japanese theatre bunraku nohkabuki noh drama emerged in the 14th c. frozen in the 17th c. ...
TRANSCRIPT
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Japanese Japanese TheatreTheatre
Bunraku
Noh Kabuki
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Noh DramaNoh Drama
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Noh Noh DramaDrama Emerged in
the 14th c. Frozen in
the 17th c. Invention
attributed to Kanami Kiyotsugu (1333-1384)
Perfected by his son, Zeami Morokiyo (1363-1443)
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Noh DramaNoh Drama
Performed at courts of Ashikaga Shoguns
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Noh StageNoh Stage
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Musicians
Hayashikata/JiutaiHayashikata (instrument
players) of whistle, drums, etc. sit at the back of the
stage.
The Jiutai (singers) sit in a line on the left
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Noh Noh CharactersCharacters
Conventional roles in all dramas
Shite: principal character -- the only true “person”
Waki: secondary character -- introduces story and asks questions; often a priest
Tsure: shadowy companion to shiite and/or waki
Kokata: child Kyogen: clown --
usually lower class
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Noh Noh ConventionConvention
ss
Very short, plotless, tragic in mood
Highly stylized with very slow pace: 200-300 lines of play can take an hour to perform
Integrate singing, speech instruments, and dancing
No limitation in time or space
Highly allusive, poetic, symbolic language
Less about characters than emotions
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Yugen: haunting poetic quality,
suggesting quiet elegance and grace, subtle and fleeting beauty
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Types of Noh PlaysTypes of Noh Plays A Day’s Entertainment
contains:A god playA warrior play A woman play A realistic play A demon play
Kyogen Plays: placed between Noh plays as comic reliefNo musicBroad humorAbout 20 minutes long
A Kyogen play Boshibari (fasten to a bar)
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Noh MasksFemale Mask
Male Mask
Old Man Mask
Demon Mask
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Noh CostumesCostumes are heavy silk
kimonos often luxuriously embroidered
The ability of the shite and waki to express volumes with a gesture is enhanced by their use of various hand properties, the most important of which is the folding fan (chukei). The fan can be used to represent an object, such as a dagger or ladle, or an action, such as beckoning or moon-viewing.
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Contemporary Noh performed by firelight at Heian Shrine in
Kyoto
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BunrakBunrakuu
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Ningyo-joruri, literally puppets and storytelling1684: Takemoto Gidayu set up his own theater in OsakaHe was helped in his effort by Chikamatsu Monzaemon, the greatest playwright in Japanese history, and Takeda Izumo, a famous theater owner and manager. Bunraku developed alongside and competed with Kabuki: borrowing of scripts promoted growth of both Bunraku and Kabuki
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PuppetsPuppets
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Narrator and Narrator and ShamisenShamisen
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Kabuki Kabuki
http://ddb.libnet.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/exhibit/okuni/eng/okuindxe.html
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1586: Kabuki was invented by a
dancing priestess,Izumono no Okuni
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Okuni dancing as a samurai in traditional and modern prints
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2003 stamps celebrating the 400th anniversary of
Kabuki
Okuni Kabuki Screen Kabuki plays
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Kabuki was popular theatre with a greater emphasis on plot, conflict and excitement than Noh
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Kabuki Theatre1629: Shoguns forbid females to
appear on stage; young boys played their roles
1652: Young boys forbidden to play female roles
1983: An all-female Kabuki troupe is formed: Nagoya Musume Kabuki
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Nagoya Musume Kabuki
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Kabuki StageKabuki Stage
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1. Mawari-Butai: Turntable – used to change scenes. Invented by Japanese: first used in Kabuki
2. Oh-Zeri: King –sized elevator used to bring scenery from cellar to stage
3. Seri: lift for actors and sets
4. Geza: stage left/ Music boxPlace where music and sound effects are produced
5. Yuka: Narration stageNarrator’s playing place
6. Hana-michi: Flower Path/ Stage Road
7. Suppon: lift where monsters appear
8. Toya: Waiting Room
9. Kara Hana-michi:Sub-stage Road
Kabuki Kabuki StageStage
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Kabuki StagingKabuki Staging Geza: Musicians: samisen,
percussion, winds, voices O-dugu: Stage sets: traps,
lifts, revolving stages Ko-dugu: Properties Afuri-kaeshi: spectacular set
changes
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Kabuki Kabuki CharacCharac
tersters
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Kabuki Kabuki CharacCharac
tersters
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Onnagata: femalesplayed by
male actors.The ideal for the onnagata
is not to imitate women
but to symbolically express the
essence of the feminine.
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Aragota:vigorous heroes
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Tate:virtuous hero Kataki:villain Doki:comic
Rojin:old man
Tachi Yaku: males
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Kodomo: children
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Kabuki StyleKabuki Style Kata: stylized movement patterns Onnagata: female characters
centerpiece dancesuper feminine
Tachiyaku: Male character rolesAragota style: rough style
“superman” type characters Kumadori makeup Mie: poses with glaring crossed eyes
Wagoto: soft stylerefined, merchant’s sons who fall in love with
beautiful courtesansdisowned by families somewhat comic
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Kabuki ConventionsKabuki Conventions Hanamichi: flower path Mawari-butai: revolving stage: rapid
scene shifts Tyobo: drums indicating play was
adapted from Bunraku Geza: inconspicuous “music box” --
samisen Debayasi: onstage orchestra during
dance Kurogo: assistant dressed in black who
aids actors
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Types of Kabuki PlaysTypes of Kabuki Plays Aragota: vigorous hero plays Shiranami-mono: lives of thieves plays Koroshi-ba: feudal plays with many kill scenes
Tachi-Mawari: the fight Seasonal plays:
New Year’s: revenge playApril: Hanami Tsuki: “flower viewing” -- court
ladiesSummer: ghost playsDecember: Shibakaku: plays to introduce new
actors Aiso-zukashi: scorned love plays
Engiri: break-up scene
Suicide Pact plays