japanese grammar advanced volitiona--lusing 「まい」 to express a will to not do something ...

8/17/2019 Japanese grammar Advanced Volitiona--lUsing to express a will to not do something .docx

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Advanced Volitional

Posted by Tae Kim

We learned in a previous lesson that the volitional form is usedwhen one is set out to do something. In this section, we're going t

cover some other ways in which the volitional form is used, mostnotably, the negative volitional form.

Negative Volitional

Vocabulary

1.見る【み・る】 ru!verb" ! to see

#.行く

【い・く】

u!verb" ! to go

$.する e%ception" ! to do

&.来る【く・る】 e%ception" ! to come

.なる u!verb" ! to become

(.相手【あい・て】 ! other party

).剣【けん】 ! sword

*.達人【たつ・じん】 ! master, e%pert

+.そう ! things are" that way

1. 簡単【かん・たん】 na!ad-" ! simple

11. 勝つ【か・つ】 u!verb" ! to win

1#. そんな ! that sort of

1$. 無【!・"#】 ! unreasonable e%cessive

1&. 手段【しゅ・だん】 ! method

1. $%る【み&・%る】 ru!verb" ! to recogni/e, toac0nowledge


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1(. そ' ! that (abbr. of そ)'*

1). + 【&,】 ! time

1*. -.て【け/・.て】 ! by no means decidedly

1+. 0 【か)】 ! he boyfriend

#. 1う【あ・う】 u!verb" ! to meet

#1. 2 【334】 ! heart mind

##. -%る【,・%る】 ru!verb" ! to decide

#$. あ' ! that over there"(abbr. of あ)'*

#&. 人【5&】 ! person

#. 67 【68】 ! counter for number of times

#(. 9 【うそ】 ! lie

#). つく u!verb" ! to be attached

#*. :う【つか・う】 u!verb" ! to swear, to pledge

#+. ;


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The negative volitional is used to e%press negative intention. Thismeans that there is a will for something to not happen or thatsomeone is set out to not do something. 8s a result, because oneis trying not to do something, it's probably not going to happen.6ssentially, it is a very sti5 and formal version of BC.DうE andBF4うE. While this form is practically never used in daily

conversations, you might still hear it in movies, etc.

9erbs are con-ugated to the negative volitional by simply attachingBGいE to the verb. 8nother alternative is to attachBGいE to thestem. The con-ugation for the negative volitional is uite di5erentfrom those we are used to because it is always the last con-ugatioto apply even for the masu!form. There is no way to con-ugate BGいE to the masu!form, you simply attachBGいE to the masu!formcon-ugation.

:sing BGいE to e%press a will to not do something

• For ru-verbs: 8ttachBGいE to the stem.6%ample; 見る →見Gい

• For u-verbs: 8ttach BGいE to the end of the verb6%ample;行くGい

• Exceptions:

1.する →するまい or しまい

#.くる →くるGい

• This con-ugation must always come last.


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#.そんな無茶な手段は認ますまい!I won't approve of such an unreasonable methodJ

We already learned that you could use the volitional form to say3let's3 and to e%press an attempt do something. =ut that doesn'tmean you can use the negative volitional to say 3let's not3 or 3trynot to3. The tone of this grammar is one of very strongdetermination to not do something, as you can see in the followine%amples.

1.その"ま#は$して%に&うまい'(に$てい)。:ntil that time, I had decided in my heart to not meet him byany means.

#.*の人は+,-'./01まい'23)の#す。

That person had sworn to never lie again.

In order to e%press 3let's not3, you can use the verb, B=%るE witthe regular volitional. In order to e%press an e5ort to not dosomething, you can use BKう?するE with the negative verb.

1.45に61の/78う。>et's not go tomorrow. lit; >et's uit going tomorrow."

#.9/:;ない8うにしている。 Trying not to eat meat.

Using the volitional to express a lack of relation

Vocabulary

1.@Aる【た・Aる】 ru!verb" ! to eat

#.行く【い・く】

u!verb" ! to go$.あいつ ! that guy derogatory"

&.LM 【Fい・Nく】 ! college

.Oる【Pい・る】 u!verb" ! to enter

(.Q 【R)】 ! me myself I masculine"


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).ST 【かん・けい】 ! relation, relationship

*.ある u!verb" ! to e%ist inanimate"

+."ん】 ! time

1. Uう【あ・う】 u!verb" ! to match

11. V?Uう【G・?・あ・う】 ! to be in time

1#. WX 【Yい・,ん】 ! recent lately

1$. Z[\] ! virus

1&. ^_ 【,Dう・IDく】 na!ad-" ! powerful, strong

1. `abcd ! program

1(. e行【じ/・3う】 ! e%ecute

1). する e%ception" ! to do

1*. fgh ! page

1+. 見る【み・る】 ru!verb" ! to see

#. ij 【かん・kん】 ! infection

We will now learn a grammar that's actually practical for everydayuse using the negative volitional grammar. =asically, we can useboth volitional and negative volitional forms to say it doesn'tmatter whether something is going to happen or not. This is doneby attaching BNE to both the volitional and the negativevolitional form of the verb that doesn't matter.

:sing the volitional to e%press a lac0 of relation

• 8ttachBNE to the volitional and negative volitional form ofthe verb.6%amples

1.:;る →:;8う+:;まい →:;8う?:;まい?


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#.61 →6@う+61まい →6@う?61まい?

Examples

1.*い0?ABにCDう?Cるまい?+E'はFGない8。Whether that guy is going to college or not, it has nothing todo with me.

#."


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1#. }- 【かい・けつ】 ! resolution

1$. Pかる u!verb" ! to plan, to devise

1&. そ' ! that (abbr. of そ)'*

1. ~Z•Z ! 0now!how

1(. € 【つ】 ! ne%t

1). ‚ƒ 【Yん・Dう】 ! industry

1*. なる u!verb" ! to become

1+. „…†‡ ! scenario

#. ˆ‰る【かんN・‰る】 ru!verb" ! to thin0

#1. w"4ん ! of course

##. Š‹Œ 【kい・&・すう】 ! number of students

#$. Ž 【ん・.Dう】 ! decline, reduction

#&. ‘ 【ん・’い】 ! present time

#. M“ 【N/・か】 ! course of study

#(. ” 【.ん・kつ】 ! newly organi/ed or established

#). –ƒ“ 【.Dく・Dう・か】 ! occupational studies

#*. — U廃【&う・Pい・pう】 ! reorgani/ation

#+. “˜ 【か・ない】 ! within study course

$. ™g] ! course

$1. š› 【かい・œん】 ! reorgani/ation

$#. + 【じ・Fい】 ! period, era

$$. Uう【あ・う】 u!verb" ! to match


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Using Bか4うE as volitional for B E endings

Vocabulary

1.ある u!verb" ! to e%ist inanimate"

#.い【P=・い】 i!ad-" ! fast early

$.8んな ! what 0ind of

&.¡¢ 【.Dう・5ん】 ! product

.£¤¥ ! net

(.¦§ 【Pん・¨い】 ! selling

).§© 【うI・あ】 ! amount sold, sales

*.ª«る【'・«る】 ru!verb" ! to e%tend, to lengthen

+.¬う【い・う】 u!verb" ! to say

1. 【w'】 ! ob-ect

11. –— 【うん・う】 ! e%ercise

1#. ®%る【Pじ・%る】 ru!verb" ! to begin

1$. い遅【Rそ・い】 i!ad-" ! late

1&. ¯° 【けん・3う】 ! health

1. いい i!ad-" ! good

1(. ±る変【か・±る】u!verb" ! to change

1). ²


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li0e BCあ4うE but for the negative4 The answer is to use yetanother type of volitional for negatives and i!ad-ectives used onlyin formal and literary conte%ts. 2ou can thin0 of this grammar as avery old!fashioned version for i!ad-ectives and negativeBいE endings.

The con-ugation rule is simple; remove the last BいE and attachBか4うE. 2ou can use it for negatives and i!ad-ectives -ust li0e thBか/たE past con-ugation form.

:sing Bか4うE to e%press volition for BいE endings

• Drop the last BいE and attach Bか4うE6%amples

1.CPない →CPなか4う

#.い →か4う

Examples

1.んな˜™#zš›œ#žするだ]#žŸ?¡る'いうzの#はな>Dう。It's not necessarily the case that sales go up -ust by selling antype of product on the net.

#.–—/¢るの?£>Dう?¤>Dう?+¥¦にいい'いうのは‘InまJん。Whether you start e%ercising early or late, the fact that it'sgood for your health doesn't change.

$.§5#*Dう?+な>Dう?+@の¨©#はFGないª)い。Whether it's a holiday or not, it loo0s li0e it doesn't matter for

this -ob.

japanese grammar advanced volitiona--lusing 「まい」 to express a will to not do something ...

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