John NewberyJohn Newbery1713-17671713-1767

By Mina Golubovich By Mina Golubovich

Time PeriodTime Period during the during the EnlightenmentEnlightenment: fresh attitudes of : fresh attitudes of

human aspirations and human capabilities human aspirations and human capabilities =attitudes towards children, reorientation of =attitudes towards children, reorientation of daily life (esp. that of the family), daily life (esp. that of the family), happinesshappiness

Changes in viewing children: Changes in viewing children:

-NOT inherently evil, adult duties and -NOT inherently evil, adult duties and responsibilities to childrenresponsibilities to children

OpportunityOpportunity

BackgroundBackground Born July 9th, 1713Born July 9th, 1713

Lived during the height of the Enlightenment Lived during the height of the Enlightenment

English publisher and bookseller English publisher and bookseller

One of the first, if not the first, to introduce children’s One of the first, if not the first, to introduce children’s books for pleasure as well as instruction books for pleasure as well as instruction

very intelligent and exploitive of the new market very intelligent and exploitive of the new market

determined: advertised his books in every possible waydetermined: advertised his books in every possible way

LifeLife

Established a book-shop Established a book-shop in London in 1743in London in 1743

First book: First book: A Little Pretty A Little Pretty Pocket BookPocket Book

Hired writers to write for Hired writers to write for him (such as Oliver him (such as Oliver Goldsmith) as well as Goldsmith) as well as writing himselfwriting himself

PublicationsPublications

Other works: Other works: Mother Goose’s MelodyMother Goose’s Melody The History of Little Goody Two-ShoesThe History of Little Goody Two-Shoes The Entertaining History of Tommy The Entertaining History of Tommy

Gingerbread a Little Boy who Lived Upon Gingerbread a Little Boy who Lived Upon LearningLearning

The Newtonian System of Philosophy The Newtonian System of Philosophy Adapted to the Capacities of Young Adapted to the Capacities of Young Gentlemen and Ladies: Gentlemen and Ladies: Tom TelescopeTom Telescope

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

Large profits:Large profits:

-great demands-great demands

-cheap publication: used Dutch floral -cheap publication: used Dutch floral paper as covers and gilt edgespaper as covers and gilt edges

Combined imagination with concrete Combined imagination with concrete knowledge knowledge

First to make children’s literature profitable in First to make children’s literature profitable in the literary realm of the market the literary realm of the market

Tom TelescopeTom Telescope

Series of booksSeries of books Six lectures Six lectures Verified how the Enlightenment was spreading Verified how the Enlightenment was spreading

and its greater publication and its greater publication Very significant because it gives a SIMPLE Very significant because it gives a SIMPLE

outline on some of the most COMPLEX attitudes outline on some of the most COMPLEX attitudes of the universe and man’s place in itof the universe and man’s place in it

LockianLockian philosophy and philosophy and NewtonianNewtonian attitudes of attitudes of the Scientific Revolution: “the 5 senses” the Scientific Revolution: “the 5 senses”

Compassionate humanity Compassionate humanity Huge success: believed to have sold 25,000-Huge success: believed to have sold 25,000-

30,000 copies between 1760-180030,000 copies between 1760-1800

Captions: “written” by Tom Telescope

Other works…Other works…

Regarded moral talesRegarded moral tales

Taught moral lessons: early Taught moral lessons: early acts of cruelty hint at an evil acts of cruelty hint at an evil child (such as breaking child (such as breaking eggs, killing birds, ect.)eggs, killing birds, ect.)

Proper acts of charity and Proper acts of charity and kindness will be followed kindness will be followed with social rewards with social rewards

InfluenceInfluence Allowed children to gain a new insight into a Allowed children to gain a new insight into a

developing and changing world developing and changing world

Widening intellect of middle- and lower- class Widening intellect of middle- and lower- class childrenchildren

Self-improvement and amusementSelf-improvement and amusement

Natural philosophy and basic “physics, Natural philosophy and basic “physics, astronomy, geography, natural history and astronomy, geography, natural history and philosophy”: presented/explainedphilosophy”: presented/explained

Mirroring the Mirroring the EnlightenmentEnlightenment

New desire to entertain, delight, nurture, and New desire to entertain, delight, nurture, and love childrenlove children

Compassion and emphasis on educationCompassion and emphasis on education

Liberal towards children Liberal towards children

Publicized science and philosophy (one of the Publicized science and philosophy (one of the main goals of Enlightenment)main goals of Enlightenment)

Search for success (personal achievement) Search for success (personal achievement) and profit and profit

Legacy Legacy

In 1921, Frederic Melcher established the In 1921, Frederic Melcher established the Newbery Medal in honor of John Newbery Medal in honor of John Newbery’s lasting influenceNewbery’s lasting influence

Presented by the American Library Presented by the American Library

Association that recognizes the greatest Association that recognizes the greatest children’s book of the year children’s book of the year

Bibliography Bibliography "John Newbery." "John Newbery." L390 Children's LiteratureL390 Children's Literature. Indiana. Indiana

University. 16 Nov. 2008 University. 16 Nov. 2008 <http://www.iupui.edu/~engwft/newbery.htm>.<http://www.iupui.edu/~engwft/newbery.htm>.

"John Newbery." "John Newbery." WikipediaWikipedia. 26 Oct. 2008. Wikipedia . 26 Oct. 2008. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. 16 Nov. 2008 Foundation, Inc. 16 Nov. 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/john_newbery>.<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/john_newbery>.

Kishlansky, Mark, Patrick Geary, and Patricia O’Brien.Kishlansky, Mark, Patrick Geary, and Patricia O’Brien. Civilization in the WestCivilization in the West. New York, San Fransisco,. New York, San Fransisco, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006.

"Newbery, John." "Newbery, John." InfopleaseInfoplease. 2007. Columbia . 2007. Columbia University Press. 16 Nov. 2008 University Press. 16 Nov. 2008 <http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/a0835366.<http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/a0835366.html>.html>.

Plumb, J.H. "The Commercialization of Childhood." Plumb, J.H. "The Commercialization of Childhood." HorizonHorizon. 1976. 62-66.. 1976. 62-66.

Thank You!Thank You!