Building Energy Efficiency and RenewableBuilding Energy Efficiency and RenewableEnergy Experience in South KoreaEnergy Experience in South Korea

Index

• Background• Planning Effort Change• South Korea’s Renewable Energy

Policy (Spatial Policy)• Renewable Energy with Unilateral

CDM• The Case of Sosabeol• Discipline of the Case

Background • Previously, Planning deals with Environment,

Economy, Equity • At this point, Environment is more likely to be

preservation, at most environment industry for preventing air and water pollution

• Recently, Energy Crisis & Climate Change causes Environment & Economy Connection

• Environmental Energy Development brings about Equity in certain level through providing new industry

Planning Effort Change in Energy Matter

• Previously, Energy matter was dealt with preservation or energy saving through urban design such as urban grid and compact city (Ewing, etc)

• Recently, Environmental Energy development makes planning field to energy producer through developing solar, bio, wind energy

South Korea’s Renewable Energy Policy Change

• ‘The Second Renewable Energy Plan for the Technology Development, Usage, and Dissemination’ 2003.12

- 10 years Plan(2003~2012) - Year 2002, the proportion of renewable energy

in consumption is only 1.4%, Year 2011, 5%(the proportion of electric generation is 7%)

- Year 2002, most of renewable energy is composed of waste disposal(93.5%), Year 2011, 56.54% portion of other renewable energy getting up

Spatial Dissemination Policy

• Until 2005, spatial policy for the renewable energy dissemination was not existent

• In 2006, the Ministry of Industrial and Resource joins to subside building Renewable Energy Town by Korea Land corporation, and now planning

• In 2007, the Ministry of Finance and Economy designated two ‘renewable energy special zone’ in Yeongdeok and Taean

Sosabeol in Pyongtack

Public Development of Renewable Energy City

TaeAn

Renewable Energy Special Zone

Yeongdeok

Renewable Energy Special Zone

Recent Designation of Renewable Energy SpaceRecent Designation of Renewable Energy Space

Renewable Energy with CDM

• CDM was previously related to industrial production and Climate Change (environment)

• It is much dominant in production matter (electric power company or chemical company)

• Now, imminent crisis of climate change encourages the CDM to consumer side effort

• In particular, the appearance of unilateral CDM in 2005.2 enables each country to develop its own CDM projects to acquire CERs which is money (The Connection of Environment and Economy)

3.Transaction of CERs

4.Money

non-Annex I states

non-Annex I states Annex I statesAnnex I states

The 18th meeting of UNFCCC EB in 2005 UNFCCC EBNon-Annex I (developing countries) can do their own

unilateral CDM projects

UNFCCC(CDM EB)UNFCCC(CDM EB)

1.registration

2.CERs

The Advantage of Unilateral CDM

• open the way to developing countries to acquire own CERs (accomplishing World environment economy)

• create entrepreneur and consumer participation over the diplomacy (enabling individual participation)

• contribute to technology and knowledge development of renewable energy and reduction of CO2

The Advantage of Unilateral CDM

• open the way to developing countries to acquire own CERs (accomplishing World environment economy)

• create entrepreneur and consumer participation over the diplomacy (enabling individual participation)

• contribute to technology and knowledge development of renewable energy and reduction of CO2

247

102

79 85

17 14 9 9 10 9 6 5 10

55

0

50

100

150

200

250

# o

f R

eg

iste

red

CD

M

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70Million ton

Th

e A

mo

un

t o

f C

ER

s (

CO

2 /

yr

)

• Source : CDM statistics (http://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/index.html) 2007.06.08

• Other : the 23 states that the registered number of CDM is under 4 (Moroco, Nepal, Egypt, etc.)

# of Registered CDM and Yearly Average CERs by State# of Registered CDM and Yearly Average CERs by State

Registered CDM Projects in R.O.K.

• 320,000 CO2t/yr

• 7year (Flexible)

Tidal Plant CDM

Windmill CDM• 150,000 CO2t/yr

• 10year (fixed)

• 10,000 CO2t/yr

• 7year (Flexible)

• 500 CO2t/yr

• 10year (fixed)

• 8,700 CO2t/yr

• 7year (Flexible)

Small Water Power CDM II

• 1.2 mil. CO2t/yr

• 7year (Flexible)

Hucams N2O Reduction

Hanhwa N2O• 280,000 CO2t/yr

• 7year (Flexible)

Garbage Reclaim CDM • 121 mil. CO2t/yr

• 10year (fixed)

• 30,000 CO2t/yr

• 10year (fixed)

Fuel Change CDM

• 21,000 CO2t/yr

• 10year(fixed)

Namdong Small Water Power

Ulsan Chemical HFC • 9.15 Mil. CO2t/yr

• 7year(Flexible)

Rodia N2O• 1.4 mil. CO2t/yr

• 10year(fixed)

Yongduk Windmill CDM• 60,000 CO2t/yr

• 7year (Flexible)

Small Water Power CDM I

Donghae Solar Cell CDM

YangYang CDM

• 8,600 CO2t/yr

• 7year (Flexible)

• Reduction CO2t/yr

• Approval Period(7,10)

Project Name

Urban Adopt of Renewable Energy with CDM

The City of Renewable EnergyThe City of Renewable EnergySosabeol, in PyeongtaekSosabeol, in Pyeongtaek

Renewable Source Natural Condition

Applying

Solar Cell(thermal)

Amount of sun shining per day in Sosabeol is average in South K. o

Geothermal

200m Underground, 18-20℃geothermal energy available

o

Fuel Cell

LPG(Liquefied petroleum Gas), LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas) etc, if technology available, other fuel cell is more desirable

o

Circumstances of Renewable Energy in SosabeolCircumstances of Renewable Energy in Sosabeol

The Possibility of Renewable Energy in Construction sectorThe Possibility of Renewable Energy in Construction sector

OTheme Park

OOSymbolic Tower

OOOPublic Office

OOOSchool

Public FacilitySector

OMulti

Family

OOSingle Family Housing

Sector

Fuel CellGeother

malSolar

ThermalSolar CellConstruction Sector

• Number of Housing Unit : 743

• Size

Solar Cell : 20 ㎡ /unit(14,860 ㎡ )

Solar thermal : 6 ㎡ /unit( 8,916 ㎡ )

• Yearly Production

electricity : 1,790MWh/y (64%)

Heating : 2,006MWh/y (10%)

Single Family HousingSingle Family Housing

• Number of Housing Unit : 14,175

• Size of

- Solar Cell : 2 ㎡ /unit

• Yearly Production of Electricity

: 3,415MWh/y (5.7%)

Multi-family HousingMulti-family Housing

• Number of School : 9

- elementary 4, middle 3, high 2

• Size of

- Solar Cell : 2,100 ㎡ (electricity 5%)

- Solar Thermal : 498 ㎡ (Heating 50%)

- Geothermal : 1,546RT (cooling and

Heating 100%)

• Yearly Production of

- Electricity : 254MWh/y

- Heating : 9,769MWh/y

School School

• Area of Facility : 58,588 ㎡

• Size of

- Solar Cell : 5,160 ㎡ (electricity 5%)

- Solar Thermal : 1,073 ㎡ (heating 50%)

- Geothermal : 2,872RT (cooling &

heating 100%)

• Yearly Production

- electricity : 622MWh/y

- heating : 17,993MWh/y

Public FacilityPublic Facility

• Energy Plan

- Supplying Solar Cell Energy for Total

8km Park Street Lamp

• Size of

- Solar Cell : 1,450 ㎡

• Yearly Production of

- electricity : 175MWh/y(100%)

Theme ParkTheme Park

• Area of Building : 7,070 ㎡

• Size of

- Solar Cell : 686 ㎡

- Fuel Cell : 250kW

• Yearly Production of

- electricity : 1,141MWh/y (50%)

- Heating : 973MWh/y (100%)

Symbolic TowerSymbolic Tower

total667

($70mil.)4,36939,721

452332,7136,030m22,713MWh/ySolar

Thermal

1812,46328,6384,418RT(3,550)

28,638MWh/yGeother

mal

079973222kW91.9% of

Electric EnergyFuel Cell

heating

202331,058242kWel1,058MWh/yFuel Cell

4211,3616,3395,261kWp52,614m2Solar Cellelec

tricity

Cost(100million won)

TOE/yMWh/yOutput Energy/ Area

Size

Construction Size and Cost of Renewable EnergyConstruction Size and Cost of Renewable Energy

※ Dissemination Proportion of Renewable Energy 5.17% (Total demand of Energy : 95,374TOE) - government Objective in 2011: 5% (Solar Cell, Solar thermal, Geothermal, fuel Cell : 0.36%)

Generation

(MWh/yr)

CO2Reduction

(CO2 t/yr)

Estimated Profit(Mil.

Won/yr)

Renewable

Energy

Solar Cell 6,339 3,922 71

Solar Thermal 2,713 1,679 30

Geothermal

28,638(21,480)

13,292 239

Fuel Cell 2,031 1,257 23

Total 39,721 20,150363

($382,000/yr)

■ The Calculating method of CO2 Reduction and Estimated Profit

    ☞ Source : UNFCCC and the Ministry of Industrial and Resource(ROK)

◆ CO2 Reduction(CO2t/y) = Generation(MWh/y)×EM(CO2t/MWh)

※ EM(Emission Multiplier) : 0.6188 CO2t/MWh

 ◆ Sell Price of CERs(won) = CO2 Reduction(CO2t)×15 €/CO2t×1200won/€

The Provisional Amount of The Provisional Amount of CO2 Reduction, and BenefitReduction, and Benefit

Planning Period and ProfitPlanning Period and Profit

• Phase I : Year 2007~8, UNFCCC Registration Beginning Construction Year ’08~’10 Renewable Energy Facility Year ’10~’14

• Phase II : Year 2014~2035 (21 years)

• Total Profit = 363 mil * 21years = 6,888 million Won ($7.3

million)

* Registration to UNFCC: 7 year 3 times

Discipline of Soabeol Case

• Urban Spatial Policy : New Town• Unilateral CDM causes creative urban

renewable energy production system• Likewise, renewable energy cooperation

for North Korea should be changed from Humanitarian aid to Self-Sufficiency of Energy by International Cooperation through both bi-lateral and unilateral CDM

• Application of Spatial Energy Cooperation in N.K. Region through creating a renewable energy special zone