john macarthur - trec - november 2015 event on e-bikes
TRANSCRIPT
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E-BIKES: POWER YOUR COMMUTE
John MacArthurSustainable Transportation Program ManagerTREC at Portland State University
Drive Oregon Monthly Event – Nov. 11, 2015
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Presentation Outline• Why do e-bikes matter?• What is an e-bike?• Kaiser Permanente Pilot Project
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WHY DO E-BIKES MATTER?
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US Transport Sector Impacts
Safety
▪ 32,788 fatalities in 2010 (-3% from 2009)▪ 1.09 fatalities per 100 MVMT (VMT +0.7% in 2010)▪ 2.2 M injuries in 2009▪ 5.3 M crashes in 2011▪ $230 B total cost (including medical)▪ Leading cause of death for ages 4 to 34
Accessibility, Reliability and Mobility
▪ 4.8B hours travel delay (34 hours/auto commuter)▪ $121 billion cost of urban congestionHousehold Expense▪ Second biggest monthly expense, after housingEnvironmental▪ 28% of GHG emissions (78% CO, 58% NO
x, 36% VOCs)
▪ 29% of energy consumed (mostly petroleum)▪ 70% of petroleum consumption (60% imported)▪ 3.9 billion gallons of wasted fuel
Source: Robert Bertini
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Commute Mode Share for PortlandReduce per capita daily vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) by 30 % from 2008 levels.
Portland Climate Action Plan, 2009
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Shifting the four types of cyclists
60% Interested but Concerned
33% No Way, No How
7% Enthused &Confident
Geller, 2006 & Dill and McNeil, 2012
<1% Strong & Fearless
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People that are older
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People who live in areas that are hilly
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People who commute distances greater than 5 miles
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People that have a physical limitation that makes cycling difficult
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Woman tend bike less that men. Women make 25% of all bike trips in the US.
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People don’t always feel safe biking in traffic
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People who don’t want to sweat or wear special clothes to commute
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People who need to carry or haul items or people
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What are the critical pieces?
Cost
Access Attitudes
InfrastructureCritical Mass
Technology
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WHAT IS AN E-BIKE?
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What is an electric bike?
Battery
Motor (Hub or Chain drive)
Power controls&
Gear shifts
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Different types of the e-bikes
Throttle Pedelec
Powered bicycle (PB) versus Powered-assisted bicycle (PAB)
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Market for E-bikesElectric Bicycle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2018
Source: Navigant/Pike Research
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Projected US Growth
Source: Navigant/Pike Research
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What Is Our Research Question?
Will e-bikes…
•Get more people to bike, and
•Get people to bike more often.
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KAISER PERMANENTE E-BIKE PROJECT
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Kaiser Permanente E-bike Project• Currie iZip E3 Compact
• Top Speed: 18 mph• Range: 15-22 miles• Weight: 42 lbs• Folding
• Kaiser Employees at 3 campuses (1st/last mile commuting)
• 18 months & 151 people
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Map overview of employment centers, transit and survey respondents' homes, Portland Metro.
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Summary statistics for GIS distance analysis
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Mode choice by trip purpose
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Barriers to participation in cycling cited by respondents
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Change in cyclist typology (individual) before and after using e-bike, by self-described cyclist type
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Reported usage of e-bike (trip frequency) for commuting by distance from work.
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Frequency of bicycle usage by trip purpose, before and during program.
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Reported likelihood of using a bicycle after using e-bike.
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Conclusions•E-bikes reduce barriers to participation in cycling
•E-bikes may make people more comfortable on bicycles
•E-bikes encourage more trips by bicycle
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E-BIKE: PLATFORM FOR THE FUTURE
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The Connected Bicycle
Bicycle Integration with Vehicles & Infrastructure
HelmetCommunicationsAwarenessRider sensors
Bicycle TechnologyLights & Turn signalsMicro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), ANT +, GPS, & Sensors SecurityRider feedbackBattery & MotorHealth monitoringAir quality monitoring
Mobile DeviceTravel InformationNavigationWeatherBicycle dataSocial networking
Vehicle & Infrastructure Communication: DSRC, Cellular, Bluetooth, WiFi
Bicycle Technology
Street lightingTraffic signal & intersection
Cars, Transit, Trucks, Bicyclists and Pedestrians
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Contact InformationJohn MacArthur•[email protected]•503-725-2866• trec.pdx.edu
For more information & reports: ebike.research.pdx.edu