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1 Jeff Owen, The Rochdale Group September 2012 Delivering Clarity to Credit Unions Through Expertise and Experience Enterprise Risk Management Lending Execution and Risk Management Merger Strategy and Realization Credit Union Capital Markets Compliance Strategic Planning and Execution Regulatory Response Activity

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Page 1: Jeff Owen, The Rochdale Group September 2012 - Utah's Credit … CU... · 2012-09-04 · 1 Jeff Owen, The Rochdale Group September 2012 Delivering Clarity to Credit UnionsThrough

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Jeff Owen, The Rochdale Group

September 2012

Delivering Clarity to Credit Unions Through Expertise and Experience

Enterprise Risk Management

Lending Execution and Risk Management

Merger Strategy and Realization

Credit Union Capital Markets

Compliance

Strategic Planning and Execution 

Regulatory Response Activity

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• Introduction to ERM

• Roles and Responsibilities

• Risk Appetite

• Economic Capital 

• Risk Centric Strategic Planning

• Implementing an ERM Program

AGENDA

Introduction to 

ERM

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What is ERM?

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“… a process, effected by an entity's board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risks to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives.”

Source:  COSO Enterprise Risk Management – Integrated Framework.  2004. COSO.

What is RISK?

6

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Risk versus Return

Risk and return is an inseparable concept

7

Risk‐Adjusted Return

Risk Level

Zone 1Insufficient Risk Taking

Zone 2Optimal 

Risk Taking

Zone 3Excessive Risk Taking

Traditional Risk Management

• Credit unions are in the business of risk taking

• Generally has been a silo’d approach:• Loan underwriting• Asset liability management • Business continuity• Branch security• Vendor management

• All reviewed independently by line management, internal auditors, external auditors and regulators

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It is no longer, what did I know…

It is all about what SHOULD I have known!

What ERM is NOT!

• Risk checklist

• Compliance assessment

• Isolated technology solution

• One‐time project

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Just to level‐set, ERM is…

• Strategic and bottom‐line oriented

• Much more than a compliance and regulatory activity

• Intended to provide access to better information in a more timely manner, allowing for enhanced decision making

Why ERM?

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• Provides comprehensive view of organizational risk for enhanced decision making

• Creates value by improving the financial/risk relationship

• Reduces regulatory burden and improves the 

relationship with auditors

• Minimizes organizational/personal liability

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A Conceptual View of Risk Management 

Evolution of ERM

• Business environment

• Regulatory pressure

• Member/consumer expectations

• Technology

• Competition

• Political environment

• World‐wide economic crisis

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Science of ERM

Involves the methods and processes to identify, measure and manage risks and/or seize opportunities related to the achievement of the organization’s goals and objectives

Why it Makes Sense

• Opportunity for sustained success is only as good as the collective ability to make the right decisions

• Each improved decision positively impacts the brand and financial standing

• It is impossible to effectively manage what you don’t see and measure

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What to Expect from ERM

• Improved transparency 

• Understanding risk profile 

• Elimination of silos 

• Improved strategic alignment

• Proactive focus on risk identification and goal accomplishment

• Risk‐weighted view of capital adequacy 

• Improved understanding of return on capital deployment

What it Takes

• Commitment of board and management 

• Up‐front time commitment

• Establishment of risk management committee

• Implementation of risk repository and reporting system

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ERM OpportunitiesStrategic• Improve strategy execution and performance• Understand capital adequacy• Set risk tolerance

Management• Enhance financial returns• Identify prospective emerging risks• Provide organizational awareness and cross‐functional transparency

Audit• Establish risk‐weighted focus• Support secondary review of controls/response mitigation

Regulatory• Vet risk management strategy• Strengthen communication• Justify processes in a practical, pragmatic manner

Implementation Project

Phase I – Set the Stage

Phase II – Identify and Assess Exposures

Phase III – Measure and Manage

Phase IV – Mature

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Economic Capital

Failures of The Past

• Lack of transparency

• Minimal senior management engagement

• No Board commitment or involvement

• Reactive risk processes

• Immature and wavering risk tolerance and risk appetite

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• Seize new opportunities (merger, indirect lending)

• Leverage the risks we are already taking

• Eliminate silos and brought management team together

• Provide the board with an enhanced understanding of strategic direction, risk profile of the organization and overall alignment of the organization

• Ensure appropriate deployment of resources (capital, human, etc.)

What Credit Unions Say…

• Is your organization consistently operating within an acceptable risk level?

• Can you confidently list major risks from all across the organization, address their impact on the organization and articulate the current responses to those risks?  

• Do the other key decision makers in the organization agree on your assessment?

• Do you understand key risks in the current strategic direction and goals?

• Are you confident that you know all that you should know about your credit union?

Key Questions

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It’s about improving financial returns on your efforts and maximizing the 

deployment of resources by delivering proactive and measured data

In the End

Roles 

Responsibilities

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Fundamental Shift in Thinking

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Key FocusBoard Management Operations

What could threaten our survival?

What could undermine our 

strategy?

What could derail our project?

Strategic Flexibility Strategy Commitment

Target Achievement

Risk CentricScenario Planning

StrategyAssessment

Tactical and Operational 

Execution Plans

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The Board’s Role

• Responsible for setting strategy to maximize member value in a prudent and financially sound manner

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• ERM provides the information needed to improve strategy and monitoring of results

• Comes down to setting and managing objectives in light of key risks within acceptable tolerances 

• Set risk culture and tone

• Allocate necessary resources

• Ensure process diligence

• Validate risk appetite

• Understand and balance strategy and risk

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How Should the Board Support ERM?

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• Understand and communicate risk culture and tone

• Deploy necessary resources

• Ensure process diligence

• Define risk appetite

• Proactively identify and manage risks

• Ensure process transparency (vertically and horizontally)

Management’s Role

• Open and honest communication of key risks

• Awareness of emerging risks

• Implementation of responses to address unmitigated risks

Staff’s Role

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• Review of responses to ensure they are performing as intended

• Feed key risks back into ERM process

Audit and Regulators

BREAK

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Risk Appetite

Risk Appetite

• How much we are willing to lose in one event (setting of individual limits)

• How much we are willing to risk losing in total (general risk philosophy)

• What is our general appetite for risk in different risk categories

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• Quantitative vs. qualitative

• We will and/or will not do

• Bands vs. hard stops

• Expectations of members

• Dialogue – establish over time

41

Risk Appetite

42

Risk Appetite

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43

Risk Appetite

44

Risk Appetite

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In summary…

• While there are a range of outcomes the credit union could experience, there are limits that help define the preferred risk appetite

• While we all desire and hope for the most positive outcome(s), in most cases that success is interconnected with increased opportunity for loss

• The process of thinking through and assessing the willingness to accept certain types of risk provides general direction to the credit union as it strives to achieve its objectives

45

Risk Appetite

Slightly favor existing over prospective members

Risk Appetite

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Example Risk Statements:

• Credit Union will fully understand program risk before launch

• Credit Union has a very low risk tolerance to regulatory non‐compliance, but will not back down from challenging examiners when appropriate

• Credit Union seeks to exploit technology by rapidly deploying stable technologies 

• Credit Union seeks to be innovative in process and conservative in practice

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Risk Appetite

•Prepare risk appetite statements within each of the risk areas:

Strategic: Offer a reasonable range of services, at average prices, with a concentration on existing members.

•Provide examples of actions that match/conflict with the statements, trying to tie in some of the credit union’s actual exposures:

This might fit the appetite:

⁻Offer indirect lending rates within 0.25% of competitor rates

This doesn’t fit the appetite:

⁻Advertise loan specials that undercut competitor rates by 1% or more

Risk Appetite

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• What are some example risk statements of “high willingness to accept risk” under each category, and examples of “low willingness to accept risk” under each category 

• What are some examples of actions within each

Risk Appetite Exercise

• Risk categories

o Strategic

o Transaction

o Compliance

o Reputation

o Credit

o Liquidity

o Interest Rate

Economic 

Capital

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Introduction to Economic Capital

• Economic capital is an estimate of the equity needed to survive a near‐worst‐case loss scenario

• Financial institutions assess economic capital for several reasons

• Multiple approaches to economic capital

51

Economic Capital Ratio

• Recommend comparing a credit union’s actual capital to its economic capital:

• Economic Capital Ratio = Actual Capital / Economic Capital

• A credit union’s risk appetite helps determine the target level for each credit union

• You could use economic capital in conjunction with your risk appetite to set an overall risk limit for the credit union

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Economic Capital Ratio

• Assume you have $16 million in capital, $200 million in assets and economic capital of $10 million (Ratio of actual to economic capital = 1.60)

• Next, assume your risk appetite is such that the lowest capital class you would accept even after a near‐worst‐case loss scenario is “undercapitalized”, or a minimum net worth ratio of 4%

53

Economic Capital Ratio

• Risk and capital calculations:

• Current capital $16 million

• Less: Economic capital 10 million

• Less: minimum capital level at 4% 8 million

• Excess (Deficit) capital ($2 million)

• This means that the credit union has insufficient capital given its risk level and risk appetite

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ERM

and

Strategic Planning

Risk‐Centric Strategic Planning

• Uses long‐term orientation

• Identifies key risk scenarios that might affect the credit union’s business model, results or other operating parameters

• Identifies impact, likelihood and velocity of each scenario

• Considers ability of current strategic positioning to address each scenario

• Arrives at key focus issues to ensure long‐term success

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• Take a few minutes to work individually

• Identify and write down 10 long‐term issues for credit unions

• Rate the potential impact of each issue:

• From 1 (low) to 10 (high)

• Assess the likelihood of each situation over the next 10 years:

• From 1 (unlikely) to 10 (certain)

• Estimate the velocity of occurrence:

• From 1 (the issue will occur slowly) to 10 (quickly)

• Afterward, we will discuss the various issues and severity (I x L x V) of each scenario

Risk‐Centric Strategic Planning

Follow‐up

• Compare the long‐term scenarios identified against the current environment at your credit union:

• Strategic objectives and implementation plans

• Existing risk responses at the credit union

• Assess the degree of alignment of the objectives and responses in addressing the key scenarios

• Make changes in the strategic objectives, implementation plans, and risk responses to better position the credit union to focus on and address the scenarios

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Scenarios From Past Credit Union Conference

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Scenario

Average 

Impact

Average 

Likelihood

Average 

Velocity

Response 

Count I x L x V

Access to  market liquidity 9.00 10.00 8.00 1 720                  

Technology ‐ Security 8.55 7.36 6.64 11 418                  

Succession Planning BOD/Mgt. 7.83 8.56 6.00 18 402                  

Long‐term Rate Depression 6.83 8.33 6.67 6 380                  

Over‐Regulation 7.26 8.14 6.09 43 360                  

NCUSIF Losses 6.00 6.00 9.00 1 324                  

Inflationary / Rising Rates 7.27 6.95 6.36 22 322                  

Loss of Mortgage Agencies 9.00 5.50 6.50 2 322                  

Profitability Concerns 7.12 7.00 6.06 17 302                  

Technology ‐ Mobile 7.60 8.30 4.70 10 296                  

Terrorism 6.60 6.80 6.40 5 287                  

Increased BOD Requirements 6.00 8.25 5.75 4 285                  

Inability to maintain loan growth 7.61 5.78 6.39 18 281                  

Economic ‐ Recession 7.04 6.15 6.35 48 275                  

Charter consolidation (CU & Bank) 7.29 7.71 4.86 7 273                  

Environmental crisis 6.80 5.20 7.67 15 271                  

CU mergers 7.40 6.20 5.90 10 271                  

Technology ‐ Web 5.92 7.67 5.92 12 268                  

Membership ‐ Lose Boomers 6.92 6.75 5.58 12 261                  

Membership ‐ Attract Gen Y 5.75 8.67 5.17 12 257                  

Increased Non‐Traditional Competition 7.14 6.71 5.14 7 247                  

BREAK

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Implementing an 

ERM Program:

Taking it Back

Functional Area Risk Assessment• Identify significant operating/admin areas

• Conduct ERM session for each area, including a discussion of the risks that can influence the area’s or the credit union’s ability to meet its objectives

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Risk Identification• Identify the material events, having negative 

consequences, that can transpire within the functional area’s responsibility:• Exposures, uncertainties and missed opportunities

• Consider internal and external factors:• Natural disasters to employee fraud

• Develop scenarios to demonstrate each risk

Primary Risk Categories

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Credit

Reputation

Interest Rate

Compliance

Strategic

Operational/ Transaction

LiquidityFailure of obligor to repay loan or investment

Changes in interest rates and rate relationships 

Inability to meet obligations when they come due, without incurring material costs or unacceptable losses

Violations of, or nonconformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or ethical standards

Fraud or error that results in an inability to deliver products or services, maintain a competitive position, and manage information

Adverse business decisions, improper implementation of decisions, or lack of responsiveness to industry changes

Negative public opinion or perception

Potential impacts on earnings or capital from:

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Assessment Factors

Impact – Potential magnitude, in the absence of responses, measured consistently against assets and capital

Likelihood –The frequency with which an event may occur in a given time period, again in the absence of responses

Mitigation –The degree to which the organization’s responses manage down the impact or likelihood

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Controls Over Responses

• Actual processing often differs from documented procedures

• Controls help ensure that responses to risks are carried out as intended

• Examples include policies and procedures, internal audit reviews, etc.

• During the sessions, you will likely discuss the controls that support the responses:

• However, the initial ERM implementation is not intended as an audit of the controls over risk responses

Inherent Versus Residual Risk

• Inherent Risk = Impact x Likelihood:

• This is the exposure before responses

• Residual Risk = Inherent Risk x Mitigation:

• Exposure after responses

• The difference is the benefit of the responses

• This approach supports cost‐benefit analysis of the credit union’s responses

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Global Scenarios

• Some risks affect all areas of the organization:

• Business continuity events

• Significant changes in external factors that influence the credit union

• The ERM team should ask all areas to assess the potential impacts of and responses to such scenarios

• The result will be valuable information to support the BCP and ALM processes

• Forum to discuss risk issues

• Cross-functional composition to provide multi-dimensional view across credit union

• Monthly or quarterly meetings

• Generally reports to the Board or a Board committee

• Often combined with ALCO, business priorities, credit or other committee

Risk Management Committee

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Periodic ERM Reporting

• Reporting usually involves two primary mechanisms:

• Risk Management Committee packets

• Board and senior management ERM reports

• RMCO packets: 

• Agenda

• Minutes

• Risk Action Plan (list of key risks being monitored with updates)

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Board and Senior Management Reports• Goal is to present the credit union’s overall risk profile

• Begin report with a brief narrative of the overall risk position, status of ERM process, and major increases and decreases in exposures 

• Next, include several additional ERM reports:

• Strategic area heat map

• Largest Residual Risk Exposures by Risk Category report

• Emerging Risks report

• Residual Risk by Risk Unit report

• Qualitative Measures

• Risk Action Plan

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• ERM Policy

• Department Procedures

• Training Materials

• ERM Reporting Templates

• ERM Committee Materials

Other Key Components

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• It’s about improving financial returns on your efforts and maximizing the deployment of resources by delivering proactive and measured data

• Start somewhere – Begin small and allow the process to mature over time

• Get board, management and staff engaged

To Summarize:

Questions

Jeff Owen –The Rochdale Group

www.rochdalegroup.com

800‐424‐4951

[email protected]