jewellery html report 2015

Introduction to ProjectMy project is an endeavor towards computerized the based on entrance system. This is general-purpose system. Which has been the developed with an aim to test the skills of the student in real time? The entire system has been developed with an option of two types of users, out of which one will be the administrator and the other will be the normal user, the administrator will have the privileges right from creating a batch, creating a user creating a object, adding question to a subject, creating a test for the user etc. on the other hand, the normal user can just login to the system, the list of tests, which have been earlier, created by the administrator for the particular user.

Introduction of Banking:-Jewellery in the Indus Valley was worn predominantly by females, who wore numerous clay or shell bracelets on their wrists. They were often shaped like doughnuts and painted black. Over time, clay bangles were discarded for more durable ones. In India today, bangles are made out of metal or glass. Other pieces that women frequently wore were thin bands of gold that would be worn on the forehead, earrings, primitive brooches, chokers and gold rings. Although women wore jewellery the most, some men in the Indus Valley wore beads. Small beads were often crafted to be placed in men and womens hair. The beads were about one millimetre long. A female skeleton (presently on display at the National Museum, New Delhi, (India) wears a carline an bangle (a bracelet) on her left hand. India is a leading player in the global gems and jewellery market. The gems and jewellery industry occupies an important position in the Indian economy. It is a leading foreign exchange earner, as well as one of the fastest growing industries in the country.

Project Category

BankingSoftware Requirements: Dreamweaver Oracle 8i Hardware Requirements: Processor: Pentium 4 or above RAM : 1 GB or above Hard disk : 40 GB or aboveLanguages used:HTML & CSS and java script

Objective of the Project

With the passage of time, the computer met many changes in the area of technology. The computer solved not only the easier problem of human being but also provides the solution for complicated tasks. Every project is built with a purpose in mind and there are certain boundaries around which the objectives of each project revolve.The Software Package has been developed on todays most powerful language.HTML Commonly Known as HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE. The Feature of this Software is to introduce to the HTML language. The software is highlighting Computer Education: Need for Computer, Courses in Computer, and Career in Computer.The following objectives have been set up:-To carry on the business activities as developers of land, colonies, sheds, buildings, structures, residential plots, commercial plots, industrial plots and sheds, roads, bridges, channels, culverts and to act as architect, designers, contractors, sub-contractors, for all types of constructions and developments work for private sector, government departments, semi government departments and to develop the sites and plots and to carry on the business activities of acquirer, purchaser, lease, exchange, hire or otherwise all types of land, and properties of any tenure or any interest in the same or to erect and construct houses, building, multi-stories, or work for every descriptions on any land of the company or upon other land or property and to pull down re-build, enlarge, alter, and improve, existing houses, buildings, or work thereon and to purchasing and selling of houses and plots free hold or other house property, building, or lands or interest, household articles and other products of other companies in the installments, network scheme or otherwise and to act as commission agent and to offer various types of incentives, schemes from time to time either directly or in collaboration with any other individuals, firms, bodies corporate in India or else where and to educate people for side work, entertainment and side work, personality development.

Scope of Project

The project has wide scope .The project is flexible enough to take changes any time you can customize your website according to the needs & requirements of the users. We can add new information to this project any time. Hence more additions can be made to proposed project.This website allows you to introduce the html language with information for Ludhiana. Different users can take advantage from this website once this website is restricted on internet. They can gain knowledge of Ludhiana as per requirement. Through which one can save time.SecurityToday organizations are increasingly becoming independent on information systems /technology. However these systems are vulnerable to a large number of potential hazards, especially due to networked computing. Therefore, IS control and security is an important issue of concern for the management .some of the major threats to the information systems are as follows:Errors in handling, entering, processing, transferring, or programming dataEquipment malfunctionsAccidental or malicious damage to computer resourcesDestruction from virus Theft of equipment and / or programs

Software Development Life Cycle

SDLC means combination of various activities together. In other words we can say that various activities put together are referred as Software Development Life Cycle.In other words we can say that SDLC is a sequence carried out by analyst, designer and user to develop and implements information.Analyst:Analyst is a person who conducts a study, identifies activities and objectives and determines procedures to achieve the objectives. The main job of analyst is to provide right type of information, in right quantity and at right time in a cost effective manner to the management or the end user.Designer:Designer is also a person that designs the system in terms of report and forms. He also determines the hardware and software requirements for the system to be developed.User:User is that person which needs the software or system. User is one who uses the software or the system.

Phases of Software Development life cycle (SDLC)

PRELIMINARY SYSTEM STUDYFEASIBILITY STUDYDETAILED SYSTEM STUDYSYSTEM ANALYSISSYSTEM DESIGNCODINGTESTINGIMPLEMENTATIONMAINTENANCESUMMARY

Phases of SDLC

Preliminary System StudyIt is the first stage of SDLC. This is a brief investigation of system under consideration and gives a clear picture of what actually the system is? In short, we should say that it passes through steps: Problem identification Background analysis Inference or findingFeasibility study In SDLC the next phase is to examine the feasibility of the system. In feasibility study the system is analyzed from six aspects:- economic, managerial, technical , commercial , financial and organizational. All these aspects are not equally important and their relative importance varies according to the nature of software. But one thing is sure that feasibility study must cover all aspects.Detailed System StudyThis involves detailed study of various operations performed by a system and their relationship within and outside the system. Using the following steps it becomes easy to draw the exact boundary of the new system under consideration: Keeping in view the problems and new requirements Workout the pros and cons including new areas of the system.System analysisSystem analysis is a process of collecting data, understand the processes involved, identifying problems and recommending feasible suggestion for improving the system functioning.The major objective of system analysis are to find answer for each business process, what is being done, how is being done, who is doing it, when is he doing it, why is it being done and how can it be improved? It is more of thinking process.System designThis is the phase of system designing. It is the most crucial phase in the development of a system. Normally, design proceeds in two stages: Preliminary or general design Structured or detailed designThere are several tools and techniques used in designing. They are: Flowcharts Data flow diagrams Data dictionary Structured English Decision table Decision treeCodingThe system design needs to be implemented to make it a workable system. This demands the coding of design into computer understandable language. This is also called the programming phase in which the programmer converts the program into computer instruction, which we refer to as programs.TestingBefore actually implementing the new system into operation , a test run of the system is done for removing the bugs, if nay. It is an important phase of a successful system. After codifying the whole programs of the system, a test plan should be developed and run on a given set of test data. We carried following testing: Program test System testImplementationImplementation is the stage of a project during which theory is turned into practice. A lot of techniques are available for implementations are newly developed system such as: Parallel run Direct cutover Phased approach Pilot approach etc.MaintenanceMaintenance is necessary to eliminate errors in the system during its working life and to tune the system to any variations in its working environments. It has been seen that there always some errors found in the system that must be noted and corrected. It also means the review of the system from time to time.SummaryThe purpose of a SDLC methodology is to provide managers with the tools to help ensure successful implementation of system that satisfy agency strategic and business. Summary is overview of the system in short to understand the system.

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Introduction to HTML

HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark up Language. HTML is a mark up language that was created with the purpose to display documents in the form of web page.HTML works in the same way using opening and closing instructions which instruct the browser. How to display the document in HTML. HTML is relatively easy to learn as many of the tags used in html are easy to understand. One of the best things about HTML is that it does not require special software to create a program. You already have enough to get started with HTML as you can use notepad easily.Even word will allow you expert your files as HTML files although this is not recommended especially.In order to view a page, in a web browser you have to open a file in the specified browser. Internet explorer is currently the most popular browser which is used by most of the users. The other browser which allows the view of web page is Netscape Navigator, Mosaic etc.Why HTML?Full name of HTML is Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is a language which is used to design web documents. By using HTML we can easily create a website. The test file HTML can have extension either .html or .html. An HTML file is a text containing small markup tags.Benefits of HTMLWe may not be bothering with HTML validation or writing simple and clean code when designing the web page. The major benefit of HTML language is: Web site accessibility:Validating the HTML code helps to pinpoint areas of potential blockage that could prevent search engine spiders or visitors from accessing the website. When we run the site through a code validated it may produce many errors that need to be corrected so your pages will render well. I.e. include text with your alt tags for every tag. Search engine friendly pages:Clean and simple code enables search engine to spider the pages more quickly and completely. User can easily do work with tags and get useful results for his or her site. Faster loading:If the web page contains HTML errors it will take longer time for the search engine topsider it, therefore slowing and loading time. If the web page does not load in under 10 seconds the visitor may click away to his competitors. Access more visitor:If we ensure our pages appear correctly in the entire major browsers we will be able to reach a larger audience which then increases the potential our site to make more sales. Easier to update and maintain web site:With no mistake in HTML code it is easier and faster to make changes to our web page. For web site designers, this means we will save time and money when maintaining clients sites.

Introduction to CSS

Cascading style sheet:Cascading style sheets (CSS) collect and organize all of the formatting information applied to HTMLElements on a Web form. Because they keep this information in a single location, style sheets make it easy to adjust the appearance of Web applications.Visual Studio .NET includes style-editing tools, along with a default style sheet that is created as part of new Web application projects. Visual Studio.NET tools to modify the default style sheet, attach the sheet to Web forms, and switch between style sheets at run time. How style work?As mention in the opening of this lesson, style sheets store formatting in a single location: the CSS file, however formatting can be applied at three different levels within a web application. Before you start working with style sheets, you should understand how styles defined at different levels affect formatting. Table 13-1 describes these levels and how they apply to the elements on a Web form. Levels of StyleLevel defined in Applies toGlobal The style sheet files all pages referencing the style sheetPage The pages head element all element on current pageInline the HTML element itself Online the current elementThese three levels follow precedence rules that are similar to the levels of scoping youre already familiar with as a programmer. Inline formatting takes precedence over local formatting, which, in turn, takes precedence over global formatting. These precedence rules are The reason style sheets are referred to as cascading.

Introduction to JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is most commonly used as a client side scripting language. This means that JavaScript code is written into an HTML page. When a user requests an HTML page with JavaScript in it, the script is sent to the browser and it's up to the browser to do something with it.JavaScript is not a programming language in strict sense. Instead, it is a scripting language because it uses the browser to do the dirty work. If you command an image to be replaced by another one, JavaScript tells the browser to go do it. Because the browser actually does the work, you only need to pull some strings by writing some relatively easy lines of code. First of all, despite its simple appearance it is a full fledged programming language. This means that there are some complex programming structures that youll only understand after protracted studies.Secondly, and more importantly, there are the browser differences. Though modern web browsers all support JavaScript, there is no sacred law that says they should support exactly the same JavaScript. A large part of this site is devoted to exploring and explaining these browser differences and finding ways to cope with them.FeaturesThe following features are common to all conforming ECMAScript implementations, unless explicitly specified otherwise. Imperative and structured:JavaScript supports much of the structured programming syntax from C (e.g., if statements, while loops, switch statements, etc.). One partial exception is scoping: C-style block-level scoping is not supported (instead, JavaScript has function-level scoping). JavaScript 1.7, however, supports block-level scoping with the let keyword. Like C, JavaScript makes a distinction between expressions and statements. One syntactic difference from C is automatic semicolon insertion, in which the semicolons that terminate statements can be omitted.[24] Dynamic:Dynamic typingAs in most scripting languages, types are associated with values, not with variables. For example, a variable x could be bound to a number, and then later rebound to a string. JavaScript supports various ways to test the type of an object, including duck typing. Object basedJavaScript is almost entirely object-based. JavaScript objects are associative arrays, augmented with prototypes (see below). Object property names are string keys: obj.x=10 and obj['x']=10 are equivalent, the dot notation being syntactic sugar. Properties and their values can be added, changed, or deleted at run-time. Most properties of an object (and those on its prototype inheritance chain) can be enumerated using a for...in loop. JavaScript has a small number of built-in objects such as Function and Date. Run-time evaluationJavaScript includes an evil function that can execute statements provided as strings at run-time.

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JEWELLERY & ACCESSORIES

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HOME NECKLACE BANGLES EARRING RING ANKLETS DIAMONDS CONTACT US

Romanticism Mourning jewellery in the form of a jet brooch, 19th century. Starting in the late 18th century, Romanticism had a profound impact on the development of western jewellery. Perhaps the most significant influences were the publics fascination with the treasures being discovered through the birth of modern archaeology and a fascination with Medieval and Renaissance art.

Changing social conditions and the onset of the Industrial Revolution also led to growth of a middle class that wanted and could afford jewellery.

The Greeks started using gold and gems in jewellery in 1600 BC, although beads shaped as shells and animals were produced widely in earlier times.

Jewellery in Greece was hardly worn and was mostly used for public appearances or on special occasions. It was frequently given as a gift and was predominantly worn by women to show their wealth, social status, and beauty. The jewellery was often supposed to give the wearer protection from the Evil Eye or endowed the owner with supernatural powers, while others had a religious symbolism. Older pieces of jewellery that have been found were dedicated to the Gods.

chiefly agate, lapis, carnelian, and jasper. Favoured shapes included leaves, spirals, cones, and bunches of grapes. Jewellers created works both for human use and for adorning statues and idols. They employed a wide variety of sophisticated metalworking techniques, such as cloisonn, engraving, fine granulation, and filigree.

Extensive and meticulously maintained records pertaining to the trade and manufacture of jewellery have also been unearthed throughout Mesopotamian archaeological sites. One record in the Mari royal archives, for example, gives the composition of various items of jewellery:

1 necklace of flat speckled chalcedony beads including:flat speckled chalcedony bead, 35 gold fluted beads, in groups of five.

1 necklace of flat speckled chalcedony beads including:flat speckled chalcedony beads, 41 fluted beads in a group that make up the hanging device.

1 necklace with rounded lapis lazuli beads including: rounded lapis lazuli beads, 29 fluted beads for its clasp.

Jewellery used in body modification is usually plain. The use of simple silver studs, rings, and earrings predominates. Common jewellery pieces such as earrings are a form of body modification, as they are accommodated by creating a small hole in the ear.

Padaung women in Myanmar place large golden rings around their necks. From as early as five years old, girls are introduced to their first neck ring. Over the years, more rings are added.

In many cultures, jewellery is used as a temporary body modifier, with, in some cases, hooks or even objects as large as bike bars being placed into the recipient's skin. Although this procedure is often carried out by tribal or semi-tribal groups, often acting under a trance during religious ceremonies, this practice has seeped into western culture. Most often, these hooks are used in conjunction .

Jewellery is small decorative items worn for personal adornment, such as brooches, rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets. Jewellery may be attached to the body or the clothes, and the term is restricted to durable ornaments, excluding flowers for example. For many centuries metal, often combined with gemstones, has been the normal material for jewellery, but other materials such as shells and other plant materials may be used.It is one of the oldest type of archaeological artefact with 100,000-year-old beads made from Nassarius shells thought to be the oldest known jewellery.

Jewellery may be made from a wide range of materials, but gemstones and similar materials such as amber and coral, precious metals, beads, and shells have been widely used, and enamel has often been important.

Most cultures at some point have had a practice of keeping large amounts of wealth stored in the form of jewellery. Numerous cultures move wedding dowries in the form of jewellery or create jewellery as a means to store or display coins. Alternatively, jewellery has been used as a currency or trade good; an example being the use of slave beads.

Many items of jewellery, such as brooches and buckles, originated as purely functional items, but evolved into decorative items as their functional requirement diminished.

Jewellery can also be symbolic of group membership, as in the case of the Christian crucifix or Jewish Star of David, or of status, as in the case of chains of office, or the Western practice of married people wearing a wedding ring.

Wearing of amulets and devotional medals to provide protection or ward off evil is common in some cultures; these may take the form of symbols (such as the ankh), stones, plants, animals, body parts (such as the Khamsa), or glyphs (such as stylised versions of the Throne Verse in Islamic art).

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"ANCKLETS"

An anklet, also called ankle chain or ankle bracelet, is an ornament worn around the ankle. Barefoot anklets and toe rings historically have been worn for centuries by girls and women in India, where it is commonly known as payal. They have also been worn by Egyptian women since predynastic times. In the United States both casual and more formal anklets became fashionable in the late twentieth century. While in western popular culture both younger men and women may wear casual leather anklets, they are popular among barefoot women. Today, a few western women follow this practice, but rarely in public. More rarely still, some people wear 'permanent' (e.g. soldered-on) ankle chains and even connecting chains.

"TYPES OF ANCKLETS"

Anklets, ankle bracelets, ankle chains worn around the ankle make great presents for friends. Anklets come in many different colours and materials. Popular anklets are made from gold and silver, sometimes with beads and charms attached.

1. Gold Anklets Yellow gold is one of summers colours to treasure all year long. Gold represents wealth and prosperity and inspires individuality and confidence. Wearing Gold Anklets will show off your summer tan long into the winter when you can wear your anklet as a bracelet if desired.

2. Silver Anklets Shimmering Silver Anklets never fail to impress. The subtle glow reminiscent of moonlight invokes luxury, class, fantasy and dreams. People who wear silver anklets have inner confidence, glamour and calming influence. Silver anklets make beautiful gifts.

3. Leather Anklets / Fabric Anklets Tough leather anklets can be wide bands around your ankle, or softer lines made with thinner material. Leather anklets are available in shades of black, brown and grey and other colours that have been dyed. Fabric anklets may be softer to the touch and can be commercially or hand made.

4. Plastic Anklets These bright and colourful anklets are usually cheaper than other anklets that can be worn every day. Plastic anklets can be a stretchy single band around the ankle or embedded with jewels or charms. Plastic anklets sometimes contain a slogan or message and are a popular fashionable jewellery accessory.

5. Bead Anklets Anklets containing strings of beads look delicate and pretty and can accentuate your legs, drawing attention to perfectly painted toe nails. Similar to gemstone anklets, there is a huge choice of shaped beads, different sizes and colours to suit everyone. Choose your favourite colour and youll find a bead anklet to match your personality.

6. Charm Anklets Happy memories are found in charm anklets. Choose star charms, heart charms or charms with your initials. Find a charm anklet with your name or favourite animal. Cat charms and dog charms are popular. Charm anklets make great presents that are easy to post and are thoughtful gifts all year round.

7. Gemstone Anklets Adorn your gold anklets with gorgeous gemstones. Choose the gemstone of your birth month, or the gemstone of your friends birth month if you are giving an anklet as a gift. Topaz is the gemstone for November and topaz looks amazing with a silver anklet as it can be worn day and night, at work and play.

Types of Anklets

As with any other jewelry, price levels for anklets vary dramatically depending on the type, production methods, and materials. They are also an accessory item worn by a broad range of ages, from young girls to sophisticated women. There are thousands of designs and styles available in today's ever-expanding marketplace.

Popular types of anklets include the following:

Beaded - These are often some of the most colorful anklets you can find, and the beading can vary quite a bit. If you're into arts and crafts, this is also an easy type of anklet to make yourself. Just choose your small beads, hearty thread, and a complementary clasp. If you'd prefer to purchase an anklet instead of scouring the craft store for supplies and then sitting down to get to work, visit Rapunzel Gifts, SW Creations, and Etsy.

Simple metal - You can find very simple, unadorned anklets in sterling silver, yellow gold, white gold, nickel, and brass. Simple doesn't mean boring. You can find interesting shapes within the anklets, like the Yellow Gold Mirror Heart Rope Anklet from Sears or the rope anklets on Amazon.com.

Diamond - Ross-Simons has a Pave Diamond Anklet in 14k White Gold for someone who prefers to have diamonds dancing along the whole surface of the ankle.

Gemstone, birthstone, crystal, and cubic zirconia - Anklets are widely available in gemstones and birthstones including turquoise, pearl, and more. You can also find them in crystal or cubic zirconia, which is an option for those who want an anklet for casual wear and don't want to commit to the price of a diamond anklet. You can find birthstone beaded anklets at Gemstone Gifts and Exotic India (where the anklets are generally sold in pairs).

Charm - Wear what you love! These aren't typically as noisy or elaborate as charm bracelets, and most people probably won't want to add too many charms. In many cases, you'll find anklets of this variety with only one charm. You'll also find anklets with strategically placed charms around the circumference. They won't be noisy, but they will be attention-grabbing. Kamar Silver has a selection of charm anklets to choose from. Overstock.com is another place to look.

Shell - If you love the beach and casual, carefree fashion, you may enjoy a shell anklet. In some cases, small shells are threaded to get the look of a beaded anklet. However, others use shells -dangling or completely encompassed- within a hemp anklet. Check Tiki Master, Hawaii City, and Gifts Hawaii.Egypt

Anklets were worn as an everyday ornament by Egyptian women of all social classes in ancient Egypt from as early as predynastic times. The name for anklets was not much different from that of bracelets being menefret (mnfrt) except by adding a phrase to denote connection to the feet. They were made of different metals and in multiple shapes, with more expensive metals like gold being more common among the rich, while less expensive ones like silver and iron more common among lower social classes. During the fourth, fifth, and sixth dynasties, anklets were usually made of beads threaded in several rows held together with spacer-bars. Anklets were also worn by dancers like those shown in the tombs of Kagemni, Ti, and Akh-hotp.[1]

Europe

Bronze anklets are visible as early as the Bronze Age in temperate Europe, in an area roughly along the Danube, in the Alpine foreland, up the Rhine to the Atlantic, and also down the Rhne (Sherratt, 2001). These were found among hoards in these areas, along with other bronze items characteristic of this time (c. 1800 BCE onwards), and are attributable to the Tumulus culture that spread across this region.

South Asia

A first-century CE epic of Tamil literature called Cilappatikaram ("The story of the anklet") dealt with a woman whose husband was killed while trying to sell one of her anklets to a dishonest goldsmith. The anklets are described in great detail in the poem.

Rajasthani women wear the heaviest type of anklets, which are silver and signify tribal adherence. The women wear this for costume jewelry, but also to show their bravery as a tribe against other rival tribes. The fashion for heavy anklets is declining in India now, but is still common in the rural areas.

The word Payal is a word for the anklet in Hindi and Punjabi.

As an ornament

Anklets can be made of silver, gold, and other less precious metals as well as leather, plastic, nylon and other such materials. In the western world anklets or ankle chains are mainly worn by younger females, but some older women also wear them.

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"BANGLES"

Bangles (Nepali: ???? Chura, Bengali: ????? churi, Tamil: ??????, Hindi: ????? Choodi, Template:Lang-marathi,Telugu: ????, Urdu: ???????) are traditional ornaments worn mostly by South Asian women in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is a common tradition to see a new bride wearing glass bangles at her wedding and the honeymoon will end when the last bangle breaks. Bangles also have a very traditional value in Hinduism and it is considered inauspicious to be bare armed for a married woman.

Some men wear a single bangle on the arm or wrist called kada or kara. In Sikhism, the father of a Sikh bride will give the groom a gold ring, a kara (steel or iron bangle), and a mohra.[2] Chooda is a kind of bangle that is worn by Punjabi women on her wedding day. It is a set of white and red bangles with stone work. According to tradition, a woman is not supposed to buy the bangles she will wear.

"Types of bangles"

There are two basic types of bangles: a solid cylinder type; and a split, cylindrical spring opening/closing type. The primary distinguishing factor between these is the material used to make the bangles. This may vary from anything from glass to jade to metal to lac and even rubber or plastic. One factor that adds to the price of the bangles is the artifacts or the work done further on the metal. This includes embroidery or small glass pieces or paintings or even small hangings that are attached to the bangles. The rareness of a color and its unique value also increase the value. Bangles made from lac are one of the oldest ones and among the brittle category too. Lac is clay like material which is molded in hot kilns-like places to make these bangles. Among the recent entrants are the rubber bangles that are worn more like a wrist band by youngsters while the plastic ones are there to add a trendy look. Normally, a bangle worn by people around the world is simply an inflexible piece of jewelry worn around the wrist. However, in many cultures, especially in the South Asia, bangles have evolved into various types in which different ones are used at different occasions.

Types of bangles

There are two basic types of bangles: a solid cylinder type; and a split, cylindrical spring opening/closing type. The primary distinguishing factor between these is the material used to make the bangles. This may vary from anything from glass to jade to metal to lac and even rubber or plastic.

One factor that adds to the price of the bangles is the artifacts or the work done further on the metal. This includes embroidery or small glass pieces or paintings or even small hangings that are attached to the bangle.

The rareness of a color and its unique value also increase the value. Bangles made from lac are one of the oldest ones and among the brittle category too. Lac is clay like material which is molded in hot kilns-like places to make these bangles. Among the recent entrants are the rubber bangles that are worn more like a wrist band by youngsters while the plastic ones are there to add a trendy look.

Normally, a bangle worn by people around the world is simply an inflexible piece of jewelry worn around the wrist.

Profile ...

Since the early 19th Century, our ancestors were amongst the leading non-British jewelers.

After the British Raj was shifted to Delhi, our founder grandfather, Lt. Sambhunath Roy came out to cater the common man. Because of the passion and love of the King families and Babus, our ancestors (The Bengal Jewellery Parivar) settled in the City of Joy (Kolkata) to promote their outstanding ability in making exceptional masterpieces with Gems.

Since then we are still preserving and maintaining ancient tradition in todays design & trends, our blend of Jewelleries cover a wide range of Diamonds, precious stones, Jaroa with rubies, emeralds and pearls in exquisite designs and impeccable craftsmanship truly for connoisseurs.

We have been keeping our service since the last 9 generations through our latest jewellery collection, which is sure to charm your heart & soul.

The sacred ashes of the Father of the Nation (Gandhijee) are kept at the Gandhi Ghat of Barrack pore (West Bengal). We are proud to be associated with it as we were given the responsibility to make it.

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"JEWELLERY & ACCESSORIES"

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DIAMONDS he name diamond is derived from the ancient Greek ad?a? (admas), "proper", "unalterable", "unbreakable", "untamed", from ?- (a-), "un-" + da?? (damo), "I overpower", "I tame". Diamonds are thought to have been first recognized and mined in India, where significant alluvial deposits of the stone could be found many centuries ago along the rivers Penner, Krishna and Godavari. "Synthetics, simulants, and enhancements" Synthetic diamonds are diamonds manufactured in a laboratory, as opposed to diamonds mined from the Earth. The gemological and industrial uses of diamond have created a large demand for rough stones. This demand has been satisfied in large part by synthetic diamonds, which have been manufactured by various processes for more than half a century. However, in recent years it has become possible to produce gem-quality synthetic diamonds of significant size. It is possible to make colorless synthetic gemstones that, on a molecular level, are identical to natural stones and so visually similar that only a gemologist with special equipment can tell the difference.
A diamond simulant is a non-diamond material that is used to simulate the appearance of a diamond, and may be referred to as diamante. Cubic zirconia is the most common. The gemstone Moissanite (silicon carbide) can be treated as a diamond simulant, though more costly to produce than cubic zirconia. Both are produced synthetically A large trade in gem-grade diamonds exists. Unlike other commodities, such as most precious metals, there is a substantial mark-up in the retail sale of gem diamonds.[45] There is a well-established market for resale of polished diamonds (e.g. pawnbroking, auctions, second-hand jewelry stores, diamantaires, bourses, etc.). One hallmark of the trade in gem-quality diamonds is its remarkable concentration: wholesale trade and diamond cutting is limited to just a few locations; in 2003, 92% of the world's diamonds were cut and polished in Surat, India.[46] Other important centers of diamond cutting and trading are the Antwerp diamond district in Belgium, where the International Gemological Institute is based, London, the Diamond District in New York City, Tel Aviv, and Amsterdam. A single company De Beers controls a significant proportion of the trade in diamonds.[47] They are based in Johannesburg, South Africa and London, England. One contributory factor is the geological nature of diamond deposits: several large primary kimberlite-pipe mines each account for significant portions of market share (such as the Jwaneng mine in Botswana, which is a single large pit operated by De Beers that can produce between 12,500,000 carats (2,500 kg) to 15,000,000 carats (3,000 kg) of diamonds per year,[48]) whereas secondary alluvial diamond deposits tend to be fragmented amongst many different operators because they can be dispersed over many hundreds of square kilometers (e.g., alluvial deposits in Brazil).
Diamond enhancements are specific treatments performed on natural or synthetic diamonds (usually those already cut and polished into a gem), which are designed to better the gemological characteristics of the stone in one or more ways. These include laser drilling to remove inclusions, application of sealants to fill cracks, treatments to improve a white diamond's color grade, and treatments to give fancy color to a white.
Early diamond identification tests included a scratch test relying on the superior hardness of diamond. This test is destructive, as a diamond can scratch diamond, and is rarely used nowadays. Instead, diamond identification relies on its superior thermal conductivity. Electronic thermal probes are widely used in the gemological centers to separate diamonds from their imitations. These probes consist of a pair of battery-powered thermistors mounted in a fine copper tip. One thermistor functions as a heating device while the other measures the temperature of the copper tip: if the stone being tested is a diamond, it will conduct the tip's thermal energy rapidly enough to produce a measurable temperature drop. This test takes about 23 seconds. The identification of stolen diamonds presents a set of difficult problems. Determining the provenance of cut and polished stones is much more complex. Most natural diamonds are formed at high temperature and pressure at depths of 140 to 190 kilometers (87 to 118 mi) in the Earth's mantle. Carbon-containing minerals provide the carbon source, and the growth occurs over periods from 1 billion to 3.3 billion years (25% to 75% of the age of the Earth). Diamonds are brought close to the Earth's surface through deep volcanic eruptions by a magma, which cools into igneous rocks known as kimberlites and lamproites. Diamonds can also be produced synthetically in a high-pressure high-temperature process which approximately simulates the conditions in the Earth's mantle. An alternative, and completely different growth technique is chemical vapor deposition. Diamond's hardness has been known since antiquity, and is the source of its name. Diamond hardness depends on its purity, crystalline perfection and orientation: hardness is higher for flawless, pure crystals oriented to the direction (along the longest diagonal of the cubic diamond lattice).[29] Therefore, whereas it might be possible to scratch some diamonds with other materials, such as boron nitride, the hardest diamonds can only be scratched by other diamonds and nanocrystalline diamond aggregates. "Electrical conductivity" Other specialized applications also exist or are being developed, including use as semiconductors: some blue diamonds are natural semiconductors, in contrast to most diamonds, which are excellent electrical insulators.[33] The conductivity and blue color originate from boron impurity. Boron substitutes for carbon atoms in the diamond lattice, donating a hole into the valence band. Substantial conductivity is commonly observed in nominally undoped diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition. This conductivity is associated with hydrogen-related species adsorbed at the surface, and it can be removed by annealing or other surface treatments. "Surface property" Diamonds are naturally lipophilic and hydrophobic, which means the diamonds' surface cannot be wet by water but can be easily wet and stuck by oil. This property can be utilized to extract diamonds using oil when making synthetic diamonds. "Chemical stability" Diamonds are not very reactive. Under room temperature diamonds do not react with any chemical reagents including strong acids and bases. A diamond's surface can only be oxidized a little by just a few oxidants[which?] at high temperature (below 1,000 C). Therefore, acids and bases can be used to refine synthetic diamonds. "Identification" Diamonds can be identified by their high thermal conductivity. Their high refractive index is also indicative, but other materials have similar refractivity. Diamonds cut glass, but this does not positively identify a diamond because other materials, such as quartz, also lie above glass on the Mohs scale and can also cut it. Diamonds can scratch other diamonds, but this can result in damage to one or both stones. Hardness tests are infrequently used in practical gemology because of their potentially destructive nature. The extreme hardness and high value of diamond means that gems are typically polished slowly using painstaking traditional techniques and greater attention to detail than is the case with most other gemstones;[10] these tend to result in extremely flat, highly polished facets with exceptionally sharp facet edges. Synthetics, simulants, and enhancements "Synthetics" Main article: Synthetic diamond Six crystals of cubo-octahedral shapes, each about 2 millimeters in diameter. Two are pale blue, one is pale yellow, one is green-blue, one is dark blue and one green-yellow..Synthetic diamonds of various colors grown by the high-pressure high-temperature technique Synthetic diamonds are diamonds manufactured in a laboratory, as opposed to diamonds mined from the Earth. The gemological and industrial uses of diamond have created a large demand for rough stones. This demand has been satisfied in large part by synthetic diamonds, which have been manufactured by various processes for more than half a century. However, in recent years it has become possible to produce gem-quality synthetic diamonds of significant size.[13] It is possible to make colorless synthetic gemstones that, on a molecular level, are identical to natural stones and so visually similar that only a gemologist with special equipment can tell the difference.[98] The majority of commercially available synthetic diamonds are yellow. Untitled Document "JEWELLERY & ACCESSORIES" Email or phone search EARRINGS An earrings is a piece of jewellery attached to the ear via a piercing in the earlobe or another external part of the ear.Earrings are worn by both sexesalthough more common among women,and have been used bye different civilizations in different times.common locations for piercingsother than the earlobe,include the rook,tragus,and across the helix "ear piercings usually refers to an earlobe piercings,wheras piercings in the upper part of the external ear reerred to as"cartilage piercings". Earrings piercings is one of the oldest known forms of body modification,with artistic and written references from cultures around the world datings back to early history.early evidence of earrings worn by men can be seen in archeological evidence from persepolis in ancient persia.The carved images of soldiers of the persian mpire,displayed on some of the surviving walls of the place, show them wearings an earing.earrings became fashionable among courtiers and gentlemen in the 1590s durings the english renaissance. In addition ,it is commonly held that a gold earrings was worn by sailors in payments for a proper burial in the event that they might drown at sea.should their bodies have been washed up on shore,it was hope that the earring would serve as payment for"a proper burial regardless of this expression, the practice predates christianity and can be traced back as far a ancient greece where the gold paid the ferryman,charon,to provide passage across the river styx to hades.
The practice of wearing earrings was a tradition for ainu men and women ,but the government of meiji japan forbade ainu men to wear earrings in the late 19th century.
By the late 1950s or 1960s the practice re-emerged,but since a large commercial market did not exist ,most ear piercings were done at home.
"Clip-on and other non-pierced earrings" "Clip-on earrings" Clip-on earrings have existed longer than any other variety of non-pierced earrings. The clip itself is a two-part piece attached to the back of an earring. The two pieces closed around the earlobe, using mechanical pressure to hold the earring in place. "Magnetic earrings" Magnetic earrings simulate the look of a (pierced) stud earring by attaching to the earlobe with a magnetic back that hold the earring in place on by magnetic force. "Stick-on earrings " Stick-on earrings are adhesive-backed items which stick to the skin of the earlobe and simulate the look of a (pierced) stud earring. They are considered a novelty item. "Spring hoop earrings" Spring hoops are almost indistinguishable from standard hoop earrings and stay in place by means of spring force.
Types of earrings "Stud earrings"- The main characteristic of stud earrings is the appearance of floating on the ear or earlobe without a visible (from the front) point of connection. Studs are invariably constructed on the end of a post, which penetrates straight through the ear. The post is held in place by a removable friction back or clutch. Occasionally, the stud earring is constructed so that the post is threaded, allowing a screw back to securely hold the earring in place. "Hoop earrings" - Hoop earrings are circular or semi-circular in design, and look very similar to a ring. They are often constructed of metal tubing, with a thin wire attachment penetrating the ear. The hollow tubing is permanently attached to the wire at the front of the ear, and slips into the tube at the back.
"Dangle earrings" - Dangle earrings are designed to flow from the bottoms of the earlobes, and are available in various lengths from a centimeter or two, all the way to brushing the shoulders.
"Huggy earrings"- Huggies are a popular style of earring where the setting actually 'hugs' your earlobe. These can come in different shapes and sizes, from hearts to rectangles. Many custom jewelers make huggy earrings because of the many varieties of setting that can be used to make a good template for their craft.[citation needed] Most times, stones are channel set in huggy earrings.
"Slave earrings" - The slave earring is also called a "Bajoran earring", which became highly popular after it appeared on Star Trek.
"Ear ThreadEar Thread " - Or Earthreader, Ear String, Threader, a chain that is thin enough to slip into the ear hole, and come back out, dangles. Sometimes, people add beads or other materials on to the chain, so the chain dangles. Untitled Document Email or phone search NECKLACE "A necklace is an article of jewellery which is worn around the neck".Necklaces are frequently formed from a metal jewellery chain.others are woven or manufactured from cloth using string or twine. Neclaces have been an integral part of jewellery since th etime of ancient civilizations and pre-date the invention of writing.necklaces are believed to be as old as 40,000 years,during the stone age.The oldest necklaces were made of purely natural materials-before weaving and the invention of string,durable vines or pieces of animals sinew left over from hunts were tied together and adorned with shells bones or teeth or colourful,corals,carved pieces of wood,colorful seeds or stones or naturally occuring gems,or other beautiful or artful natural found nearby.cloth working and metalworking greatly expanded the range of jewellery available to humans.twine and string enabled the development of smaller, more durables, more intricate necklaces. After the bronze age began and humans discovered how to melt metal and cast it into shapes,bronze,coper,silver,gold,electrum,platinum and a variety of others metals were used to make eye-catching necklaces for both mn and women and metal chains became possible.gemcutting and glassblowing allowed faceted and highly polished gemstones and/or beautiful art glass to be added to pieces.In the modern era, a variety of new metals are avialable for necklaces that earlier generations could not property melt until high- temperature crucibles were developed. necklace Types of necklaces Girl wearing a necklace. This type of metal fashion necklace is common in Europe and the Americas. Necklace with pearls By length Women's necklaces are often classified by length. Choker 35 centimetres (14 in) to 41 centimetres (16 in) long and sits high on the neck. Princess necklace A princess necklace is 45 centimetres (18 in) to 50 centimetres (20 in) long, longer than a choker, but shorter than a matinee. Matinee necklace A matinee length necklace is 56 centimetres (22 in) to 58 centimetres (23 in) long - typically a single strand that rests at the top of the cleavage. Opera necklace An opera necklace is 75 centimetres (30 in) to 90 centimetres (35 in) long and sits at the breastbone. Rope necklace A rope necklace is any necklace longer than opera length.Lariat necklace A lariat is a very, very long variation on the rope, without a clasp, often worn draped multiple times around the neck; the ends can be crossed over, looped, or knotted in various ways. This type of necklace sometimes incorporates a loop at one or both ends to allow it to be worn in the style of a lasso, or it may be worn doubled over with the ends passed through the loop formed in the middle. History of necklaces Necklaces have been an integral part of jewelry since the time of ancient civilizations and pre-date the invention of writing. Necklaces are believed to be as old as 40,000 years, during the Stone Age. The oldest necklaces were made of purely natural materials - before weaving and the invention of string, durable vines or pieces of animal sinew left over from hunts. Untitled Document RINGS:rings are available in many different styles,and these jewelry styles are defined in a variety of ways.Modern rings have different fashion definitions than antiquerings.when you are shopping,it can be very helpful to know how pieces of jewelry are defined.
Product detail:
product code:lgr050
Product type:GOLD RING
Product for:female
Gold ct:22kt
PRODUCT PRICE:19620/-

Product detail:
product code:lgr051
Product for:female
Gold ct:22kt

Product detail:
product code:lgr056
Product for:female
Gold ct:22kt
weight:17.85gms
COMMON RING TERMS:
1.band and shank:
The round section of the ring that fits around the ring finger is called both the band and shank.The shank sometimes refers to the rings section on either side of the centre setting.
2.Gallery: The gallery is the underside of a ring that fits over the top of the finger.A large or domed ring often has a hollow gallery to allow more room for gemstones and fingers.
3.Comfort fit: A comfort-fit band has a contoured inner surface,which means less of the band surface touches the skin and the ring is more comfortable to wear.The design slides easily on the finger;it is a good option for anyone not used to wearing a ring.for a better fit,the next smaller ring size is suggested.
4.Bezel: A bezel ring-setting features a metal rim that fits around the genstones at the circumference to securely hold it in place;the gem appears to be sitting in a cup.
5.channel: The channel ring-setting features a groove in a metal band that holds a row of stones between two parallel bars.
6.flush: similar to the bezel setting,the flush ring-setting has the stones set dep into the band in order to maintain a level surface.
7.Invisible: The invisible setting showcases several rows of stones without metal bars or prongs to interrupt the pattern.
8.pave: This setting uses small prongs to secure many gemstones in a pattern,and each prong touches at least three stones.
Product detail:
product code:lgr054
Product for:female
Gold ct:22kt
weight:4.5gms

Product detail:
product code:lgr058
Product for:female
Gold ct:22kt
weight:15.85gms

Product detail:
product code:lgr059
Product for:male
Gold ct:22kt
RINGS Collections - Diamond (Rings Collection) ... Few Samples are shown here. We make customize ornaments also as per ORDER BASIS The most sought after gem in the world is DIAMOND. It was first mined & discovered in India in 500 B.C. A Diamond is valued using the 4 Cs: CUT, CLARITY, COLOUR & CARAT weight. Cut: Brilliant cut diamond has 64 facets or more. Brilliant diamonds are said to reflect the best spectrum of light. Diamonds also have different shapes like: princess, pear, marquise, etc. The brilliance of a diamond depends on its cut. But, a diamond cut does not mean the same thing as diamond shape. Clarity: Since diamond is formed naturally, they might have certain black spots (known as inclusions) in them.The clearer the stone the more expensive it is and vice versa. Hence the choice of a diamond with no inclusions is always considered the best. Colour: Diamonds, again as naturally formed, do come in different colours like: black, pink, yellow, blue etc. A clear coloured diamond is also very expensive. But the most commonly used diamond is white in colour. For your reference, the prince of Pink Diamond might go higher than white Diamond. Carat Weight: Basically, the bigger the stone is, the more expensive it will be. Although a cluster setting may look bigger but if its carat weight is the same as the solitaire, the solitaire will be more expensive as a rule.

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