The Company believes in remaining on the forefront by adopting innovative & state-of-art technology. It has been modernizing its facilities on regular basis & has consistently made investments in technological up-gradations. This has enabled the company in offering contemporary & value-for-money products to its customers.

The company has been prudent in managing its short term & long term nances & has never diverted short term nances for long term purposes & vice versa.

The Company has been aptly supported by its bankers in all times & the company believes that the bankers have been an integral part of its success story .

Timely Support form Bankers…


Dashmesh Jacquard & Powerloom Pvt. Ltd. 58-A, Sec-25, Part-1st, Industrial Estate, HUDA, Panipat – 132 104 (Haryana) India

(Ph) +91 180 4001938 (Talefax) +91 180 2660975

DASHMESH

Electronic Jacquard Suitable for Rapier Looms & Shuttle Looms Available Hooks:- 448 – 1344

www.dashmeshpowerloom.com / www.warp-tex.com

Electronic Jacquard For Handlooms (cranks or without

crank type mode) Available Hooks:- 64 – 640

An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Company

Approved By Ministry of Textile (Govt. of India) &

Benchmarked Under T.U.F.S.

Electronic Jacquard For Various Type of Looms

E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]

Electronic Jacquard Suitable for Narrow Weaving machine

(Tape Looms / Label Looms)

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Prof. M.D.Teli,Institute of Chemical Technology ,Matunga, Mumbai 400019

• High Stake involved in Growth of Textile Industry:

We all know that in Indian economy, Textile and Garment sector plays an important role as it is considered to be the mother Industry. More than 45 Million people are dependent on this segment and thus it’s financial health directly affects the Indian GDPgrowth and the people of the country. It is, hence, not only important from the point of the economy, but also from the point of looking after millions of families which are dependent on this segment. As the retail segment is increasing rapidly, this number of dependent people on textiles is further increasing.

Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) had been introducedby the Govt. of India in 1999 in order to remove obsolescence from the industry and to provide Indian Textile Industry a technological edge to compete with the products from other nations.India’s Textile industry is also diverse , but fragmented and highly centralized and distributed in the form of small and medium scale Industrial units(SMEs). TUFS from Government of India –Ministry of Textiles, did help the industrialists who wanted to modernize their Units and thus they obtained not only the interest subsidy to thetune of 5 %, but in some segments, some percentage of upfront subsidy on the capital invested. The important effect of this scheme is that we have seen distinct interest on the part of the entrepreneurs to modernize their units. This was especially necessary since as per Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC), from 1st January, 2005, the quota has been removed in respect of exports from India to anywhere in the world.Since MultiFibre Agreement (MFA)has been integrated in to WTO package, the barriers of trade were lifted and a large number of markets were left open for free-for-all fierce competition globally. Naturally consistent high quality, delivery on schedule, capacity to manufacture defect free long length fabric, right first time approach and above all cost competitivenessbecame the salient features of Textile and Clothing business. Hence in the recent years, say in last decade and half ,we have witnessed some of the large players in Textiles totally revamping their units and establishing modern composite units from fibre to not only readymade garment fabric, but in some cases up to garments. The capacity they put was individually quite huge and thus, it also depended upon their ability to attract business for such increased capacity and in this respect the collective image of Indian Textile Industry does play a significant role.

• Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme:

TUFS not only helped the industry to modernize, increasing their product quality, value realization, turnover, as well as cost per unit of production, but it also enhanced machine productivity,and reduced amount of utilities requiredper unit production. However, in India these utilities have shown drastic hike in price in many a places and specially in cities it has become difficult to the entrepreneurs to manage the cost of production at the lowest level to obtain reasonable profitability. The new TUFS also encourages investments in common infrastructure or facilities by an industry association, trust or co-operative society and at number of places special textile parks with integrated facilities are sanctioned wherein up to 50% upfront subsidy is offered.

The government has also announced that TUFS is to continue with an allocation of Rs 12,077 crore for the 12th Five-Year Plan. As against allocation of Rs 15,404 crore , in the 11th Plan an expenditure of Rs 12,383 crore was incurred and from that point of view this provision is indeed quite welcomed one. In addition we know that various State Governments such as Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh ,Maharashtra, etc are providing impetus to the Textile industry under their state Textile Policy by further subsidizing their investments and also providing utilities at subsidized rates.All this is understandable, given that the high level of stakes involved in the growth of this industry.

• Findings of the Survey by ICT:

With all said and done, the point remains to be seen as to what is the level of our average cost of production? In the recent survey which we did for branded Textiles among the youth, it came out veryclearly that there is a distinct shift in the purchasing decisions of the customers who prefer to pay extra and go for the branded goods. Next query as to what salient features they expect from such branded goods? The response indicates that the consumers appreciate their consistent qualityin terms of fastness properties as well as feel good factor and modern designs with the changing fashion trends. It was also explored in our research as to whether the consumers are getting aware about eco-friendly processing and the response indicates that although in minority, but such a small proportion is slowly but steadilyincreasing which is aware about Textile and Clothingare needed to be manufactured in a safest environment and also with least of damage to the ecology. It is also expected to take care of all the workers who manufacture the same andtheirhealth, safety as well as due wages have to be paid regularly, which intern makes the Brand image.The consumers also clearly said that they would not mind paying a little extra money if they are guaranteed that their Band is involved in fair trade policy,and manufactures the goods following sustainability model with least of Carbon footprints. The good governance as well as fair trade with adherence to all


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the laws of the land is equally important for the external image of the company or the Brand, and the consumers surely would not like toendorse any Brand which is flawed on these account.

Although this survey by ICT students throws light on the attitudes among the Brand customers, the question comes to one’s mind as to whyshould theybe concerned about the Brand image? Very simple, today garments are not just used as the ones for functional properties depending upon its use as formal wear, casual wear,sportswear,night wear, etc.Along with these different kinds of clothing, the affluent and also the professional class is using the particular selected branded clothing to make their style statement. They want to usethem as medium for expressing their personality and hence, naturally Branded clothings are scoringhigh as compared to unbranded ones. Of coursein volume terms, unbranded are sold in manifold as compared to Branded clothings ,but in value terms, the revenue earned and profitability achieved is highest in such niche clothings. Except for a few, Indian Brands most of these Brands are from overseas and we know most of the clothings which are sold by these Brands are actually supplied from countries like,China, Bangladesh, Srilanka, andIndia.In fact country like Bangladesh has supersededIndia in its garment export performance, the reasons being relatively lower wages, higher productivity and relatively less stringent environment laws along with special status like MFN(Most FavoredNation).

• Sqqueezing the supplier to death ? How long?

When we look at these developments wherein clearly B r a n d e d c l o t h i n g s a r e g o i n g t o d o m i n a t e t h e market,Technology up-gradation definitely becomes essential in order to meet the stringent quality standards required by the brands. We also know that these brands outsource their goods from countries like India,Bangladesh, Srilanka, etc. It is well known that the profitability of these Brand owners and retailers i s more than 150 to 200%. Where as the one whomanufactures such clothings, right from spinners, weavers and processors as well as Garment manufacturers, their profitability is bare minimum struggling to reach in two digit level. And what happens to those who supply other raw materials like dyes, specialty chemicals, etc? Having supplied best of these ingredients for the highest quality and performance, no payment comes in their hand before 90 days minimum. Above all, a lot of their capital is stuck up and to get the payment released of their earlier delivery, they are compelled to supply them a fresh lot carrying always a hanging sword of uncertainty that they will lose business for ever, if they do not supply. I clearly know for sure at least3-4big industry houses are refusing to pay such suppliers whose more than 3-4 crores of outstanding is lying with them? How long one could survive in such a situation?Squeezing yourprofitabilityin the presence of increasing cost of moneywith higher interest rates on the working capital, will surely take us to the path of sickness. But does that mean there cannot be profit in this business? Not at all? It is the question of collective bargaining

strength of the Indian manufacturers, who are able to provide the Brands International quality? Why should not they negotiate with the Brand owners to enhance rates for their products, as that is essential in order to maintain the financial health of all those involved in this supply chain. I am sure the maximum money if anyone is making in this business are these Brands and retailers and its time collectively the suppliers of the Garments negotiate with them with strategy and unity. I understand it is easily said than done, but of course not impossible. End of the day it is our collective responsibility to rise to that level where in we can dictate to certain extent the minimum cost of production?

• Cost cutting using latest Technology: Reality check?

One of my recent experiences of visits to a large process housewith composite operations and supplying to the world famous Brands has been that, although it proudly claims as the most modern process House with continuous processing operations of cotton, polyester as well as knits, the real advantages which are envisaged in such operations of continuousprocessing remained more so on the paper. This is because while these latest Machinery are supposed to process 2-3 lakhs meters of cloth per day, the ordered lot sizes on the average being processed by them arenot more than 25000 meters. The very nature of getting the order finalized is step wise, where in samples are first got approved and then although a lot of 25000 meters of specific fabric is ordered for processing, actual schedule of colours and shade willfollow and invariably it amounts to either two to three different shades( different depths) or 2-3 different hues of these shades? What does that mean as far as the final dyers is concerned? It only means the lot size processed at that stage is 8000 to 12000meters. When such a drastic reduction in lot size takes place the overall advantages of continuous processing get eroded and thus the cost per unit production rises in addition to reduction in productivity due to change over of shades etc.Any corrections required during redyeing or finishing further increases the delivery time, along with increase in reprocessing cost bringing down the profitability drastically. Sometimes the delivery by Air freight wipes away the total profitability and the wholeoperations become a futile exercise bringing about losses in order processing.

• Multiple Dimensions of Production of Fabrics and Garments :

Every element has to be taken into consideration when such manufacture of Textile and Clothing operation is to be considered. Besides proper quality of raw materials, their cost has to be minimum which itself offers dichotomy. Increasingly the world over, environment compliance and compliance from the point of view of REACH are becoming increasingly essential and hence certification from suppliers of dyestuffs and chemicals becomes essential, which intern increases the cost of raw material. Then comes the cost of processing and conversion, where in besides technological competence, the

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cost of utilities and labor and machine productivity come into picture. The modern machinery requires very much significant investment and such investment has to be serviced out of the earnings of the company. Manpower, skilled as well a unskilled are to be retained, in a scenario whereinthere is a great shortage of the same.In general 30% shortage of the labor force has been observed even when we shout that there are millions without anyemployment. I have been one of the strong proponents of , not to use that high degree of automation where in such non critical steps in supply chain can be handled by the labor forcewithout compromising the International quality standards. In other words while best of technological competence has to be established with latest machinery, certain aspects such as raw material handling, delivery and finished products handling, packing and delivery can be done by unskilled labor force rather than totally dehumanizing this labor intensive Industry which is providing means of their survival. However, since last 3 years, when NREGA is being implemented in various villages , migration of workers is greatly reduced and laborcrunch in states like Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra is being felt and may of the industrialists are trying to see the alternative to this situation in having highly automated operations. They want to beat the uncertainty, increasing wage costs and maintain the delivery schedule. How far it becomes cost effective operation, only time will tell us.

In the fierce competitive world of Textiles and clothings, there are a number of dimensions where in your production activities can suffer; may it be poor quality of raw material making it difficult to achieve final accepted quality norms,poor quality of utilities and sometimes insufficient availability, like in Tamil Nadu, some places not more than 6 hrs,electricity is available making it incumbent to use the DG sets and thus eroding profitability, labor shortage, and stringent environment laws or infrastructure problems in maintaining delivery schedule as ports are busy.Finally business is likely to suffer and your costs of operations are going to increase if all these aspects are not given due attention.

While it is world known that costing is an important parameters, its control is one of the main aspects of maintaining the growth profile. However, when cost of living is rising, when there is such a hike in inflation and wage revision, there is always a strain on your ability to shrink your costs beyond certain level. In fact at some point of time yourealize that you cannot reduce costs beyond certain limit simply because your input costs cumulatively come much above the prevailing price you would get from your Brands whom you supply.And it is here then the need is felt that, Can we if not alone, collectively through CMAI or such bodies negotiate the minimum cots to be asked from these brands so that there is certain definite level of profitability is maintainedin your business which has to grow and along with it, the connected people have to grow? And it is here those who have ability to dictate should come forward and start venturing on this side so that costing per piece negotiated to that final Cent level, could be restrained.We can do it provided as

suppliers we achieve that Hall mark of crdibility- that position of manufacturers of niche goods with International quality and eco-compliances.Ofcourse it is not going to happen in one go. But it should start and solidarity and collective bargaining must be emphasized so that all will benefit. In real sense, you are only making these Brands which earn more than 150-300% profit, agree to shrink their profitability just by 5-10%.And forsustainability of thebusiness they should be prepared to do it.

• What are the impediments in cost cutting? What do the various reports say?

One of the reports by National Productivity council on “productivity and competitiveness of Indian Textile and Garment sector recommends that, in the case ofphysical infrastructure, availability of power and road need to be improved. As fa r as Government in ter face wi th business/private sector is concerned, majority of the units surveyed (68%) were not satisfied with interface. There is a need to strengthen the availability of energy/power for the manufacturing units since the power outages are quite frequent. In view of such bottlenecks there is need for developing dedicated/captive power generating sources specifically for the major textile clusters”1.But small units however, have to stop their operations for the period of the power cut; as the small units can’t afford large gen-sets for alternative power supply. They have toallocate a massive sum for purchase of diesel (furnace oil) for their power generating sets,which is costly as it attract Excise Duty/Custom Duty of 16%. To mitigate the powerproblem in the short term small power loom units in a cluster can pool their resources toestablish a captive power plant or common gen-set on a shared basis and there is need for the Governmental support2.

• Sustainable Textile Production:As we see, the Brands will alsodictate the terms on sustainable Textile production where in ecology and social compliances will become equally important as the economics of the textile business operations anda number of these brands will seek their suppliers to follow the tenets of sustainability. It is here the survey done by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Economic Impact Analysis of the Fabric and Textile Printing, Coating, and Dyeinghas been a good example to quote with. This survey indicates the level of these operations affect the emission levels in the environment and what impact it will have.After studying the baseline emissions and estimated costs of complying with the environmental norms, it has been concluded that not more than 1-3 % of the total sale value is needed to incur as the cost of maintaining these compliances3.

Whatever is said and done, indeed sustainability measures will surely increase the cost of production to some extent and hence it is naturally expected that these Brands as well as the government agencies make available some incentives for such a valuable step. Our survey by the ICT students did reveal that the normal customer of the Branded clothing is ready to pay a little extra money, if they are sure that such a premium they are

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paying for the respect for the environment andfor the people who manufactured it.

The textile industry gets about 80% of its energy in the form of

heat. The energy costs vary from 5 to 17% of total manufacturing costs according to the type of process involved. The distribution of power and heat requirement in a composite Mills can be seen in following two figures.

As far as Energy inputs are concerned in Textile sector, they are very important as far as final costing is to be decided. Electrical and heat energy form an important aspects of these energy requirements.

There are anumber of various energy-efficiency opportunities and if implemented, the costing can be greatly brought down.However, due to lack of information or false notion that such measures are expensive, SMEs do not pay attention to them4.

It is important to know that energy saving is not always a rocket science. Improving efficiency and saving money in textile dyeing need not be expensive. Simple changes to procedures and housekeeping can save considerable amounts of money and thus enable one to reduce costs. It is ofcourse necessary that you observe process inefficiencies and calculate the financial losses from these inefficiencies and prepare a road map to remedy the situation to improve your cost competitiveness.Needless to mention it will also reduce pollution and load on environment5.

It has been reported that a significant benefits would be achieved byoperating the recovery plant in textile Industry and reducing thefresh water up to 63.5%.This not only will reduce stress on ground water reserve , but also the chemicals discharged.Hence, sucha recovery and reuse in a textile industry canthere fore be cons idered techn ica l l y andeconomically feasible6.


One of the reports on comprehensive energy audit undertaken in 43 mills by SITRA revealed that the energy cost of conversion in spinning operations is 10%of sales and it is 5 times their profitability. Hence, there is tremendous scope insaving the energy in these units and thus increasing their profitability by reducing their production cost .Potential saving from energy was at about Rs. 200 per spindle per year which is almost the same as the net profit margin a spinning mill can earn under normal trading conditions. The payback period for such measures is 1.5 years and thus such kind of applications become essential in bringing down the cost of production for competitiveness7.

Heat recovery is another area which is neglectedin process houses. However, as per the BTRA report a serious thought and a sincere approach to heat economy is surely going to benefit theindustry by lowering the fuel bills and hence will add to the profitability of the industry by reducing the cost of end product. It is claimed that the rich benefits to the mills participating in their Energy Audit Programmes have been received8.

O n e o f t h e r e p o r t s f r o m H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y Professor9studying Tirupur Cluster indicates the deficiency in the infrastructure of Tirupur and absence of domestic brand as well as high value product manufacture with more customized products of high quality rather than having volume based low value products .It recommends the need of partnering with training institutes to promote process and product designs. For the government it recommends to upgrade power, port and road infrastructure within and outside Tirupur. It needs to develop integrated cluster facility for processing.

The phenomenal growth in Tirupur of 15% CAGR since 1990 and $ 2.5Bn Clothing export only from Tirupur in 2010 indicates its capacity and important role in growth of Textiles and Clothing in Tamil Nadu. However, somewhere down the line in this fast growth, environmental concerns were neglected by the manufacturers as well as government agencies till Supreme court came heavily against the polluting Industries closing down many. Now slowly Tirupur is coming back to the main stream scenario and hence the lesson has to be learnt that while cost competitiveness pressures are always going to be there, there is no short cut to ignore the planet and people for making the profit, if we need to sustain in this business.

• Concluding remarks:

While we look at conventional textile andgarment processing applications, since cost competitiveness has become an important issue,its high time we should also see some of the important technologies in effluent treatment, recovery of heat and chemicals, dyestuffs as well as recycling of water as these will have an impact on reduction of final cost of production. We know that Foam finishinghas been successfully tried and so also synthetic thickeners in Textile printing. Some of the coating technologies and also digital printing have tremendous scope in increasing productivity, efficiency with least of impact on environment. Super critical CO2

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making possible waterless dyeing, transfer printing, plasma application and nano as well as biotechnologies are gaining increasing demand when we look at Textile and Garment manufacture in a totally holistic way-where in production activity is carried out with sustainability which respects people, planet as well as profit.We may have to be innovative as well as we have to follow lean management in production bringing down wastages to a minimum so that while our costs are kept low, value realization is of high order.We also need to look at those product mixes where competition is low and profitability is relatively high. Besides that we need to know what best we can produce and those strengths of ours should be harnessed always.

• Acknowledgements: I acknowledge with thanks my Research students especially Pawan, Dharmendra, Nikhil and Amol who gathered the required references and the material to put in for this paper. I also acknowledge with thanks those authorswhose names could not be traced and whose documents are referred here.

• References:1. National Productivity Council, New Delhi.

2. Assessing the Prospects for India’s Textile and Clothing Sector , NCAER, 2009

3. Economic Impact Analysis of the Fabric and Textiles Printing, Coating, and Dyeing Environmental Protection Agency,USA .

4. Ali Hasanbeigi, Energy-Efficiency Improvement Opportunities for the Textile Industry, (2010).

5. Alternative Production & Cost saving in Winch Dyeing Department for International Development, UK.

6. Costing textile effluent recovery and reuse, Filtration +Separtaion, June 2006.

7. K.R. Chandran and P. Muthukumaraswamy, SITRA Energy Audit – Implementation Strategy in Textile Mills.

8. S.A.Tarabadkar and H.M. Sharma, Heat Economy in Textile Mills, BTRA & FAITMA Seminar on Conservation of Utilities in Indian Textile Industry, November 26, 2002.

9. Michael E. Porter , The Microeconomics of Competitiveness,TIRPUR KNITWEAR CLUSTER , ( 2011)

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The banks continued to see rise in restructured advances during H1FY14. Total restructured assets of the banks under study increased to Rs.3.6 trillion as on September 30, 2013 from Rs.3.4 trillion as on March 31, 2013. The restructured advances as a proportion of advances stood at 6.47% as compared to 6.03% as on March 31, 2013 (March 31, 2012: 5.38%). A study of the industry-wise distribution of the restructured accounts for 10 banks1 revealed that Infrastructure, Power, Iron & Steel, Textiles and Aviation industries accounted for approximately 60% of the restructured assets outstanding as on September 30, 2013 (March, 2013: 59%). Following table gives the industry wise restructured assets outstanding.

An analysis of the progress report of the Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) Cell during the period March, 2013 and September, 2013 shows that the major sectors where maximum cases of restructuring have been approved are iron & steel, infrastructure, textiles and power. The following table

INDUSTRY AMOUNT ( Rs. Trillion) (% Share)

Infrastructure (including Power) 0.77 36.63

Tex�les

0.19 9.24

Iron and Steel

0.18 8.54

Avia�on

0.11 5.29

Total 1.26 59.71

Industry 31-Mar-13 % share 30-Jun-13 % share 30-Sep-13 % share

Iron & Steel 52,682 23.00 53,543 21.39 41,812 21.30 Infrastructure 21,912 9.60 34,676 13.85 35,543 18.11 Tex�les

17,767

7.80

20,662 8.26 19,545 9.96 Power

18,460

8.10

18,460 7.38 17,225 8.78

Total

229,014

100.00

250,279 100.00 196,267 100.00

shows the amount approved under CDR for the top four industries as on various dates and their percentage share in the total amount approved for CDR.

Source: www.cdrindia.org

Note: These amounts do not account for the restructuring done by banks on a bilateral level.

The total amount restructured under the CDR mechanism increased to Rs.2.5 trillion by June, 2013 as compared to Rs.2.3 trillion as on March, 2013. However, the amount of restructured debt under CDR declined to Rs.1.9 trillion by September, 2013 due to certain accounts exiting due to successful performance in the CDR package and certain accounts getting withdrawn on account of failure. The total number cases declined from 401 as on March 31, 2013 to 261 as on September 30, 2013. The infrastructure sector saw stress mainly during H1FY14 with the amount under CDR increasing by 62% as on September 30, 2013 as compared to March 31, 2013.

RISE IN RESTRUCTURED ASSETS Source : Banking sector performance study – h1fy14 by CARE Rating Agency

ABSTRACT Fragrance nishing of textile materials has been greatly expanded and used in recent years. Fragrance nishing can be done effectively using exhaust method than any other methods. If the fabric is treated with fragrance agents which exhibits higher durability of functionality is estimated. Fragrance nishing can be done by means of lavender aroma with non-ionic binder. This paper examines the effects of fragrance nished aloe-vera and cotton fabrics. Finally both the fragranced nished fabrics were made into wall hangings and the ambiance of the room was evaluated by comparing various factors. In this investigation, factors such as fabric performance, durability of the fragrance and laundering properties of the treated fabrics were investigated. The fragrance nished fabrics can be used in home textile applications such as wall hangings, table covers, carpets and sofa covers.

Keywords: Fragrance Finishes, Cotton Fabric, Aloe-Vera Fabric, Lavender

INTRODUCTION

Gone are the days when quality product was the only criterion to eye a product by a consumer. Earlier were the times when sheer competitiveness in the domestic market was very conned. But, during some past years with the emergence of g lobal izat ion, compet i t ive atmosphere and qual i ty consciousness, has reached a new mark. With the steady improvement in technology & application standards, a gradual rise was observed in consumer demands and to reach up to that mark, manufacturers have to add something to their products to get market value for their products. A product must be able to encompass something more with it & therefore this has taken today’s market to a platform where it seems very difcult for a manufacturer to market his product until he satisfy the consumer with something new which not only rewards him for his novel concept but also lures him with considerable increase in prot . The role of the textile nisher has become increasingly demanding, and now requires a careful balance between the compatibility of different nishing products and treatments and the application processes used to provide textiles with desirable properties. Growing trends and escalating standards leave no stone unturned to boast the current scenario of textile industry. Performance with beauty describes the potential of textile nishing. Fragrance nishing of textiles is one such immaculate magnanimous entry into any textile culture. Fragrance nishing of textiles is the process where we enhance the value of the product by adding some incentives to it. The world market place is continuously changing and so is demand of people changing

FRAGRANCE FINISHING OF TEXTILES-A REVIEW

.Every person desires for some change .i.e. something new & unique. The successful effective implementation of change has to be done to in the market. We by the medium of this paper have made an earnest attempt to present you a detailed comprehensive analysis done by fragrance nishing and which has busted this industry with exuberant value added nish with the incorporation of different scents into fabrics, leading to the production of scented fabrics and the psychology of acceptance of synthetic scents in textile goods.

TECHNOLOGY FOR FRAGRANCE F INISHING (MICROENCAPSULATION)

Microencapsulation is a natural phenomenon and the examples of ideal microcapsules are found in the nature i.e., spores, seeds, eggs and pollen etc only a few to mention. Due to numerous applications of microencapsulation and as a result there are a number of processes developed to encapsulate a galaxy of materials to suit the individual applicability. In the broadest sense, microencapsulation provides a means of packaging, separating and storing solid and liquid materials in a microscopic scale for a later release on your own desire under controlled conditions.

The fragrance compound and the essential oil are volatile substances. The most difcult task in preparing the fragrance emitting textile is how to prolong its lifetime of Adour. Micro-encapsulation is an effective technique to solve this. Microcapsules are minute containers that are normally spherical if they enclose a liquid or gas, and roughly of the shape of the enclosed particle if they contain a solid. It can be considered as a special form of packaging, in that particulate matter can be individually coated for protection against environment and release the volatile substance from the enclosed capsule as required. This property has enabled microcapsules to serve many useful functions and nd applications in different elds of technology. For example, the storage life of a volatile compound can be increased markedly by microencapsuling. The key to aromatic textile is how to make microcapsules of fragrance com-pounds and essential oils without omitting any ingredient in order to ensure its effects. In addition, using a low-temperature polymer binder to attach a perfumed microcapsule to the surface of the textile is also an important part of preparing an aromatic textile. At the same time, durability in laundering and a soft handle should be carefully considered


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Vishnu Pareek, Nikhil Bhosale, Aayushi Agrawal, Shrikant Eklahare

DKTE Society’s Textile & Engineering Institute Ichalkaranji

Why Use Microencapsulation Technology

1. Protection of the enclosed material and improved

storage life.

2. Conversion of a liquid component to a dry solid

system.

3. Ensuring separation of incompatible components.

4. Odor masking, dust control and pH control

5. Controlled diffusion of active components through the

shell as for example in delayed drug release.

APPLICATIONS :

Cosmeto-textiles

Microencapsulated skin moisturizers, vitamins and provitamins are applied in garments and known as cosmeto-textiles, designed for wear in contact with skin. These are claimed to promote a younger look, counteracting the effects of skin ageing, e.g. as a result of exposure to UV-radiation. There are also microencapsulated preparations for skin cooling.

Aromatherapy Textiles

The uses of aromatherapy textile are diverse. Interior textiles such as sheets, quilt-covers, curtains, carpets and bed-gowns are suitable for the attachment of lavender, camomile, citrus or cinnamon microcapsules, which are good for hypnogenesis and eliminating fatigue. Patients suffering high blood pressure feel sedation when they use a pillow made of fabric treated with lavender, basil, and lemon or fennel microcapsules. The tired ofce clerk wearing clothing with a scent of lemon rose, or jasmine oil may nd his work efciency improved. Meanwhile, it is convenient for dermatitis sufferers to be cured with the aid of underwear containing killing gem fabric. Perfumed toys make it easier for children to get closer to nature. Generally speaking, varied per-fume fabrics create good opportunities for customers to make the ‘cocooning’ environment they prefer to live in

Home Textiles

In other areas, household textiles such as curtains, sofas, cushions, sheets, as well as apparel items such as gloves, socks and ties may also be treated with microencapsulated fragrance and deodorizing nishes. The carpets can be nished with fragrances of different kinds and can be widely used in home textiles as well as automotive textiles.

Sport Wears

As the ‘second skin’ of the human body, all types of textile are excellent media for transferring fragrance compounds, and are essential to people in sport according to their preference for them. The type of the fragrance necessary for sports wear may be orange, lemon which will keep them energized on the ground for longer period

FRAGRANCES AND HUMAN EMOTIONS

PROCESS FOR FRAGRANCE FINISHING

WeavingIn the weaving process, the fabric is woven by plain weave with 60 ends per inch (EPI), 48 Picks per inch (PPI) and the yarn count used is 20s Ne (100 % cotton).

Desizing

Both the cotton fabrics are treated with de-sizing process for removing starch size. The fabric is padded with malt extract enzyme (3-5%) at 60°C by using 1:20 material to liquor ratio with pH 6-7. Finally the material is washed, squeezed and dried.

Scouring

After de-sizing the fabrics are treated with scouring process for

Cotton Fabric Aloe-vera Fabric

Ends per inch 60 course per inch 60

picks per inch 48 Wales per inch 486 6Count 20 Ne Count 20 Ne

Fabric width 60 Inch Fabric width 60 Inch

Type of weave Plain weave Type of weave Plain weave

Procure aloe-vera and cotton yams samples

Weaving

Desizing

Scouring

Printing

Fragrance Finishing

Test Analysis

Product Development

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SI. No. Recipe Concentration

1. Cel022 Aloe+Lavender 5-10%

2. Binder ST 5-7%03. Temperature 40 C

4. Time 20-30min


remove the natural and added impurities present in fabric such as natural oils, wax, pectins, proteins, mineral matters, dirt etc. The fabric is treated with NaOH (2-3gm/l) and (2-3gm/l) non-ionic surfactant at 100°C for two hours by using 1: 20 material to liquor ratio with 12 pH. Finally the material is washed, squeezed and dried to get better absorbency.

Printing

The fabrics are printed with pigment colours by using direct style roller printing machine. And the fabrics were dried at 100°C, cured at 150°C for 4 to 5 minutes. Finally the fabrics are washed with 2% non-ionic surfactant and dried.

METHODOLOGY

Fragrance Finishing

Fragrance nishing is the process of imparting aroma in any textile substrate. This is done by exhaust method which means, fragrance agents is applied on both the cotton fabrics with the help of binder. Lavender fragrance was taken as a avor for this process.

Preparation of Recipe

The lavender fragrance agents with binder ST were formed by mixture solution containing alcohol and distilled water with ratio (1:3). The solution was emulsied with a high-speed mixer at a speed of about 10,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The emulsied system was transferred into a ask. The alcoholic fragrance solution was added into the emulsied solutions over 30 minutes, and stirred at a temperature of 40°C for 2 hours.

Finishing Process

Fragrance nishing was given to the fabric by exhaustion method with 5-7% binder ST which is used as cross-linking agent. The fabrics were kept immersed in the solution containing lavender fragrance, (ML ratio – 1: 10) for 20-30 minutes at 40ºC in water bath. After nishing, the fabrics were removed, squeezed and dried at 100ºC in the oven for 5 minutes and then cured at 120 ºC for 2 minutes

CONCLUSIONS

Fragrance nish is the process by which textile materials are treated with the pleasant odors which yields better benecial effects. The pleasant smells can be created by the essential oils have pharmacological effects like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, etc. and mood elevating effects. The fragrance of lavender proves good way to meet important psychological and emotional needs, as well as those of a purely physical and sensorial nature. Thus by comparing the laundering durability results, it justies that fragrance nished aloe-vera fabric has better laundering durability. Comparing the sensorial effect of fragrance intensity, it justies that fragrance nished aloe-vera fabric has better sensorial effect of fragrance intensity. Then based on the washing fastness results, it justies that fragrance nished aloe-vera fabric has better adjacent fabrics staining rating than cotton fabric. Comparing the light fastness rating, it justies that fragrance nished cotton fabric has slightly better light fastness rating than aloe-vera fabric. Based on the wick-ability results, it justies that wick-ability were good for both fabrics. Finally based on the overall performance it is concluded that the fragrance nished aloe-vera fabric is better than cotton fabric for wall hanging (curtain) and in all home textile applications.

REFERENCES Aromachology and its Application in the Textile Field -C. X. Wang,

Sh. L. Chen , Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe January / December 2005, Vol. 13, No. 6 (54).

Capture and Controlled Release of Fragrances by CD Finished Textiles - B. MARTEL, Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry 44: 439–442, 2002.

Odor Measurement in Textile Industries – Krzysz Gniotek , Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe January / March 2003 Vol. 11 No.1 (40).

Scent-Infused Textiles to Enhance Consumer Experiences John Pierce, leader; Fernando Tovia; Natalie Weathers (Phila U) National Textile Center Research Briefs – Fabrication Competency: June 2006.

http://www.bre2fashion.com/industry-article/textile-industry- articles/fragrance-nishing-of-textiles/fragrance-nishing-of- textiles1.aspŸ http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.textile.20120103.01.html#Sec5


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Textile Association of India, South Gujarat Unit organized 11th International & 69th All India Textile Conference in Surat on 20th & 21st December, 2013 at the Gateway (Taj) Hotel. After a very long time Surat had organized conference, all are cheerful and grateful to Surat division. TAI committee member, given warm welcomed to all delegates, speakers, host, invitees. The conference theme was “Indian textile – Global Prospects & Perception.”

Mr. Hrishikesh Mafatlal was the chief guest & inaugurated the ceremony. Excellence work awards given to various eld & god work done.

There are eminent speakers invited from industry, education, Government. They had shared very useful information & fruitful knowledge for delegates.

REPORT ON TAI – SURAT CONFERENCE

Mr. MOHAN KAVRIE

Can innovation be managed? Very well explained by Albert Einstein, “ Look deep into nature and you will understand everything ”

History indicates that humans depend on vision and make efforts to understand rational incidence around them. Think the unthinkable and then bring it to reality. One such application is Biomimetics. These are biologically inspired textiles with concepts derived from nature and reviewed to create wonders in fabrics and apparel.

Smart and intelligent textiles are important developing areas in science due to their major commercial viability and public interests. These materials and/or structures can sense and/or respond to the environmental conditions or stimuli. Nature designed biomaterials have structure–functional capabilities that are beyond the reach of man-made materials like silk, leather and wool. Success in harnessing bio-inspired approaches might create intelligent apparel which can perform sensing and actuation, currently considered as science ction.

1. INTRODUCTION

Biomimetics – synonymous with ‘biomimesis’, ‘biomimicry’, ‘bionics’, ‘biognosis’, ‘biologically inspired design’ words and phrases that imply adaptation from biology – is a relatively young study embracing the practical use of mechanisms and functions of biological science in engineering, design, chemistry, electronics and so on.

In the early 1940s George de Mestral, a Swiss agricultural engineer, went for a walk in the forest with his dog. Upon his return he noticed that dog’s fur and his trousers were covered in cockleburs (Xanthium). His inventor’s curiosity led him to study them under microscope. He discovered the hooked ends of the bristles that stick out from the seeds. This became the base for ZIP and later developed into a two-sided fastener. One side had stiff hooks like the burs; the other had loops like the fabric of his trousers. Result being Velcro, named from the French word ‘velour’ (velvet) and ‘crochet’ (hook). Next challenge was to make machinery to produce textured fabrics that would work reliably. After considerable experimentation, de Mestral developed special looms and hook- cutting machinery.

2. BIOMIMETICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN TEXTILES

This novel concept implementation ranges from ber forming to the nishing stages for development of products with specic applications.

Fig: 1 An overview of various objects from nature and their selected function 2.1 Lotus Effect - Design of anti-dust, water repellent fabrics:

Fig 2 Lotus Effect

Ever clean, anti-dust and water repellent properties of glassy lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf arise from its surface micro-topography. The plant’s cuticle is made up of soluble lipids, embedded in a polyester matrix – wax. This Micro topography exhibits extensive folding (i.e. papillose epidermal cells) and epi-cuticular wax crystals jutting out from the plant’s surface results in a rough micro- texture. As a result, the adhesive force on trapped water droplets in the interstitial spaces of the roughened surface is reduced. Such micro architecture results in a reduced liquid-to-solid contact area, exhibiting super hydrophobicity to water and dust particles (Fig.3). Due to this reduced surface area between water and

BIOMIMETICS IN TEXTILE

DKTE'S Textile Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji

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leaf’s microtopography, the water drops roll off taking the attached dirt particles with them, and cleaning the leaf surface forever.

Modern nano-science and micro fabricat ion technologies are equipped to design such features articially and incorporate them into fabrics to give water and dust repellent apparel. Super hydrophobic poly-lactic acid (PLA) fabric is created via UV-photo grafting of silica particles functionalized with vinyl surface group over si l ica microstructure. The result being a robust method to design water and dust repellent fabrics.

Fig: 3 Nature inspired lotus design into fabrics to mimic water and dust repellent apparel. Micro-topography with specialized wax coated epidermal cells (left) and, conventional design mimicking the anti-lotus effect into smart fabric design.

2.2 Shark skin inspired low hydrodynamic surface drag

Fig: 4 Shark skin feature inspired low hydrodynamic surface drag: high efciency swimsuits design with antibacterial effect

Shark species (super order Selachimorpha) maintain buoyancy due to special ingenious anti-drag design of their skin that reduces drag by 5–10%. Scanning electron microscope studies have revealed tooth-like V shaped scales of shark skin - dermal denticles (little skin teeth or riblets) that are ribbed with longitudinal grooves (aligned parallel to the direction of local ow of water). It produces vertical vortices or spirals of water, keeping the water closer to the shark’s body. This results in low surface drag (Fig. 4). This micro scale longitudinal ridges inuence the uid ow in the transverse direction by limiting the degree of momentum transfer. The ratio of scale height to tip-to-tip spacing plays a critical role in reducing the longitudinal and transverse drags. Another remarkable feature of this

micro-topography is antibacterial fouling surfaces.

Scientists are inspired to improve swimming suits design based on this hydrodynamics and antimicrobial principles of shark’s skin. In Olympic swimming competitions, where 1/100th of a second can make the difference between winning and losing the event.

These tight tting suits mimic the properties of a shark’s skin due to superimposed vertical resin stripes -known as Riblet effect (Fig. 4). Swimsuits made with the new bers and weaving techniques mimicking shark scales cling tightly to the swimmer’s body. It may give the wearer a 6-m equivalent head start in swimming competition by dampening turbulence in the immediate layer of water, next to the skin.

2.3 Spider silk inspired anti-tear fabric design

Fig: 5 Schematic showing spider silk inspired anti-tear fabric design.

Spider (family Theridiidae) creats web by extruding proteinaceous spider silk from its spinnerets to trap the insects. This natural silk exhibits unique properties of stiffness, strength, extensibility and toughness (Fig. 5). It is due to nano-scale crystalline reinforcement where stiff nanometer-size crystallites are embedded uniquely to adhere strongly in soft, stretchy protein matrices.

Scientists are now able to model materials which have strength and stretch ability similar to spider silk. This synthetic nano-reinforced structure provides an opportunity to synthesize and conjugate polymer in future fabrics which will potentially rival the most advanced materials in nature. Using a new solvent-exchange approach, the hard micro domains of polyurethane elastomer (a polymer that consists of long chains composed of small repeating molecular units) is incorporated with tiny clay discs (about 1 nm, or a billionth of a meter thick and 25 nm in diameter). This interesting aspect can be easily tuned to make bers similar to stretchy compounds such as nylon or Lycra for traditional textile industry.

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2.4 Firey glow designed e-circuited fabrics

Fig: 6 Learning from rey glow: designing e-circuited luminescence in fabrics.

Glow Light in reies arises on account of an enzyme catalyzed (luciferase) bio-chemical reaction called bio-luminescence. This process occurs in specialized light-emitting organs, usually on a rey’s lower abdomen (Fig. 6). The enzyme luciferase acts on luciferin, in the presence of magnesium ions (Mg2+), adenosene triphosphate (ATP) and oxygen to produce light. This chemical process provides inciting motivation to design glowing clothes in dark that would add valuable assets to fabrics and textile industry.

It is now possible to produce such light-emitting devices with fabric printed circuit boards (PCBs) at large scale and successfully connect them with wearable display format using socket buttons. Thus enabling the rey glow in fancy dresses by utilizing electronic textile engineering (e-fabric) design.

2.5 Touch sensitive apparel design

Fig: 7 A scheme showing touch sensitive apparel design inspired by touch-me-not (Mimosa spp) pulvinus features.

Touch sensitive plant Mimosa pudica has leaf-moving muscle - pulvinus similar to actin–myosin of human muscles. Pulvini are swollen part at the base of Mimosa leaf stalks or petioles which act as an autonomous organ, housing mechano- and photoreceptors that enables leaf to move in response to external stimuli resulting in touch sensitive hydraulic actuation. Anatomically, all pulvini comprise thick walled, water-conducting vascular tissue, surrounded by thin

walled motor cells. These specialized cells undergo visible swelling and shrinking, actuated by changes in turgor pressure and rapid growth expansion across leaf epidermis involving ion transport (Fig. 7). This exhibits one of the remarkable weathering phenomena in plant tissue when touched and exemplies the fastest plant movements.

Mimosa pulvinus mediated touch sensitive actuation put forth an enormous opportunity to design fabrics which shrink and de-shrink in response to external stimuli such as touch, sound and/or light. In fashion industry, this would represent a dream opportunity to come true when models walking on ramp will show folding–unfolding modes of smart fabrics with novel sensing capacity. Adopting functional mimesis to the Mimosa leaf pulvinus, researchers have designed haptic fabrics by knitted smart materials with touch therapy features. Such wearable fabrics equipped with actuators and sensors perform articial massaging and aromatizing functions while walking. Most important, such fabrics could provide a sympathetic side of apparel design by attending, understanding and responding to another person’s emotional expressions, a fundamental requisite of elderly person, spending lone time in hospitals.

2.6 Pine cone inspired hygroscopic movements to design smart breathing fabrics

Fig. 8 Schematic illustration of pine cone inspired hygroscopic movements to design smart breathing fabrics.

The scales of seed-bearing pine (Pinus radiate) cones move in response to changes in relative humidity. This hygroscopic movement is motivated by a structural–functional mechanism at the base of each seed petal or scale of the pine cone. When dry, it automatically opens up by moving away the scales gap, facilitating release of the cone’s seed. In moist (damp) environment, scales close up (Fig. 8.)

Microscopic anatomy reveals two types of scales growing from the main body of the cone: ovuliferous scale and bract scale. The larger ovuliferous scales bear microscopic sclerenchymatous (cellulose) bers on upper and lower surface. It responds to changes in relative humidity by opening–closing cone aperture. In addition, orientation of cellulose microbrils between two layers of scales and their expansion in response to relative humidity further controls the vital bending of the scales, facilitating opening–closing of the


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cone aperture for seed dispersal.

This natural phenomenon inspired to design humid sensitive adaptive cloth, delivering relief from the discomfort caused by moisture in clothing microclimate as experienced in urban environments. The fabric design utilizes two layers: one of thin spikes of wool, water absorbent material which opens up when gets wet by the wearer’s sweat. When the layer dries out, the spikes automatically close up again. An underneath second layer protects the wearer from the rain and this smart fabric works like breathing cloth, taking dry air in while closing the fabric pores and moist air out while opening. Such fabric could adapt to changing temperatures just like a pinecone’s bract.

2.7 Camouage

Fig: 9 Animated sketch of Chameleon skin derived material design approach for camouage apparel (military defense).

The phenomenon of camouage in certain shes and amphibian occurs due to excellent iridescent lateral stripes or spots which change their color from blue–violet under low light intensity to green, orange and/or red under increased light intensities. These colors are produced by the constructive interference of light from the stacks of thin alternating transparent layers with different refractive indexes. The sh and Chameleon skin has a specialized layer of cells under their transparent outer skin which are lled with chromatophores or alternating layers of iridophores, guanine crystals. In Chameleon, a layer of dark melanin housed in melanophores is situated in deeper skin layers and contains reective iridophores, which exhibits phenomenal camouage (Fig. 9).

These cells are lled with efciently distributed pigment granules located in cytoplasm. High illumination causes the photoreceptor chromatophores to open up sodium channels and resulting accumulation of hydrated Na+ ion increases the thickness of the cytoplasmic layers. Reverse phenomenon takes place in low light illumination and variation in the wavelength of the reected light stimulates the pigment cells to rapidly relocate their pigments and color of the skin. It gives them inherent ability to adjust their body color and remain indiscernible from the surrounding environment.

Natures this cryptic phenomenon has inspired scientists to design choleric liquid crystals (CLCs) that alter the visible color of an object to create the thermal and visual camouage in fabrics. The color of CLCs can be changed with temperature sensit ive thermocouples. The heating–cooling ability of thermocouples can be used to adjust the color of the liquid crystals to match the object’s background color, providing camouage or adaptive concealment as schematically depicted in Fig. 9 or 10 Check original script for number. Moreover, nature- inspired camouage in animals has stimulated optical camouage research in fabric design to develop and impregnate the phased optical array (OPA) like holographic designs in three dimensional hologram of background scenery, on an object to be concealed.

2. 8 Self healing fabric

Fig: 10 Self healing fabric design inspired by nature’s self-healing mechanism in mammalian tissue.

Self healing ability has inspired new ideas and mechanism which are of fundamental interests for the engineers in designing self healing fabric. Healing process in mammals is much complex and involves hemostasis (arrest of bleeding), inammation (recruiting immune cells to clear of any microbial population and cell debris), proliferation (growth of new tissue), and remodeling (retaining tissue shape like before injury) Fig. 11. All these events take place spontaneously and autonomously in ordered phases, triggered by injury processes at wound site albeit healing process is time consuming. Moreover, in mammals, the intrinsic mechanism of healing is evolved around the chemical reactions of a series of active enzyme cascades and their inactive precursors, known as clotting factors.

In mimicking bio-inspired self-healing program, a reasonably rapid response is required to restore the degree of structural integrity or prevent crack propagation. In addition, mimicking such enormously complex and lengthy process has limitations due to the lack of replenishment of the engineering components in the system designed for self-healing fabrics.

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Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd’s (ABNL) division Indian Rayon has brought the unique spool spun yarn technology for manufacturing high quality super fine denier viscose filament yarn for its unit based in Gujarat from ENKA GmbH and Co., Germany. The Company can now produce and market products from the imported machines under the Enka brand in India. The uniqueness of this technology is its capability of manufacturing superfine deniers, which is most suitable in georgettes, chiffons and crepes.

The Enka brand was recently launched by Indian Rayon at Surat at a fashion show in the event titled “from plantation to panache”. Ms. Archana Kochhar renowned designer showcased her collection “Chokhi – inspired by the art of Rajasthan’s historical architectures. Actor Soha Ali Khan graced the occasion.

Ta lk ing about the b e n e f i t o f t h i s manufacturing set up in India, Mr. Lalit Naik, Deputy Manag ing Director of ABNL said “The production o f y a r n o n E n k a machines would give an edge to the Indian Rayon business and also give flexibility to customers in procuring the Enka branded yarn from Indian plant.”

This step is clearly aligned to the need of Indian market today, stated Dr. Bir Kapoor, the President and unit Head of Indian

Rayon. “With the growing demand of superfine fabrics in India, especially in women’s apparel and saris, Indian Rayon would be able to entrench its VFY more intensely into discerning markets”, he commented.

Enka yarn has uniform cross sectional properties, high tensile strength, uniform elongation, high brightness and whiteness properties, in addition to the well-established properties of viscose filament yarn having high lustre and colour brilliance, extreme comfort, skin-friendly, soft and smooth feel, unique drape and fluidity. Though manmade to suit diverse textile specifications, this has its origin in cellulose drawn from wood pulp and hence is 100% natural and bio-degradable. As Ms. Archana Kochhar says “I have used fabrics made from viscose

filament yarns. The fabric is a delight to work with especially for the feel and the fall in the superfine fabrics”.

About ENKA GmbH and Co

ENKA GmbH and Co., Germany, a subsidiary of IC IG ( I n t e rna t i ona l

Chemical Investor Group), is a world class manufacturer of Viscose Filament Yarn. It was founded in 1899 in Glanzstoff and is today reckoned not only in the European markets but also global for quality, technology and sustainability standards.

LAUNCH OF ENKA BRAND BY INDIAN RAYON ....


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“Feels like Cotton and looks like Linen” … is the Mantra of Aryan Silk Mills.

Aryan Silk MillsHead Office : Andheri East ,Factory : J-2, 2nd Floor,Shree Arihant Complex,Kalher, Bhiwandi, Thane - 421302. Tel - 02522-646969 / 646901 | Mobile - 09324778264, email id : [email protected] Contact Person : Mr.Vineet Arya : 9324525002

1. INTRODUCTIONToday, textiles can be seen working at the interdisciplinary level by offering the several technical advantages that may not be accumulated in a single material traditionally known. The technical textile is the most important and huge sector for various product development for many functional applications. Mobiltech (automotive applications such cars, trucks, buses, trains, ships and aerospace) represent the largest single end-use area for technical textiles. Composite materials are one such class of materials that play a important role in aerospace components. They are particularly attractive to aviation and aerospace applications because of their exceptional strength and stiffness-to-density ratios and superior physical properties. Based on the applications, textiles used in aerospace are broadly divided into aircraft textiles and space textiles. The current article focuses on aerospace textiles, various composites application and their application in aviation, aircraft textiles and space textiles.

The mobiltech segment’s growth depends largely on the growth of the automotive sector in India, which has been brisk in recent years. India’s mobiltech segment is hence expected to grow at a rate of 17% to US$ 1,870 Million by 2016-17 as per estimates of the Working Group on Textiles and Jute Industry, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. Aerospace is one of important technical textile subdivision of Mobiltech . Aerospace is compression of Aeronautics and Space flight. Aerospace textile covers special finished products to engineered textiles. It includes the textile containing articles for specific functional necessities to work in aircrafts, space suits, space shuttles, lunar and mars mission, and space transportation. The design, manufacture and applications of textile composites in space and aerospace have become one of the most leading aspects in present-day textiles.

2. SPACE AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

Knowledge about the space and its environmental conditions is a mandatory before entering into developing aerospace textiles. The outer space is very complex and causes numerous health risks. Generally, the outer space environment is space or vacuum surrounds the upper most part of earth and also other objects in universe. In space the pressure is zero where as at sea level in earth the pressure is 101 kilopascals. Due to the absence of external pressure, which in turn helps in balancing the internal pressure of body fluids and gases, it can rip apart fragile tissues such as eardrum and capillaries etc. Further lack of oxygen to the brain leads to

immediate unconsciousness in less than 15 seconds. The temperature range found in outer space provides a second major hazard for humans. Electrically charged particle, ultraviolet radiation, and micrometeoroids are the other environmental problems encountered in outer space. Hence, there is a need for a system to determine, detect and prevent certain level of radiations, pressures and temperatures encountered by the astronauts to keep him alive in that environment.

3. AEROSPACE MATERIALS

The most successful materials employed for manufacturing of aerospace textile and structures are composites. A composite is commonly defined as a combination of two or more distinct materials, each of which retains its own distinctive properties, to create a new material with properties that cannot be achieved by any of the components acting alone. Composites are often stronger than conventional materials and weigh less. Composites are formed by commonly incorporate a structural fibre and a plastic, this is known as Fibre Reinforced Plastics, or FRP. The fibre provides the structure and strength to the composite, while a plastic polymer holds the fibre together.

3.1 RAW MATERIALS EMPLOYED

A. FIBRES

1. Carbon Fibres

I t i s t h e m a t e r i a l consisting of extremely thin fibres about 0.0002 - 0.0004'' in diameter and contains mostly carbon atoms as it is produced as the by-produc t dur ing the crack ing process o f crude oil. It is also called as graphite fibre. These fibres have excellent tensile strength, heat resistance and chemical resistance (4). The very first commercial use of carbon fibres is often attributed to Thomas Edison’s carbonization of cotton and bamboo fibres for incandescent lamp filaments (5). However, practical commercial use of carbon fibres for reinforcement applications began in the late 1950s with the pursuit of improved raw materials for the manufacture and design of special utility components of aviation machine, space rockets. Activity increased rapidly during the 1960s and 1970s to improve the performance/price ratio of carbon fibres. Much of this effort focused on evaluation of various precursors, since carbon fibre can be made from almost anything that yields a quality char upon pyrolysis. Donnet and Bansal (6) present a good overview of various researchers’ efforts to evaluate different precursors, including PAN (polyacrylonitrile), pitch, rayon, phenol, lignin, imides, amides, vinyl polymers, and various

COMPOSITE TEXTILE APPLICATIONS IN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY

Nikhil Bhosale, Vishnu Pareek Student

Shrikant Eklahare, Vardhaman chougule Faculty

D.K.T.E Society’s, Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji


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naturally occurring cellulosic materials. Carbon fibres are available in many of the same formats as glass fibre. These formats include continuous filament spooled fibre, milled fibre, chopped fibre, woven fabrics, felts, veils, and chopped fibre mattes.

2. E- Glass

E- Glass or electrical grade was originally developed for stand-off insulators for electrical wiring. It was later found to have excellent f i b r e f o r m i n g capabilities and is used almost exclusively as the reinforcing phase in the material commonly known as fibreglass. Glass is extensively used in modern composites, have high tensile strength, but very brittle and extremely sensitive to cracks and defects. When used in composite plastic matrix protects its surface and prevents crack formation, which produces a strong composite. Glass is also used for its low cost. It comes in different types e.g. A, C, D, E. E-Glass, gives special electrical properties, dimensional stability, moisture resistance and low cost. S-Glass has higher tensile strength, high elastic modulus and better thermal stability but also expensive. It is used in advance composites. C-glass gives chemical resistance. D- Glass is improved form of E-glass.

3. Kevlar fibres

T h e D u P o n t Company invented aramid fibres in the 1960’s as part of their continuing research into all types of nylon (polyamide) f ibres. DuPont found that by making the polymer highly aromatic (that is, u s i n g m a t e r i a l s containing many benzene rings) a very stiff and strong fibre could be formed. The chemical structure of Kevlar shows the benzene rings along the polymeric backbone. (See Figure) These materials were called “aramids” from a contraction of their chemical description -aromatic polyamides. They are:

• Heat resistant

• High strength and modulus.

• Good resistance to abrasion.

• Good fabric integrity even at elevated temperatures.

• Corrosion resistance.

• Malleability.

Kevlar fibres are known for the ability to provide quality and consistency, which are critical for aerospace applications. Kevlar fabrics are used in containment wraps, which perform the

important role in preventing the broken engine blades from damaging the aircraft or entering the compartment of the passengers.

4. Alumina-boria-silica fibres

Nextel is the trade name for Alumina-boria silica fibres. Retain strength Flexibility with little shrinkage even at continuous temperatures up to 2012°F (1100°C).

5. Silicon carbide fibre

These fibres are similar to carbon fibres. Major properties are heat resistance, corrosion resistance, elasticity and withstand temperature as high as 1500°C.

6. Nylon fibre

Nylon 6,6 is made of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid, which give nylon 6,6 a total of 2 carbons. They are heat resistance, friction resistance and melting point of 256°C (7,8).

B. MATRIX MATERIALS

Matrices are the essential material used to embed fibres and hold them in particular positions and orientations in order to provide the composite structural integrity. It is the capability of the matrix to transfer stresses which determines the degree of realization of mechanical properties of fibres and final performance of the resultant composites. Stress-strain behavior and adhesion properties are important properties are important criteria which control the ability of the matrix to transfer stresses. The chemical properties are generally determined by this plastic component.

The matrix is mostly plastics generally polymers which can be grouped into two categories:

Unsaturated polyester resins have been in use for decades for the production of the glass fibre reinforced plastics for many industrial applications. During recent years, because of better toughness, appropriate stress – strain behaviour, indefinite shelf life and reprocessibilty, engineering thermoplastics are emerging as promising products for matrix materials. The most widely used thermoset resin is epoxy. Epoxy resins are ideal for high temperature applications. They offer versatility, broad range of physical properties, mechanical capabilities and processing conditions. Depending on manufacturing conditions, epoxy resins can provide toughness, chemical and solvent resistance, flexibility, high strength, and hardness, creep and fatigue resistance, good fibre adhesion, heat resistance, and excellent electrical properties. Metal and Ceramics matrix materials are also researched and used for the manufacturing of composites. The metal matrix composites offer higher modulus of elasticity, ductility, and resistance to elevated temperature than polymer matrix composites. But, they are heavier and more difficult to process.


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4. APPLICATION OF AEROSPACE TEXTILES

Based on the applications, textiles used in Aerospace are broadly divided into Aircraft Textiles and Space Textiles.

4.1 Aircraft Textiles

The utility of composites in various aircrafts had predominantly increased due to the properties like strength, resistance to heat, chemical and harmful radiations, specific modulus, etc. Though the percentage of usage may vary they vastly improve the strength, performance and fuel economy, which are the credit for the air craft.

The textile articles being used in aircrafts are mainly for the below purposes:

• Wings, Body Parts

• Curtains

• Upholstery fabrics

• Aerodynamic fairings

• Wall covers

• Head set

• Floor carpet / covering

• Seat Cover

A-380 COMPOSITE COMPONENTS

Properties of technical textile for spacecraft are:

• High specific modulus & Strength

• Resistant to chemicals and organic solvents

• Good fatigue.

• Thermal insulated and resistant.

• Impact and stress resistant

• Better dimensional stability& conformability.

• Low flammability & Non-sensitive to harmful radiations.

Most of the US commercial jets have their brakes made from carbon composites as they are the only once, which can withstand the high temperatures generated, if the take off is aborted all of a sudden. Tyre cords of jet aero planes are made up of Nylon 6,6, of thickness 840 D, since they require to

withstand strong pressure and frictional heat developed at the time of landing. Kevlar nonwoven felt liners are being used as fire barriers to cover urethane foam seats on all the air craft’s so as to prevent the production of highly toxic cyanide gases, when such foams burn during the accidents. Carbon and other high performance fibres are used in the rocket exhausts and nose cone covers for space shuttle, so as to protect them from heat, air friction during launch and re entry.

4.2 Space Textiles

Clothing used in space craft’s by astronauts is generally named as Space Suit. The environment faced by the astronauts are very complex in space when compared to the earth’s, where the gravitational attraction holds atmosphere comprising a mixture of gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and thick form of water vapour and this atmosphere protects us from various factors. Thus, there is a need for a system to protect, determine, detect and prevent certain level of radiations, pressures and temperatures encountered by the astronauts to keep him alive in that environment. A space suit is a complex system of equipment, specially designed to protect and keep a person comfortable in the rough environment of outer space.

Some of the Properties of a space suit must possess are the following:

1. Lighter in weight.2. Flexible in handling.3. Soft in touch.4. Comparable in strength with metal.5. Modifiable in size and shape.6. Thermal insulated and thermal resistant.7. Chemical Resistance

A. Design of an Extra Vehicular Mobility Unit (EMU)

An Extra Vehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) was designed by the NASA Engineers. It consists of 14 layers of structures to perform random functions such as thermal resistant, vapour absorbing and impact resistant layers. The inner layers of the suit do activities like cooling and ventilation garment. An EMU consists of wide operations in it like; Drink bag, communication systems, TV camera and lights.


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First Layer: It is made up of knitted form of Nylon tricot is lined

Second Layer: Spandex material fabric (a poly-urethane elastic thread) with plastic tubing is laced.

Third Layer: It is a Urethane-coated nylon fabric layer called the pressure bladder layer

Fourth Layer: Over the third layer a pressure-restraining layer made of Dacron, is laced. These two layers are employed to protect the astronauts from pressures balancing both internal and external pressures.

Fifth Layer: Above those two layers, a thin liner of nylon coated with Neoprene Nylon Ripstop is placed.

Sixth To Twelfth Layer: Followed by a series of 7 layers, thermal micrometeoroid garment of aluminized Mylar laminated with Dacron. These 7 layers are thermal insulated, protecting the astronaut from heat phenomenon and impact resistant protecting from meteoroids.

Thirteenth and Fourteenth Layer: The final or the outer layer of space suit, which is exposed to various radiations, is made of a blend of Goretex, Kevlar and Nomex materials (9,10).

B. G- Suit

A G-suit, or the more accurately named anti-g suit, is a flight suit worn by aviators and astronauts who are subject to high levels of acceleration force (g). Generally, a g-suit is composed of inflatable bladders, containing air or liquid that can be pressurized using a g-sensitive valve and held firm to legs and abdomen under higher values of g (gravitational force). The principle desired function of g-suit is to resist the blood draining from brain and upper body parts to legs of aviators. The initial effect of blood pooling in lower parts is a reduced level of vision termed as grey- out (= browning of scene) called g-induced loss of consciousness (g- LOC). Black-out and g-LOC has caused a number of fatal aircraft accidents (11).

C. Parachute

It is effectively contributing in aerospace motion for men and materials. Parachutes help the safe decent of person or material from a e r o s p a c e t o g r o u n d s u r f a c e . G e n e r a l l y, a parachute composes of thin l i g h t w e i g h t f a b r i c , s up p o r t i n g t a p e s a nd suspension lines. Nylon, po l ye s te r, Kev l a r and Nomex fibre types are used in fabric for parachute. It is f l e x i b l e a n d w e a t h e r resistance.

5 . S A F E T Y A N D ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

5.1 Safety systems

Safety systems are inevitable for all aircrafts. The safety systems

while ensuring safety of the aircraft / aircrew / traveler, do not directly contribute towards operational capability of the aircraft. Their addition into the aircraft thus brings a weight overhead and it is a challenging task for the designer to minimize their weights. Fabrics are now universally and extensively used in the design of safety system of aircraft due to their light weight and a host of other favorable properties. Eg: Life Jackets, Survival Pack

5.2 Environment or Protective system

Fabrics are also used in other aerospace application like, protective systems viz; flying clothing, fire proof/ fire retardant zones, pressure suits etc and environment systems viz; passenger seats, cabin upholstery, pressure suits, camouflage covers.

6. CONCLUSION

Aerospace textiles are the one of most important sector which is mainly built to safe guard the life of an aerospace traveler. The ultimate aim of the Aerospace textiles is to protect the human body from a disaster or from the high rays in the upper layer of the atmosphere and spaces. The development of these textiles is a great boon to the present-day textile industry. Presently, these kinds of textiles are making a significant contribution to the increasing market for textiles. Although a lot of aerospace programmes have started using advanced composites, lesser industries are aware of the development in this ever-growing area of composite technology. This is due to lack of access to this technology and non implementation of the locally manufacturing composites at a reasonable cost. There is lot of scope for research and development in aerospace textiles and also for horizontal and vertical growth in aerospace textiles to save the life.

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Prof. Shrikant Eklahare is a Faculty of Textile Finishing, D.K.T.E Society’s, Textile & Engineering Institute and UDCT (Univers i ty Department of Chemical Technology) Maharashtra, India.

Prof. Vardhaman chougule is the Faculty of Textile Technology, D.K.T.E Society’s, Textile & Engineering Institute Ichalkaranji-416115, India.

The authors wish to thank the Shahanawaj Mujawar , Avadhut Rane, Abhi Kamble and Bajirao Jadhav for their continuous support.

8. REFERENCES1. http://technotex.gov.in2. http://www.sasmira.org/an%20article.pdf3. http://www.technicaltextile.gov.in/indexf41b.html?id=104. Paul J. Walsh, ASM Handbook, Composites, 21, 2001, Pg. 35-40.5. T. Edison, U.S. Patent 223,898, 1880 6. J.B. Donnet and R.C. Bansal, Carbon Fibres, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, 19907. http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/25/2473/application- of-composites-in-aerospace-textiles1.asp published on March 19, 2010.8. M.V.Ragavendra Pavan, Karthik Macharla, Dr. J.Hayavadana, The Indian Textile Journal, March, March 2009, Pg.71-779. Nicole C. Jordan, Joseph H. Saleh, Dava J. Newman, Acta Astronautica, 59 (12), 2006, Pg 1135–1145.10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-suit


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Hindustan chamber of commerce organized interactive meet with Shri Anil B. Joshi, Textile Commissioner on 11th January, 2014 on chamber ofce’s conference room, where he was invited to speak on 12th Plan new Textile Policy. Meeting was truly interactive, as members asked their queries, which was satisfactorily answered by Textile Commissioner. He has mentioned 3 important aspect of industry development ie Capital, Labour & Infrastructure. In all three, Ministry had introduced development activity for the benet of industry.

Capital: TUFS ( Technology Up gradation Fund Scheme ) . In 12th Plan ( year 2012 -2017) our main focus is on Weaving & Processing. As our Ginning, Spinning industry is already established. We are giving interest Subvention at 6% & Capital Subsidy at 15% on new Machinery with more than 800 RPM Loom (benchmark), as our purpose of giving TUFS for more productivity, quality, and sustainability.

Labour: As in the change of Chinese Policy, Labour in China will be higher, also their focus are more on Agriculture development then

Textiles. This situation is in f avour o f Ind ia in As i an countries. Ministry had started Integrated Skill Development Program.

Infrastructure : Under Integrated Textile Park Scheme, developing organized clusters in 61 different places in India. In which 20 Park is already functioning successfully. Under “ Group Work Shed” scheme if 4 individual come together and set up 48 looms ( minimum requirement), we provide benets of Rs. 300 / Sq ft for development of small industry.

He had also told about Technical textile industry & its development in India and Internationally.

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1. INTRODUCTION

Young generation has tendency to imitate and follow anything which appears ‘hip’ or ‘in’. They are quick to relate and to follow what appears fashionable. Fashion is something that teens wish to t in which makes them struggle in their everyday life.

“Fashion, fashion and fashion”,

The entire world is running behind this key word. The one, who is not ‘in fashion’, might face low preference over fashionable. Fashion is understood by people as a well-liked style and practiced mostly in outts, footwear or accessories. It refers to the recent trend in regard of dress up or outt. Fashion can be a powerful thing as it reveals the creativity in people. Fashion being a trend setter and unpredictable, many big companies appoints designers, to setup trends that shall be followed in the next year in advance.

Teenagers go through all the fashion magazines and watch many fashion related television shows. They look up to each and every idol they see on television and in their favorite fashion magazines. Media and magazines inspire many teenage girls. Magazines have a huge impact on dressing sense and the way teens try to look. When a teenager sees their favorite celebrity or model wearing something they love they will try to wear that same type of style just to be like them. Media has this same affect on teens. Teens watch all types of crazy reality shows these days to live up to the celebrities they watch on television. Teens do not realize how much media and fashion magazines are affecting their style and lifestyles

.http://ezinearticles.com/?Fashion-and-Teenagers&id=141857.

2. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.

Aim: To study whether teenagers are affected by fashion.

Objectives

• To understand the behavior of adolescent girls living in Mumbai turning to celebrities for their fashion role models.

• To observe whether teenagers are inuenced by latest trend around them.

• To understand the peer pressure on teenagers for being fashion conscious.

• To analyze the purchasing power of teenagers.

3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3.1. The Impact of Celebrities on Adolescents’ Clothing Choices

Teenagers seek to dene themselves through their clothing, experiences, hairstyles, and, most of all, group associations. In all, this experimentation suggests that the adolescent attempts to discover himself/herself through external—rather than intrinsic—stimuli. Accordingly, images from popular culture often provide the external basis from which teenagers will benchmark their thoughts, opinions and associations. Celebrities have one thing in common, other than their successful careers they all have the ability to inuence individuals, especially teenagers, into buying a particular product. These celebrities are a few just who hold the power to structurally impact social groups, which places them among a group of highly inuential persons in society. Celebrities are more like salespersons. Though they may not explicitly try to persuade their audiences, they are subconsciously altering the thoughts of the public. This is noticeable through celebrity endorsements, press interviews, apparel worn during public events, items favored by celebrities, celebrity-branded products and celebrities’ overall brand image all of which create epidemics of societal acceptance among various social groups.

They can do so by assuming nature of the messenger and making sure audiences remember what was said by speaking with emphasis. In regards to Hollywood, “emphasis” would include the frequency a celebrity name is mentioned in headlines, repetitiveness of a celebrity image ashed on magazine covers, and the consistency of a celebrity’s brand image in stories. Often, fashion for teenagers is the result of the desire to be like a celebrity. Celebrities are perhaps the greatest inuences on teenagers in the modern world, and they can have a huge impact on a teen's ideas about fashion and its importance.

http://smu.edu/ecenter/discourse/teens.htm

3.2 .Teens' attitudes towards clothing brands

Clothing offers teens a means of self-expression or a way of coping with social situations argue that self-expression is especially important to the echo-boomers and found that clothing style, look and t were the three most important clothing selection criteria used by 13 to 19 year females also found that this age group was preoccupied with social acceptance, social afliation and "coolness" attached to make the "right" clothing choices. Teens that interact more with peers about consumer matters exhibit a more brand-oriented decision making style. Adolescents frequently communicate with their peers prior to making purchases in order to maintain group identity. http://www.articleclick.com/Article/Is-Fashion-Affecting-The-Teenagers-/1903854

TEENS AFFECTED BY FASHION

Dr. Ela Manoj DedhiaHead

Textiles & Fashion Technology, Nirmala Niketan College of Home Science

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3.3: Teens affected by media and fashion magazines

Teenage girls love fashion magazines. Fashion magazines have a huge impact on teens because they are a way teens nd the latest trends. Most fashion magazines know their largest target group is teenagers, particularly girls, so these magazines will put popular celebrities on the covers just so teens buy the magazine. Teens will see the cover and say “Oh look who it is! I love her! I HAVE to have that outt.” Many magazines advertise the companies where celebrities are buying their latest styles when teens see their favorite celebrities in the newest trends the teens will go out and buy what that newest trend to be just like their favorite. Without the magazines advertising, teens would create their own trends and wear what they thought was trendy rather than the celebrity styles. Not only do teens look up to celebrities in magazines, they look up to all the younger models they see in the media.

http://ezinearticles.com/?Fashion-and-Teenagers&id=141857

3.4. Peer Pressure On Teens.

Peer pressure has a large effect on teen’s everyday choices. Peer pressure can be broken down into two groups; good peer pressure and bad peer pressure.

Good peer pressure is being pushed into something that you don't have the courage to do but is relatively good for you. Teens under good peer pressure will be urged NOT to do something because it was not in their best interest. Bad peer pressure is being coerced into doing something because your friends said you should. People that aren't real friends may suggest something unhealthy, such as drugs. Peer pressure may inuence us in a number of ways, including our:

• Fashion choice

• Alcohol and other drug use

• Decision to have a boyfriend/girlfriend

• Choice of who our friends are

• Academic performance

3.5: Body image

Teenage girls are not only pressured by magazines to dress like celebrities, but the magazines and media have a big inuence on the ways girls physically look. When a very skinny beautiful girl is on the cover of a teen’s favorite magazine, they will do whatever it takes to look just like them. This is causing many eating disorders amongst teenage girls, which is changing their lifestyles. All the girls in the media and magazines are told or forced to be skinny which has an inuence to other girls making them want to be skinny like them as well.

http://www.ehow.com/facts_5150416_fashion-important-teens.html1

4. METHODOLOGY

The study conducted aimed at teenage girls of Mumbai, studying in College

The methodology was planned accordingly to meet the aim and the objectives. Sample Size: 330 respondents. Girls: Age Between 13 -19 years of age. Sampling Technique: purposive sampling method was used. Questionnaire: open and close ended were formulated.

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.

1. Inuence of current fashion on teenagers.

As seen in g.1 majority of respondent are inuenced by current fashion around them because they feel one must be fashion oriented in today’s world, they feel as if they are walking with the world and get to know more about the latest trends. While only few are not inuenced by currents trends as they wear clothes according to their own wish and they don’t like to duplicate the fashion around them.

2. Teenagers Having Clothes Which Their Favorite Celebrity Have.

As seen in g.2 majority of the respondents said that they have almost all the clothes which their favorite star, Celebrity have, as they always desire to look the same in terms of clothing by having and wearing the same clothes. By this they also try to show off to their friends and world around. Very few of the respondents don’t have clothes which their favorite celebrity have as they don’t like to copy them in terms of clothing, and they feel it’s an individual style one must not follow blindly.

3 .Teenagers who evaluate what is fashion before going shopping

As seen in g.3 majority of the teenagers evaluate what are upcoming trends colours, cuts by doing looking at different source, so they exactly know what to buy and what not to buy, they want to buy the best in the market. While few of the respondents don’t evaluate what fashion styles are in trends they just pick up whatever they like and whatever is available to them.

4 . Frequency of teenagers shopping at high-end designer quality


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As seen in g.4 large number of teenagers shop at high-end designer quality store, branded stores, as they are status symbols, and they don’t like to shop from other places as clothes from other places tends to become common soon among the general people. Few respondents said that they never shop from high-end stores as they can’t afford to buy branded clothes.

5. Fashion magazines affecting the selection of teenager’s clothes.

As seen in g.5.Large respondents feel that fashion magazines are affecting the selection of teenagers clothes as these teenagers buy clothes by looking at the latest fashion magazines and then decide on types and different varieties of styles available in which shop. It has the maximum effect as the clothes in the magazines are worn by celebrities. Very few of the respondents felt that fashion magazines did not affect the selection of their clothes, as they never buy fashion magazines and their selection does not depend on it.

6. Teenagers who are brand conscious.

As seen in g.6 large number of teenager are brand conscious, as they are the status symbols, and they don’t like to shop from other places as clothes from other places tend to become common soon among the general people. Few respondents said that they are not brand conscious as they can’t afford to buy branded clothes.

7. Frequency of shopping among teenagers.

As seen in g.7 moderate amount of respondents go for shopping once a week as they feel there is every new style

available each day and they must not miss this opportunity, these teenagers just want to have lots and lots of clothes as they do not want to repeat some of them. Few of the respondents shop monthly or so as they do not have time to shop frequently every week, and it is also alright with them to repeat their clothes.

8. Fashion world affecting teenager’s self-esteem

As seen in g.8 majority of respondents feel fashion world does affect teenagers self esteem because it’s necessary to follow latest fashion around them. When they do not follow it, it does not give them condence to face the world. Whereas a few of the respondents feel that fashion world does not affect one’s self esteem.

9. Teenagers feel uncomfortable/ shy when they are with fashionable people

.As seen in g.9 moderate teenager respondents feel uncomfortable when they are with fashionable people whereas the other moderate numbers of them do not feel shy because they feel they themselves wear clothes which are latest.10. Teenagers dress to stave off humiliation and mocking from peers.

As seen in g.10.Large amount of teenagers dress to stave off humiliation from peers. For them friend’s play a very important role and they do not want to lose them because of their inappropriate clothing patterns. While few of the teenagers dress well sometimes when there’s a need to dress such like in some event or friends birthday party. A very small amount of teenagers never dress to stave off humiliation from peers, because they dress according to


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their needs, for them peers don’t play an important role in making decisions.11. Media and fashion magazines affecting teenager’s lifestyle

As seen in g.11 large percentage of respondents feel that fashion magazines and media are affecting the teenagers lifestyle as these teenagers buy clothes by looking at the latest fashion magazines and then decide on types and different varieties of styles available in which shop. It has the maximum effect as the clothes in the magazines are worn by celebrities. Very few of the respondents feel that media and magazines does not affect teenagers lifestyle, as they never buy fashion magazines and their selection does not depend on it.

12 . Frequency of Teenagers to impress the opposite sex

As we can see in g.12 by and large majority of teenage girls impress their opposite sex by clothing, because they feel it is a strong tool to impress them and an easy way. Moderate numbers of respondents do impress through clothing but sometimes such as during dating, while going on hangouts, movies etc. and very few of teenage girls opined that they never impress the opposite sex by clothing because it’s not their values and ethics.

13. Teenagers who buy clothes which make them look sexy and bold.

As seen in g.13 majority of them don’t buy clothes which makes them look sexy and bold, because they believe in being comfortable and not in showing off their body parts. Whereas others buy clothes which make them look sexy and bold, because they want others to see them and observe them when they are around.

14. Teenagers faced problems if they wore skinny or exposing clothes.

As seen in g.14 majority of them have faced problems like eve teasing, whenever they have worn skinny or exposing clothes. Few of them have faced such problems sometimes. Few others have never faced such problems.

15. Good and high-end dressing raised teenager’s status and quality of life.

As we can see in g.15 equal responses have been arrived, moderate amount of teenagers feel yes it has rasied teenagers status and quality of life, these teenagers are very fashion conscious,they shop often and that too in branded shops only. Whereas others feel it has not made much of a difference in raising teenagers and their quality of life, only the positive aspect of fashion world has been imbibed by them.

16. Accessories and clothing over powering teenager’s expenditure.

As we can see in g.16 by and large respondents feel accessories and clothing is over powering teenager’s expenditure sometimes as they are spending beyond their required money. Moderate amount of respondents feel it exceeds very often as they shop a lot, but it doesn’t matter to them as their families are ok with spending that much amount. And a few respondents never felt that it is over powering their expenditure as they have never crossed that limit and do not buy branded clothes.


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17. Results of teenagers spend monthly on clothing and styling

As we can see from g.17 high number of respondents spend more than Rs 2000 on styling and clothing, as they feel one must walk along with upcoming fashion, and their parents do give them money to spend. While moderate of them spend between Rs 1000-2000 and many even spend less than Rs 1000 on styling and clothing as they feel it’s not a very important aspect.

18. Result of fashion trends spoiling the teens.

.As seen in g.18 majority of the respondents feel fashion trends and styles are affecting today’s generation as they imbibe the same culture. While few respondents are not fashion conscious all the time some say that it is affecting the teens because they don’t concentrate on other things such as studies. Few respondents love being with fashion and they feel it adds status symbol to them.

19. Meaning of fashion to teenagers.

s 50% of teenager’s believe fashion is termed as being fashionable. Looking best, modern, and bold, wearing trendy clothes, impressing others, exposing your-self to the world, imitating the celebrities. These teenagers are those who come

from a background and family which are not conservative and whose family income is high

50% of teenagers believe fashion is being comfortable. Carrying your-self in the best possible way. They are not so much inuenced by fashion but they like to be with the fashion around them. Some come from the background where although they are not allowed they do wear trendy clothes.

7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

• Teenagers are more prone to get affected by the glamour and the lavish lifestyle. They are quick to relate and follow what they think is fashionable. They nd their sources in magazines and media, through which it spreads like wild re. They don't mind spending time behind fashion instead of their books or anything else that adults want them to do.

• Teenagers think branded things make them look cool and classy and feel they are much like their favorite personalities. According to them being stylish also protects them from being bullied around. They hide their actual image behind these outts. • The main impact on the teens is the fashion magazines. Teen girls just watch the models and desire to look like them and they will do whatever necessary to look as the models, from dieting to exposing they try out all, but at uncertainty they lose their daily impact and creative thinking.

8. REFERENCE

Webliography• http://ezinearticles.com/?Fashion-and -Teenagers&id=141857

• http://www.ehow.com/facts_5150416_fashion- important-

teens.html1

• http://fashion.ezinemark.com/is-fashion-affecting- the-teenagers-7d3150283c85.html

http://mediaaffectteenslifestyleandfashion.blogspot.in /2011/06/conclusion.html

• http://smu.edu/ecenter/discourse/teens.htm• http://www.articleclick.com/Article/Is-Fashion-Affecting-The- Teenagers-/1903854

Books, Newspapers -Articles

• Hindustan Times Magazine 2010,12 Dec• Magazine-Teens X

• Adolescence development by Santrock


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3. CONCLUSIONS

After billions of years of evolution, nature developed inventions has led to the introduction of highly effective and power efcient biological mechanisms. Humans have always made efforts to imitate and have increasingly reached levels of advancement where it becomes signicantly easier to mimic biological methods, processes, and systems. Advances in science and technology are leading to knowledge and capabilities that are multiplying every year. These improvements lead to capabilities that help understand better and implement nature’s principles in more complex ways. Effectively, we have now signicant appreciation of nature’s capabilities allowing us to employ, extract, copy, and adapt its inventions. Benets from the study of biomimetics can be seen in many applications, including stronger ber, multifunctional materials, improved drugs, superior robots, and many others.

The rapid growth of research motivation in bio inspired engineering and biomimetics has stimulated huge interest of scientists and researchers to apply it for technological innovations. There has been a spirited past of the engineers, architect and scientist, mimicking nature based design to develop

splendor and memorable discoveries in the history of mankind.

4 REFERENCES

1. Bar-Cohen Y. In: Biomimetics: biologically inspired technologies. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2006. p. 2–40.

2. Bar-Cohen Y. Biomimetics – using nature to inspire human innovation.Bioinspir Biomim 2006;1:1–12.

3. Ahmed D. Hybridization of smart textiles in medical in medical and healthcare management. AUTEX 2009 world textile conference, _Izmir, Turkey 26–28 May , 2009.

4. Bhushan B, Jung YC, Koch K. Micro-, nano- and hierarchical structures for superhydrophobicity, self- cleaning and low adhesion. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2009;367(1894):1631–72.

5. Bae GY, Jang J, Jeong YG, Lyoo WS, Min BG. Super hydrophobic PLA fabrics prepared by UV photo- grafting of hydrophobic silica particles possessing vinyl

groups. J Colloid Inter Sci. 2010; 344(2):584–7.

The Textile Association (India), Mumbai Unit successfully organized INDIATEX 2013 Exhibition at Vapi (Gujarat) from 18th to 20th October 2013. This exhibition was organized in a very professional manner with around 90 distinguished exhibitors from all over the country exhibited at the event. This exhibition was supported by Textile Commissioner, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India and iNDEXTb, Govt. of Gujarat was the State Partner of this exhibition. The exhibition covered the entire spectrum of the textile industry from Fibre to Fashion. Mumbai Unit gave the excellent opportunity to the technologists and technology service providers to come under one roof to provide good platform for mutual advantage and commercial interaction.

The inaugural function of the exhibition was organized in the VIA Auditorium. The Chief Guest of this function was Dr. Chandan Chatterjee, Director, CED & Head (Project & technology) iNDEXTb, Govt. of Gujarat who inaugurated the exhibition at VIA ground. The Guest of Honour were Mr. Rajnikant Backhakaniwala, Director, Palod Himson Machines Pvt. Ltd. and Mr. Diven G. Dembla, President, ITAMMA & Managing Director, Precision Rubber Industries Pvt. Ltd.

Mr. C. Bose, President of TAI, Mumbai Unit welcomed the gathering and said that Mumbai Unit was happy to organize this at Vapi which is the nancial & industrial districts of the state of Gujarat.

Mr. G. V. Aras, Exhibition Chairman expressed his views about the industrial belt starting from Tarapur, Umargam right up to Surat, which is buzzing with manufacturing activities in different verticals textile value chain. He said for these reasons

the organizing committee took the decision to hold this exhibition at Vapi.

Mr. Haresh Parekh, Convenor of this Exhibition said that IndiaTex 2013 is an exhibition for suppliers, buyers, distributors and manufacturers of fabric and textile producers. He said that organizing exhibition was a big challenge as the Mumbai Unit doing it for the rst time. He thanked all the exhibitors and supporters for their kind support.

Mr. Rajnikant Backhaniwala congratulated Mumbai Unit for organizing this exhibition in the fastly growing industrial belt in the state of Gujarat. He also cautioned the organizers in respect of organizing exhibition as it is a very difcult task and needs lot of manpower and efforts.

Mr. Diven Dembla thanked Mumbai Unit for giving ITAMMA to be part of this exhibition. He explained the important role played by ITAMMA in the development of the textile industry at various levels from accessories to machineries.

Dr. Chandan Chatterjee, remembering his college days since when he was associated with the Textile Association. He assured all the participants and the exhibitors for all kind of assistance from the Govt. of Gujarat in setting up their business in the state. He suggested that healthy competitions amongst the industries will change the scenario for the development of the country.

Mr. A. V. Mantri, Hon. Secretary proposed the Vote of Thanks.The 3 day exhibition was visited by technocrats, entrepreneurs and owners from various parts of the country. The visitors and exhibitors appreciated Mumbai Unit for providing good opportunity for business networking.

INDIATEX 2013 EXHIBITIONPO

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The 5th International textile expo “Fibertofashion 2013” trade show organised by SGCCI ( Southern Gujarat Chamber of Commerce & Industry)& Kavish Events on 7th to 9th of December, 2013 at chamber’s own exhibition centre at Surat International Exhibition & Convention Centre, Sarsana, Surat. Main event sponsors are Reliance, Birla Cellulose, Sumilion industries. Association supported are PDEXCIL, NSIC, FOSTA, SRTEPC, ITTA, FIASWI many more. Ministry of Textiles is also major backbone of show. Exhibition offered lunch to all visitors and exhibitors.

Event has two days conference with eminent speakers on the dias shared their views on textile industry in India & global market; polyester industry market & growth; Surat market opportunities & threat etc.

Appx 4000 visitors visited exhibition in 3 days. Visitors are from buying agency across india, weavers, manufacturer & exporter of ber, yarn, fabrics, garments; fashion designer; engineer college students, fashion institute students; media;

association ; government ofcials; industry professional, budding entrepreneur; many more.

Two giant ber manufacturers like Reliance & Birla displayed their new products in Polyester &Viscose Rayon respectively. Both have beautiful fabric designs, but both fabric feel is different. Feel & fall of both makes apart both ber.

Birla’s Viscose feel is more richer, sustainable, smooth, organic, moisture absorbent, good fall, pleasing colours, many more. As viscose is regenerated cellulosic bre, combination of natural & synthetic ber. Visitors are While, Reliance polyester have coarser feel than viscose and cotton. Have good fall, more transparent. Visitors are curious, happy to look, feel both bre together.

Much other company like Sumeet industries, J. Korin, Muniveer Spinning , many others displayed PET CHIPS, Polyester yarns, polypropylene yarns .

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The 4th edition of Techtextil India – the International Trade Fair for Technical Textiles and Nonwovens – closed its 3-day run at Hall 6 of the Bombay Exhibition Centre (BEC) on 5th October 2013, with 5,575 professional visitors in attendance. The exhibition, registering a 40 per cent increase in the number of exhibiting companies of 182 (2011: 130) from 16 countries, showcased the latest products and innovations. “Feedback from the industry, both exhibitors and visitors, was extremely encouraging. Techtextil India 2013 was an event packed with superlatives. With this year’s figures, the show has definitely established a firm position among the technical textile trade fairs in India,” commented Raj Manek, Managing Director, Messe Frankfurt Trade Fairs India Pvt Ltd.

The event accommodated five country pavilions with leading companies from Belgium, China, France, Italy and Germany, focusing on new materials systems, integrated production technologies and innovations for 10 product groups and 12 application areas. More internationality and a larger product range added professional expertise and variety; Techtextil India 2013 featured the participation of visitors from 36 different countries. "I'm really impressed by the size and the quality of Techtextil India as an international trade fair for technical textiles and nonwovens in India. All leading enterprises of the industry are represented here," said Sushil Kapoor, President and CEO (TTB), SRF Ltd, India, Platinum Partners of Techtextil India 2013.

Techtextil India 2013 was a gateway to the Indian technical textile industry for the exhibitors. Feedback from the exhibitors resonated satisfaction and a fantastic customer response.

Tamer Pala, Vice Chairman, Istanbul Textile and Raw Materials Exporters’ Association (iTKiB), Turkey said: “There are technical textile products manufactured exclusively by Turkish companies that are in high demand in India, like fabrics and yarns with camouflage properties and other para-military textiles. We met several buyers interested in these products and are glad we decided to participate in Techtextil India 2013. We hope to come back with a bigger space at the next edition.”

TECHTEXTIL INDIA SYMPOSIUM 2013: THE RIGHT MIX OF EXPERTISE AND INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE

Knowledge sharing is an essential strategy used by Messe Frankfurt to promote the development of industry verticals. A representation of which, the Techtextil India Symposium 2013 was the right mix of expertise and experience. Focused on opportunities for India in the context of the key products, technologies and application areas including Medtech, Protech, Composites and Filtration, the Symposium hosted 30 speakers and 171 delegates. It also facilitated development of new and different ideologies in terms of market potential for various products across the entire spectrum of technical textile applications, from a local as well as international perspective.

Speaking about the growing applications of technical textiles, especially composites, in India was Dr A Selvam, Executive Secretary, FRP Institute, India. He stated: “Technical textiles have huge applications in wind farms, and the Indian government has restored generation-based incentives for wind-energy, which is why the market will see an upward trend in the near future. A platform like the Techtextil India Symposium 2013 helps gather professionals to highlight innovations and developments for all-round sector development.”

“The Techtextil India Symposium makes it possible to get a glimpse of new industry developments and innovations from all over the world. I was surprised to learn about the vast technical textile market in Russia. As a manufacturer of polymers and acrylic resins, I especially enjoyed the sessions on Medtech and Protech. The Symposium was very well organised,” claimed Vijay S Patel, Executive – Technical Services, Indofil Industries Ltd, India.

Also in attendance at the Symposium and highly impressed with the exhibition and Symposium was Yash Jaipuria, Executive Officer, Ginni Filaments Ltd, India. He commented: “India’s hygiene textile market is growing in leaps and bounds, and has very interesting prospects in store. We definitely need a platform like this Symposium to ensure that India’s technical textile and nonwoven industry can compete at global levels.”

With its 10 product groups and 12 application areas, Techtextil India 2013 once again proved to be the right platform to source the latest products, innovations and meet exactly the right contacts. The next edition of the exhibition will be held from 24 – 26 September 2015.

TECHTEXTIL INDIA’S GROWTH STREAK

CONTINUES FOR FOURTH CONSECUTIVE EDITION


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TEXTILE INDUSTRY AT IRAN

Textile exports from Iran reached US$ 221.1 million during the rst four months of the current Iranian calendar year that started on March 21, 2013. Where, bre, fabric, garments, machine-made oorings and threads topped the export list during the period.

Around 15,581 tons of cotton bres worth US$ 38 million and 106.7 tons of garments worth US$ 937,000 were imported during the period. In addition, the sector imported around US$ 37.2 million worth of textile machineries during the period.

‘IRANTEX 2013

‘IRANTEX 2013’ exhibition was held at Tehran International Permanent Fairground, Tehran, Iran during 28-31 October, 2013. The categories of Exhibitors were 62% from User Industry in the business of manufacturing and dealing of bre, yarn, fabric & their nishing, etc.; while 38% from Supply Industry in the business of manufacturers /dealers/agents, etc. of Machines & Spare Parts of Spinning, Weaving, Wet Processing and Garment Industry.

ITAMMA’S PARTICIPATION

1. In Catalogue display 18 members participated.

2. ITAMMA’s 35 Indian Exhibitors were present .

Honourable Ambassador of India in Iran Shri D.P. Srivastava invited the Indian Exhibitors & Visitors on 28th October, 2013 at

ITAMMA’S SUCCESSFUL PARTICIPATION AT IRANTEX’2013

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his embassy in Tehran for a Hi-Tea & get-together.

This meeting was attended by the various Indian Exhibitors, while the team of ITAMMA exhibi tor m e m b e r s w a s l e a d b y t h e President, Mr Diven Dembla. During this meeting valuable discussions were had on the challenges faced by the Indian exporters while promoting their textile machines and components to Iran.

Shri Bharat Babu, Counsellor shared his views regarding the economic and political scenario in Iran, giving us insights into the opportunities available for the Indian exporters to the Iran market. also got clarications regarding several issues related to banking,

t r a d e a n d commerce, w h i c h w i l l h e l p o u r m e m b e r s enhance their expor t s to Iran.

This is an All India seminarorganized by the Institution of Engineers (India) South Gujarat Local Centre under the aegis of Textile Engineering Division , IEI in association with Man Made Textiles Research Association (MANTRA) at The Institution of E n g i n e e r s , S o u t h G u j a r a t L o c a l C e n t r e M a h i d a Bhavan,Ichchhanath, Surat on 26th & 27th November 2013.

The delegates were drawn from diverse back grounds such as businessmen from local textile industry and technical t e x t i l e m a n u f a c t u r e r s , m e m b e r s o f M a n t r a Society,Representatiaves from government, members of TRAs, Academics, and consultants. This is part of continuing endeavour by the IEI to promote new technology and innovative ideas in all the eld of engineering and technology in the country.

The key objective of this seminar is to bring together all the different stakeholders engaged in the growth and development of nonwoven based technical textiles and to brainstorm on the key challenges ahead for this sector with a view to nding

solutions for those challenges

The seminar has been organized in two sessions taking one full day for the speakers to deliberate on different issues of prime importance to be tackled by the industry and nding answers to those issues. All the speakers are eminent in their respective elds of expertise to make the seminar meaningful and solution focussed.

This has been followed by facility tour of MANTRA,COE on the next day to give the delegates how MANTRA can help TT to grow to its true potential

Mr. Mohan Kavrie, MD Supreme Nonwoven highlighted key issues need to be tackled R&D,Manpower,Testing facility, and market research.

Mr. Rajnibhai Bachkaniwala Vice president MANTRA highlighted the importance of the Asia region in Geotech, Indutech and Buidtech are the key growth drivers among all the TT sectors.

There are 2 days seminar where various speakers given lecture on development, growth, opportunity, threat of Technical textiles industry.

All the delegates and speakers of the seminar have been taken to MANTRA COE to have a rst-hand view of the Non-woven pilot plants, Nonwoven treatment pilot plants, Technical textile testing facilities. Visitors appreciated the full range of facilities available at MANTRA to recognize it as a one stop solution for Technical Textile industry.

ALL INDIA SEMINAR ON NONWOVEN TECHNOLOGY BY MANTRA


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SGS Innovations or Bandhu Yarns synonymous words for Company and its Brand. Owner & Founders, Mr. Kamal Ningoo & Mrs. Kajal Ningoo have a great vision to grow business. Striving for core, visionaries of SGS Innovations have more than 33 years of experience in textile industry. It takes great pride to introduce as the leaders in the manufacturers of embroidery thread. Being a Creative entrepreneur, they invent products and methods to create new values for embellishing fabric. This creativity has made them a pioneer in our textile industry.

“To Raise Fashion Industry to a New Horizon by providing Quality and Innovative products.” Said by Mrs. Kajal Ningoo. There is a saying that goes, “ A cup that is full is useless, Only when a cup is empty it is useful.” This is true for them. This has made them proactive learner. They have constantly go on improving their knowledge and then apply it to their business. This has been one of our most important habits for success. We believe there is no graduation day for us.

Few things shared by them “ For us quality is of utmost importance. We never compromise for it. We set our own standards to ascertain our quality and constantly go on improving it. Our manufacturing unit is located at Vadodara; our products are easily available at Surat and any other part of India . We are very well known by our brand name, ”Bandhu”, which means “friend”. We make products in Viscose, Polyester, Cotton etc. in different deniers like 120,150,225 etc. Our new product in cotton was launched about 6 months ago. This Product has changed the overall embroidery industry scenario. From time to time we introduce new products and color ranges. So Friends something new is coming your way very soon……. Behold your breath for it!!!!!”

Kindly contact for more further details :

SGS Innovations.

Web Site:-www.sgsinnovations.com

E-mail:- [email protected]

SGS INNOVATIONS

Diagonal Consulting (India), a Management Consulting firm specializing in the field of Fibres, Textiles & Nonwovens is proposing to organize TechTex Asia 2014, the first ever 365 Days Online Trade Fair for the Nonwovens & Technical Textiles Industry, starting from January 2014.

Online trade fairs can be best explained as a multidimensional platform, where a company can exhibit its products and services to the international audience, get a global exposure and discerning buyers from all across the globe. Grasping every essence of a traditional fair, these Online Trade Fairs are gaining momentum and are becoming major elements in branding and marketing for companies in non traditional domain. The visitors to an online event get a real time experience of visiting a ground event; they can view presentations & brochures, visit the exhibit booths, communicate with the companies, exchange cards and enhance their business opportunities.

The key highlight of TechTex Asia 2014 is its promotion across major “User Industry” & “Events” in the field of Agriculture, Automotive, Industrial, Medical & Hygiene, Building & Construction, Packaging, Protective Clothing’s, Sports, Textile Composites, Nonwovens & Industrial Fabrics. Moreover the

Unique “Select Geographic Lead Generation Model” enables exhibitors to focus on select countries for lead generation. The event is to be promoted across 20,000 companies from the user industry & institutions in Asia. Brands can have distinct visibility directly to its user industry in Asia.

To k n o w m o r e a b o u t t h e e v e n t , k i n d l y v i s i t http://diagonal.in/techtexasia/TechTex_Asia.pdf

Contrasting 'on ground' events where exhibitors are given a day or two to market their products, Online trade fairs give them the opportunity to showcase their products and services throughout the year leading to a better & focused business opportunity.

We seek your kind interest in “TechTex Asia 2014” and request you to kindly lock your participation for a promising opportunity to be amongst your user industry in Asia.

Nirav Shah, [email protected],

Partner - Diagonal Consulting (India)

(M) +91 9909904179

“TechTex Asia 2014” The First Ever Online Trade Fair for Nonwovens &

Technical Textiles to be Organized by DCI


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COUNT REED PICK WIDTH IN INCHS LOOM

40 x40 132 x 73 63 POWERLOOM

40 x40 92 x 88 63 –

40 x40 92 x 88 63 AUTOLOOM

60 x 60 92 x 88 63 POWERLOOM

60 x 60 92 x 88 47 POWERLOOM

60 x 60 92 x 88 63 MILL MADE

80 x 80 92 x 88 63 POWERLOOM

80 x 80 92 x 88 63 AUTOLOOM

60 x60 132x108 1/1 63 AIRJET

20 x 10 108x54 63 RUTIC

20 x 300 108x54 63 –

20 x 300 124 x 56 58 RUTIC

20 x 16 108 x 56 63 RUTIC

20 x 20 56 x 56 63 RUTIC

30 x 150 124 x 64 63 RUTIC

45 PC X 45PC 102 X 76 60 CIMCO

COUNT REED PICK WIDTH IN INCHS WEAVE

ne 20/16Ly 108x56 67 3/1 Drill

ne 20/16Ly 108x56 67 Broken Drill

ne 20/16Ly 108x56 67 2/1 twill

Ne 30/10 144 x 64 63 31 drill

Ne 30/16+16 ly 144 x 56 69 4/1 satin

Ne 30/16+16 ly 144 x 56 69 Broken drill

Ne 30/20+20ly 144 x 68 69 4/1 satin

Ne 40/30 +30Ly 144 x 68 69 4/1 satin

Ne 40/20 165 x 74 63 4/1 satin

Ne 40/30 185 x 85 63 4/1 satin

Ne 40/30 185 x 90 63 4/1 satin

Ne 40/40 +150D 112 x 66 63 1/1 plain

Ne 40/40 124 x70 63 1/1 plain

Ne 40/40 124x96 63 1/1 plain

Ne 40/40 132x 72 63 1/1 plain

Ne 50/50 165 x 104 63 2/1 twill

Ne 60/60 +80D 132 x 96 63 1/1 plain

Ne 60/60 +80D 165 x 104 63 4/1 satin

Ne 60/60 +80D 165x120 63 4/1 satin

Ne 60/60 175x116 63 4/1 satin

Ne 60/60 180x115 63 4/1 satin

Ne 60/60 196x108 63 4/1 satin

Ne 60/60 196x110 63 2/1 twill

Ne 80/80 165 x 114 63 4/1 satin

COUINT REED PICK WIDTH

2/10 x 2/10 44 x 32 60

2/7 X 2/7 42X26 60

3/10 X 3/10 42X26 60

3/8 X 3/8 36 X 26 60

3/7 X 3/7 36 X 26 60

* Kindly please note all prices are indicative.


* Kindly please note all prices are Open

CANVAS

Construction Inch Weave Rate

40*40/132*72 63" 1/1 plain 70.00

40*40/124*70

63" 1/1 plain 67.00

40*40/124*96

63" 1/1 plain 81.00

40*30/185*90

63" 4/1 satin 103.00

60*60/165*104

63" 4/1 satin 91.00

40/30+30ly 173*76

69" 4/1 satin 111.00

Mr. Kirti ShahTEXTILE WORLD

Write for more queries :[email protected]

Report Given By :


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for Rates & other variety of fabric Quality, login to, in www.textilevaluechain.comReport Section

COUNT REED PICK BLEND PROCESS WEAVE

40 X 30 178 X 78 97% Cotton 3% Lycra Dyed Lycra Satin

40 X 30 178 X 78 97% Cotton 3% Lycra Rfd Lycra Satin

2/50 x 150 142 x 88 70% Cotton 30% Polyester rfd peach 2/1 twill

2/40 x 300 134 x 56 70% Cotton 30% Polyester Rfd 2/1 twill

30 x 10 152 x 68 100 % cotton Rfd 3/1 Drill

30 x 30 132 x 68 100 % cotton Bld 2/1 twill

30 x 30 124 x 64 100 % cotton Dyed 2/1 twill

16 x 12 116 x 56 100 % cotton Dyed 3/1 twill

16 x 12 116 x 56 100 % cotton Dyed peach 3/1 twill

20 x 20 116 x 56 100 % cotton dyed 3/1 twill

2/40 x 300 134 x 56 70% Cotton 30% Polyester bld peach 2/1 twill

30 x10 152 x 68 100 % cotton Bld 3/1 Drill

20 x 10 122 x 56 100 % cotton Bld 2/1 twill


* Kindly please note all prices are open.

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Sr.No.

QUALITY GSM WEAVE

COUNT REED PICK WIDTHIN

INCHS

1 10X06 76X28 63 515 DUCK

2 16X08 84X28 47 270 DUCK

3 16X08 84X28 63 365 DUCK

4 16X12 84X26 47 235 DUCK

5 16X12 84X26 63 315 DUCK

6 16X12 96X48 63 415 DRILL

7 16X12 108X56 63 470 DRILL

8 16X16 60X56 63 300 PLAIN

9 2/20X10 40X36 48 240 PLAIN

10 2/20X10 40X36 63 315 PLAIN

11 20X20 60X60 63 245 PLAIN

12 20X20 60X60 67 255 PLAIN

13 20X20 60X60 72 275 PLAIN

14 20X20 60X60 78 300 PLAIN

15 20X16 108X56 63 360 DRILL

16 20X20 108X56 63 335 DRILL

17 30X30 68X64 63 177 PLAIN

18 30X30 124X64 63 260 TWILL

19 10 x 6 76 x 28 63” 320 Duck

20 10 x 6 76 x 28 67” 320 Duck

21 10 x 10 76 x 28 63” 270 Duck

22 16 x 8 84 x 28 47” 225 Duck

23 16 x 8 84 x 28 50” 225 Duck

24 16 x 8 84 x 28 63” 225 Duck

25 16 x 8 84 x 28 67” 225 Duck

26 16 x 8 84 x 28 72” 225 Duck

27 16 x 8 84 x 28 84” 225 Duck

28 16 x 8 76 x 27 63” 210 Duck

29 16 x 8 76 x 27 67” 210 Duck

30 16 x 8 76 x 27 72” 210 Duck

31 16 x 10 84 x 28 63” 210 Duck

32 16 x 10 84 x 28 72" 210 Duck

33 16 x 12 84 x 26 47” 192 Duck

34 16 x 12 84 x 26 63” 192 Duck

35 16 x 12 84 x 26 67” 192 Duck

36 16 x 12 84 x 26 72” 192 Duck

37 20 x 10 76 x 28 63” 170 Duck

38 10 x 10 38 x 34 63” 185 Plain

39 10 x 10 38 x 34 67” 185 Plain 50

40 10 x 10 40 x 36 50” 197 Plain 40

41 10 x 10 40 x 30 80” 180 Plain 56

42 2/20 x 10 38 x 34 50” 185 Plain 44

43 2/20 x 10 38 x 34 67” 185 Plain 57

44 2/20 x 10 38 x 34 72” 185 Plain 62

45 2/20 x 10 38 x 34 76” 185 Plain 65

46 2/20 x 10 38 x 34 80” 185 Plain 69

47 2/20 x 10 38 x 36 82” 190 Plain 72

48 2/20 x 10 40 x 36 63” 197 Plain 56

49 2/20 x 10 40 x 36 72” 197 Plain 65

50 2/20 x 10 40 x 36 84” 197 Plain 76

51 2/20 x 2/20 40 x 36 63” 197 Plain 64

52 2/20 x 2/20 40 x 36 72” 197 Plain 73

53 2/20 x 2/20 40 x 36 80” 197 Plain 81

54 20 x 20 60 x 56 48” 150 Plain 41

55 20 x 20 60 x 56 49” 150 Plain 42

56 20 x 20 60 x 56 72” 150 Plain 57

57 20 x 20 60 x 56 80” 150 Plain 63

58 16 x 16 56 x 56 63” 180 Plain 56

59 30 x 30 68 x 68 72” 117 Plain 59

60 40RSK x 40RSK 52 x 36 57” 57 Plain 29

61 40RSK x 60RSK 68 x 68 81” 73 Plain 65

62 40RSK x 60RSK 68 x 68 82” 73 Plain 65

63 40RSK x 60RSK 68 x 68 84” 73 Plain 67

64 40RSK x 40RSK 68 x 44 63” 73 Plain 38

65 40RSK x 40RSK 64 x 44 67” 70 Plain 40

66 60CMP x 60CMP 92 x 86 63” 78 Plain 61

67 10 x 10 68 x 38 50” 275 Drill 54

68 10 x 10 68 x 38 63” 275 Drill 67

69 10 x 10 68 x 38 72” 275 Drill 77

70 16 x 12 108 x 56 63” 295 Drill 81

71 16 x 12 96 x 48 63” 258 Drill 72

72 16 x 12 96 x 48 67” 258 Drill 77

73 16 x 12 96 x 48 72” 258 Drill 83

74 20 x 20 108 x 56 63” 212 Drill 67

75 20 x 20 108 x 56 67” 212 Drill 71

76 20 x 20 108 x 56 80” 212 Drill 85

77 40CRS x 40CRS 124 x 64 63” 122 Twill 70

78 10 x 10 40 x 36 63” 197 Waffle 50

79 20 x 20 108 x 52 63” 207 HB 67

for Rates & other variety of fabric Quality, login to, www.textilevaluechain.com in Report Section

Domestic Market for Textiles

The market for textile and clothing’s during 2011 and 2012 is 29881 million metres and 31636 million metres and $ 54.43 billion and $ 63.51 billion in value terms respectively.

During 2011 , the share of man-made and blended/mixed textiles is 56.93 (17012 million metres), cotton textiles is 42.13 percent (12589 million metres), Pure silk textiles is 0.67% (200 million metres) and Woollen textiles is 0.27 % (80 million metres).

During 2012 , the share of man-made and blended/mixed textiles is 57.00 (18034 million metres), cotton textiles is 42.01 percent (13289 million metres), Pure silk textiles is 0.70% (221 million metres) and Woollen textiles is 0.29 % (92 million metres).

The sector wise analysis revealed that Mill made and Powerloom sector together has accounted 84.17 percent (25150 million metres) during 2011 and 83.38 percent (26687 million metres ) during 2012. The knitted/ hosiery sector has a share of 11.83 percent (3536 million metres) for 2011 and 11.92 percent (3772 million metres) for 2012. The handloom sector is reported to have a share of 4.00 percent (1195 million metres) in 2011 and 3.70 percent (1177 million metres) in 2012.

Per capita consumption

The per capita consumption of textiles during 2011 is 24.70 metres as compared to 25.93 metres during 2012. The rate of growth is 4.98 percent. At the same time, an Indian spent Rs.2473.64 on the purchase of textiles and clothing during 2011 and Rs.2862.87 during 2012, which is higher by Rs.389.23 compared to previous year.

Domestic Market at Disaggregate Level: The domestic market & household sector is broadly segregated into personal clothing & home textiles.

Personal clothing items:

The aggregate market for personal clothing is 93.03 percent (27795 million metres and 29432 million metres during 2011 and 2012) of the total purchase.The main contributors to the personal clothing market are

(a) Western Wear

(b) Ethnic Wear

© Intimate Wear

(a) Western Wear: The market size of western wear like Shirt, Bush-shirt, Trousers, Half Pant, Jeans, T-Shirts.

During 2011 is 1858 million pieces and 1962 million pieces during 2012. The major contributor to the demand is shirts and bush-shirts with a market size of 514 million pieces in 2011 and 546 million pieces in 2012 followed by trousers with 397 million pieces in 2011 and 421 million pieces in 2012.

(b) Ethnic Wear: The total market size of ethnic wear during 2011 is 3066 million pieces and 3239 million pieces in 2012.

The major contributors to the demand pattern of the ethnic wear are saree, dhoti, lungi, kameez etc. The demand for saree during 2011 and 2012 is 1918 million pieces and 2029 million pieces respectively, followed by Salwar-kameez with 406 million pieces and 433 million pieces in 2011 and 2012 respectively. The lungi has a share of 245 million pieces during 2011 and 263 million pieces in 2012.

(b) Intimate Wear: The aggregate market for the intimate wear during 2011 is 2289 million pieces and 2406 million pieces. In this segment, the demand for vest is highest with 874 million pieces and 919 million pieces during 2011 and 2012.This is followed by brief with 610 million pieces and 648 million pieces in 2011 and 2012 respectively. The petticoat accounts for 500

NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY: MARKET FOR TEXTILES & CLOTHING 2013


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million pieces in 2011 and 528 million pieces in 2012.The panties has a share of 187 million pieces and 193 million pieces in 2012 respectively. The brassieres has a share of 118 million pieces for 2011 and 2012.

Home Textiles: The aggregate market for home textiles is 1979 million metres in 2011 and 2086 million metres , with market share of 6.98 percent during 2011, 6.97 percent in 2012. The demand pattern is driven by products like towel with 769 million metres in 2011 and 812 million metres in 2012. This is followed by bedsheet 466 million metres in 2011 and 490 million metres in 2012.For chaddar it is 358 million meters in 2011 and 373 million metres in 2012. The furnishing material has a share of 172 million meters in 2011 and 186 million metres in 2012.

18034

Fibre Area

Urban

Rural All India

2011

2012

2011

2012 2011 2012Cotton

5174

5460

7415

7829 12589 13289Pure Silk

158

171

42

50 200 221Woollen

38

42

42

50 80 92MM Fibres &Blended/Mixed

5973 6190 11039 11844 17012

All Textiles 11343 11863 18538 19773 29881 31636

Table No. 1

Area & Fibrewise purchase of textiles during 2011 and 2012(Million Metres)

Table No.2

The Market Size of Important Varieties , Garment in million pieces

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In Ahmadabad, manufacturer is not making good quality fabric, eg. 40x40x164 quality making in 112 x 64 , many other. This is selling in grey in market, fabric tear off after few months. Current trend is of ner count in weft, manufacturer trying coarser yarn with linen look,

• In ladies ethnic wear ( Punjabi Suits), in middle range Rs. 500, Ahmadabad is ahead, but more than Rs. 500 range Mumbai ahead, with latest fashion. Good margin in same.

• Cotton linen, Grey price is Rs. 120, after different nishes it sells in Rs. 180-200. This fabric consume in small quantity like 500 to 1000 meter. Garment of this fabric sell in retail in about Rs. 1200 to 2400, Excellent Margin.

• Many old spinning, composite mills closed and new are coming in Amravati, Baramati and Ichalkaranji due to development of textile park. Sometimes due to wrong intension of starting business shut down after 3 to 4 years.

• In surat, One Marwari manufacturer, having upgraded machinery, but still doing outside job working due to ineffective marketing, not giving proper commission to Agents, so many commissioning agent stopped working there.

• Mumbai’s wholesale market is slowing moving down due to no young generation involvement in business, now all are 50+ age person handling business in market. Where as in Gujarat, due to less education, young generation sets in market, less income lead life in good way. Rent of ofce space is only 25% as compare to Mumbai rent space. Travelling time also less in one city in Gujrat then Mumbai,

• Textile ministry is developing good scheme, but due to heavy competition in textile industry, industry need more marketing expert to sell in domestic & international market.

• In Tarapur & Gujarat, many process house closed, reasons are Pollution control, mis management, wrong decisions, many more. Banks feeling insecure & in loss due to heavy debt from this region

Slow momentum in textile fabric market, hoping good future head. Who are not doing any new development in design fabric, they are lagging behind & closing their units. Those who are making Good quality fabric & process house, all are started for next winter season. Recently 40/50/60/80, Plain, tusser, twill, dobby weave in progress.

MARKET REPORT


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TRADESHOW DETAILS

Date: 17th & 18th January, 2014

Venue: Bombay Exhibition center, Mumbai

Organizer name : Images Multimedia Pvt. Ltd.

Contact details: www.indiainfashion.com

Exhibitor’s profile: Manufacture of Fabric Brands

INFASHION 2014

Date: 20th to 22nd Jan, 2014Venue : Pragati Maidan, DelhiOrganizer name : AEPC Contact details: www.textrendsindiafair.com Exhibitor’s profile: Manufacture of Apparel brands

TEXTREND INDIA 2014

Date: 22nd to 24th Jan 2014Venue: Indian corporation Premises, BhiwandiOrganizer name : ITMACH INDIAContact details: www.itmach.comExhibitor’s profile: Manufacture of Textile Machinery

ITMACH 2014

Date: 20th to 22nd March, 2014Venue: I Bombay Exhibition center, MumbaiOrganizer name : FICCIContact details: www.technotexindia.in Exhibitor’s profile: Manufacture of Technical textiles

TECHNOTEX 2014

Date: 30th Jan to 1st Feb, 2014Venue: VJTI college Campus, Matunga, MumbaiOrganizer name : VJTI College of Engineering Contact details: [email protected]’s profile: Manufacture of across value chain, paper presentation, fashion show

VASTRA 14

Date: 21st to 23rd March, 2014Venue: Huda Ground, PanipatOrganizer name : Essential Events Contact details: [email protected]’s profile: Manufacture of Machinery, home textile

HOMETEX TECH

Date: 10th to 12th April, 2014Venue: World Trade Center, MumbaiOrganizer name : Tecoya EventsContact details: www.fibersnyarns.comExhibitor’s profile: Manufacture of fibres , yarns

FIBRES & YARNS 2014

Date: 30th May to 1st June, 2014Venue: Trade Centre, KTPO, Whitefield, Bangalore, IndiaOrganizer name : S.S. MEDIAContact details: www.fnashow.in, www.homtex.in Exhibitor’s profile: Manufacture of Fabrics, accessories, Home textiles

F & A SHOW – HOMETEX SHOW

Date: 9th to 11th Sep, 2014Venue: India Knit Fair Complex, TirupurOrganizer name : S.S. MEDIAContact details: www.yarnex.in , www.texindiafair.com Exhibitor’s profile: Manufacture of Fabrics, accessories, Home textiles

YARNEX 2014 – TEXINDIA 2014

TEXTILE INVESTMENT CONCLAVE 2014Date: 11th Feb, 2014Venue : Hotel Courtyard, AhmedabadContact Details : www.citiindia.com

CONFERENCE DETAILS

Date : 26th Feb, 2014

Venue : Nehru Centre, Worli

Contact details : www.cmai.in

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