journal media law
TRANSCRIPT
Faculty of Music, Social Sciences and DesignPSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT COVER PAGE
STUDENT NAMES & ID.: GYNETHIA LORAINE TAMPI, 1000921906
SUBJECT: SM319 MEDIA, LAW & ETHICS
LECTURER: MS YAP YOKE LIN
TASK / TITLE: MEDIA LAW JOURNAL
DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL WORK
I certify that this assignment is my own original work. It adheres to the University & School guidelines on plagiarism and published material.
INFORMED CONSENT
1. Late submission will be penalized by a ONE mark deduction per day.2. Any request for extension needs to be in WRITTEN form, with a valid reason AND
dependent on approval of the subject lecturer.3. Plagiarism of any kind will result in a ZERO mark and failing of this assignment.4. Incomprehensible language/writing can be penalized.5. I shall adhere to the APA (American Psychological Association) Manual, 5th Edition
guidelines on format, in-text citations & references.
I acknowledge that I have read and understood the statements above and am subject to the terms as stated above.
……………………………Student’s signatureDate: 26th March 2012
MEDIA LAW AND ETHICS JOURNALS
LECTURE: Tuesdays 3rd January 2012
Today should be the first day of my media law class; to be honest I didn’t attend the first
class because I am still in my country Indonesia right now. From what I heard from my
friends, Media Law class is a difficult subject to pass. I have one of my friend who failed
this subject last time, but with a different lecture. I am just hoping the best for my self to
working hard for pass this subject. On the first day class my friend told me, its talking about
the course requirements, assessments and expectations. It also told me to getting Gmail
account for course materials, and ebooks.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 6th January 2012
I didn’t attend the class today because I am still in my country. But from the course outline
that I get online from my friend, I know what part in Media law and ethics that learned in
this Friday class. Start from “Introduction to Media, Law & Ethics”, “Why the need for
morality, ethical & legal systems?” and “Legal terms for Media Law”. What is media? In
my opinion “Media” is various kind medium of communication, for example Internet,
newspaper, radio, television, social networking, etc. Media is really powerful right now,
and can influence people mind. It also has a good and bad impact for public. In this kind
situation, we need something to control how media works. What we need is Law, and
Ethics that control media from over exploration in bad things. Law is rules and guidelines
for public to control something so it will be legal every time. What make it different with
ethics? Actually I do not really understand what the different about ethics and law, because
both are talk about rules and regulation. But after I do my research in Internet I found ethics
actually is more focus on moral principle, which control individual itself. We really need
the morality, ethical & legal systems for control media, because when media its over
exposed something, there should be a limit to protect between the author, reader or watcher,
and also the news. Because all the things its affects each other.
LECTURE: Tuesdays 9th January 2012 & TUTORIAL: Fridays 13th January 2012
I didn’t come to class for Tuesday and Friday this week, I read in teaching plan, for this two
class discuss same topics, Principles of Ethics & Law, and Applied Ethics & Law in
Media. I don’t have any idea about this topic before, because I didn’t attend the class. But
based on my understanding from textbooks, and research in Internet I can tell a little bit y
understanding about this topic. There are principle, and standards of media to create an
media ethics, its including ethics in broadcast media like movie, television program, radio,
second in print media like news paper, books, and last one in Internet. I will more focus on
my understanding in Journalism codes of ethics. Actually journalistic ethics is the most
dominants ethics, in media. There are Society of Professional Journalist (SPJ) that control
about the journalism ethics, its founded in USA 1909, it’s the powerful Journalism
organization that set the standard & ethical behavior in Journalism and it realize by the SPJ
Code of ethics Structure. There three most important parts for discuss about the ethics
structure. First the Preamble that talks about the responsibilities of Journalist, to seek the
Truth of something. All the news should be based on the fact; it must be actual without any
lie behind. It also mention in the 4 principles, Seek Truth & Report It; like I mention before
all the reporters, and journalist must report something that based on fact, Minimize Harm;
Sometimes a news contain an exposed harm things, and it also will contain with bad effect
because of that journalist should be report a news with minimize the harm its not just for
public, but for something that be reported at that news also, Act Independently; a contain of
news should be report by the journalistic itself, without concerns from outsider like
economics and political concerns, Be Accountable; The journalist should be independent
and responsible with all the news that he report, they must hear the public opinion and
should take the criticism from the public. Last part is case studies from Clinton-Lewinsky
scandal. At that time, it’s the big scandal of that time it tells President America Bill Clinton
had an affair with former intern. Media really investigate and show the report to the public
about this case. And what happened? Clinton is trouble, and his precedency is crumbling.
Just one question why the media cover this scandal? It because this news is talk about
number one person in America that can control whole the world, with a sexual scandal.
100 percent the public will be interested with sex, political stories, and make high the rating
of news. So what happened to the public? By public understanding actually having an affair
its not a new things, its normal for all the people America but what make it different
because it someone that in the news is someone that control their country. Clinton start to
falling down, and public start to make a new gossip, and bad perception to him. It tells how
the media can change the people mind, because of that it really need to have some
principle, and ethics to control news that show in public.
LECTURE: Tuesdays 16th January 2012
I didn’t come to class, but today the topic in the class discuss about Potter’s Box &/ SAD
systems of analysis for legal & ethical issues. Actually I have better understanding about
Potter Box. Potter’s Box is one model for making ethical decisions,
from Ralph B. Potter, Jr. Moral thinking always build from systematic process, after critical
thinking we can made a judgment and take an action. How we get the decision must be
based in some critical reasoning. There are four steps dimension of moral analysis to do
Potter Box, the first dimension is Facts, second Values, third Principles, and last one
Loyalties. Definition or facts is first stage where we should analyze all the facts on the
problem all stories without make any decision or judgment. Values are the second stage in
potter box at this stage we should analyze and compare the different values to understand
the influences when we make the decision. In this stage we can analyst to identify the
different between many values. We can make decision by aesthetic values, professional
values, logical values, sociocultural values, and moral values. Principles are models of
ethical reasoning that can apply with every different situation. Its also must considering the
ethical philosophies, to make decision maker to better understand the situation. There are 6
principles that using in potter box, first Aristotle's Golden Mean emphasizes
that moral value is really important to determine the simplicity and moderation. Confucius'
Golden Mean is a principle, which says that moral virtue is the right place from 2
different extreme. Kant's Categorical Imperative tells that we can’t do something or kind of
action that against universal law. Mill's Principle of Utility tells that the most important
things are the happiness for the many number of people. Rawls' Veil of Ignorance, in this
principle the position of the people it will be affects the people influences. Agape Principle
or Judeo-Christian, the name principle describe the meaning Love for the human it’s the
most important in this rule.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 20th January 2012
I didn’t come to class again today, but when I saw the weekly teaching plan its still learning
about Potter’s Box & SAD systems of analysis for legal & ethical issues. SAD systems
analysis for legal & ethical issues is model analysis by L.A.Day. In SAD analysis there are
three steps that we must do, first situation definition this stage we try to give the fact that
have in the problem, and situation. Try to describe the situation that showing in the
problem. Second stage analysis of the Situation including the application of moral theories,
in this stage we trying to examine the situation and evaluate with the ethical alternatives.
We can start discuss agree and non agree opinion in the text; give the reason with the
values, and principle we learn before. The last one is Decision or Ethical Judgment. In this
final stage we should get the decision and take the action from problem. We should have a
strong argument to protect your decision, and it should not appeal to one of moral theories
we use before.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 27th January 2012
The first group Tan Ting and Jackie talking about A comparative study of Chinese and US
consumers’ attitudes toward advertising regulation. This article, help to investigate the
costumer attitudes toward local context advertising. The limitation just between chinese
consumers, and US consumer. It compares between the views of free commercial speech,
self regulation, and market forces regulation. What is the difference between
U.S. and China is China government more tightens about the censorship, and regulation of
sexuality advertising. However, in both country, both U.S. and China, women are much
more dominate concerning the case of sexuality in advertising. In my opinion this article is
quite interesting when I saw the author of this article, both of them is Chinese people. But
that’s not the main point why they choose China and America for doing this research. I am
quite agreeing with this article chosen country, like we know America is the most powerful
country in whole the world, from the media, politic, and economic. China is growing
country, which in the future can be compared with America what make it different are the
media in China is more stricker than America, where advertising, television program, social
networking is full of censorship. This is the interesting part in this article, when the writer
tries to compare how the advertising affects the both of countries.
Second presentation talked about “Critical contribution to theoretical foundations of
privacy studies” delivered by Michele and Shin Wen group. In my
understanding, this article talks about how privacy in the academic literature, the concept
of privacy right now, as well as the advantages and disadvantages in the
definition to clarify the limits in the literature. The methodology that used in this paper is
a theoretical approach with examples of current. This paper describes how important
the privacy of study. In my opinion what make this article interesting because there are so
many theories inside this article. All the theories is connected each other and explain the
different kind of piracy. There are around 24 different theories that using in this article to
explain about structural definition of piracy and another seven from Gandy (1993), Castells
(2001), Parenti (2003), Ogura (2006), Lyon (1994, 2001, 2007), Fuchs (2009), and
Sandoval (2011), its talking about political recommendation connected with privacy threats
like entrepreneurial privacy protection and privacy protection for powerful society. Its quite
confusing for me to understand all the theories together, and there are some theories that
almost same each other, because of that I think the weak point for this article is there are so
many point theories, but they are not more focus to explore more about 1 or 2 theories to
differentiate the three type definition of piracy. I think the most important theories for
describe each definition theories; structuralistic definition piracy Warren and Brandeis, and
Parent, individualistic definition piracy Westin, and Shils, and integrative definition piracy
Reiman.
The last group is Prudence and shiao Yi, their article “A Study of Visual Puffery in
Fragrance Advertising”. In advertising for attract the public we must using some visual
things. The main example that choosen in this paper is fragrance advertising. People
attracted when saw the advertisement and try to buy the product but after bought the
product sometimes people not satisfy. In this paper the writer try to make a research about
visual attraction of fragrance advertisements compared the subjects result from the
subsequent print ads for their products. Then consider whether the smell is actually
failing, or same with costumer expectations. The writer using interview and paired sample
test for conduct the research.
It shows that there are visual cues and imagery in perfume advertisement in certain
conditions, to produce products that exceed the expectations of the evaluation actual
product, it show the presence of visual advertising. It also describe
more abstract descriptors of advertisement create a higher expectations, whereas a more
concrete descriptors produced a lower expectations than the actual product evaluation.
LECTURE: Tuesdays 30th January 2012
Today topics talking about Reporters & Source, Social Justice, Invasion of Privacy,
Photojournalism / Photo-Fiction? In my understanding from reporter & sources is, a
reporter should be report something based on the facts, its also must more than 2 references
that’s the most important things. A reporter can lie to the public, and show news without
fact, because of that the actual and truth source is really important for telling news. Is social
justice is important in covering the news? In my opinion every human rights must have
some protection to all the things that they have. When someone is talking lie about their
self, or over exposed to them there should be something to stop that. Because of that we
need a social justice. Continue to Invasion Privacy, there are 4 different Types of Invasion
Privacy, first Intrusion on seclusion or solitude, Public disclosure of embarrassing private
affairs, Publicity that places individuals in a false light, Appropriation of an individual’s
name or likeness for commercial advantage. The privacy also controlled by the Ethics, the
most important things is the news must have redeeming social value, the Decency and basic
fairness also important, and finally the individual’s dignity must be maintained even with
the disclosure.
There is homework to do in home today
Analyze the case studies indicated in the chapters 3, 4 and 5 using either Potter's Box
or SAD
Chapter 3 Cases
Case 11: Crisis in Darfur
Definition
Ongoing conflict in the Darfur region, western Sudan, mainly between the Janjaweed, an army recruited
Principle
Rawls' Veil of Ignorance
from local Arab tribes, and tribes of non-Arabs in the area.
Values
Moral Values, Humanness, Justice/fairness
Loyalties
Sudan Government
Case 11: Covering the Middle East
Definition
How the reporter cover the news in middle east and show the images of the violence and the effect both sides
Principle
Aristotle's Golden Mean
Values
Moral Values
Loyalties
Public, and reader
Case 10: Stolen Voice Mail
Definition
Three case studies, 1 Pictures of the Chiquita article from the Enquirer, George Ventura, and the Chiquita logo.
Principle
Kant's Categorical Imperative
Values
Professional and moral values
Loyalties
Chiquita
Case 12: Risky Foods
Definition
Many safety issues with food that the media likes to latch onto. “Alar Scare” Example
Principle
Rawls' Veil of Ignorance
Values
Logical values
Loyalties
Public
Chapter 4
Case 15: Affirmative Action in Michigan
Definition
How the media reports on Affirmative Action, example Affirmative action in Michigan
Principle
Rawls' Veil of Ignorance
Values
Logical and moral values
Loyalties
The media
Case 16: Distributing the Internet
Definition
Some people start a program to help a people that have no access to new communication.
Principle
Confucius' Golden Mean
Values
Professional Values
Loyalties
People that help the people who have no access to new communication
Case 16: Sexism and World Cup Soccer
Definition
The media focused more on woman sexuality than another topic. Example U.S. Women’s win in the 1999 World Cup.
Principle
Confucius' Golden Mean
Values
Moral Values
Loyalties
The media
Case 17: Ten Weeks at Wounded Knee
Definition
How media tells about the Conflict between Native American and US.
Principle
Confucius' Golden Mean
Values
Moral Values
Loyalties
Public
Chapter 5
Case 18: Facebook and Social Media Networks
Definition
Facebook and Social Media Networks are phenomena right now.
PrincipleMill's Principle of Utility
Values
Moral Values
Loyalties
User of Facebook and social Media Networks
Case 19: The Controversial PATRIOT Act
Definition
The USA PATRIOT Act was created to avoid tragedies like September 11.
Principle
Rawls' Veil of Ignorance
Values
Professional
Loyalties
Powerful people in USA
Case 20: The Bloggers’ Code of Ethics
Definition
Blogs as one of new media need the ethics for control everything
Principle
Kant's Categorical Imperative
Values
Professional and moral values
Loyalties
The user of the blog
Case 21: A Prostitute on Page 12
Definition
Media always exposed on controversial things like sex, killers and prostitute
Principle
Aristotle's Golden Mean
Values
Moral Values
Loyalties
Public
Case 22: Dead Body Photo
Definition
How media exposed the dead body? Is too openable. Example News photographs of people mourning over 9/11, a plane crash, and the Columbine shooting.
Principle
Aristotle's Golden Mean
Values
Moral Values
Loyalties
Media reporter
TUTORIAL: Fridays 3rd February 2012
Alitalia’s crisis in the media, in this artcile they explore the Alitalia and the Italian
Government’s crisis response strategies (CRSs). Its tell how the Italian Government trying
to handle the Alitalia’s crisis and its not success. It also tell the statement from the Italian
Government how they will handle the crisis and situation after their handle, its using
analysis approach to do this research, all the materials get from official press releases and
international newspapers. In my opinion after I quickly read this article I found there not so
many reffrences they get from the international newspaper. There are two different opinion
that we can get when we reading the two different sources. But in this paper they not really
focus to another kind media for defend their statements.
Apologizing in a globalizing world: crisis communication and apologetic ethics. This paper
discuss about three apologies or statement by the Vatican that debated at University of
Regensburg in 2006. The methodology is based on case study with the rhetorical criticism
and ethics crisis communication theory. The paper also tells about new concept of meta-
apology, example when a person no need to apologize even though he do something bad,
because she/he does not to apology following heir own sociocultural order. In this section I
am not really agree, because the new concept of meta-apology also bring another negative
effects. In my opinion someone should do proper apology when they doing something
wrong. Because it will create a bad image for us if we not apology when we doing
something wrong. Another presentation talking about Attitude toward the advertising
music: an overlooked potential pitfall in commercials. This paper talk about how the music
background in commercial really important to attract the consumer. The research taken
from review of literatures in the psychology of music, consumer marketing, and advertising
to create an advertising music. I am really agree about this paper, Music background is
really needed for create a good commercial. A negative music background, or wrong music
background can affect the entire commercial, and it will be not success to achieve the
advertisement goal for attract the consumer. The last presentation talked about Balancing
and Context: Maintaining Media Ethics, its talkinga about the criteria of news. Like an
example there are so many news that not reported all, they cover some of the important
things to create a different perception of the people. Its also talking how the media playing
important role to change public minds. The main example for this paper is talking about
Iraq, and America War.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 10th February 2012
The first presentation today talking about Controlling Communications That Teach or
Demonstrate Violence: "The Movie Made Them Do It". I am really agree with this article
under our control the movie teach the violence to the public especially to the kids. I have
my own opinion, and I am really attracted with this paper. Today, the Western mass media,
with programs that show the violence, while knocking down the wall-dividing wall
between childhoods to adulthood. This phenomenon does not only happen in the West, but
also in other countries. In other words, the time children are now free to see what should
only be viewed by adults and this can be bad for the kids.
Among the various mass media, television plays the largest role in presenting information
that is not feasible and too early for children. According to media experts and psychological
problems, despite its advantages, television has a great potential in the middle of leaving a
negative impact on various segments of society, especially children. Indeed, there are
efforts to mobilize parents to steer their children to watch a program or event that is
devoted to them alone, but in practice, very few parents who pay attention to this.
Today, many children and teens in America who carry arms, either to attack others or to
protect yourself. In my opinion Children should be introduced to the chaos and unrest in the
world of life gradually and with a specific language, so that they recognize the evil is not to
imitate, but to face it and fight it. The proper way for this recognition is through the tales of
children who use the method correctly and gentle language. But unfortunately, the tales of
children are increasingly disappearing and being replaced by a loud television films and
computer games. Considering all the above facts, the government in various countries
should be aware of in order to regulate the television industry can play a positive and
constructive role for children in improving their personality. This is the most reason why
we should control the violence things in the movie.
Second presentation topic is about “Do avatars dream of electronic picket lines? The
blurring of work and play in virtual environments” These
papers try to identify about digital concepts protestainment, in addressing the
technology that allows the boundaries to become more permeable, and this leads to
a permeability which bring the new culture. There are two case studies in
this paper, Second Life and EVE Online. The second case revealing tips about
digital protestainment, through cultural borders, there by creating a culture of
hybridization. There are also interviews and textual analysis of web sites to illustrate the
concept of play, work, and the average activity. In this paper I learned that in
the virtual world of the hybridization process is increasing in size, scope, form
and function. There are also various forms of border processes of interest in
the cultural elements through a complex exchange between online and offline.
Unfortunately in this article I cannot understand the limitations of the digital process, due
to the lack of explanation from the author.
LECTURE: 13th February 2012
In this day lecture we learn about four important parts in Advertising, start from
Advertising & Commercialization of Everyday Life, Advertising & Image Based Culture,
The Media are Commercial, Advertising’s Professional Culture. Whole things can be
connected by the poem from Robert Frost “The Road not taken”
What I can learn from in this today class, can be start from the explanation in X mind, the
ethics of individuality. There are several facts about every individual in this world, first we
like to be praised, no matter from our friends or we praised our own self, we also have our
freedom to choose something for us, sometimes you choose to be not following other
people for make your own decision. So what the thesis statement in this problem “ How
advertisement and advertiser try to influence the consumers in every different way? The
advertisement is always try to encourage us to buy and try the product. How they make it?
First they attract us and get our attention, try to make us to trust that product can satisfy our
feeling. Advertising always asking about our choice, and give us option. It depend how we
capture that things, we should be a smart costumer to selective when watch the
advertisement. The advertisement always tries to persuade us to become better than our
self. What the proponents of Advertising? Advertising provides the information to the
costumer; in some industries they can fulfill the costumer want. Finally it’s based on us to
make a critical decision for try the product by saw the advertisement. Advertisement also
can satisfy our emotional needs by buying the products and its morally problematic. In
every advertisement it always contain some message, it’s also including the brand name.
Like when we talking about I-phone, we talk about luxury smart phone, all the people that
using I-phone is rich people. But sometimes an unethical advertising also can undermine
the society. Under our control the advertising try to affect us to buy something we don’t
need, but because we attract with the advertising. Advertising and unethical deployment.
There something that advertises and gives the bad effect to us, like the example of cigarette
advertisements, when finally the public is influence to thinking that smoking is a new life
style. In conclusion we are as a costumer should thinking two times, before buy the product
just from saw the advertisement, because sometimes, advertisement its always not tell the
true. Finally is it ethical to use referents in advertising? In my opinion its always depends
on what kind of advertisement is that. Sometimes in advertisement the advertiser always
uses a referent to attract the costumer. I think its not ethic if the advertiser using a referent
in a bad influence advertisement. Because of that it always depends on the advertisement.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 17th February 2012
Ethics and social networking sites: a disclosive analysis of Facebook. This paper talking
about moral values of popular social Networking site (SNS) focusing in facebook. In this
paper also follow by research paper by Brey and Introna to highlight the scope for theory
development. Based in my opinion I would be prefer if the author talking about the ethics
in social networking likes Facebook. Social networks is an application that really famous
and liked by everyone in the world. Facebook.com is the most popular social network
today. It cannot be denied with the advance technology now; Facebook can open in mobile
devices. Even Facebook can be thought of as applications that boost sales of mobile
phones. Almost all mobile phone displays can feature to access Facebook. The question is
whether ethics is needed in social networks like Facebook?
Our behavior in the social networking world is supposed to resemble the real world
behavior. If we are polite and courteous in the real world, why we do not make it same
thing in social netwroking? Communication and interaction in the environment of SNS
should be same like in reality. Internet indeed can change many things. For example, the
boundaries between old and young are often a barrier in the interaction in the real world can
be change. If in the real world we are the closed person, apparently in the virtual world we
can be rude! And what will happen next there is no safety in SNS world. One most
important thing we must know that in the virtual world we also need an ethics and law to
control our self.
Second presentation talk about “Forced pirates and the ethics of digital film”
In this paper attempted to clarify whether the file-sharing is an act that against the
ethical problems? It’s also providing solutions and strategies to avoid file-sharing and
discussing the ethical considerations surrounding the distribution alternatives.
This research on this paper try to apply the ethics of Immanuel Kant to the file sharing
problem and ideas to avoid file sharing, also strategies from media experts
and practitioners. The focus in this paper is about movie industry. Actually I am student
who still doing the pirate download movie cannot comment too much in this paper
problem. I know I am doing mistake when I download the movie from internet, but there
are several reason why I am keep doing this, the first and important reason is money
problem. For what we wasting money for buy a movie, or watching movie in cinema if we
can download it from home. We also didn’t need to wait for the movie release in cinema
because the movie already available in Internet. I am one hundred percent sure if another
student also feel the same things with me. But in my logical thinking I also thinking about
the director, producer and all the crew that trying so hard for make the movie, and we just
download it for free. I am really agree when author said “File Sharing” it has negative and
also positive aspects. The chosen for Kant theories also really suitable for this topic, that we
must never do some king of action that against the law. File sharing its absolutely wrong
but even though the public knows that, they still doing it. Technologies also help us to keep
doing these things, so we can’t do much things to stop this happen. What we can do just the
moral closer strategy to each individual to remind him or her that this is the wrong and
illegal thing.
LECTURE: Tuesdays 20th February 2012
Today is test 1, the test topic from chapter 1 to chapter 7. There is one group that presented
today. Their topic is “Human rights and online agenda setting” This paper describes
the issues of human rights in online communication by Human Right Watch (HRW) and
Amnesty International. Research was made through an online forum contents of HRW and
Amnesty International, through their website and Facebook and Twitter. Interviews were
also conducted from the expert to find out online activities related to organizational
communication communication and better understanding to human rights.
This paper focuses on issues of human rights as an end to active online communication.
NGOs are basically aiming to attract the public in the online issue and motivate the
public to take an action through media and political agenda. But now the NGO actually
intended to change the public agenda to create social change, as well as media and political
agenda is also not forgotten.
I feel this paper is quite interesting because it is state that the influence of the
media with public and political agenda. It also makes the consideration of an
agenda for theory and slipped it in more especially to the online environment.
Unfortunately in this paper did not explain further the role of the media and the public in
relation to NGOs. I feel something is missing because there are not many sources
that can explain the facts bring the media and public to bring large affection
relations with NGOs.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 24th February 2012
First topic for presentation is about “Journalists’ collective representation and editorial
content in newspapers” This paper identifies the alignment is try to pull off a bona fide
independent union for journalists in the UK,
the vocals of editorial standards and interference, but rarely take collective
action to respond to such cases. The approach used in this used in this paper is an
examination made intersection of nature and the influence of journalistic
professionalism, press material and economic interests and a particular approach to both of
these unions. And qualitative research also complements this paper.
Basically journalists and organization and does not identify its current state, thus
causing the situation to defend the professional interests by defending their
professional interests are compatible with and supports the strategy to defend their
material interests. The weak points for this paper is, the paper just focus on Journalist in
UK, it would be better if the authors try to compare two different country, and give specific
analysis for this problem. Second presentation talk about Media work and the creative
industries: Identity work, professionalism and employability. This paper focuses on how
the prospects for graduate students who have been working specifically in the field
of media. It tells how the media industry and employment in specific careers to get.
It really helps us to better understand the student as well as potential critical issues that
will arise on the joblater. Conduct this research by interviews and focus groups of
university students, how they use media production studio. Indeed, I really thanks full
after reading this paper, it gets my idea of how the job prospects after I graduate. But it
might be better if the author can give an idea about more specific majors can be achieved at
the university as well as a working example that can be achieved afterthe deepening
of it. For research can also be done with the interview of more mature companies in the
media about the job prospects of the graduate student. The last group talk about “Morality
or equality? Ideological framing in news coverage of gay marriage legitimization”
Actually I am not really understand about this paper, but this paper Tells about the ethics
issues arise from the spread of the language of mass and take-up of mobile
technology. Technology start to change all the things, it effects all the parts of
human life. It also brings the good and bad effect. The research was based on James Moor
belief in the need for the "Better Ethics" for emerging technologies and it also tell the
development of the language of Michel Foucault Jeremy Bentham's panopticon as
an oversight tool.
LECTURE: Tuesdays 27th February 2012
In my opinion the public communication in now days is really important.
Actually public communication is the process of sending and receiving a message to
every person and it also have a big effect to each people. There is something that must be
considered in this case, the message being sent should be clear and
accurately. Actually, what the purpose of public communication? It can be
distinguished with the intention of the message. As an example of a Public Relation usually
using a mass media to create a good image after the bad issues or scandal coming.
Public communication in this situation is really needed to inform and change the public
mind. It also different with the message we saw in advertising. In advertising the advertiser
using public communication to attract the target customer to buy a product. There are many
types of public communication, from the simple to the highest level. Each type of public
communication is always used in the mass media like TV, radio newspapers, and Internet.
The success of public communication is when the message sent is delivered to
the listener, reader, or audience so they can take an action after receives the messages they
get. One thing that should be avoided in any public communication is to avoid topics or
words concerning controversial matters of gender, race and religious belief. Second topic
today is about “Telling the Truth in Organizational Settings”. In my opinion all the things
should be reported with telling the truth. But in mass media it looks non-cent, in some
organization setting there are something that cover to create a different image of the news,
case. All this things is set to change the people mind.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 2nd March 2012
There are three groups that presented today, the first topic is “Not through women’s eyes:
photo-essays and the construction of a gendered tsunami disaster” I am really agree why
they using woman to create a photo essays, because the woman expression its more
attracted in public eyes. In the picture of tsunami disater its always show woman and child,
and it describes the woman and child is really weak and so sad. Under our control is create
a stereotype that describe the woman and childs is a minority that should be help. I am
really agree about the analysis for this article because there are many facts also support
their opinion, one of them is all the picture that we can saw in internet almost 90 percent it
show woman, and child picture. Second presentationis talking about “Regulating child-
related advertising in Nigeria”, in my memory Liyana is talked about the comparison of
advertising in USA, and another country that not allow children advertisement during the
program times. With her presentation I learn a lot about new things that I am never heard
before. For me also, I am not agree the advertising during the childs program. Because as
we know a child still can’t differentiate what is the good things, and bad things, they can’t
selective from get the information. All the things can come in their mind, and influence
how they grow up. Because of that when advertisement show in children program time ist
not bring a good effect to the children, or even though there are an sdvertisement at that
time it should be under control of parents when the child watch.
LECTURE: Tuesdays 5th March 2012
There are two topics that discussed in today class, “Entertainment & Violence” and
“Profits, Wealth & Public Trust” I will discuss more about the entertainment and violence.
Reflect there are many violence scene that appears in the midst of our community, made me
begin to realize the violence it’s always appear in front of our eyes as a community. And
we know, violence is an act that is forbidden because every individual has the right to live a
life with a safe, peaceful, calm. Based my research in Internet, Violence comes from Latin
violareà violatus which in English means the violence that injure or abuse. So the offense or
was intended to injure human life whether physical, verbal, psychological or structural.The
violence also has many forms and dimensions. But generally only two dimensions are
visible or not visible. What I wan to tell right now is about the violence that is always show
in mass media or advertising as an entertainment. If we're honest, many sentences are listed
in mass print media, radio or television, and advertising often contain hidden violence to
society. For example, a variety of skin whitening ads. This ad is clearly and blatantly
always expressed how white women are beautiful women. Let us imagine how a black
woman against the sentence as above. Of course if the black woman would be honest with
you, he'll say the sentence was insulting tone for black women. And make the
marginalization of black women. Harassment, marginalization is part of covert acts of
violence or is not visible. Because a person-centered psychology.
Or like the ads that show what a slender woman is a woman who is represented as an ideal
figure, lucky, beautiful, like a perfect model that says, "slim is beautiful." If among the
readers of this article is contra with woman bodied with intent that super model,
think- guess what shows up as a response in my mind? To be honest, we agree to say that
the sentence was pitched harassing her large, plump. That fat, it is ugly, unattractive, and
far from reality to a dream of the man. Of course, even this sentence is a veiled violence.
There are many-veiled fact that violence in the various mass media or advertising in the
country which we love. Therefore, it is time for us as part of this nation to prevent it from
continuing. We must say "Stop the violence hidden" it. We must realize how dangerous the
making or 'throw' to the society of a super model, photographs, paintings that actually
contain a hidden violence for most of our society. However, violence is a violation of the
rights of others, violates the will of God and violated state law.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 9th March 2012
There are four groups that presented today. The first group talk about “Social media and
cookies: challenges for online privacy” A technology is always bring a new things to
us, The emergence of Web 2.0provide something new for us, it is a social media;
a communication tool called a mass self-communication. This tool is cannot
be separate from our lives right now; we always use it almost everyday.
In this paper is told about how the social media have a positive effect is
also negative. Emphasized that the downside of social media look at the level of
privacy and data veillance. This research was made by interviewing an expert on this
issue. Then if the real problem at this time? Lots of social media users who do not
care or do not even know that they no longer have their privacy. all the information
they have been detected after a user from one of social media. With this paper I can be
more critical thinking to no longer share my personal things in social media, I used a lot to
think about the pleasure I get by being a user of social media, but subconsciously I also
experienced the loss is not direct my aware of. I think the only thing you can do to stop this
problem should start from the user manual. The weakness of this paper, they do not explain
in detail the way out of this problem. Second presentation is talk about “Social networks,
football fans, fantasy and reality: How corporate and media interests are invading our
lifeworld”
This paper discuss about the impact of digital technology on football supporters
through analysis of official and unofficial websites and media reports. Basically
the technology would have a major impact on the world of communications, and this is
used to distribute the publication to view sera against the commercial power of the great
football club. Unfortunately there are sensors and controls that affect supporters
and prevent the ideal speech situation are needed to empower fans and promote greater
participation in their club. This makes manipulation of the Media Company and keeping
priority of fans who often have more of a sense of ownership based on the historical
and cultural in their local club. There is a theory in this article the theory
of Habermas who writes the utilization of the concept of "colonization of
life world" and "communicative action" to inform the website theme and
discourse analysis and the independent football club official and media reports. In the
interest of the company was able become to manipulate public opinion and freedom. in this
case I strongly support the argument of the author, it is reviewed by the
facts given. Outline of this paper is perfect in my opinion, because there is a way
out and easily understood analysis of the situation.
Third topic is about “The influence of organizational conditions on public relations
practitioners’ dissent” One thing that I find lacking in this paper is case study in this paper
only focus on the USA. Actually if the author can give another example, like one more
country maybe. It can be better because we discuss what is the weakness and
strengths of each party Public relations in each country. Last one is “The influence of real
women in advertising on mass market fashion brand perception”
This paper talking about how the ideal weight of the user, which affects the perception of
mass fashion, brand market. This research was conduct by research from 640 students on a
web survey. In this paper I got a new thing, like the facts that every consumers interested
in fashion brands on the market when the user visits to the ideal. The interesting
thing here, is obese is something new and pure example of fashion today. I am
very interested in very different research studies I've seen before as a woman, I feel that
the weight does affect the perception of consumer brands. It also shows the key brand
personality, user image, Fashion, Apparel, Women, and individual psychology. The
weakness of this paper is from the research. I think if they do some interview with the
designer of fashion people, the reference will be more perfect.
LECTURE: Tuesdays 12th March 2012
Today in class we talked about the media scope, and censorship. I will talk more about
censorship, based on my opinion, and what I have learned in class.
Basically censorship is kind of law from government that is made to remove or
stop all forms public communication on media that contain something harm, and sensitive
issues like sexuality, religious concerns, or race. The reason why government should
control that to protect the public from something that can influence their mind and have a
bad effect to them.
In any country, not least in countries that have advanced the film industry such as the
United States, the sensor still in the safe place to control the media. Censorship is always
needed in all countries. In my opinion censorship its also important for controlling the
contain of media. When the state of censorship in the world have been unable to keep pace
with the development of media is still run, it means that institutions need to be improved.
I disagree if the controversial Freedom of expression is something to against the
censorship. In this time the creativity of people really involved in the media, but
unfortunately it’s not accompanied by wisdom and intelligence of moral values.
Because after all, even though the film is a form of freedom of
expression, it must stand in line with propriety. Governments would agree that the
media censorship is needed in order to maintain public morale. Basically why media
person do not like the presence of media censorship is always subordinate to
the public ratings. Where the public is always attracted with controversial things, something
that can be a hot gossip, while the public is not aware of with one thing that
really important they forget their own morality.
TUTORIAL: Fridays 16th March 2012
Today there are three groups that presented about their articles; one of them is my group.
My article is talk about “What are we doing? Microblogging, the ordinary private, and the
primacy of the present” Another group from Neo also presented the same article with my
group. For me this article is quite interesting. Its talking about how microblogging bring the
effect to the people. But one thing is the weakness for this article the author is too focus to
the current situation of how twitter can be so famous right now. And there is no case study
in this article. The article focus on structural feautres of microblogging. How the medium
like microblogging in the past and what kind of things that affect the microblogging right
now. There are 3 things that effect the microblogging, first one is philosophy of technology,
political philosohphy, and cultural history. Every philosophy give the effect to
microbloging, and microblogging also effect them. The second presentation talking about
Utilitarianism in Media Ethics and Its Discontents, in my opinion this paper talking more
about the philosophies of ethics that usually using for analysis model.
LECTURE: Tuesdays 19 March 2012
Today is second test for Media law and ethics start from chapters 8,9,10,11,14,15,16,17.
The question for the exam almost based on case study, most of them true and false choices.
After the test we have another presentation from Yamunah and Jessica about the
Frankenstein syndrome and ethical modeling in journalism. This paper try to explore about
impact of mega media mergers on ethical modeling that focus in journalism.
INTRODUCTION TO MASS COMMUNICATION (SM319)REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
EVALUATION FORM
Name: Gynethia Loraine Tampi
Student ID: 1000921906
Journal Entries are rated on each point by using this scale:
GRADING SCALE DESCRIPTION0 – Unprepared
May ignore topics or questions. Thin, inadequate, incomplete. The unadapted, unprepared answer. One-liner or in point form. Last minute ‘cut & paste’ rush job from websites or blogs.
1 – Poor Irrelevant content – student obviously making up narration as he either did not attend classes / was not listening; simplistic narration, summary or account. Incompleteness. Confused, even non-existent. Slack, incorrect, possibly inappropriate. Possible ‘cut & paste’ from websites &blogs.
2 – Fair More relaxed application. Usually follows obvious line; may present a stock answer reasonable adapted for the purpose. Ordinary, comprehensible, perhaps rather colorless.
3 – Average Moderately full. Still relevant but perhaps implicitly so. Less controlled and applied.
4 – Good Argument should be evident, but probably less controlled and purposeful. May plod a bit.
5 – Excellent Full. Will note subtlety, complexities and possible disagreements where these are relevant. Will discuss. Full, relevant and incisive with sufficient and apt example. Progressive, pertinently focused, convincing, well constructed. Clear, incisive, correct and even elegant. Creative and able to think outside the box.
AREAS GRADING SCALECOMPULSORY – YOUR LEARNING FOR THE WEEK1. Summary of Learning – includes
the major areas of content found in the lectures, tutorials and reading materials for the week
0 1 2 3 4 5
2. Personal Learning – This should cover items that have personally impacted your thinking and practice
0 1 2 3 4 5
3. Application to Career & Professional Goals – This should include information pertinent to your current and future career
0 1 2 3 4 5
CRITICAL ANSWERS / ENTRIES OF TOPICS & QUESTIONS FOR 7 WEEKS4. SUMMARY of the various views of
the topic being presented0 1 2 3 4
5
5. ARGUE your point of view – your CONCLUSION & PREMISES
0 1 2 3 4 5
6. RELATE the topic to yourself as an individual and to your community, Malaysian society and the world at
0 1 2 3 4 5
largeADDITIONAL TOPIC, FALLACY OR ISSUE(S) IN VARIOUS MEDIUM7. SUMMARISE the background as to
how you have come across the topic, issue or fallacy
0 1 2 3 4 5
8. SUMMARISE the various views of the topic or issue
0 1 2 3 4 5
9. ARGUE your point of view – your CONCLUSION & PREMISES
0 1 2 3 4 5
10. RELATE the impact of the topic to yourself as an individual and to your community or Malaysian society at large
0 1 2 3 4 5
ADDITIONAL CRITERIA11.CANDOUR 0 1 2 3 4
5
12.ACADEMIC INTEGRITY 0 1 2 3 4
5
13. INTELLECTUAL CURIOUSITY 0 1 2 3 4
5
14. Your CREATIVE IMAGINATION as you become attune to or become aware of how different things are inter-related and can have an impact on improving your critical thinking skills on issues relating to Mass Communication
0 1 2 3 4
5
15. Your ABILITY and EFFORT to use and apply critical thinking skills to the topics learned in class
0 1 2 3 4
5
TOTAL: /75
COMMENTS:
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________