journal 1) lithium (li) has the atomic number of 3. what will li need to do to become stable?...
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Journal
1) Lithium (Li) has the atomic number of 3. What will Li need to do to become stable? (Directions: Draw the electrons around the nucleus. What needs to occur to have the outermost layer filled?).2) Why do carbon atoms always form 4 bonds?
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Observations on yesterday’s marshmallow models:
1. What do the marshmallows and toothpicks represent?
2. How many bonds do C, O, N and H always make?
3. Write at least two facts that describe the structure of the modeled molecules.
Journal
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•Carbon is the basis of all organic molecules, including proteins, carb’s, etc.
•Carbon makes 4 bonds, which makes it highly versatile.
So far, we learned that:
Question to explore: Why four bonds? – To answer we will need to get back to the structure of atoms…Ingredients for life: Carbon
Ingredients for life: Carbon FILE HERE
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Ions and ionic bonding:We predicted that since Chlorine needs ‘just’ one more electron to complete the octet, it will easily become an anion: Cl-. The opposite is for Na+ .
So what happens when Na and Cl meet?
Bonding across the periodic tableIons in the periodic table
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- The sodium gives an electron to Chlorine, and now both become charged, with an opposite sign. They are now Ions.
- When brought together, the two opposite ions attract each other. This is an ionic bond.
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Ionic Bonding:
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We see from the animation, that several pairs of atoms do not form ionic bonds. But they do bond – by a covalent bond:
Each partner atom contribute 1 or more e-, and they are shared between the outer energy levels of both atoms.
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Covalent Bonds:H-H
O=O*
CH4
*Double, triple bonds may occur.
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Demos:
Ionic versus covalent bonding.
Story analogy: borrowing drink cans in a lecture hall…
Which is stronger – ionic or covalent?
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Journal: e-Step 1: Na ClStep 2: Na+ , Cl-
Step 3: Na+ Cl-
1. Describe what is happening in the three steps above.
2. Which type of relationship is stronger – give and take, or sharing? Explain.
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Bonding across the periodic table
Watch the following animation tutorial, and describe what happens when different atoms combine: ionic or not?Na-Cl
Ca-Cl
Fe-Cl
H-O
H-C
C-Cl
Mg-O
C-O
C-N
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Quiz On the back of your answer sheet:1) Carbon is the major element of all organic matter. The ability of carbon to make diverse molecules stems from its tendency to form 4 covalent bonds. Based on it atomic number (6), explain why carbon forms four bonds. Draw and Write.
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Ingredients for life: Carbon
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Covalent Bonding: Sharing valence electrons.
Try with Hydrogen: 1e-
H HH H+ H2
Oxygen alone 6e-:
O
O
+ O
O
O=O
O2
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+
Oxygen (6) and Hydrogen (1):
O HO
H
H H2O
Non-binding electronsAlso need some space!
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Other types of bonds: