Chapter-6 Construction Process6.1SiteSurveyingand Preparation6.2ArrangementofFacilities and Shops/o! "ayout6.#$aterial %andling System6.&Financial$anagement and Cash'o( $anagement6.1 Site Surveying and Preparation)hile e*ecuting design and dra(ing at +rst, the engineer has to lay outthedesignsanddra(ingonthegroundtostartphysically !uildinguptheproposeddesignandplan.-hisis(hatismeant site surveying and preparation in the e*ecution stage. -he site engineer has to mo!ili.e a large num!ers of craft people, heavy e/uipment, stac0 materials and set up an o1ce to e*ecute all of them. -herefore, during site surveying, the engineer has to allocatespaces,servicesandfacilitiestothepeopleinvolvedin the construction. At the same time safety during construction has to !e paid attentions.-emporaryservicesarenecessarytoe*ecutetheconstruction (or0.-emporaryservicesincludetemporaryo1ces,electricity, telecommunication,road(ays2accessroad3,drin0ing(ater, sanitation system etc. Also,heavyandcostliere/uipmentandconstructionmaterials shouldalso!eallocatedspacesinandaroundthesiteo1ceso that no part of the e/uipment, materials or any other !e stolen or !ro0en !y outsiders. Continued--he engineer also needs to thin0 a!out the disposal of thede!risgeneratedfromtheconstruction.4nroad construction,e*cavatedearthhasto!edisposed properly (ithout distur!ing the environment. )hilesettingtemporaryo1ce,theengineershould considerfunctiona!ility(ithinandaroundthesite o1ce to avoid delay in any (or0 !eing carried out.4nsitesurveyingtheengineerlayoutcenterlinesand sidesoftheproposedroad,andsearchesreference pointsand!enchmar0ssetpreviouslytocarryout laying e*actly as in the design and dra(ings.Similarly,cornerpro+lesare+*edforcenterlinesof (allsin!uildingsites.5enchmar0sarealso esta!lished for carrying out levels of the !uildings so thatrelativelevelsofotherstructuresandfacilities can!edetermined.-hosepaintsshould!e maintainedthroughouttheconstructionperioduntil the construction completes.6.2 Arrangement of Facilities and Shops/o! "ayoutFacilitiesre/uiredforthesitemay!etheresourcesas re/uired in the site. -hose include manpo(er, machines, andmaterials.Amongthese,manpo(eristhe+rstto consider,forhumans(or0(iththeirmind.-hose humans are laid out according to their +eld of (or0. 4t is usuallycalledanorgani.ation,in(hichtheperformers andthecontrollercomefacetofacetosolvethe pro!lems in time. -hemaino!6ectiveofconstructionmanagementisto e*ecutetheconstructionpro6ectinane1cientmanner toaccomplishthe(or0economically.Construction pro6ectinvolvesfrompro6ect!eginningtoits accomplishment.-herefore,constructionmanagement (or0involvesfrompro6ectinceptiontocompletionand utility start up. -he ma6or o!6ectives can !e summari.ed as follo(s-Continued--to complete the work in time,toexecutetheworkwithinallocatedbudget economically,toexecutetheworkatanticipatedquality standard,toexecutetheworkinanon-dispute environment, andTo maintain the environment at balance.Factors to !e considered in preparing 6o! layout1.Access to site7 -here should !e entrance/e*it to site. 5eside, there should !e a trac0 on the site for easy and e1cient movement of all site tra1c (ith economic distance.2.Storage of materials7 Cement !ags should !e stac0ed in raised platform covering (ith (ater proo+ng materials. 4t should !e 0ept #8 cm a(ay from the (all and stac0 shall normally contain 12 !ags.5ric0s tiles and concrete !loc0s are stac0ed at ground level (ith ma*imum ht. of 2m.Aggregate are stac0ed on a clean hard surface in stac0s of 2m92m98.:m.4n'amma!le/;*plosive materialsmust !e stac0ed separately from other com!usti!le material especially protected from +re ha.ards.