joint institute for nuclear research -...

Science Bringing Nations Together38

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

The JOINT INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH, JINR, wasestablished by its founding countries in 1956 with the purpose of joiningtogether the scientific and material potential of Member States in studies ofthe fundamental properties of matter.

JINR is an international inter-governmental scientific research organization,the activities of which are based on the principles of openness for participa-tion to all interested states and of their equal, mutually beneficial collaboration.



The JINR Member States are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cuba, the Czech Republic, Georgia, Kazakhstan, D.P. Republic of Korea,Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, the Russian Federation, the SlovakRepublic, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

JINR has developed extensive collaborations with Germany and Hungary,both of which have Observer status at JINR, and also with CERN, France,Italy, the U.S.A. and others.

MAIN FIELDS OF ACTIVITY

• Theoretical physics

• Elementary particle physics

• Relativistic nuclear physics

• Heavy ion physics

• Low and intermediate energy physics

• Nuclear physics with neutrons

• Condensed matter physics

• Radiation and radio-biological research

• Computing, computational physics

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME

1994 marked the opening of the Dubna International University. An integral part is the JINR University Centre which offers educational programmes in high energy physics, nuclear physics, nuclear methods incondensed matter physics, applied physics, and radio-biology.

JINR continues to develop as a multi-disciplinary international scientificcentre incorporating basic research in the field of modern nuclear physics,development and application of high technologies, and university educationin the relevant fields.

LABORATORIES

Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics

Laboratory of High Energies

Laboratory of Particle Physics

Laboratory of Nuclear Problems

Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions

Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics

Laboratory of Computing Techniques andAutomation





REACTORS AND ACCELERATORS

IBR-2 Pulsed reactors with with neutron fluxes 10 16 n.cm2 s-1

IBR-30

U-400, U-400M Heavy ion cyclotronsand U-200

Synchrophasotron 10 GeV proton and light nuclei accelerator

Nuclotron Superconducting synchrotron for nuclei and heavy ions up to 6 GeV/n

Phasotron 680 MeV proton accelerator

IREN Intense Resonance Neutron source optimized to carry.out investigationswith resonance neutrons. (under construction)

In 1956, a year and a half after the establishment of the EuropeanOrganization for Nuclear Research, CERN, the states of the “socialistbloc” signed an agreement establishing a similar international centre for thestudy of fundamental problems in physics: the Joint Institute for NuclearResearch, JINR.

The seat of the Institute was chosen to be the town of Dubna, 120 km northof Moscow. Though the establishment of JINR was clearly a politicalresponse, during the Cold War, to the establishment of CERN, from thevery beginning the Institute’s activities were aimed solely at investigating thefundamental properties of matter and using scientific discoveries for peace-ful purposes.

At the InternationalConference on PeacefulUtilization of AtomicEnergy, Geneva, 1958.

The reports on the firstscientific results ob-tained with the JINR synchrocyclotron ands y n c h r o p h a s o t r o naroused a great interestamong Western physi-cists.

Although the “socialist bloc” collapsed, JINR survived and continues towork successfully because it is science rather than politics which drives it. In1992, the 18 JINR Member States confirmed their continued interest in theexistence and development of this remarkable international scientific centre.JINR’s staff is now over 4000 people, 1200 of them researchers, including200 professors. The Institute maintains scientific contacts and carries outjoint investigations with 690 institutes and universities in 57 countries ofthe world.

From left to right: Professor V. P. Dzhelepov, Director of the first Laboratory in Dubna and oneof those who supervised the construction of the first Dubna accelerator; the synchrocyclotron;Academician N. N. Bogoliubov, who took over as JINR Director in 1964; Professor D. I. Blokhintsev, the first Director of the Institute.


Setting the Ball Rolling

Among the distinguished guests of Dubna was the outstanding British scientist, one of the founders of modern nuclear physics, Paul Dirac.

A visit of the eminentDanish physicist NielsBohr to Dubna resultedin establishment of veryclose contacts with theCopenhagen institutelater named after him.After this visit ProfessorBohr became a goodfriend of JINR.

Left to right: P. Dirac, JINR Director D. I. Blokhintsev, JINR Vice-Director M. Danysz (Poland),one of the founders of the Dubna Institute Professor M. G. Meshcheryakov, Professor N. N. Bogoliubov, Professor Ya. A. Smorodinsky.


Setting the Ball Rolling

Scientific ties between JINR and CERN date back to 1957, when JINRVice-Director Marian Danysz, a Polish professor, visited CERN and agreedwith CERN Director-General C. J. Bakker on the exchange of scientists andon joint experiments. Since that time co-operation has continued to progressand now JINR takes an active part in the Large Hadron Collider, LHC,project at CERN.

Political confrontation did not affect extensive con-tacts of scientists. By the early 1970s, the meetingsof the heads of two international centres, JINR andCERN, had become regular occurrences.

JINR Director N. N. Bogoliubov and CERN Director-General W. Jentschke (left) are discussing the problems ofco-operation on the outskirts of Dubna.

International co-operation is Dubna’s natural way of life. Even when JINRwas being developed, it was international co-operation that determinedmany future fields of research.


The Ties That Bind

Since the very beginning JINR has par-ticipated in organizing important inter-national scientific conferences.

With their close co-operation, even in the gloomiest years of theCold War, the scientists of JINR and CERN were performing anoble mission: contributing to the mutual understanding of peo-ple from different countries. Russian Empress Elizabeth Petrovnawas right when she said that “Enlightenment of mind eradicatesevil.”

From left to right: CERN Director-General V. Weisskopf, Professor V. P. Dzhelepov, and Academician B. M. Pontecorvo, a colleague of theItalian scientist E. Fermi, in JINR’s Laboratory of Nuclear Problems,Dubna, 1963.

At the International Conference on High Energy Physics (Rochester), Tbilisi,1976, the Spanish physicist A. de Rujula, on the left, and Dubna theorist V. G. Kadyshevsky are seen in the Memorial Museum of the 12th centuryGeorgian poet, Shota Rustaveli, whose works anticipated the humanistic ideas ofthe early Middle Ages.


The Ties That Bind

The first international symposium on “LHC Physics and Detectors” washeld in Dubna in 1996.

Q: Why did prominent world experts gather in Dubna if the LHC isunder construction at CERN?

A: JINR makes an appreciable contribution both to the accelerator-related part of the project and to the development of the detectors for theexperiments at the collider. As well as the scientific centres of all JINRMember States, many factories, including former defence ones, are involvedin this work.

A new generation of experimental facilities will provide new information onthe structure of matter in the 21st century.

The “zero module” of thehadron calorimeter barrel, madeby JINR for the ATLAS experi-ment, undergoes tests at CERN.

Scheduled to run for many years,this experiment, as well as thejoint work of Dubna and Genevaphysicists in other programmes,is good evidence of the develop-ment of long-term scientific co-operation, which also involvesmany industrial partners.


Reconciling Europe Through Science

As the development of researchin physics has demanded giant accelerators and experimentalset-ups, so scientific co-operationhas been extended to large indus-trial companies and associations,including defence-oriented ones.

Among the first examples of par-ticipation of the Russian militaryindustry in development ofpeaceful science was the manu-facture of a large magnet for thejoint JINR - CERN experiment,NA4, at CERN’s SPS.

Greater integration into worldscience and increasing the attrac-tiveness of Dubna for researchersare normal concerns for theJINR Scientific Council.

The members of the Council areleading scientists not only fromthe Member States but also fromCERN, France, Germany, Italyand the USA.

Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Russian Federation, Minister for Science andTechnologies V. E. Fortov presents the German scientist, JINR Scientific Council memberand former CERN Director-General H. Schopper with the Russian Order of Friendship.

F. Müller (CERN), L. V. Svetov (JINR), I. A. Golutvin (JINR), C. Rubbia (CERN) andI. A. Savin (JINR) at the regular workshop on coordination of the joint work, in Dubna.


Reconciling Europe Through Science

Participants in the International CERN-JINR School (1995) visiting the synchrophasotron.

Since 1970, CERN and JINR have been holding joint Schools of Physicsattended by young scientists from many countries of the world. Here theynot only learn the latest ideas in elementary particle physics but also becomeinvolved in a process that leads to better mutual understanding and rapprochement of people from different countries.

Such schools may seem natural now, but long before the Berlin Wall and theIron Curtain collapsed, they provided a unique opportunity for contactbetween young people from countries with different political systems. Thislong-standing co-operation between CERN and JINR helps to bridge thegap between East and West and stabilize the political situation.

On receiving the “Atom for Peace” Prize in the USA in 1963, the Russianscientist V. I. Veksler said:

“Nature is single. The problems it poses very often have a unique solution ata given stage of science development, and, of course, this solution does notdepend on the place where the people try to find it. Perhaps, the time hascome when not only in space but also in our terrestrial physics the most fruit-ful way to gain better insight into the microworld is co-operation of ourcountries.”

Academician V. I .Veksler has given his name to streets in both Dubna andCERN. The synchrophasotron, built under his supervision, still attractsmany physicists from all over the world


The CERN-JINR Joint Physics Schools

Former “students” of thefirst CERN - JINRSchools for young physi-cists, now a tradition over25 years old, have grownto be lecturers and profes-sors themselves. Theykeep up the contacts thatstarted during the lecturesand informal discussionstypical of the Schools.

Annual European Schools of High Energy Physics, jointly organized byJINR and CERN, ensure not only extensive scientific contacts but also closecultural exchange.

Here, beside the Moscowsea with its picturesqueislands, full of mush-rooms and berries, thetraditional western bar-beque is replaced by thetraditional Russian“ukha”, fish soup freshfrom the Volga, with gui-tar-accompanied songs indifferent languages mixedin.

Unusual events are hard to forget; the participants in the 12th International CERN - JINRSchool of Physics in the Crimean town of Alushta in 1991 took part in a chess tournament whereeverybody was a winner.


The CERN-JINR Joint Physics Schools

It is well known that the results of fundamental research can haveunexpected and successful applications in different fields of humanactivity.

A good example is that of nuclear track membranes. These mem-branes are produced by exposing polymer films to ion beams atisochronous cyclotrons in JINR. They are used in all fields that requirereliable and ecologically safe filters; e.g. in medicine and in the foodand electronics industries.

It is not surprising that Finnish businessmen readily accepted the pro-posal of the specialists from JINR’s Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions toestablish a joint venture for production of household water filters, andthat these simple but effective devices are now used in many countries.

About 20 centres throughout theworld are currently using chargedparticle beams to treat tumors, withabout the same number of new cen-tres being developed.

The multi-room clinico-physicalcomplex at the converted JINRPhasotron provides great scope formedico-biological experiments andclinical radiotherapy of cancerpatients.


Spin-offs from Research

A new generation is growing up in Dubna. Many young people have alreadychosen their future profession by following their parents’ example.

During the Open Doors Days at the Laboratories, children learn about theworking conditions and the work done by their fathers and mothers.

Lectures are given and personal computers are made available and, in theLaboratory cafeterias, visitors are served with the most delicious cakes.


Spin-offs from Research

In 1993/1994 a new superconducting accelerator for relativistic nuclei, theNuclotron, went into operation at Dubna. As a result, the Laboratory ofHigh Energies, LHE, founded by Academician V. I. Veksler, managed toretain its leading position in relativistic nuclear physics, a new field devel-oped under the supervision of Academician A. M. Baldin.

The unique beams of the LHEaccelerator complex attractphysicists from France,Germany, Japan, Italy, USA andother countries. Scientists fromover 120 institutes carry outexperiments here.

A large international team of scientists took part in the construction of thePHOBOS spectrometer for experiments with heavy ion beams.

Physicists from Bulgaria,Germany, Poland, Russia, andother countries carry out themost advanced nuclear physicsexperiments here. This facilityhas aroused great interest fromscientists from many countrieswho participated in the Inter-national School-Seminar onHeavy Ion Physics in Dubna in1993.

The Directorate team from DESY (Hamburg) visiting the Nuclotron.


Technology at Dubna

Since the 1960s the FlerovLaboratory of NuclearReactions has been a leader inthe synthesis of transuranic ele-ments and the investigation oftheir properties. The laborato-ry’s impressive equipmentincludes heavy ion acceleratorsand a variety of experimentalapparatus, used for detectingthe extremely rare productionof new very short-lived ele-ments.

During a visit to Dubna, Niels Bohr took an interest in a simple idea behindthe periodic pulsed reactor and said: “I admire the courage of the people whoventured to build such a remarkable facility!”

Major contributions were madeby the physicists fromGermany, Hungary, Poland,and Russia. Now, over 200experiments are carried outwith the reactor. They involvephysicists, biologists, chem-istsfrom the scientific centres of theJINR Member States and othercountries.

Participants in the International Seminar “The Present and the Future of IBR-2”acquaint themselves with the mobile reflector of the reactor.

Scientists from JINR and the Livermore National Laboratory (USA), participants in thejoint experiment on the synthesis of the heaviest isotope of element 110.


Technology at Dubna

The purpose of fundamental research in physics is to discover new laws ofNature. The results of this research become available to all mankind, allow-ing breakthroughs in high technology and in the development of humancivilization. Modern physics makes a decisive contribution to such highlyimportant areas as cancer treatment, medical applications of nuclear detec-tors, computer tomography, WWW; the hypertext information in theInternet, safe nuclear power, and many others.

CERN and JINR are providing safeguards on peaceful use of the potentialof the Russian military and industrial complex during the implementationof scientific projects of the International Science and Technology Centre(ISTC).

The International Symposium on theHistory of the Soviet Atomic Project,held in Dubna in 1996, was attended bythose who directly took part in the pro-ject, atomic scientists and engineers ofthe older and younger generations andrepresentatives of many fundamentalresearch centres.

Among the honorary guests wereSecretary-General of the PugwashMovement, F. Calogero, the Science andTechnology counselor of the USAEmbassy in Moscow, D. Henchar, emi-nent Russian and foreign scientists and

historians, including Academician V. I. Goldansky, whose report at the sym-posium aroused great interest among the participants and journalists.

1983. Academician Ye. Primakov (currently Prime Minister of the RussianFederation) meets with scientists of theJoint Institute for Nuclear Research dur-ing a 'Peace Week' held in Dubna. Nextto Ye. Primakov is Nobel Prize laureateAcademician I. M. Frank, Director ofJINR's Laboratory of Neutron Physics.


Atoms for Peace

“Atoms for Peace”

This old slogan is gaininga new meaning today.Rejecting confrontation,mankind looks for newways to unite the world.Political and economicintegration makes it possi-ble to use the great poten-tial and high technologiesof the military-industrialcomplex for constructingnew scientific facilities.

The memory of the outstanding scientists, who laid the foundations ofJINR, is kept not only in the names of Dubna streets but also in honoraryprizes named after them.

The Italian scientist UgoAmaldi (3rd from the leftin the photo) became thefirst winner of the BrunoPontecorvo Prize, estab-lished by JINR and namedafter the outstandingphysicist who worked inDubna.

Professor Amaldi is amember of the JINRScientific Council and oneof the leaders of the DELPHI experiment, inwhich Dubna physiciststake an active part.

A large liquid-krypton cryostat for the joint JINR - CERN experiment NA48 manufactured atthe Khrunichev State Research and Space Production Centre in Russia.


Atoms for Peace

In summer, when the weather is good, Dubna looks like a real resort.

Abundant clean reservoirs, forests and fresh air attract a lot of people fromMoscow.

Dubna is beautiful in any season.

Here, Indian fellowship holderD. Nadkarni and his wife sawsnow for the first time in theirlife.


Dubna through the Seasons

The young island town is surrounded by the riversVolga, Dubna and Sestra and by age-old marshlandsand mixed forests that grow on morains produced byprehistoric glaciers.

“The friendly international ties that are established among scientists preventthe scorching isolation and chauvinism. Does not fast progress in sciencedepend on co-operation of scientists of all countries, large and small, withtheir own traditions and peculiarities? Scientists come to realize, to an everincreasing extent, the international character of Science, whose ultimate goalis to discover Truth and serve Humanity.”

Frederic Joliot-Curie

The Joliot-Curie square in Dubna


Dubna through the Seasons

Politicians have come to realize the necessity of uniting the efforts of scien-tists. This is clear from the address of the President of Georgia EduardShevardnadze to the JINR scientists:

For about 20 years radiobiological investigations have been carried out withthe unique radiation sources in Dubna. Their goals are to study the regular-ities of the effects produced by different types of radiation on the cells ofbacteria, yeasts, and mammals.

Professor V. I. Korogodin, a wellknown Russian specialist in radiogenetics, following the outstanding Russian biologist N. V. Timofeev-Resovsky, estab-lished his own radiobiologicalschool in Dubna, which attractsscientists of different generations.

In the photo: V. I. Korogodin discusses the results of investigations with his colleaguesfrom Armenia and Georgia.


When Biology & Physics Meet

“The idea of collective participation in fundamental research is notonly valuable per se. It is another opportunity for harmonious co-operation of representatives of different peoples and scientific schoolsin the single process of evolution of the world civilization.”

Scientists from the Czech Republic,Slovak Republic, Poland, Bulgaria,Germany and their colleagues fromRussian radiobiological centres take anactive part in these investigations, whichwere naturally extended to study themechanisms of the mutagenic and car-cinogenic effect of different charged par-ticles.

The report of the leading radio-ecologist Professor E. Steinnes, from Norway, aroused great interest among themembers of the JINR Scientific Council and leading JINRspecialists.

Professor Steinnes cited the data related to nuclear tests onNovaya Zemlya, assessed the radio-ecological situation inthe Scandinavian countries after the Chernobyl accidentand examined the basic aspects and trends in modern radio-ecology.

In the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics scientists areseen discussing the possible application of methods, used incondensed matter physics, to radio-ecology.

Fruit flies, traditional experimental “objects” for many generations of biologists,are indispensable in a radiobiological laboratory.


When Biology & Physics Meet

On the initiative of the JINR Directorate, which wassupported by the Academy of Natural Sciences ofRussia, the International University of Nature,Society and Man, was set up in 1991.

Following this, the JINR University Centre was estab-lished. Here senior students of the leading RussianPhysics institutes finish their education under thesupervision of JINR scientists and attend practicalstudies in the JINR Laboratories.

This new JINR develop-ment concept envisages agradual conversion to aninternational centre whichwill integrate fundamentalscience, technological stud-ies and education.

Students of the University Centre celebrate its 5th anniversary.

University opening Ceremony in Dubna.


Dubna – A University Town

Students and schoolchildren, all Flerov Prize winners, visit-ing the memorial working room of the founder of theLaboratory of Nuclear Reactions

Sometimes it is difficult for the hand to keepup with the brain.


Dubna – A University Town


Dubna at Play

The small town of Dubna brings together the advantages of urban andcountry lifestyles.

Dubna people spend a large part of their time outdoors taking part in allkind of sports or simply enjoying the beautiful surroundings.

Yacht captains NikolaiTikhanchev and VictorKudryashov togetherwith the Institute staffmembers who are fond ofsailing have been coach-ing young yachtsmen formany years.

The twins Valeri andYuri Nekhaevsky estab-lished a water ski schoolin Dubna. They havecoached champions andmedalists in World andEuropean champion-ships, which has helpedto make Dubna a recog-nized capital of water ski-ing.

Jogging is very popularamong scientists. Everyyear sportsmen of thetrack-and-field sectionand veterans of this sporttake part in the tradition-al Veksler MemorialRace when the town’sstreets are turned into astadium.

Hobbies of Dubna inhab-itants are often unusualand sometimes unique.

Academician BrunoPontecorvo’s son Tito,Doctor of Oceanology,turned to breeding rareAkhaltek horses, seenhere freely grazing on thebanks of the Volga.


Dubna at Play

1997; Dubna. Discussions of the results of the experiment tostudy the properties of nuclei in the region of nucleon stability.

Left to right: Xu Shuwei and Zhang Tianmei (Institute ofModern Physics, Lanzhou, China) and Professor Yu. Gangrsky (JINR’s Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions)

1971; Participants in the jointexperiment to measure the electro-magnetic radius of the pion at theU-70 accelerator in Protvino(Institute for High EnergyPhysics, Russia).

From left to right: D. Drickey (USA), M. Turala (Poland), a future division leader atCERN, E. Tsyganov (JINR).


Atoms at Work

“Global Ecological Monitoring”,an international non-governmen-tal project, was the subject of dis-cussions at a workshop held inDubna in 1992.

About 100 representatives of stateinstitutions and scientific organi-zations from the USA and the CIStook part in the discussions.

In the photo (centre): Professor M. Meshcheryakov, one of the founders of the JointInstitute for Nuclear Research, and E. Teller, Honorary Director of the LivermoreNational Laboratory (USA).

1993; The International TrainingCourses “Lessons of Chernobyl”,Co-organised by JINR and theInternational Atomic EnergyAgency, were dedicated to thephysical aspects of radiation pro-tection. The scientific programmeof the courses covered a very widenumber of overlapping problems.


Atoms at Work

1997; As a recognition of the outstandingcontribution of JINR scientists to modernphysics and chemistry, the GeneralAssembly of the International Union ofPure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)named element 105 of the Periodic TableDubnium.

Left to right: P. Kienle (GSI), Yu. Oganessian (FLNR), C. Détraz, a futuredirector of CERN (GANIL), and R. Bock (GSI).


Looking Forward

Extensive international scientific and technological co-operation is one ofthe most important principles of JINR’s activity. Every year more than 1000specialists come to Dubna to participate in collaborative research projects.

1992; Scientific leaders of the three majorEuropean laboratories involved in heavy-ion physics research – Gesellschaft fürSchwerionenforschung, GSI (Germany),JINR’s Flerov Laboratory of NuclearReactions, FLNR (Dubna), and GrandAccélérateur National d’Ions Lourds,GANIL (France) meet in Dubna to coordi-nate their research programmes.

1997; Headquarters of UNESCO,Paris at the signature of theUNESCO-JINR Agreement. TheAgreement envisages co-operationof the two international organiza-tions and their Members States injoint scientific and educational pro-grammes.

From left to right:A. Sissakian, Vice-Director of JINR, V. Kadyshevsky, Director of JINR, F. Mayor,Director-General of UNESCO.


Looking Forward

Scientists of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research participate in manynational and international conferences. In its turn, the Institute holds annu-ally about 10 major conferences and more than 30 international workshopsin Dubna.

1997; The International Sym-posium “Problems of Biochemis-try, Radiation and Space Biology”,Held in Dubna under the aegis ofUNESCO on the occasion of the90th anniversary of the birth ofAcademician N. Sissakian(1907–1966).

The Symposium discussed the pre-sent understanding of radio-biolog-ical effects, both terrestrial and inspace, and indicated future researchtrends.


Dubna – An Island of Stability

1998. At the Joint Institute ofNuclear Research, a group of scientists headed by Professor Yu.Oganessian (left) in collaborationwith colleagues from theLawrence Livermore NationalLaboratory (USA) synthesized anew long-lived (30 s) superheavyelement with atomic number 114.

This discovery is the result of many years of effort by experimental physicistsfrom Russia, USA, and Germany who have been searching for a 'stabilityisland' of superheavy elements predicted by theorists in various countries forthe past 35 years.

Cf

Es

Fm

Md

No

Lr

Rf

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

110

111

112

113114

115

116

150 152 154 156 158 160

162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176

178 180 182 184

Z = 114

Z = 108

neutron number

pro

ton

nu

mb

er

α

α

αα

Yu. O

rgan

essi

an F

LNR

(JIN

R) J

an.1

999

Chart Of The Nuclides

114/289

112/285

114/287

110/281

112/283112/277

110/273110/271

111/272

110/269110/267

Mt/268Mt/266

Hs/267 Hs/269 Hs/277Hs/265

Bh/264Bh/262Bh/261

Sg/263Sg/261Sg/260 Sg/266Sg/265Sg/259Sg/258

Db/260Db/258Db/257Db/256 Db/263Db/262Db/261

Rf/259Rf/257Rf/256 Rf/258Rf/255Rf/254Rf/253 Rf/262Rf/261Rf/260

Lr/258Lr/256Lr/255 Lr/257Lr/254Lr/253Lr/252 Lr/261 Lr/262Lr/260Lr/259

Md/256Md/254Md/253 Md/255Md/252Md/251Md/250 Md/259 Md/260Md/258Md/257

Fm/255Fm/253Fm/252 Fm/254Fm/251Fm/250Fm/249 Fm/258 Fm/259Fm/257Fm/256

Es/254Es/252Es/251 Es/253Es/250Es/249Es/248 Es/256Es/255

Cf/253Cf/251Cf/250 Cf/252Cf/249Cf/248Cf/247 Cf/255 Cf/256Cf/254

No/257No/255No/254 No/256No/253No/252No/251 No/260 No/262No/259No/258

Hs/264

Known Nucli

des

Newly Discoveredα decay

Spontaneous Fission

Electron Capture

β decay

1998. JINR Director V. Kadyshevsky(center) and JINR Vice-Director A. Sissakian (left) seen here with theRussian State Duma Chairman G. Seleznev, who was giving his appreciation of JINR as an internationalorganization that is active in developingworld science, and is very important forthe prestige of Russia.

1998. Meeting of the JINR Directorate withprominent Russian figure V. Chernomyrdin(centre), during which they discussed the possi-bile construction at Dubna of a SynchrotronRadiation Source based on the MEA/AmPSaccelerator presented to JINR by NIKHEF,Amsterdam.

Russian Minister of Science and Technologies, Academician M. Kirpichnikov (left), Plenipotentiary of the Government of the RussianFederation to JINR:

"....We are convinced that the Russiangovernment will be able to fulfil properlyits commitments to JINR. We are convinced that JINR will enrich worldscience with ever more of its achieve-ments. Dubna is a pearl of internationalco-operation...."


Dubna – An Island of Stability

joint institute for nuclear research -...

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