jean jacques rousseau by: cammie smith, annie fox, allegra craver, and lizzy alban
TRANSCRIPT
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
By: Cammie Smith, Annie Fox, Allegra Craver, and Lizzy Alban
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Biography❖ Birth: Geneva, Switzerland June 28, 1712❖ Upbringing:
➢ Isaac Rousseau- clockmaker➢ Suzanne Bernard- died July 7th, 1712➢ Raised by father
■ Isaac left Geneva➢ Raised by Uncle
■ Sent to study in Bosey with cousin➢ 1725: apprenticeship as an engraver➢ 1728: left Geneva and went to France
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❖ Post-Adolescence and Adulthood➢ 1728: became secretary to Madame Louise
de Warens■ Helped develop his taste for music
➢ 1732: worked as a music teacher in Chambery, France
➢ 1740: worked as a tutor➢ 1742: moved to Paris, became a musician
and composer
Biography (Cont.)
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➢ 1742: met and befriended Denis Diderot➢ 1745: moved back to Paris (after living in
Venice for two years)■ Became a music teacher
➢ 1768: married Therese Levasseur■ Had five children with her
❖ Death: Ermenonville, France July 2, 1778
Biography (Cont.)
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❖ Education:➢ Little formal education
■ Father taught him to read❖ Famous Works:
➢ 1750: Discourse on the Arts and Sciences
➢ 1761: Julie or the New Heloise➢ 1762: The Social Contract➢ 1762: Emile, or on Education
Biography (Cont.)
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❖ State of nature
➢ Intellectual exercise, meant to observe human nature
➢ Trying to imagine man without society, or culture
➢ Humans in their most natural state❖ Rousseau’s Beliefs
➢ Human nature is similar to animal nature
➢ Two main things set man apart from animals1) Free Agency -“Perfectibility”: natural openness to change
-Human nature has always changed over time and will always change
2) Compassion-Man is the sensitive creature therefore they are naturally good
Rousseau’s State of Nature
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According to Rousseau society causes man to lose their natural goodness. The civilized man is greedy and calculating.
Why?1) Property
-Market based economy created inequalities amongst human beings *These inequalities cause man to be greedy and calculating
-Property is the basis of society therefore society is what causes man to
lose it’s natural goodness2) Inequality
-The true cause of all our discontent-Amour propre: inspires man to value him/her self more than others
*Pride, vanity, contempt, shame envy*Born out of comparison, and awareness of the difference
How did society make man “bad”?
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Representative VS. Direct Democracy
Representative Direct
Citizens vote for a small group of people to represent them in government
ALL citizens are involved in making governmental decisions
Citizens have to trust the group to make the right decisions
Everyone gets a direct say
Example: British government today. Citizens elect members of Parliament to make decisions
Example: New England town meetings. Anyone can come and have their voice be heard in the decision making process
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❖ Main ideas➢ All people must enter a “social contract”
■ Forfeit some rights for the community■ “Every man having been born free and master
of himself, no one else may under any pretext whatever subject him without his consent. To assert that the son of a slave is born a slave is to assert that he is not born a man.”
■ Gov. acts for the best of the GENERAL WILL■ If Gov. does not protect and act in best interest
of the people, the people have the right to overthrow and replace that gov.
The Social Contract (1762)
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❖ English gov. not acting in the best interest of the colonists they should have the right to overthrow them and replace it with their own.
❖ Idea of General Will = democracy
Influence on America’s Separation from England