BS 536STUDIES ON TALL BUILDINGS: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Fall 2013-2014

Case Study: Jin Mao Towerby

Ehsan Markazi

Submitted to: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Mehmet Halis GnelAssoc.Prof.Dr. Ali Murat Tanyer

MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE / BUILDING SCIENCE PROGRAM

METUTU

e StEhsSubmitted to: Assoc.P

oc.Prof.

BS536S: DESIGN CONSIDERAT

013-2014

n Mao Tow

kazi

PROGRAM JIN MAOTOWER Official Name : Jin Mao Building Former Name: Jin MaoTower Location: Shanghai, China Building function: Hotel / Office Architectural height: 420.5 meter Architectural occupied: 348.4 Floors above the ground: 88 Status: Completed Completion: 1999 Architect: Adrian D, Smith from Skidmore Owing, and Merril Structural engineer: Stanton Korista Structural system:

1. Taranath: Mega frame with super columns2. Smith: outrigger braced system3. Oral Buyukozturk: Core and outrigger system

Case Study: Jin Mao Tower by Ehsan MarkaziSubmitted to: Gnel, Tanyer Fall 2013

METU

cugrous: CompCompletion: 199

tect an D

Structural etruc

BS536ice

0.5 meter

48.4

MET

36Project Awards

2001 AIA National Honor Award for Interior Architecture 2001 AIA Chicago Chapter Interior Architecture Award: Honor

Award

2001 AIA Chicago Chapter Divine Detail Award: Special Recognition 2001 World Architecture World Architecture Award: Asia Category,

Finalist

1999 Institution of Structural Engineers Structural Special Award 1998 Structural Engineers Association of Illinois Best Structure

Award

1995 ASHRAE Illinois Chapter Excellence in Engineering

https://www.som.com/project/jin mao towerMETU

onStru Engward 1995 RAE llino

BS536

r Architecture

tecture Award on

vine Detail Award: Spe

ure World ure

tura ngin

Assoc

The Concept

Head architect Adrian D, Smith fromSikdmore, Owings, and Merril, and headengineer Stanton Korista, also forSkidmore, Owings, and Merril, lead thedesign process from 1993 until completionin 1998. Over 30 architects and engineersworked on the project. Jin Mao towerevokes the architecture of the traditionalChinese pagoda by creating a rhythmicpattern growing in height. The proportionof the building revolves around the number8. In Buddhism 8 is a lucky number,associated with prosperity, economy, goldand trade.

88 floors

Octagonal core

8 mega columns

8 super columns

8 sided exterior at the tophttp://www.the art minute.com/just a second pagodaME

TU n hng revolvesBuddhism 8 isociated with prosperit

nd trade

ors

Octagonal c

meg

8

BSetion

inen Mao tower

of the tradting a rhythmic

The proportd the num

y n

536

http:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shopping_by_the_Jin_Mao_Tower.JPGhttp://www.smartshanghai.com/venue/458/The_Grand_Hyatt_Shanghai_shanghai

The Jin Mao Tower is amultiuse space with123,000m square of officespace, a shopping mall, afood court, severalrestaurants, conference andbanquet facilities,nightclubs, parking for 600cars and 7500 bikes, and ahotel.

MET

BSd a

36VerticalTransportation

There are 61 elevators inJin MaoTower.

Office zones are servicedby 26 elevators in fivezones.

A hotel express shuttleelevator bay

An observation deckserved by 2 elevators, 10service elevators,

7 sets of escalators forpodium

10 elevators for the hotel

elevator riser diagram planMETUTU

n2 elevatorse eleva7 sets of escalators fpodium

vato

B536

http://www math.mit.edu/~rstan/photos/asia/2006/lobby.jpg

The buildings major tenant isthe five star, 555 roomShanghai Grand Hyatt hotelwhich occupies floors 53 to 87.The Hyatts barrel vaultedatrium starts at the 53th floorand extends upwards to the87th.

The tower has an aspect ratioof 8:1 when considering thefull building height ( 7:1 to thelast fully occupied floor).

The following page is a sectiondiagram of the function ofeach level. There is a lobby,five different office zones, adouble height mechanicallevel, and hotel. These all sitnext to a six level podiumbuilding.METU

ghtoccupied floo

e following page is adiagram of the funceach level. There is

ifferdouble h

el,nextb

BSct ratg thethe36

M

Structural system

The composite structural system forthe Jin Mao tower was designed toresist typhoon winds and earthquakeforces and accommodate poor soilconditions while providing a veryslender tower to be fully occupied foroffice and hotel uses.

the structure of the tower includes anoctagonal central reinforced concretecore, linked to the eight mega columnsmade of reinforced concrete bystructural steel outrigger trusses, andeight steel built up super columns, allresting on a 4m thick, reinforcedconcrete, pile supported mat

A structure should be designed,engineered and constructed to interactharmoniously with the mostunpredictable of naturalenvironments.

Mark SarkisianMETU

he ef reinforce

tural steel outrigight steel bui sup

resting on a 4m thete, suppor

A structuineered

harmun

BSeryfor

wer includerced concrete

ega columnncrete

sses

536Core

The core houses the primarybuilding service functions,including elevators,mechanical fan rooms forHVAC services, andwashrooms.

It is nominally 27 m deep withflanges varying in thicknessfrom 850 mm at the top offoundations to 450 mm atlevel 87 with concretestrength varying from c60 toc40. Four 450 mm thickinterconnecting core webwalls exist throughout theoffice levels with no webwalls on the hotel levels,creating an atrium with atotal height of 205 m whichleads in to aspire.METU

at tons to 45087 with co

strength varying fromc40. Four 450 mm

onnecting cowalls existoffice levewallscre

Bp witnessoft536

The central area of the core is openwithout webs from level 53 to level 87 ortypically through the hotel floors creatingan atrium which leads into the spire withtotal atrium height of approximately 206meters

The concrete strength for the core variesfrom c60 to c40.

http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ang chaj_chuan %C4%8Dchiou_%C5%A5in %C5%BEung_%C4%8Dung sinTHE JIN MAOTOWER: XU TENG,YUE WANG, FEI HUANG, JIAYU CHEN, MENGYUAN ZHANG

MET

BS536var

OUTRIGGERTRUSS

Provides resistance of lateralloads through a centralreinforced concrete shearwall core interconnectedwith composite megacolumns. The concrete coreis connected to thecomposite mega columnson the perimeter usingoutrigger trusses.

The outrigger trusses arelocated between levels 24and 26, between level 51 and53 and between level 85 and87.

THE JIN MAOTOWER: XU TENG,YUE WANG, FEI HUANG, JIAYU CHEN, MENGYUAN ZHANGME

TU egaeteer truhe outrigger trusses

located between leve6, between leve

53 and bet87

Bcoreth

mnsg

536 The outrigger trusses between levels 85

& 87 engage the 3 dimensional structuralsteel cap truss system.

The cap truss system which frames thetop of the building between level 87 andthe spire is used to:

1. span over the open core

2. Support the gravity load of heavymechanical spaces

3. Engage the structural steel spire

4. Resist lateral loads above the top of thecentral core wall / composite megacolumn system.

Smith,2007METUTU

graces

ge the structural

Resist lateral loads abocentral core wall /

mn system.

BBS536s thhe87 a

e

oad of he

pire

MEGA COLUMN

The composite mega columns varyfrom 1500mm x 5000mm at thefoundation , to 1000mm x 3500mmat level 87

The concrete strength for megacolumns vary from c60 to c40

METU

Ustrom c BS

536ryex 3500mmfor mega40

Composite structural steelwide flanged beams andbuild up trusses are used toframe typical floors

Korista 1995METU

BSand

used to

6

Concrete strengths and sizes of compositemega columns and central core

Korista 1995METU

S536

Tower structural system elevation

Korista 1995ME

6 Pinned joint The clue to control building

behavior resided with theoutrigger trusses using pinnedjoints.

The trusses could be erectedduring the normal constructionprocess allowing the membersto act as mechanisms forspecified period of time thenallowing full bolting occur forpermanent service. Allowingthe trusses to act asmechanisms for extendedperiod of time duringconstruction greatly reducesthe imposed loads on very stiffoutrigger truss members dueto relative movements.

http://vww.mtb.free.fr/mtb2006jin_mao.htmlME

TUmal c

allowing theact as mechani

specified period of timallowing full bolting o

anent servicethe trus

smperioco

BS536nned

rectedction

ers

Pinned joint detail

vww.mtb.free.fr/mtb2006jin_mao.html

S536

level 1 plan level 25 plan

Drawn by Ehsan Markazi

Korista 1995METU

le an BS536

Structural system view of level 1

Structural system view of level 24 26

Drawn by Ehsan MarkaziMETUU

BS536

level 52 plan level 86 plan

Drawn by Ehsan Markazi

Korista 1995METU

le lan BS536

Structural system view of levels 51 53

Structural system view of levels 85 87Drawn by Ehsan Markazi

Structural syy BS536

fof llevels

General view of the structural system Drawn by Ehsan MarkaziME

6

Drawn by Ehsan MarkaziMET

6Curtain wall

Thermal expansion/contractionand movement joints fulfill theexterior wall performancerequirements fromtemperature change between10 to +40 degrees. The designtemperature for Jin Mao toweris 21 degrees Celsius.

Unitized curtain walls involvefactory fabrication, assembly ofpanels, and glazing. Unlike astick system, the unitizedsystem is used mostly on largeprojects. Completed units arehung on the building structureto form the building enclosure.Mechanical handling is requiredto position, align and fix theunits onto pre positionedbrackets attached to thestructure or concrete floor http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/jinmao/jinmao2.jpgMETU

n wbrication, as, and glazing.tick system, thesystem is used mostly

cts. Completedhung on tto form theMechto p

BSsign

o tower

volvy of

a

536 Some of the advantages of this

system are:

1. Ability to assembling units inin workshop with highprecision,

2. lower field installation costsas units can be carried out inparallel with building work toshorten construction period,

3. quality control within aninterior climate controlledenvironment

4. . Interlocking male andfemale profiles provide goodresistance to typical floordeflections of 20mm anddifferential settlement of8mm per 4 stories.

THE JIN MAOTOWER: XU TENG,YUE WANGMETU

builducti

uality con thininte lima ntrnvironment

erloe p

rede

Bn costout nork tood,36

references THE JIN MAOTOWER: XUTENG,YUE WANG, FEI HUANG, JIAYU CHEN, MENGYUAN ZHANGA COMPREHENSIVE CASE STUDY OFTHE BUILDING SYSTEM INTERGRATION OF: Jin MaoTowerProfessor Michael Kyong il Kim, Ph.D Katharine Bayer. Matt Cho. Wendy Li. Mulugeta WoldgeorgisSpring 2010 Champaign Urbana, Illinois

Jin MaoTowers Influence on Chinas New Inovative Talll Buildings, CTBUHTechnical Paper, Sarkisian,Mathias, Long, Mazeika, Gordon, Chakar, 2006

The architecture of Adrian Smith, SOM,Towards a Sustainable Future,2007http://www.emporis.com/building/jinmaotower shanghai china Jin MaoTowers Influence on Chinas New Inovative Talll Buildings, CTBUHTechnical Paper, Sarkisian,Mathias, Long, Mazeika, Gordon, Chakar, 2006

Jin MaoTowers Unique structural system, CTBUH technical paper, Korista, Sarkisan M, Abdelrazaq A1995

''http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/jinmao/jinmao2.jpghttp://vww.mtb.free.fr/mtb2006jin_mao.htmlhttp://www math.mit.edu/~rstan/photos/asia/2006/lobby.jpghttp://www.the art minute.com/just a second pagodahttp:// commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shopping_by_the_Jin_Mao_Tower.JPG

http://www.smartshanghai.com/venue/458/The_Grand_Hyatt_Shanghai_shanghai

http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ang chaj_chuan %C4%8Dchiou_%C5%A5in%C5%BEung_%C4%8Dung sin

vww.mtb.free.fr/mtb2006jin_mao.htmlhttps://www.som.com/project/jin mao tower 1 50 ( reference for dimensions of plans)http://bbs.co188.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=10649450 1 50 )METU

U/build

mtb.free.fr/mtb2006j

www math.mit.edu/~rstan/

ttp://www minute.com/ju

htt ommons.wikimedia.org/

http://www.smar

//sk.%C5%BE

vww

BS536

HAN

OF: Ma TowerMulugeta Woldgeo

CTBUH chnical Paper, Sarkisian,

nabl ture,2007

anghai hina

ve Talll Buildings, CTBUHTechn, 2006

ystem, UH er,r Ko

ao/jinmao2.jp

ml