jazz history 6

8/3/2019 Jazz History 6

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6. Swing Era: Popular Music, Big

Bands


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TheSwing era .

was the periodoftime (19351946) whenbig bandswingmusic was themost popularmusicin theUnitedStates. Though themusichad been around since thelate 1920s andearly 1930s, being played by black

bands led by such artists as Duke Ellington, JimmieLunceford, Benny Moten, Ella Fitzgerald, Cab Calloway,Louis Armstrong andFletcher Henderson, mosthistorians believe that the Swing Era started withBenny Goodman's performance at thePalomar

Ballroom on August 21, 1935, bringing themusic to therest ofthecountry.


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The swingera was precipitated by spicingup

familiarcommercial, popularmaterial with a

Harlemorientedflavour and sellingit via awhite bandfor a whitemusical/commercial

audience.


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FACTS.

Vanilla Ices 1990 single "Ice Ice Baby" was thefirst hiphop single to top theBillboardcharts. Topping theAustralian, Dutch, Irish, Italian andUK charts, the songhelpeddiversifyhip hop byintroducingit to amainstream audience.

To the Extreme became thefastest sellinghip hopalbumofall time, peaking at #1 on theBillboard200.


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A/B

Public Enemy-Fight The Power

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PaoLy7P

Hwk Ice Ice Baby

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=149jGeIlx

3I&feature=related


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From the Journalofthe Research Group on

Socialism and Democracy Online:

I refer to this process as cultural bridge building. Although rapartists who are African-American and Latino are able to earn agreat deal of mainstream success, their record sales and overallmarketability have lagged in comparison to that of whiteartists. Economically speaking, it would benefit the music industry

greatly if the larger white audience could further identify with hip-hop culture instead of seeing it as something foreign which leftthem as casual observers. The industry desperately looked for anartist or event that could pull white America into becoming active

participants of hip-hop culture. Eminem was indeed that artist.

-Ryan Ford


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The Beastie Boys whiteness benefited them in numerous

ways. For instance, the Beasties were the first group in thehistory of rap music to score a platinum record.12 In spite oftheir phenomenal success, it was much too early in theevolutionary process of hip-hop for any bridge-building. Thinking that the music and culture were passing

fads, the industry was too unfamiliar with hip-hop to fully

exploit it. This left the Beasties success as more of anovelty and less of an example to build marketingblueprints around.


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There was a time, from 19351946, whenteenagers and young adults danced to jazz-orientated bands. When jazz orchestras

dominated pop charts and when influentialclarinettists were household names. This wasthe swing era.

Scott Yanow

Also-trombonists were popular!-

George Colligan


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Ken Burns Excerpt Episode 5

1:27-14:20

25:37-38:19


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Top 10+ofSwing/Big Bands

1. Fletcher Henderson(December 18, 1897 December 29, 1952)

2. Benny Goodman(May 30, 1909 June 13, 1986)

3. Tommy Dorsey(November 19, 1905 November 26, 1956[1]

4. Glen Miller(March 1, 1904 missingin action[1] December 15, 1944

5. Jimmy Lunceford(June 6, 1902 July 12, 1947) 6. Count Basie (August 21, 1904 April 26, 1984

7. Woody Herman(May 16, 1913 October 29, 1987)

8. Stan Kenton(December 15, 1911 August 25, 1979

9. Maynard Ferguson(May 4, 1928 August 23, 2006)

10. Roy Eldridge(January 30, 1911 February 26, 1989)

11. Benny Carter(August 8, 1907 July 12, 2003)

12. Raymond Scott(10 September 1908 8 February 1994)


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Fletcher Henderson


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James Fletcher Hamilton Henderson, Jr.

(December 18, 1897 December 29, 1952)was anAmerican pianist, bandleader, arranger

andcomposer, important in thedevelopment

ofbig bandjazz andswingmusic. His was one

ofthemost prolific blackorchestras andhisinfluence was vast.

Louis Armstrong was a featured soloist inhis

bandin the 20s


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His band, concept and arrangements considered the modelforthe Swing Era

Hadlittle success as a bandleaderfinancially althoughhis band waspopular

Whenhis bandfolded, he worked as an arrangerfor BennyGoodman

Many of Goodman's hits from the swing era were played byHenderson and his own band in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In

fact they usually were head arrangements that Fletcher transcribedfrom his own records and then sold to Goodman.

In 1939, Henderson disbanded his own band and joined Goodman's,first as both pianist and arranger and then working full-time as thestaff arranger. He reformed bands of his own several times in the1940s, toured with Ethel Waters again in 1948-1949. Henderson

suffered a stroke in 1950 resulting in partial paralysis that ended hisdays as a pianist. He died in New York City in 1952.


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Copenhagen

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZwpzK57

z0Y


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Benny Goodman


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Benjamin David Benny Goodman (May 30, 1909 June13, 1986) was an Americanjazz andswing musician,

clarinetist andbandleader; widelyknown as the "KingofSwing".

In themid-1930s, Benny Goodmanledoneofthemostpopularmusicalgroups in America. His January 16, 1938concert at Carnegie Hall in New York Cityis described by

critic Bruce Eder as "the singlemost important jazz orpopularmusicconcert inhistory: jazz's 'comingout' partyto the worldof'respectable'music."[

Goodman's bands launched thecareers ofmanymajornames in jazz, andduring anera ofsegregation, he alsoledoneofthefirst now wellknownracially-integrated jazzgroups. Goodmancontinued to perform tonearly theendofhis life, includingexploringhis interest inclassicalmusic.


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Palomar Ballroom The next night, August 21, 1935 at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles,

Goodman and his band began a three-week engagement. On top of the

Let's Dance airplay,Al Jarvis had been playing Goodman records on KFWBradio, and Los Angeles fans were primed to hear him in person. Goodmanstarted the evening with stock arrangements, but after an indifferentresponse, began the second set with the arrangements by FletcherHenderson and SpudMurphy. According to Willard Alexander, the band'sbooking agent, Krupa said "If we're gonna die, Benny, let's die playing ourown thing."The crowd broke into cheers and applause. News reports

spread word of the enthusiastic dancing and exciting new music that washappening. Over the course of the engagement, the "Jitterbug" began toappear as a new dance craze,and radio broadcasts carried the band'sperformances across the nation.

The Palomar engagement was such a marked success it is oftenexaggeratedly described as the beginning of the swing era. Donald Clarke

wrote "It is clear in retrospect that the Swing Era had been waiting tohappen, but it was Goodman and his band that touched it off."


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Sing Sing Sing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62ZSQUy

U00s&feature=fvwrel

Featuring Gene Krupa on thedrums Gene Krupa (January 15, 1909 October 16, 1973) was an

Americanjazz andbig band drummer andcomposer, knownforhis

highlyenergetic andflamboyant style.[1]


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Tommy Dorsey


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Thomas Francis "Tommy" Dorsey, Jr. (November19, 1905 November 26, 1956) was anAmerican

jazz trombonist, trumpeter, composer, andbandleader oftheBig Band era. He was known as"The Sentimental GentlemanofSwing", due tohis smooth-toned trombone playing. He was theyounger brotherofbandleaderJimmy Dorsey.

After Dorsey broke withhis brotherin themid-1930s, heled anextremely popular andhighlysuccessful bandfrom thelate 1930s into the1950s. Heremains a famous big bandleaderofthe swingera into the twentyfirst century.


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By 1939, Dorsey was aware of criticism that

his band lacked a jazz feeling. He hired

arrangerSy Oliveraway from theJimmie

Luncefordband.

Dorsey was known for raiding other bands for

talent..

Tommy Dorseyhad a runof286 Billboard

chart hits! Wow! Thats a lot! Whoin the

modernera canclaim that manyhits!


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Opus One-composed by Sy Oliver

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fz826hdng

hA&feature=related


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Glen Miller


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Alton Glenn Miller (March 1, 1904 missinginactionDecember 15, 1944) was an Americanjazz

musician (trombone), arranger, composer, andbandleader in theswing era. He was oneofthe best-sellingrecording artists from 1939 to 1943, leadingoneofthe best known "Big Bands". Miller's notablerecordings include "In the Mood", "MoonlightSerenade", "Pennsylvania 6-5000", "Chattanooga ChooChoo", "A StringofPearls", "At Last", "(I've Got a GalIn) Kalamazoo", "American Patrol", "Tuxedo Junction",and "Little Brown Jug". Whilehe was traveling toentertain U.S. troops in FranceduringWorld War II,Glenn Millerdisappearedin bad weatherover theEnglish Channel. TheGlenn Miller Orchestra wasreformed after the war andcontinues torecord andperform to this day.


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In the Mood

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CI-0E_jses&feature=related

"In The Mood" was arranged byJoe GarlandandAndy Razafbased on apre-existing melody. The main theme, featuring repeatedarpeggiosrhythmically displaced, previously appeared under the title of "Tar Paper

Stomp" credited to jazz trumpeter/bandleaderWingyManone. Manonerecorded "Tar Paper Stomp" which did not become popular until the middleof 1930, just months before Horace Henderson used the same tune in "Hotand Anxious", recorded by his brother's band, The Fletcher HendersonOrchestra, on 1931 March 19.

Under copyright rules of the day, a tune that had not been written downand registered with the copyright office could be appropriated by any

musician with a good ear. A story says that after "In the Mood" became ahit, Manone was paid byMiller and his record company not to contest thecopyright.


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Clyde Hurley, trumpet

Trumpet soloon InThe Mood

Taught himselfto playfrom Louis Armstrong

records Oftentimes, youmight hearother bands play

this tune, but trumpeters will play Hurleys

solo


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Jimmy Lunceford


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James Melvin "Jimmie" Lunceford (June 6, 1902

July 12, 1947) was anAmericanjazz alto

saxophonist andbandleader in theswingera.

From Denver

Studiedunder Paul Whitemans father

Went to Fisk University

Dated W.E.B. DuBoisdaughter

Organized a student ensemblein Memphis called

the Chickasaw Syncopators, which became theJimmy Lunceford Orchestra


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Very popular band, evenmore popular than

Duke Ellington, at least for a short time

Featured at the Cotton Club

Knownforgreat showmanship, as well as

impressiveuniforms

Willie Smith was a great alto playerin the

band, manyofthe bandmembers remained

loyal to Lunceford, who was knownforhis

professionalism


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On July 12, 1947, while playing in Seaside,

Oregon, Lunceford collapsed and died from

cardiac arrestduring an autograph session,aged 45. Allegations and rumors circulated

that he had been poisoned by a fish-

restaurant owner who was unhappy at having

to serve a "Negro" in his establishment.]Thisstory is given credence by the fact other

members of Lunceford's band who ate at this

restaurant were sickened within hours of themeal.


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Lunceford Special

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3o1cksr4p

dk&feature=related

Jimmy Lunceford-TheThree Brown Jacks

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cz6_9bz--

00&feature=related


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Frommovie, Blues InThe Night,

1941

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfpVlXNvX

to

According toone bandmember, they were

disappointed that a bandknownfor being

snappydressers werefeaturedin a major

movie, wearingrags


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Count Basie


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William "Count" Basie (August 21, 1904 April

26, 1984) was anAmericanjazz pianist, organist,

bandleader, andcomposer. Basieledhisjazz

orchestra almost continuouslyfornearly 50

years. Manynotablemusicians came to

prominenceunderhis direction, includingtenorsaxophonists Lester Young andHerschel Evans,

guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton

andHarry "Sweets" Edison and singers Jimmy

Rushing andJoe Williams. Basie's theme songswere "One O'Clock Jump" and "April In Paris".


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Swingin The Blues, 1941

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYLbrZAko

7E

Aprilin Parisfrom Blazing Saddles(1974)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cLDmgU

2Alw


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Woody Herman


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Woodrow Charles Herman (May 16, 1913

October 29, 1987), known as Woody Herman,

was anAmericanjazz clarinetist, alto and

sopranosaxophonist, singer, andbig band

leader. Leadingvarious groups called "The

Herd," Herman was oneofthemost popularofthe 1930s and'40s bandleaders. His bands

often playedmusic that was experimentalfor

their time.


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Had popular swing band, Woodchoppers Ball was a hit song

Gradually shifted to bebop type

arrangements, hiring Dizzy Gillespie to arrangefor the band

Igor Stravisnky wrote the Ebony Concerto

for Woody Hermans band Bandcontinued to work after Hermans death


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Four Brothers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hK_9otl3sZ0&feature=related

From 1947

Woody Herman (clarinet,alto sax)Sam Marowitz (alto sax)

Herbie Steward, Stan Getz, Zoot Sims (tenorsax)Serge Chaloff(baritone sax)


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Igor Stravinsky


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Ebony Concerto-Igor Stravinsky

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNvC5vAYX-E&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL9DE9880D9F11AFD5

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Russian: , transliterated: Igor Fdorovi Stravinskij; Russianpronunciation: [irfjodrvt strvinskj]); 17 June[O.S. 5 June] 1882 6 April 1971) was a Russian, andlater Frenchand American, composer, pianist, andconductor.

Heis acknowledged by some as oneofthemost important andinfluentialcomposers of20thcenturymusic.[


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Stan Kenton


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Stanley Newcomb "Stan" Kenton (December

15, 1911 August 25, 1979)[1] was a pianist,

composer, andarranger wholed aninnovative, influential, andoftencontroversial

Americanjazz orchestra. Inlateryears he was

active as aneducator. Actuallyhadmore success after the swingera

Was influenced by Earl Hines and Jimmy

Lunceford


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Intermission Riff

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oax-u-X0G8E

Malaguena

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-ulNszvkPc&feature=related

Features Mellophonium Bandof1960-63


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Mellophonium

Themellophone is a brass instrument that is typicallyusedin placeofthehorn (sometimes called a Frenchhorn) inmarching bands ordrum and buglecorps.

Owing toits use primarilyoutsideofconcert music, thereis

not much sololiteraturefor themellophone, other thanthat used withindrum and buglecorps.


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Controversy

In 1956, when the bandreturnedfromits European trip,the Critics PollinDown Beatreflectedvictories by blackmusicians invirtuallyeverycategory. The Kenton band wasplayinginOntario, Canada, at the time, and Kentondispatched a telegram whichlamented "a new minority,white jazz musicians," and statedhis "disgust [with the so-called] literarygeniuses ofjazz." Jazz criticLeonard Feather,aloneofall thecritics, respondedin the October 3, 1956,issue with anopenletter which questioned Kenton's racialviews. Featherimplied that Kenton's failure to win the

Critics Poll was probably therealreasonfor thecomplaint,and wonderedifracial prejudice was involved.


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Maynard Ferguson


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Maynard Ferguson (May 4, 1928 August 23,

2006) was a Canadian jazz musician and

bandleader. Hecame to prominence playinginStan Kenton's orchestra, beforeforminghis

own bandin 1957. He was notedfor being

able to play accuratelyin a remarkablyhighregister, andforhis bands, which served as

stepping stones forup-and-coming talent.


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With Stan Kenton

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZjWwg3T

ahk


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Humbug-from Messagefrom Newport

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_C_ZTzwf

eZg&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=

PLA051C7F31E9328BF


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The Cheshire Cat Walk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJT2LFWb

R9c

Features fusion stars like Chick Corea, Steve

Gadd, David Sandborn


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Primal Scream

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPsI3B8ue

Dw&feature=related


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Roy Eldridge


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Roy David Eldridge (January 30, 1911

February 26, 1989), nicknamed"Little Jazz"was anAmericanjazz trumpet player. His

sophisticateduseofharmony, including the

useoftritone substitutions, his virtuosic solos

andhis stronginfluenceonDizzy Gillespie

markhim as oneofthemost exciting

musicians oftheswingera and a precursorof

bebop.


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After Youve Gone

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zctXjgd_L

eQ

Considered transitional trumpeter between

Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie


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Benny Carter


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Benny Carter

Bennett Lester Carter (August 8, 1907 July12, 2003) was anAmericanjazz altosaxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer,

arranger, andbandleader. He was a majorfigurein jazz from the 1930s to the 1990s, andwas recognized as such byother jazzmusicians whocalledhimKing. In 1958, he

performed withBillie Holiday at thelegendaryMonterey Jazz Festival.


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I Cant Get Started

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zx1TgPwrl

DE


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Raymond Scott


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Raymond Scott (bornHarry Warnow, 10 September1908 8 February 1994) was an Americancomposer,

bandleader, pianist, engineer, recording studiomaverick, andelectronicinstrument inventor.

Although Scott never scoredcartoon soundtracks, hismusicis familiar tomillions becauseofits adaptationbyCarl Stalling inover 120 classicBugs Bunny, Porky

Pig, Daffy Duck andotherWarner Bros. LooneyTunesandMerrie Melodies animated shorts. Scott's melodieshave also beenheardin twelveRen & Stimpyepisodes(that used theoriginal Scott recordings), whilemakingcameos inThe Simpsons, Duckman,Animaniacs, The

Oblongs, andBatfink


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Powerhouse

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfDqR4fqI

WE

Cartoon placement

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3FLN0iQ9SQ&feature=related


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War Dance For Wooden Indians

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zbR6YZs8

hqs


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youtube:Raymond Scott-Siberian Sleighride

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gt28p8DT

HLg

youtube: Raymond Scott

Powerhouse Medely

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3FLN0iQ9

SQ&feature=related


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Raymond Scott

Bornin Brooklyn

Graduatedfrom Juilliard

Quintette-althoughit had six people, Scott feared thatcallingit a sextet might takeyourmindoffofmusic..

Banddidnot improvise, Scott taught themusicians theparts by wrote, without charts

Organized thefirst raciallyintegratedradio bandin the40s

Pioneerinelectronicinstruments andmusic Berry GordyofMotownhiredhim but lost interest


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Honorable Mention

Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band


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The Thad Jones / Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra was ajazzbig band formed by trumpeterThad Jones anddrummerMel Lewis around 1965. The band performed

for twelveyears inits originalincarnation, andincludeda 1972 touroftheSoviet Union during theheight oftheCold War. The band won a 1978 Grammy Award forthe albumLive in Munich. Thecollaborationendedin

1978 with Jones suddenlymoving toCopenhagen,Denmark, after which the band became theMel LewisJazz Orchestra. Since thedeathofLewis in 1990 it hasbeenknown as theVanguard Jazz Orchestra. Theyhavemaintained a Monday-night residency at the

Village Vanguard forfourdecades


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The Groove Merchant(1968)

"US" from Consummation

Cherry Juice

jazz history 6

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