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THE

AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL

VOLUME 83

January 2009 — December 2009

GENERAL EDITOR

MR JUSTICE P W YOUNG AO

PRODUCTION EDITOR

CHERYLE KING

ASSISTANT GENERAL EDITOR

ANGELINA GOMEZ

INDEX

ALAN WALKER BA (Hons), DipLib

THOMSON REUTERS

2009

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The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 iii

The mode of citation of this volume of the AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL will be: (2009) 83 ALJ

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL TABLE OF AUTHORS ........................................................................ v TABLE OF CASES............................................................................... ix AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL, VOL 83,

No 1, January 2009 to No 12, December 2009 .................. 1-852 INDEX................................................................................................... 853

AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS CASE REPORTERS ............................................................................. v TABLE OF CASES REPORTED ......................................................... vii CORRIGENDA ..................................................................................... xi AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS, VOL 83 ....................... 1-1238 INDEX................................................................................................... 1239

ARRANGEMENT OF INDEXES AND TABLES OF CASES

• There are separate Indexes and Tables of Cases to ALJ and ALJR.

• The ALJ Index covers all the material in the Journal. In addition there is an Index of Authors covering the feature articles. The Table of Cases is a table for this volume of all English, Australian, and other decisions, which have formed the subject matter of explanation and comment in articles and in notes and paragraphs in the various departments of the Journal.

• The ALJR Index and Table of Cases relate solely to the cases reported in the Reports, that is, to cases decided by the High Court of Australia.

Comprehensive Tables of Contents for each monthly Part are available at http://www.thomsonreuters.com.au/support/ps_index.asp

iv The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 v

TABLE OF AUTHORS

AITKEN, LEE — Discretion, Power and the “Accrued” Jurisdiction of the Family Court ................................................ 694 Share Trading and the “Clog” on the Equity of Redemption ................................................................. 237

ANGYAL SC, ROBERT — Enforceability of Agreements to Mediate: Seventeen Years after Hooper Bailie ................................. 299

ASHBOLT, ALICE — Legislated and Reasoned Away: Death of the Doctrine of Shareholder Ratification ........................... 525

BANNAN, CONOR — Accessorial Liability under the Trade Practices Act .............................................................................. 407

BASTIN, LUCAS AND JUSTICE BRIAN TAMBERLIN — In-House Counsel, Legal Professional Privilege and “Independence ................................................... 193

BEVAN, CHRISTOPHER — Waiver of Contractual Rights: A Non Sequitur ..................................................................................... 817

BRENNER, CHIEF JUSTICE DONALD I — Cross Border Court Communications ..................................................................................................... 90

CAMPBELL, J C — Exercise by Superannuation Trustees of Discretionary Powers ............................................................ 159 Some Historical and Policy Aspects of the Law of Equitable Liens ..................................................... 97

CLARKE SC, GRAEME S — Confidential Information and Trade Secrets: When is a Trade Secret in the Public Domain? ............. 242

CREMEAN, DR DAMIEN J — The Inter-State Commission: Rethinking the Wheat Case .................................................................... 765

CROUCHER, PROF ROSALIND F — Quirks and Curios: Rescued Footnotes in the History of Succession Law ........................................... 609 Towards Uniform Succession in Australia ............................................................................................. 728

vi The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83

DESIATNIK, DR R J — Trade Practices Act, s 53(e): When will they ever learn? ...................................................................... 689

FRENCH, CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERT S — Intellectual Property: Living in the Twilight Zone ................................................................................. 806

GLEESON SC, HON MURRAY — The Purpose of Litigation ........................................................................................................................ 601

HATZISTERGOS, JOHN — Federation and Culture: Reflections on the Australian Constitution ..................................................... 810

HEEREY QC, HON PETER — Andrew Inglis Clark: The Man and his Legacy ..................................................................................... 199

HOEL, DR ADRIAN — What Rights do you Take to Prison? Habeas Corpus and Prison Conditions ....................................... 395

HOLMES QC, MALCOLM — Drafting an Effective International Arbitration Clause .......................................................................... 305

KIRBY AC CMG, JUSTICE MICHAEL — Is Legal History Now Ancient History? ................................................................................................. 31

MCBAIN, GRAHAM S — Abolishing the Crime of Sedition: Part 2 ................................................................................................ 449

MCGOWAN SC, GLENN — IceTV v Nine Network and the Copyright in Factual Compilations in Australia ................................. 840

MACINTYRE, AMRIT — Taxation of Investments by Foreign Sovereigns .................................................................................... 752

MANTZIARIS, CHRISTOS — The Member’s Right to Inspect the Company Books: Corporations Act, s 247A ................................ 621

PAGONE, G T — Centipedes, Liars and Unconscious Bias ................................................................................................ 255

RYAN SC, DERMOT — The Queen’s Case .................................................................................................................................... 669

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 vii

SALTER, BRENT — Early Interactions Between Indigenous People and Settlers in Australia’s First Criminal Court ......... 56

SPIGELMAN AC, HON J J — Cross-Border Insolvency: Co-operation or Conflict .............................................................................. 44 The Hague Choice of Court Convention and International Commercial Litigation ............................. 386 The Traditionality of the Law ................................................................................................................. 447

TAMBERLIN, JUSTICE BRIAN AND LUCAS BASTIN — In-House Counsel, Legal Professional Privilege and “Independence” .................................................. 193

TWOMEY, ANNE — The Fijian Coup Cases: The Constitution, Reserve Powers and the Doctrine of Necessity ................. 319

WALKER, PAUL — Vicarious Liability for Exemplary Damages: A Matter of Strict Liability? .......................................... 548

WOTHERSPOON, SCOTT — Translating the Public Law “May” into the Common Law “Ought”: The Case for a Unique Common

Law Cause of Action for Statutory Negligence ...................................................................... 331

YOUNG AO, JUSTICE PETER W — Fiduciary Obligations and Trustees in Bankruptcy ................................................................................ 263 Quasi-Trusts ............................................................................................................................................ 181 Speech to the Australian Lawyers Phil-Hellenic Association ................................................................ 704

_______________

viii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 ix

* This Table includes only cases referred to in articles, notes etc, of the Journal. There is a separate Table of Cases Reported in the ALJR.

TABLE OF CASES*

A

Abbatangelo v Whittlesea City Council, 261 Abbey National plc v Customs & Excise Commissioners,

724 Abebe v Commonwealth, 697 Aberaman Ironworks v Wickens (1868), 100, 110, 114 ACCC — see Australian Competition & Consumer

Commission Accordent Pty Ltd v Bresimark Nominees Pty Ltd, 220 Acehill Investments Pty Ltd v Incitec Ltd, 622, 626, 629,

631, 636–637 Adams v Kennedy, 562–564 Administration of Papua and New Guinea. — see Papua

and New Guinea (Administration) Adsett v Berlouis, 264 Affiliated Ute Citizens v United States, 594 AG — see Attorney-General Agisaliou v Agisaliou [No 2], 695, 697 Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Atkinson, 824–

825, 831, 834 Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 817–

819, 823–839 Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd,

442 Airbus Industry GIE v Patel, 393 Aird, Re; Ex parte Alpert, 41 Aiton Australia Pty Ltd v Transfield Pty Ltd, 300–301,

303, 316 Aktiebolaget Hassle v Alphapharm Pty Ltd, 250 Akzo Nobel Chemicals Ltd v Commission of the

European Communities, 194–196 Al-Kateb v Godwin, 42, 226, 490 Alati v Kruger, 123–124 Albert Life Assurance Co, Re (1870), 103–104, 106 Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory

Revenue, 805 Alchemy Estates Ltd v Astor, 445 Aldred (1909). — see R v Aldred (1909) Alfa Laval Cheese Systems Ltd v Wincanton Engineering

Ltd, 251 Alfadda v Fenn, 374 Alfred Crompton Amusement Machines Ltd v Customs &

Excise Commissioners [No 2], 194 Ali v Hartley Poynton Ltd, 558

Alister v The Queen (1984), 683–684 Allcoe Steel (Qld) Pty Ltd v Torres Strait Gold Pty Ltd,

299 Allen v Maddock (1858), 731 Allianz SpA v West Tankers Inc, 389 Allstate Life Insurance Co v Australia & New Zealand

Banking Group Ltd [No 3], 630 Almon (1765), 476 Almon (1770), 476, 482 Alstom, Re, 374 AM & S Europe Ltd v Commission of the European

Communities (Case /79), 193–196 Amalgamated Metal Workers Union of Australia; Ex parte

Shell Co of Australia Ltd, 174 Anderson v Commonwealth, 772 Angas Law Services Pty Ltd v Carabelas, 527, 529, 531–

533, 537–539, 542–543, 546 Angel Solicitors v Jenkins O’Dowd & Barth, 719 Anixter v Home-Stake Production Co, 592 Anns v Merton London Borough Council, 332, 340 Ansell Rubber Co Pty Ltd v Allied Rubber Industries Pty

Ltd, 243 Ansett v Moss, 610 Ansett Transport Industries (Operations) Pty Ltd v Wraith,

260 Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd v Australian National

University, 715 Apache Northwest Pty Ltd v Newcrest Mining Ltd, 699 APC Logistics Pty Ltd v CJ Nutracon Pty Ltd, 307 Areva NC (Australia) Pty Ltd v Summit Resources

(Australia) Pty Ltd [No 2], 622 Aribisala v St James Homes (Grosvenor Dock) Ltd (No 2),

524 Aristoc Industries Pty Ltd v RE Wenham (Builders) Pty

Ltd, 238 Arnold v Minister Administering the Water Management

Act 200, 695 ASC — see Australian Securities Commission Asciak v Australian Secured and Managed Mortgages Pty

Ltd, 638 Ascot Four Pty Ltd v ACCC, 691 Ashbury v Reid, 417 Ashe v National Westminster Bank plc, 222 ASIC — see Australian Securities and Investments

Commission

x The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


Associated Provincial Picture House Ltd v Wednesbury Corp, 340–342

Attorney-General (Vic) v Andrews, 8 Attorney-General v Aspinall (1837), 190 Attorney General (Cth) v Breckler, 160, 164, 178–179 Attorney-General v Brown (1847), 128 Attorney-General (ACT) v Eastman, 726 Attorney-General (Manitoba) v Forest, 329 Attorney-General v Guardian Newspapers, 248 Attorney General (UK) v Heinemann Publishers Australia

Pty Ltd, 248 Attorney General (Cth); Ex Rel McKinlay v

Commonwealth, 328 Auckland District Law Society v DA Constable Syndicate

386, 383 Augold NL, Re, 626–629, 631 Austin v Keele, 224 Austral Brick Co Pty Ltd v Daskalovski, 267 Australian Broadcasting Commission v Australasian

Performing Right Association Ltd, 169 Australian Broadcasting Corp v Lenah Game Meats Pty

Ltd, 242 Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth

(Communist Party Case), 850 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Allans Music Group Pty Ltd, 690–692 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Ascot

Four Pty Ltd, 690–691 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Ascot

Four Pty Ltd [No 2], 692–693 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd [No 3], 417 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd, 597 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Carrerabenz Diamond Industries Pty Ltd, 690, 692 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Francis, 409 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Global Prepaid Communications Pty Ltd, 421 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Harbin Pty Ltd, 690, 692 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v IMB

Group Pty Ltd, 415 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Michigan Group, 421 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Prouds Jewellers Pty Ltd, 691–692 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Telstra Corp Ltd, 692–693 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Terania Pty Ltd, 689–690, 692

Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v Universal Sports Challenge Ltd, 420–422

Australian Football League v The Age Co Ltd, 251 Australian Mutual Provident Society v 400 St Kilda Road

Pty Ltd, 796 Australian Ocean Line Pty Ltd v West Australian

Newspapers Ltd, 413–414 Australian Olives Ltd v Livadaras, 294–295 Australian Rural Expo Pty Ltd v Fibrenova Ltd, 421 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v

Adler, 408, 410 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v

Australian Investors Forum Pty Ltd [No 2], 417 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v

Edensor Nominees Pty Ltd, 697–698 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v

Maxwell, 417 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich,

686–688 Australian Securities Commission v Marlborough Gold

Mines Ltd, 166, 285–286 Autodata Ltd v Boyce’s Automotive Data Pty Ltd, 243 Autodesk Inc v Dyason [No 2], 842 Automatic Self-Cleaning Filter Syndicate Co Ltd v

Cunninghame [1906], 625 Avanes v Marshall, 638 AWA Ltd v Daniels (t/a Deloitte Haskins & Sells), 534 AWB (International) Ltd v Tradesmen International (PVT)

Ltd, 318 AXA Asia Pacific Holdings Ltd v Direct Share Purchasing

Corp Pty Ltd, 444

B

B Pty Ltd v K, 18–19 Backwell v Australia, 560 Baden Delvaux v Société Générale, 411, 415 Baigent v Random House, 846 Bailey v Department of Land & Water Conservation, 717 Bailey v Medical Defence Union Ltd, 626 Baines, In the Marriage of, 590 Baker (1688), 475, 483 Baker v Local Government Superannuation Scheme Pty

Ltd, 165–166, 170, 176–177 Bamford v Bamford, 526, 530, 537, 542 Bank Mellat v Helliniki Techniki SA, 314 Bank of Bombay v Suleiman Sonji (1908), 625, 628 Bank of New Zealand v Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, 233 Banks v Goodfellow (1870), 611, 618 Barclays Bank v Estates & Commercial Ltd, 125–127 Barclays Bank Ltd v Quistclose Investments Ltd, 122, 125

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xi


Barker v Cox (1876), 114, 123 Barker v Stickney, 100 Barnardistan (1684), 476, 481 Barnes v Addy, 190 Barns v Barns, 750 Barrack Mines Ltd v Grants Patch Mining Ltd [No 1],

627, 633 Barrack Mines Ltd v Grants Patch Mining Ltd [No 2],

623, 626–628, 631, 633, 637 Barrett v Hartley (1866), 264 Barrier Wharfs Ltd v W Scott Fell & Co Ltd, 442 Basham, Re (1883), 99 Basic Inc v Levinson, 592, 594 Bastwick, Burton and Prynne (1637), 475,480 Batten v Wedgwood Coal & Iron Co, 99 Baxter (1685), 475, 481 Bay Bon Investments v Selvarajah, 83 Bay Hotel & Resort Ltd v Cavalier Construction Co Ltd,

317 Bazley v Curry, 554 Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies

Master Fund Ltd, Re, 47, 218 Bear(e) (or Bere) (1699), 477, 481 Beck v Beck, 17 Beconwood Securities Pty Ltd v Australia & New Zealand

Banking Group Ltd, 237–239 Bective (Countess) v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth),

184–186 Bedford (1711), 481 Behrooz v Secretary, Immigration & Multicultural &

Indigenous Affairs, 401 Beirnstein, Re; Barnett v Beirnstein, 98, 117–118 Bell v Western Australia, 555–556 Bellgrove v Loveridge, 296 Beloved Wilkes Charity, Re (1851), 162–163, 175 Beneficial Finance Corp Ltd v Karavas, 165 Bennetts v Board of Fire Commissioners (NSW), 638 Benson v Frederick (1766), 563–564 Bere — see Bear Bergman v Bergman [2009], 702 Bergman v Bergman [No 6] [2008], 695–696, 701 Bernard v Attorney-General of Jamaica, 554 Berowra Holdings Pty Ltd v Gordon, 694 Bersch v Drexel Firestone Inc, 374 Betcorp Ltd, Re, 217–218 Beveridge, Will of (1905), 731 Biala Pty Ltd v Mallina Holdings Ltd, 628–629, 631, 634 Bigg v Suzi, 17 Billinghurst v Vickers (1810), 618 Binns and Jones (1797), 452, 475, 484 Birkett v Birkett (1908), 185 BIS Cleanaway (t/as CHEP) v Tatale, 238

Bishop, In Marriage of, 700 Blacktown City Council v Hocking, 235 Bland v Levi, 795 Bliss (1719), 484 Bluescope Steel Ltd v Kelly, 251 Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co (1856), 337 BMW of North America Inc v Gore, 23, 25–26 Bodruddaza v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural

Affairs, 694 Body Corporate No 413424R v Sheppard, 724–725 Boilermakers’ Case — see R v Kirby; Ex parte

Boilermakers’ Society of Australia Boland v Yates Property Corp, 148 Bond v Kent (1692), 102 Bond Worth Ltd, Re, 110, 118–119 Borland’s Trustee v Steel Bros Ltd (1901), 625 Bottrill v A, 551, 559 Boucher v R (1951), 453, 468, 470, 472–475, 483 Boulton v Saunders, 735–737 Boumediene v Bush, 41 Bowen Investments Pty Ltd v Tabcorp Holdings Ltd, 365 Boyarsky v Taylor, 512–514 BP Australia Pty Ltd v Brown, 439 Braes of Doune Wind Farm (Scotland) Ltd v Alfred

McAlpine Business Services Ltd, 314 Brambles Security Services Ltd v Bi-Lo Pty Ltd, 239 Brandy v Human Rights & Equal Opportunities

Commission, 177, 772 Breen v Williams, 244, 246 Brentwood Brick & Coal Co (1876), 106 Brewster (1663), 475, 480 Brick & Pipe Industries Ltd v Occidental Life Nominees

Pty Ltd, 527 Bride v Commissioner for Corporate Affairs, 629–630 Bridges v McPhail, 513 Briellat (1793), 451, 475, 482 Briginshaw v Briginshaw, 261 British Horseracing Board v William Hill, 848 Brock, Re Estate of, 610 Brodie v Singleton Shire Council, 332–334, 337–338,

340–341, 344 Brogden v Brown, 618 Brookton Co-operative Society Ltd v Commissioner of

Taxation (Cth), 758 Broom v Morgan, 555–556 Broome v Cassell & Co, 549–550, 556, 564 Broughton v Snook, 513 Brown (1678), 475, 481 Brown (1706), 474, 481 Brown v Allen, 306 Browning v Crowley, 302 Bryant v Blake, 735

xii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


Buckland v Pocknell (1843), 103, 106 Buckley v Millar, 611 Burdett — see R v Burdett Burger King Corp v Hungry Jack’s Corp, 303 Burgess v Wheate (1759), 102, 111–112, 120 Burghall (Assignees of) v Howard (1759), 108–109 Burgundy Royale Investments Pty Ltd v Westpac Banking

Corp, 699 Burke v Frasers Lorne Pty Ltd, 222–223, 795 Burland v Earle, 526, 537, 625 Burn v London & South Wales Coal Co, 625 Burns (1886), 468, 470–471, 484 Burton and the Saddlers Co, Re (1861), 625 Butt v Conant (1820), 453 Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd, 81 Byron Bay Retirement Villages Pty Ltd v Zandata Pty Ltd,

367

C

C, in Marriage of, 696 C v D, 315 C (A Patient), Re, 735 Cackett v Keswick [1902], 241 Cadbury v Standard Newspapers, 493 Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd, 249 Caledonian Collieries Ltd v Spiers, 333 Callow v Rupchev, 721 Cambridge v Rous (1802), 731 Cambridge Gas Transport Corp v Official Committee of

Unsecured Creditors of Navigator Holdings Ltd, 49

Cameron v Board of Trustees of the State Public Sector Superannuation Scheme, 179

Cameron v Hills, 740 Canada Bay (City of) Council v Bonaccorso Pty Ltd, 656–

657 Canterbury Bankstown Rugby League Football Club Ltd v

Rogers, 556–557 Capital Finance Co Ltd v Stokes, 116–119, 125 Caple v All Fasteners (WA) (a firm), 419 Carabelas v Scott, 530–531, 538 Carapark Holdings Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth),

758 Carbotech-Australia Pty Ltd v Yates, 81–82 Carlile (1831), 457, 483 Carlton & United Breweries Ltd v Castlemaine Tooheys

Ltd, 699 Carr (1680), 476, 481 Carruthers v Connolly, 780 Casella v Hewitt, 155

Cassie v Koumans, 731 Cassidy v NRMA Health Pty Ltd, 409 Caterpillar of Australia Pty Ltd v Industrial Court of New

South Wales, 694 Cattanach v Melchior, 813 Caunt (1947), 472, 483 Caveat Pty Ltd v Baillile, 628–630, 636 CCH Canadian Ltd v Law Society of Upper Canada, 848 Cellier (1680), 477, 481 Central Bank of Denver v First Interstate Bank of Denver,

591–594 Central Bayside General Practice Association Ltd v

Commissioner of State Revenue (Vic), 36 Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 88,

228–230 Cescastle Pty Ltd v Renak Holdings Ltd, 626, 628–629,

633 Cetojevic v Cetojevic, 740 Chambers (1629), 476, 483 Chammas v Harwood Nominees Pty Ltd, 165, 171 Chandler v Broughton, 559 Chandra v Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd, 658 Chapman v Tanner (1684), 101 Chapman Bros v Verco Bros Ltd, 238 Charles, Re, 522 Charlton v Members of the Teachers Tribunal, 175 Chartbrook Ltd v Persimmon Homes Ltd, 727 Chellew v Excell, 382 Chief Commissioner of Stamp Duties (NSW) v Buckle,

112 Chief Constable of the Greater Manchester Police v Wigan

Athletic AFC Ltd, 726–727 Choudhury (1991) — see R v Chief Metropolitan

Stipendiary Magistrate; Ex parte Choudhury Christopher v Christopher, 617 Chuen v Laredo Pty Ltd, 623 Church v Echuca Regional Health, 260 Citrus Queensland Pty Ltd v Sunstate Orchards Pty Ltd

[No 7], 421 City of Canada Bay Council v Bonaccorso Pty Ltd, 656–

657 City of Keilor v O’Donohue, 150 CL-Alexanders Laing & Cruickshank v Goldfield, 375 Claremont Petroleum NL, Re [No 1], 629 Claremont Petroleum NL, Re [No 2], 624, 634–636 Claremont Petroleum NL v Australian Gas Light Co, 625–

626, 628–629, 631–632 Clarence House Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc, 724 Clark v Royle (1830), 105–106 Clark King and Co Pty Ltd v Australian Wheat Board, 768 Clarke (1729), 475, 481

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xiii


Clarkson v Clarkson, 590 Clifford v Solid Investments Australia Pty Ltd, 720–721 Cloud Top Ltd v Toma Services Pty Ltd, 512 Clough Engineering Ltd v Origin Energy Resources, 315 Coast Reo v Asset Builders, 628 Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd, 29–30, 597 Cobbett (1804), 453–454, 482 Cobbett (1831), 457, 483 Coco v AN Clark (Engineers) Ltd, 242–243 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority

(NSW), 169 Cohen & Co v Ockerby & Co Ltd, 169 Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd v FKP Ltd, 248 Colgate-Palmolive Co v Cussons Pty Ltd, 250 Collier v Electrum Acceptance Pty Ltd, 418–419, 422 Collingridge v Sontor Pty Ltd, 151 Collins (1839), 458, 462, 467–469, 476, 483 Collins v Collins [No 2] (1862), 100, 105, 127 Collins v Northern Territory, 807 Comandate Marine Corp v Pan Australia Shipping Pty

Ltd, 307, 310–311 Combe v Lord Swaythling, 110 Combet v Commonwealth, 41, 490 Combined Beneficiaries Union Inc v Auckland COGS

Committee, 524 Comeau’s Sea Foods Ltd v Canada (Minister of Fisheries

& Oceans), 661 Commercial & General Acceptance Ltd v Nixon, 580 Commissioner of Fair Trading v De Bray, 421–422 Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) v EA Marr and Sons

(Sales Ltd, 758 Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) v Sara Lee Household &

Body Care (Aust) Pty Ltd, 527 Commissioners for Special Purposes of Income Tax v

Pemsel, 38 Commonwealth v Anti-Discrimination Tribunal

(Tasmania), 84–85 Commonwealth v Griffiths, 555–556 Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) (Tasmanian Dam

Case), 201 Commonwealth v Verwayen, 819, 829–830, 834, 838 Commonwealth v Wood, 84 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Friedrich, 534 Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme Board v Dexter,

180 Communist Party Case — see Australian Communist Party

v Commonwealth Compaq Computer Australia Pty Ltd v Merry, 414 Comptroller-General of Customs v Woodlands Enterprises

Pty Ltd, 238 Computershare Ltd v Perpetual Registrars Ltd [No 2], 303,

316

Congresbury Motors Ltd v Anglo-Belge Finance Co Ltd, 125

Connor v Pukerau Store Ltd, 836 Cook v Cook, 34, 599–600 Cook v Deeks, 530, 536–537, 542 Cook v Pasminco Ltd, 699 Cooper (1843), 462, 475, 484 Cooper v Stuart (1889), 150 Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores

(Holdings) Ltd, 301 Corish v Attorney-General’s Dept (NSW), 176 Corrs Pavey Whiting & Byrne v Collector of Customs

(Vic), 243 Corunna Bay Holdings Pty Ltd v Robert Gracie Dean Ltd,

440 Cotogno v Lamb, 552 Cotogno v Lamb [No 3], 552 Counties Manukau Trust v Manukau City Council, 521 County Securities Pty Ltd v Challenger Group Holdings

Pty Ltd, 81 Coventry v Charter Pacific Corp Ltd, 38 Cowan v Scargill, 160 Cowell v Corrective Services Commission (NSW), 556 Cox v Minister for Immigration, Multicultural &

Indigenous Affairs, 396 CPT Manager Ltd v Chief Commissioner of State

Revenue (NSW), 759 CPT Custodian Pty Ltd v Commissioner of State Revenue

(Vic), 759 Craine v Colonial Mutual Fire Insurance Co Ltd, 819, 829 Crimmins v Stevedoring Industry Finance Committee,

332–334, 341, 343 Crocodile Marketing v Griffith Vintners, 409 CSR Ltd v Della Maddalena, 259 CTM v The Queen, 89 Cuthell (1799), 452, 482 Czerwinski v Syrena Royal Pty Ltd [No 1], 624, 630, 634

D

D (J), Re, 522 DaimlerChrysler AG Securities Litigation, Re, 375 Dais Studio Pty Ltd v Bullet Creative Pty Ltd, 243 Dalban v Romania, 479 Dallal v Bank Mellat, 314 Dalton (1716), 481, 483 Dalton (1717), 474, 481 Dangerfield (1685), 477, 481 Daniels v Daniels, 533 Daniels v Thompson, 550–553

xiv The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


Dansk Rekylriffel Syndikat Aktieselskab v Snell [1908], 100

D’Aquila v Lambert (1761), 108 Darby v Ouseley (1856), 684 Darling Island Stevedoring & Lighterage Co Ltd v Long,

555 Dart Industries Inc v David Bryar & Associates Pty Ltd,

244, 246, 251 Dartberg Pty Ltd v Wealthcare Financial Planning Pty Ltd,

699 Dashfield v Davidson, 441 Data Access Corp v Powerflex Services Pty Ltd, 842 Davidson v Fish, 260 Davies v Littlejohn, 104, 106, 114, 119 Davies v Thomas (1900), 99 Davis v Rio Tinto Staff Superannuation Fund Pty Ltd, 161 De Bruyn v South Australia, 556 De Gois v Korp, 735–737 De Haber v Queen of Portugal, 753 De Libellis Famosis (1605), 457, 469, 473, 475, 477, 480 Dean of St Asaph/Shipley (1783), 482 Defoe (1703), 475, 481 Del Casale v Artedomus (Aust) Pty Ltd, 242–243 Dell Computer Corp v Union des Consommateurs, 307,

313 Denne v Light (1857), 513 D’Eon (1764), 476 Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Dick, 533, 541 Design Progression Ltd v Thurloe Properties Ltd, 796 Designers Guild v Russell Williams (Textiles), 847 Desktop Marketing Systems Pty Ltd v Telstra Corp Ltd,

840, 846–847 Deta Nominees Pty Ltd v Viscount Plastic Products Pty

Ltd, 243, 245, 254 Dew v Clark (1826), 611, 618 Dimension Data Australia Pty Ltd v Kepper, 410 Dinn v Grant (1852), 114 Director of Public Prosecutions v Arab, 443 Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) v Bone, 88–89 Director of Public Prosecutions v Nock, 417 Diver v Neal, 751 Dixon v Cargill Meat Processors Pty Ltd, 381 Dixon v Gayfere (1857), 103, 105–106, 127 Dixon v Gayfere [No 3] (1885), 105–106 Dobbs v National Bank of Australasia Ltd, 595 Doe d Lancashire v Lancashire (1792), 617 Dooney v Henry, 328 Dorchester Hotel Ltd v Vivid Interiors Ltd, 665–666 Dorajay Pty Ltd v Aristocrat Leisure Ltd, 296 Dornan v Riordan, 261 Dorset Yacht Club Co Ltd v Home Office, 331, 335, 340–

341, 344

D’Ora-Ekenaike v Victoria Legal Aid, 377 Douglas v Hello! Ltd, 245 Doulton Potteries Ltd v Bronotte, 238 Downes v Craig (1841), 188 Downey v Carlson Hotels Asia Pacific Pty Ltd, 421 DPP — see Director of Public Prosecutions Drakard (1811), 454 Drake (1706), 474, 481 Drinkwater v Goodwin (1775), 98 Dronfield Silkstone Colliery Co, Re [No 2], 99 Duffin and Lloyd (1792), 450, 476, 482 Duff (1846), 483 Duncan, Will of, 731 Dundee General Hospitals Board of Management v

Walker, 160, 163–165 Duomatic Ltd, Re, 527 Dutton v Bognor Regis Urban District Council, 332 Dyce Sombre (1856), 611 Dynamic Investments Pte Ltd v Lee Chee Kian Silas, 290 Dysart Timbers Ltd v Nielsen, 523

E

E & J Gallo Winery v Lion Nathan Australia Pty Ltd, 384–385

Eades (1686), 483 Earl of Darnley v Proprietors of London, Chatham &

Dover Railway (1867), 819 East Suffolk River Catchment Board v Kent, 338–340 Eaton (1793), 451, 475, 482 Eaton (1794), 452, 482 Edensor — see Australian Securities and Investments

Commission v Edensor Nominees Pty Ltd Edge v Apple, 846 Edman v Ross, 625, 631–632, 638 Edmonds (1821), 461, 475, 484 Edwards v Attorney-General (NSW), 533 Edwards v Halliwell, 625 Elbe Shipping SA v Ship “Global Peace”, 695 Elders New Zealand Ltd v PGG Wrightson Ltd, 380 Elders Trustee & Executor Co Ltd v Commissioner of

Taxation (Higgins case), 166, 265 Elders Trustee & Executor Co Ltd v Commonwealth

Homes & Investment Co Ltd, 829 Electronic Industries Ltd v David Jones Ltd, 832–833 Elizabeth Bay Developments Pty Ltd v Boral Building

Services Pty Ltd, 300, 303, 316 Elliot v Crawford, 89 Elliot v Edwards (1802), 102 Ellis v Hunt (1789), 109 Emerson v Custom Credit Corp Ltd, 148

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xv


Emmott v Michael Wilson & Partners Ltd, 312 ENT Pty Ltd v Sunraysia, 634, 637–638 EPI Environmental Technologies Inc v Symphony Plastic

Technologies Inc, 251–253 Epic Feast Pty Ltd v Mawson KLM Holdings Pty Ltd, 240 Equititrust Ltd v Franks, 723–724 Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Antonopoulos, 78–79 Equuscorp Pty Ltd v Glengallan Investments Pty Ltd, 10 Erich Gasser GmbH v MISAT Srl, 389 Esso Australia Resources Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation

(Cth), 197 Esso Australia Resources Ltd v Plowman, 312 Estex Clothing Manufacturers Pty Ltd v Ellis, 384–385 Eureka Funds Management Ltd v Freehills Services Pty

Ltd, 76, 220 Eurofood IFSC, Re, 47 Eurogold Ltd v Oxus Holdings (Malta) Ltd, 699 Europe & Overseas Commodity Traders SA v Banque

Paribas London, 374 Ewers (1691), 474, 481 Exhibition Marketing Pty Ltd v Richmond Valley Council,

151–152 Exxon Shipping Co v Baker, 23–26

F

F v Ling, 88 F Hoffman-La Roche Ltd v Empagran SA, 376 Fair Trading, Commissioner of v De Bray, 421–422 Falcke v Scottish Imperial Insurance Co (1886), 727 Farah Constructions Pty Ltd v Say-Dee Pty Ltd, 166, 190,

285, 411 Feather v The Queen, 555 Federation of Pakistan — see Pakistan (Federation) Feist Publications, Inc v Rural Telephone Service Co, 840,

848 Fencott v Muller, 422, 699 Fenwick, Re, 522–523 Ferguson v British Gas Trading Ltd, 723 Fiji (Republic) v Prasad, 320–322, 324, 327–328 Finance Brokers Supervisory Board v Van Stokkum, 556 Finlayson, In Marriage of, 698 Finlayson v Campbell, 794 Fiona Trust & Holding Corp v Yuri Privalov, 311 Firth v Centrelink, 99 Fisher v Fisher, 702 Fitzpatrick (1813), 454–455, 476, 483 Fletcher, Re; Ex parte Papaleo, 735 Florgale Uniforms Pty Ltd v Orders, 580 Floridienne SA & Berginvest SA v Belgian State, 758 Forbes Engineering (Asia) Pte Ltd v Forbes [No 4], 595–

596

Forge v Australian Securities & Investments Commission, 529, 534, 537, 539, 542

Forgeard v Shanahan, 597–598 Fortson Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia, 148–

149 Foss v Harbottle (1843), 526, 534, 540, 542, 544, 625–

626, 631–632 Fox v Percy, 259, 823 Foxworth Pty Ltd v Polwood Pty Ltd, 253 Franchi v Franchi, 251 Francis v Francis, 99 Francis Travel Marketing Pty Ltd v Virgin Atlantic

Airways Ltd, 307 Francklin (1731), 476, 482 Franklin v Giddins, 244 Freeman v New South Wales Rural Assistance Authority,

304 French, Re (1868), 185 French v Barcham, 597–598 French Caledonia Travel, Re, 99 French Republic v Board of Supervisors of Jefferson

County, 757 Friend v Brooker, 726 Frost (1793), 450, 475, 484 Fundel v Wall, 725 Funerals of Distinction Pty Ltd, Re, 638 Furs Ltd v Tomkies, 526, 536 Fussell (1848), 464–465, 475, 484

G

G and C Kreglinger v New Patagonia Meat & Cold Storage Co Ltd, 240

Gain v Commonwealth Bank of Australia, 304 Gallagher v Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints,

27 Galley v Baker (1736), 189 Gambotto v WCP Ltd, 530 Gardiner v Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd, 824–

827, 834 Gargan v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW), 328 Garina Pty Ltd v Action Holdings Ltd, 634 Garrett v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 268 Gemma Ltd v Davies, 155–156 General Reinsurance Australia Ltd v HIH Casualty &

General Insurance Ltd, 295–296 Georges v Wieland, 666–667 Gestetner Settlement, Re; Barnett v Blumka, 177 Giannarelli v Wraith, 377 Gibbons v Baddall, 101 Gilbert J McCaul (Aust) Pty Ltd v Pitt Club Ltd, 831

xvi The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


Gill v Bucholtz, 658 Gillingham Bus Disaster Fund, Re, 216 GIO General Ltd v Sabko Pty Ltd, 438 Giorgianni v The Queen, 409–410, 412–415, 419 Gisborne v Gisborne,163–164 Giumelli v Giumelli, 830, 838 GlaxoSmithKline Australia Pty Ltd v Ritchie, 243 Gleaves v Insall, 479 Glencore International AG v Metro Trading International

Inc, 238 Gokora Pty Ltd v Montgomery Jordan & Stevenson Pty

Ltd, 413–414 Goldman v Hargrave, 335 Goodrich Aerospace Pty Ltd v Arsic, 259 Gordon (1787) — see R v Gordon (Lord George) (1787) Gordon v Townsend (1872), 611 Gore and Durant’s Case — see Patent Carriage Co, Re Gould v Brown, 490 Gould v Vaggelas, 780 Government Employees Superannuation Board v Martin,

687 Government of India — see India, Government of Governor, Goulburn Correctional Centre, Re; Ex parte

Eastman, 769 Graham Barclay Oysters Pty Ltd v Ryan, 333–334, 340 Grain Pool of Western Australia v Commonwealth, 806–

807 Grant v Downs, 197 Grant v Mills (1813), 105 Gray v Motor Accident Commission, 549–553, 558 Gray Eisdell Timms Pty Ltd v Combined Auctions Pty

Ltd, 530 Green v AMP Life, 174 Green v The Queen, 71 Greenhalgh v Arderne Cinemas, 625 Griffiths (deceased), Re, 295 Griffiths & Beerens Pty Ltd v Paul Duggan, 261 Grimthorpe (Dec’d), Re, 265 Groser v Equity Trustees Ltd, 598 Grosvenor v Drax (1833), 185 Grover, In re, 803 Groves v Commonwealth, 556 Grundt v Great Boulder Pty Gold Mines Ltd, 829, 832 Gulbenkian, Re, 732 Gumland Property Holdings Pty Ltd v Duffy Bros Fruit

Market (Campbelltown) Pty Ltd, 77, 220

H

H v H, 700, 702 Habib v Commonwealth [No 2], 723 Hall v Poolman, 446, 533

Hall v Sherman, 622 Halloway’s Case (1629), 61 Halsey v Milton Keynes General NHS Trust, 300 Hamilton Island Enterprises Ltd v Boss, 796–797 Hammersmith & Fulham LBC v Alexander-David, 801–

802 Hanchett-Stamford v AG, 154 Hannam v Lamney, 114, 123 Hannover Life Re of Australasia Ltd v Sayseng, 165, 168 Hardy (1794), 449 Hargrave v Goldman, 335–337 Harnas & Helm CV v Staatssecretaris van Financien,

758 Harper v Hendricks, 682 Harpur v Ariadne Australia Ltd, 780 Harriman v The Queen, 397 Harris (1680), 475, 481 Harris v Caladine, 698 Harris v Digital Pulse Pty Ltd, 549–550 Hartigan Nominees Pty Ltd v Rydge, 164, 638 Harvey and Chapman (1823), 457, 475, 483 Hawes — see also R v Hawes Hawes v Watson (1824), 109 Hayes v Bristol Plant Hire Ltd, 626 Haywood v Cope (1858), 513 Healing (Sales) Pty Ltd v Inglis Electrix Pty Ltd, 558 Healthscope Ltd v Symbion Health Ltd, 665 Hearle v Botelers (1604), 101 Heart Research Institute Ltd v Psiron Ltd, 300–302 Heating Centre Pty Ltd v Trade Practices Commission,

417 Helljay Investments Pty Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of

Taxation, 328 Hermann, Re; Ex parte Official Assignee, 185 HEST Australia Ltd v Sykley, 160, 179 Hewett v Court, 97, 110, 114, 119, 121 Heydon v NRMA Ltd, 410 Heywood v Roadknight, 190 Hide & Skin Trading Pty Ltd v Oceanic Meat Traders Ltd,

169 Higgins case — see Elders Trustee & Executor Co Ltd v

Commissioner of Taxation HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd, Re, 49 Hill, Ex parte (1815), 99 Hill v Hill & Cat Protection Society of Victoria, 735 Hill v Van Erp, 333 Hill End Gold Ltd v First Tiffany Resource Corp, 231–232 Hillig v Darkinjung Pty Ltd [No 2], 158 Hillpalm Pty Ltd v Heaven’s Door Pty Ltd, 656–657 Hindmarsh Island Case — see Kartinyeri v

Commonwealth Hirst v United Kingdom, 42

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xvii


Hiscox v Outhwaite, 314 HML v The Queen, 260 Hockey v Yelland, 589 Hodge v The Queen (1883), 201 Hodgson v Loy (1797), 109 Hodsen v Lloyd, 617 Hodson v Barnes, 609 Hoffmann v Waters, 735 Hogg v Cramphorn Ltd, 526, 537 Holberry (1840), 475, 484 Holden v Chief Constable of Lancashire, 563–564 Holder v Holder, 382 Holgate-Mohammed v Duke, 341 Holland v Wiltshire, 513 Hollinrake v Truswell, 846 Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd, 553–554 Holloway v Chancery Mead Ltd, 316 Holt (1793), 451, 475, 482 Hooper v Kirells, 699 Hooper Bailie Associated Ltd v Natcon Group Pty Ltd,

299–304, 316 Hopkinson v Rolt, 14 Horan v James, 732 Horne (later Horne Tooke) (1777), 477, 482 Hospital Products Pty Ltd v United States Surgical Corp,

250, 492 Houghton v Arms, 422, 697 Howe v Smith (1884), 110 Huckle v Money (1763), 563–564 Hudson (1793), 451, 475, 484 Hughes v Police (SA), 298 Humes Ltd v United APA Ltd [No 1], 622–623, 633, 637 Humes Ltd v United APA Ltd [No 2], 626, 628–629, 631 Hunt (John and Leigh) (1811), 454, 475, 477, 482 Hunt (1820), 460–461, 469, 484 Hunt (1824), 457, 483 Hunt v Hunt, 18 Hunter Business Finance v Australian Business &

Equipment Finance, 248 Hurt (1711), 475, 481

I

Iannello v Sharpe, 512 IceTV v Nine Network, 840–848 ICT Pty Ltd v Sea Containers Ltd, 10 Idoport Pty Ltd v National Australia Bank, 302–303 Imbree v McNeilly, 34, 599–600 Imperial Chemical Industries v Shatwell, 555 Imperial Group Pension Trust Ltd v Imperial Tobacco Ltd,

167–168, 170

Imperial Mercantile Credit Association v Coleman, 542 Imperial Ottoman Bank v Trustees, Executors & Securities

Insurance Corp (1895), 110, 114 Inchcape Financial Services v Classic Automobiles Ltd,

415 India, Government of v Taylor, 757 Industrial Development Consultants Ltd v Cooley, 529 Industrial Rollformers Pty Ltd v Ingersoll-Rand

(Australia) Ltd, 250 Industry Education Networking Pty Ltd, Re, 629–631, 636 Ingot Capital Investments Pty Ltd v Macquarie Equity

Capital Markets Ltd, 630 Intercapital Holdings Ltd v MEH Ltd, 629, 631 Interstar Wholesale Finance Pty Ltd v Integral Home

Loans Pty Ltd, 83–84 Investec Bank (Aust) Ltd v Glodale Pty Ltd, 579–581 Ireland, In Marriage of, 696, 700 Irvine v Union Bank of Australia (1877), 527 Ito v Shinko (Australia) Pty Ltd, 627, 636 Ivanhoe Grammar School v Raschilla, 267

J

JA McBeath Nominees Pty Ltd v Jenkins Development Co Pty Ltd, 796

JA Pye Oxford Ltd v Graham, 261 Jackson v Lithgow City Council, 86 Jain v Trent Strategic Health Authority, 380 James, Ex parte (1874), 266 James Hardie & Co Pty Ltd v Seltsam Pty Ltd, 698 Jamieson v Professional Investment Services Pty Ltd,

296–297 Jeavons v Chapman [No 2], 735–736 Jersey (Earl of) v Briton Ferry Floating Dock Co (1869),

106 Jess v Jess, 695 John Shaw & Sons Ltd v Peter Shaw & John Shaw, 625 Johns v Australian Securities Commission, 246 Johnson (1686), 477, 481 Johnson (1805), 453–454, 476, 482 Johnson v Johnson (1843), 731 Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd, 697, 699 Jones (1848), 465, 475, 484 Jones v Dunkel, 630 Joosse v ASIC, 328 Judiciary and Navigation Acts, Re, 768 Jules, Re, 82

xviii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


K

K v K, 18 Karger v Paul, 159, 161–166, 169, 172, 174–175 Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (Hindmarsh Island Case),

815 Keach (1665), 475, 480 Keats v Wallis, 513 Keenfern Pty Ltd v Thorlock International Ltd, 627, 634 Keilor, City of v O’Donohue, 150 Kekatos v Sanson, 801 Kelleher v Corrective Services Commissioner (NSW),

396 Kelly v CA & L Bell Commodities Corp Ltd, 191 Kelly v Campbell, 328 Kelly v Hutton (1868), 100, 110 Kelly v Raymor (Illawarra) Pty Ltd, 178 Kenman Kandy Australia Pty Ltd v Registrar of Trade

Marks, 808 Kenna & Brown Pty Ltd v Kenna, 533 Kennedy v Wallace, 197 Kerr v British Leyland (Staff) Trustees Ltd, 167 Kettlewell v Watson (1884), 104 Khatri v Price, 699 Kilkenny Engineering Pty Ltd, Re, 437 King, In re, 381–382 King v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd, 410, 421 Kinloch v Secretary of State for India (1882), 191 Kinsela v Russell Kinsela Pty Ltd, 530, 537 Kioa v West, 174 Kirby v Centro Properties Ltd [No 2], 381 Kirk v Walton, 155 Kirkland-Veenstra v Stuart, 336, 338 Kline v First Western Government Securities, Inc, 592 Klug v Klug, 176 Knightswood Nominees Pty Ltd v Sherwin Pastoral Co,

623, 627, 629, 631, 634, 637 Kogarah Municipal Council v Golden Paradise Corp, 656–

657 Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v KLALC

Property and Investment Pty Ltd, 656 Koroi v Commissioner of Inland Revenue, 329–330 Kosmopoulos v Kosmopoulos, 695 Kowalski v MMAL Staff Superannuation Fund Pty Ltd,

699 Kriketos v Livschitz, 441–442 Krueger Transport Equipment Pty Ltd v Glen Cameron

Storage & Distribution Pty Ltd, 243, 248–249 Krueger Transport Equipment Pty Ltd v Glen Cameron

Storage & Distribution Pty Ltd [No 2], 249 Kuddus v Chief Constable of Leicestershire Constabulary,

549–550, 557, 560–561, 563–565

Kuwait Airways Corp v Iraqi Airways Co, 756–757, 762 Kyriackou v Shield Mercantile Pty Ltd [No 2], 267–268

L

Lacon v Mertins (1743), 111 Ladbroke Football Ltd v William Hill Football Ltd, 842 Ladyman, Re, 265–266 Lafarge Redland Aggregates Ltd v Shepherd Hill Civil

Engineering Ltd, 317 Laing O’Rourke (BMC) Pty Ltd v Transport Infrastructure

Development Corp, 301, 304 Lamb (1610), 475, 480 Lamb v Cotogno, 551–553, 558 Lambert et al (1793), 451, 482 Lambert and Perry (1810), 454, 468, 475, 482 Lancashire Fires Ltd v SA Lyons & Co Ltd, 248, 253 Landau (A Bankrupt), Re, 170 Landlord Protect Ltd v St Anselm Development Co Ltd,

440 Lane v Morrison, 804 Langen & Wind Ltd v Bell, 100, 116 Laroche v Spirit of Adventure (UK) Ltd, 667–668 Laskar v Laskar, 87–88 Laurence v Griffiths, 795 Law Society v Shah, 82–83 Lawrence (1690), 474, 481 Leerac Pty Ltd v Fay, 27–28 Leese and Whitehead (1936), 470, 472, 483 Lehmann v McArthur, 796 Lei Zi Shen v Cordukes, 638 Leighton (1630), 475, 480 Lemery Holdings Pty Ltd v Reliance Financial Services

Pty Ltd, 231 Levick v Law Society, 328 Levin v Clark, 543 Levy v Stogdon [1898], 114 Liberty Financial Pty Ltd v Scott [No 3], 243 Liberty Financial Pty Ltd v Scott [No 4], 243 Lickbarrow v Mason (1793), 107, 109 Lift Capital Partners Pty Ltd v Merrill Lynch

International, 237–241 Limpus v London General Omnibus Co (1862), 554 Lindon v Commonwealth [No 2], 17 Lionsgate Australia Pty Ltd v Macquarie Private Portfolio

Management Ltd, 239 Liquidators of the Maritime Bank v Receiver General of

NB [1892], 201 Liquideng Farm Supplies Pty Ltd v Liquid Engineering

2003 Pty Ltd, 665

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xix


Lissenden v CAV Bosch Ltd, 829 Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd, 553–554 Little v Governor of Pentridge Prison & Secretary of the

Law Institute, 397 Liversidge v Anderson, 226 Liversey (formerly Jenkins) v Jenkins, 377–378 Lloyd-Williams v Mayfield, 751 Lo Pui Sang v Mamata Kapildev Dave, 289–290 Lock v Westpac Banking Corp, 167, 170, 178 London & Cheshire Insurance Co Ltd v Laplagrene

Property Co Ltd, 117–119 Londonderry’s Settlement, Re, 164 Looney (1848), 464, 484 Lord George Gordon — see R v Gordon Lovett (1839), 458, 476, 483 LU Simon Builders Pty Ltd v Fowles, 595 Lumbers v W Cook Builders Pty Ltd (In liq), 726–727 Lutheran Church of Australia South Australian District Inc

v Farmers’ Co-operative Executor & Trustees Ltd, 163, 176

Luu v Sovereign Developments Pty Ltd, 512 Lykogiannis v Retail Employees Superannuation Pty Ltd,

179 Lynam v Director-General of Social Security, 588–589

M

Mabo v Queensland [No 2] (1992), 128 McCabe v British American Tobacco Australia Services

Ltd, 196 McClelland v Burning Palms Surf Lifesaving Club, 174 McCoy v Estate of Caelli, 27, 221 McDonald v Ellis, 638 McDonald v New South Wales, 558 Macdonnell v Evans, 682 McEwins Hairdressing & Beauty Supplies Pty Ltd v

Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 328 McFadden v Public Trustee (Vic), 160, 173 McFadyen & Co, Re; Ex parte Vizianagaram Co Ltd, 91 McGrath, Re, 48, 52 Machenny (1685), 475, 481 McHugh (1901), 458, 471, 476, 484 Maciejewski v Telstra Super Pty Ltd, 166, 179 Mackay, In Marriage of, 696 McKay v McKay, 721 McKenzie v McDonald, 190 McKenzie (dec’d), Estate of & Estate of McKenzie

(dec’d), 702 McKeown v Cavalier Yachts Pty Ltd, 238 McKerlie v Drillsearch Energy Ltd, 726 Mackie v South Australia, 397

Mackreth v Symmons (1808), 100–103, 109, 111–112, 119, 124, 127

McLean v Attorney General (NSW), 176 MacLeod v The Queen, 531 McNeill v Hearing & Balance Centre Pty Ltd, 623–624,

628, 633, 639 McPhail v Doulton, 176–177, 732 Maddison v Goldrick, 682–683 Madzimbamuto v Lardner-Burke, 329 Maggbury Pty Ltd v Hafele Australia Pty Ltd, 247–249 Magro v Fremantle Football Club Ltd, 421 Majestic Resources NL v Caveat Pty Ltd, 628–630, 635–

636 Mahenthirarasa v State Rail Authority (NSW), 158 Maidstone Building Provisions Ltd, Re, 417 Manisty’s Settlement, Re, 163 Manitoba Language Rights, Re, 329 Mannigel v Aitken, 265 Mantec Thoroughbreds Pty Ltd v Baturor, 792–796 Mantle (1848), 465, 475, 484, 485 Manufacturing Grocers’ Employees Federation of

Australia, Re; Ex parte Australian Chamber of Manufactures, 167

Marbury v Madison (1803), 200 Marganot (1794), 449 Mars UK Ltd v Teknowledge Ltd, 254 Marston v Roe, 617 Martineau v Matsqui Institution Disciplinary Board

[No 2], 398 Masters v McCubbery, 260 Matchett v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 328 Mazzone v James, 523–524 Meates v Attorney-General, 442 Medical Benefits Fund of Australia Ltd v Cassidy, 408,

410–411 Mendolicchiu, Re, 88–89 Menier v Hooper’s Telegraph Works (1874), 536 Mense v Milenkovic, 243, 251 Mercator Property Consultants Pty Ltd v Christmas Island

Resort Pty Ltd, 699 Mercer v Craven Grain, 238 Merest v Harvey, 551 Mettoy Pension Trustees Ltd v Evans, 167, 170 Microsoft Corp v Goodview Electronics, 409 Microsoft Corp v PC Club Australia Pty Ltd, 409 Mid-City Skin Care & Laser Centre Pty Ltd v Zahedi-

Anarak, 245 Midas Management Pty Ltd v Equator Communications

Pty Ltd [No 2], 802–803 Middleton v Magnay (1864), 100, 110, 113–114 Middleweek v Chief Constable of Merseyside, 398

xx The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


Midill (97PL) Ltd v Park Lane Estates Ltd, 664 Mihlenstedt v Barclays Bank International Ltd, 167–168 Miller (1770), 482 Miller v Miller, 526, 528–530, 537 Miller v The Queen, 400, 402 Miltonbrook Pty Ltd v Westbury Holdings Kiama Pty Ltd,

439 Mines, The Case of the (R v Earl of Northumberland)

(1568), 725 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co v Beiersdorf

Australia Ltd, 250 Mitchel (1848) — see R v Mitchel (1848) Mitchell v Director of Public Prosecutions, 321 Mobil Cerro Negro Ltd v Petroleus de Venezuela SA, 312 Modular Design Group Pty Ltd, Re, 12–13 Molomby v Whitehead, 638 Money Tree Management Services Pty Ltd v Deputy

Commissioner of Taxation, 328 Monger v Taylor, 735 Montgomery (1795), 452 Moore (1699), 475, 481 Moorgate Tobacco Co Ltd v Philip Morris [No 2], 243–

244, 246 Morgan (1631), 475, 480 Morley v Clavering (1860), 513 Morrison v National Australia Bank Ltd, 373–376 Morrow v chinadotcom Corp, 300 Mortensen v New South Wales, 745 Mount Eden Land Ltd v Straudley Investments Ltd, 440 Mousell Brothers Ltd v London and North-Western

Railway Co, 555 Mozley v Alston (1847), 625 Mullen, Ex parte; Re Wigley, 651 Multinational Gas & Petroleum Co v Multinational Gas &

Petroleum Services Ltd, 526, 528, 532, 537 Multiplex v Funds Management Pty Ltd, 297 Murray v Schreuder, 638 Muschinski v Dodds, 30, 190 Musgrave v ACCC, 414 Mutter v Eastern & Midlands Railway Co, 623, 615 Mycock v Beatson (1879), 100, 110, 114

N

Napier and Entrick (Lord) v Hunter, 98, 118 Nash (1718) — see R v Nash (1718) Nassif v Caminer, 719–720 Nathan v Dollars and Sense Ltd, 81 National Grid Co plc v Mayes, 170 National Mutual Life Association of Australia Ltd v

Campbell, 161, 165, 178–180

National Trust Co v Bouckhuyt, 660 Nationwide News Ltd v Naidu, 548 Nature’s Sunshine Products Securities Litigation, In re,

593 Natwest Markets Australia Pty Ltd v Tenth Vandy Pty

Ltd, 77 Nelson v Anglo-American Co [1897], 626 Nelson v Nelson, 560 Nettleship v Weston, 599 Network Ten v TCN Channel Nine, 846 New South Wales v Austeel Pty Ltd, 310 New South Wales v Banabelle Electrical Pty Ltd, 300–301 New South Wales v Bryant, 557 New South Wales v Cadia Holdings Pty Ltd, 725 New South Wales v Commonwealth (1915) (Wheat Case),

765–773 New South Wales v Commonwealth (2006) (Work

Choices Case), 41 New South Wales v Delly, 548, 552–553, 560 New South Wales v Fahy, 337–338 New South Wales v Ibbett, 548–549, 557–558, 561–565 New South Wales v Lepore, 549, 553–554, 558–559, 561 Newcomen v Colson, 795 Newport City Council v Charles, 803 Ngurli Ltd v McCann, 530 Ng Swee Lang v Sassoon Samuel Bernard, 289–290 Nicholas v Ingram, 513 Nicholas v Permakraft (NZ), 537 Nile v Club Plus Superannuation Pty Ltd, 171 Nilsen v Murcott, 28 Nilsson v Mcdonald, 802 Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd v IceTV Pty Ltd, 842–847 Nintendo Co Ltd v Centronics Systems Pty Ltd, 806 Nives v Nives (1880), 100 Nominal Defendant v Clancy, 630 North Australia Territory Co v Goldsbrough Mort & Co

[1893], 686 North-West Transportation Co v Beatty (1887), 526, 536 Northbuild Construction Pty Ltd v Discovery Beach

Project Pty Ltd, 309 NRMA v Parker, 625 NSX Ltd v Pritchard, 664–665 Nutt (1756), 474, 482

O

O Mustad & Son v Dosen, 245 O’Brien (1840), 458, 475, 484 O’Brien (1848), 463–464, 466, 469, 475, 484 O’Brien v Komesaroff, 243 O’Connell (1844), 462–463, 466, 470, 475–476, 484

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xxi


O’Connell (1848), 469 O’Connor (1840), 458, 483 O’Connor (1843), 462, 475, 484 O’Connor v SP Bray Ltd, 829 O’Donnell (1848), 465, 475, 484 Officer in Charge of Cells, ACT Supreme Court, Re; Ex

parte Eastman, 397 Official Solicitor v K, 377 Ofulue v Bossert, 439 Ogle v Earl Vane, 832–833 Old CGU Inc v Industrial Relations Commission (NSW),

306 Olin Corp v Super Cartridge Co Pty Ltd, 250 Olins v Walters, 157 Oliver Ashworth (Holdings) Ltd v Ballard (Kent) Ltd,

829 Olma v Amendola, 239 Olympic Holdings Pty Ltd v Windslow Corp Pty Ltd, 11–

14 Omychund v Barker, 681 One.Tel Networks Pty Ltd, Re, 382 Orascom Telecom v Republic of Chad, 313 O’Rourke v P & B Corp Pty Ltd, 156–157 Osland v Secretary to the Department of Justice, 196,

838 Osmond v Public Service Board (NSW), 490 Ostrowski v Palmer, 383 Otway Coal Co, Re, 437 Overbury v Overbury, 617 Owen (1752), 475, 482 Owners of the Ship “Shin Kobe Maru” v Empire Shipping

Co Inc, 771 Owusu v Jackson (t/a Villa Holidays Bal Inn Villas), 389

P

P, Re, 522–523 Paharpur Cooling Towers Ltd v Paramount (WA) Ltd,

311 Paine (1695), 475, 481 Paine (1792), 450, 475, 482 Pakistan (Federation) v Tamizuddin, 329 Palette Shoes Pty Ltd v Krohn, 118 Palmer, Re, 735 Panoutsos v Raymond Hadley Corp of New York, 832–

833 Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), 772 Paper Products Pty Ltd v Tomlinsons (Rochdale) Ltd,

409 Papua & New Guinea (Administration) v Leahy, 338 Parker v Commonwealth, 556

Parkes Management Ltd v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd, 163 Parrott v Sweetland (1835), 105, 126 Pasadena (Holdings) Pty Ltd v Khouri, 513 Pascoe Ltd v Lucas, 527, 529, 532, 534, 537, 539 Patel v Ali, 513 Patent Carriage Co, Re (1866) (Gore and Durant’s Case),

100, 124 Patrick Stevedores Operations No 2 Pty Ltd v Maritime

Union of Australia, 301 Pattenden v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), 667 Pattison v Hadjimouratis, 267–268 Pauling’s Settlement Trusts, Re, 163 Pauling’s Settlement Trusts, Re [No 2], 231 Pavlou, In re, 597–598 PCS Operations Pty Ltd v Maritime Union of Australia,

695, 699 Peanut Board v Rockhampton Harbour Board, 768 Peeters v Canada, 563–564 Pelerman v Pelerman, 17 Peltier (1803), 469 Pender v Lushington, 625 Pennsylvania v Dunlap, 74 People, Re, by Bohlinger, Appeal of International Workers

Order Inc, 190 Pepperill, Re, 731 Pereira v Director of Public Prosecutions, 415 Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd v Tsai, 658 Perre v Apand Pty Ltd, 565 Persad v State of Trinidad and Tobago, 235 Petelin v Cullen, 10 Peters’ American Delicacy Co Ltd v Heath, 530 Peters (WA) Ltd v Petersville Ltd, 249 Pettey v Parsons, 795 Pfizer Overseas Pharmaceuticals v Eli Lilly & Co, 808 Philip Morris Inc v Adam P Brown Male Fashions Pty

Ltd, 695–696 Philip Morris USA v Williams, 26 Piccinin v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 328 Pico Holdings Inc v Voss, 411–412 Pilmer v Duke Group Ltd, 335 Pioneer Electronic Corp v Registrar of Trade Marks, 385 Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth, 850 Platform Funding Ltd v Bank of Scotland plc, 443–444 Playa Large (Owners of cargo lately laden on board) v I

Congreso Del Partido (Owners), 753 Plowright v Burge, 735 Polwood Pty Ltd v Foxworth Pty Ltd, 253–254 Polysar Investments Netherlands BV v Inspecteur der

Invoerrechten en Accijnzen, Arnhem, 758 Polyukhovich v Commonwealth, 761–762 Ponsonby (a lunatic), Re (1842), 185

xxii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


Poonon v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation, 328 Pope v Lawler, 175, 179 Pope & Talbot case, 95–96 Possfund Custodial Trustee Ltd v Kwik-Fit Properties Ltd,

367–368 Potier, Re, 403–404, 406 Potier v General Manager & Governor, MRRC, 402–403,

406 Potier v Ruddock, 402–403 Potier v The Queen, 402 Powell v McFarlane, 261 Prasad v Republic of Fiji, 320 Premium Nafta Products Ltd v Fili Shipping Co, 311 Presbyterian Church (NSW) Property Trust v Scots

Church Development Ltd, 266 Presidential Security Services of Australia Pty Ltd v

Brilley, 555–556 Prestcold (Central) Ltd v Minister of Labour, 220 Pridmore v Magenta Nominees Pty Ltd, 829 Prince v Argue, 740 Printy v Provident Capital, 658–659 Prisoners A-XX Inclusive v NSW, 400–402, 405–406 Proctor v Chahl, 151 Prosecutor v Kunarac, Kovac and Vukovic, 517 Provident Capital Ltd v Printy, 658 Prynne (1632), 477, 480 Public Service Board (NSW) v Osmond, 261 Public Transport Commission (NSW) v J Murray-More

(NSW) Pty Ltd, 34 Pugh v Tribune Co, 593 Pumfrey, deceased, Re; Worcester City & County

Banking Co v Blick (1882), 99 Pym (1664), 476, 480 Pyoja Pty Ltd v 284 Bronte Road Developments Pty Ltd,

695 Pyrenees Shire Council v Day, 331–339, 341–343

Q

Qarase v Bainimarama, 319, 342–330 Quarante Pty Ltd v Owners of Strata Plan No 67212, 294 Quarmby v Keating, 222 The Queen’s Case (1820), 669–688 Queensland v JL Holdings Pty Ltd, 494, 715 Queensland Mines Ltd v Hudson, 532 Quinlan v Vital Technology Australia Ltd, 628–630 Quinlivin v ACCC, 414, 421–422 QUYD v Marvass Pty Ltd, 581

R

R v A, 444–445 R v Aldred (1909), 467, 469, 472, 474, 483 R v Anderson, 683 R v Antonelli (1906), 469, 476 R v Australasian Films Ltd, 555 R v Baker (1909), 416 R v Ballard (1829), 62 R v Barclay (1839), 60 R v Bassett, 442–443 R v Bedington [1970], 684 R v Benbrika [No 20], 397 R v Bentley,602 R v Betson, 228 R v Billy (1840), 60 R v Bolden (1841), 60 R v Bonjon, 62 R v Burdett (1820), 456, 477, 483 R v Carver (1832), 61 R v Cavell Insurance Co, 49 R v Chief Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate; Ex parte

Choudhury (“Satanic Verses” case), 473, 483 R v Collins (1835), 61 R v Commonwealth Court of Conciliation & Arbitration;

Ex parte Barrett, 698 R v Deputy Governor of Parkhurst Prison; Ex parte

Hague, 399, 401–402 R v Dirty Dick (1829), 62 R v Dundomah (1840), 60 R v Earl of Northumberland (The Case of the Mines)

(1568), 725 R v Ensor (1887), 475 R v Fitzpatrick (1824), 60 R v Foley, 684 R v Francis, 456 R v Geeson (1828), 61 R v Gerrald (1794), 449–450 R v Glennan, 412 R v Gordon (Lord George) (1787), 476, 482 R v Gray [1900], 476 R v Hagan (1839), 60 R v Hart and White (1808), 453 R v Hatherly (1822), 60 R v Hawes, 687 R v Hawker (1822), 59 R v Hayter, 235 R v Hewitt (1799), 59 R v Hoar, 552 R v Home Secretary; Ex parte Bentley, 602 R v Howell, 802 R v Jack (1894), 683

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xxiii


R v Jackey, 60 R v Jheeta, 85 R v Johnson (1828), 61 R v Kearns (1839), 61 R v Keenan, 235–236 R v Kelly (1975), 417 R v Kilmeister [No 2] (1838), 60 R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers’ Society of Australia

(Boilermakers’ Case), 7, 201, 768 R v Kirby; R v Thompson (1820), 56, 60–62 R v Labouchere (1884), 475 R v Lamb (1839), 60 R v Leak, 684 R v Long Jack (1838), 60 R v Lowe (1827), 62 R v Luttrell (1810), 58–59 R v McGregor (1834), 61 R v Mayberry, 412 R v Merchant Tailors (1831), 625 R v Mertens (1882), 469 R v Miller (1824), 59–60 R v Mitchel (1848), 459, 467, 475, 483 R v Most (1881), 469 R v Mow-watty (1816), 56, 62 R v Murrell (1836), 60, 62 R v Nash (1718), 483 R v New Statesman; Ex parte Director of Public

Prosecutions, 476 R v Nifadopoulos, 417 R v Northumberland (Earl)(1568) — see Mines, The Case

of the R v Orton, 683–687 R v Parker (1829), 60 R v Piggott (1868), 468, 470–471 R v Potier, 402 R v Powell (1799), 56–59, 61 R v Puckeridge (1827), 61 R v Ralph (1848), 463, 484 R v Russell, 416, 418 R v Sehan Yousry, 683–684 R v S(F), 666 R v Sinclair (1794), 450 R v Sullivan (1868), 475, 483, 468, 470–471 R v Tannous, 417 R v Wombarty (1837), 60 R (Edwards-Sayer) v Secretary of State for Justice, 28–29 R (Lewis) v Redcar & Cleveland BC [No 2], 668 Raftland Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), 10 Raguz v Sullivan, 306, 314 Rajski v Tectran Corp Pty Ltd, 302 Ralph (1848) — see R v Ralph (1848) Ralphson (1684), 475, 481

Rankin (1848), 465–466, 484 Rapa v Patience, 165–166, 168, 176–177 Rassi v Metropolitan Police Commissioner, 595 Read v Dupper (1795), 98 Ready Constructions Pty Ltd v Jemo, 513 Redmayn(e) (1717), 474, 481 Rees v Bailey Aluminium Products Pty Ltd, 684–685 Reeves (1796), 452, 482 Refugee Review Tribunal, Re; Ex parte Aala, 694 Regal (Hasting) Ltd v Gulliver, 525, 528–530, 536–537 Registrar of the Accident Compensation Tribunal v

Commissioner of Taxation (Cth), 182–183, 191, 263

Republic of Fiji — see Fiji (Republic) Retractable Technologies v Occupational & Medical

Innovations, 247 Richardson, Ex parte (1874), 611 Ridgway v Consolidated Energy Corp Pty Ltd, 414 Rigg v Sheridan, 87 Riley v Penttila, 261 RJE v Secretary to the Department of Justice, 286, 405 Roach v Electoral Commissioner, 42, 812 Roads & Traffic Authority (NSW) v Dederer, 344, 362 Roads & Traffic Authority (NSW) v O’Reilly, 383 Roberts v Gilgandra Shire Council, 150–151 Roberts v Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co, 591 Robertson Street Properties Pty Ltd v RPM Promotions

Pty Ltd, 421 Robinson v Bailey, 794 Robinson v Pett (1734), 183, 264 Roche v Kronheimer, 769 Rockett v Evans, 149 Rockett v Moneycorp Securities Pty Ltd, 149 Rod Investments (Vic) Pty Ltd v Clark, 296 Rodwell v GR Evans & Co Pty Ltd, 794 Romeo v Conservation Commission (NT), 342 Ronini Pty Ltd v ACN 101 071 998 Pty Ltd, 86 Rookes v Barnard, 549–551, 563 Rose v Watson (1864), 110, 112–113, 120 Rosebridge Nominees Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of

Australia, 14–15 Ross (1690), 481 Rowan (1793), 451, 475, 482 Rowland v Meudon, 624–626, 632–638 Roy Morgan Research Centre Pty Ltd v Commissioner of

State Revenue (Vic), 260 Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge [No 2], 81 Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust v South Sydney

City Council, 169 Royal Melbourne Hospital v Equity Trustees Ltd, 232–233 Rubin v Schottenstein, Zox & Dunn, 592 Ryledar Pty Ltd v Euphoric Pty Ltd, 126

xxiv The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


S

S v Attorney General, 558–559 S v Recorder of Manchester, 29 Sablebrook Pty Ltd v Credit Union Australia Ltd, 148 St Asaph — see Dean of St Asaph St Mary the Virgin, Oxford, Re, 521–522 Salomon v Salomon & Co Pty Ltd, 531, 543–545 Saltman Engineering Co Ltd v Campbell Engineering Co,

249–250 Samuel v Jarrah Timber and Wood Paving Corp Ltd, 240 Sammut v Manzi, 380 Sargent v ASL Development Ltd, 829 Saskatchewan River Bungalows Ltd v Maritime Life

Assurance Co, 836 “The Satanic Verses” case. — see R v Chief Metropolitan

Stipendiary Magistrate; Ex parte Choudhury Saulnier v Royal Bank of Canada, 660–663 Saulnier (Receiver of) v Saulnier, 661 Sauvé v Canada (Chief Electoral Officer), 42 Sayseng v Kellogg Superannuation Pty Ltd, 165–166, 168,

172, 174, 176–177 Schenker & Co (Aust) Pty Ltd v Maplas Equipment &

Services Pty Ltd, 169 Schmidt v Rosewood Trust, 638 Schoole v Noble (1788), 98 The Schooner “Exchange” v McFaddon (1812), 753 Scott v Avery, 301 Scott v Davis, 553, 555, 558–559 Scott v Williams, 533 Sea Containers Ltd v ICT Pty Ltd, 306 Seafarers’ Retirement Fund Pty Ltd v Oppenhuis, 177–178 Seager v Copydex Ltd [No 2], 249 SEC v Berger, 374 SEC v Fehn, 591 Secretary, Department of Human Services v Nancarrow,

735 Seeley International Pty Ltd v Electra Air Conditioning

BV, 316–317 Sent v Jet Corp of Australia Pty Ltd, 417–419, 422 Seven Bishops (1688), 477, 481 Seven Network Ltd v News Ltd, 312 Sexton v Kessler,121 Sharpe (1848), 464, 475, 484 Sharples v Arnison, 328 Shaw v Foster, 115–116 Shebbeare (1758), 474, 482 Shelfer v City of London Electric Lighting Co (1895),

598 Shell (1848), 475, 483, 484

Shelley’s Case — see Wolfe v Shelley Shelmadine v Ringen Pty Ltd, 795 Shevill v Builders Licensing Board, 77 Shipley — see Dean of St Asaph Shipping Corp of India Ltd v Gamlen Chemical Co

Australasia Pty Ltd, 219 Simring v Marinchek, 719 Singer v Berghouse, 165 Singh v Singh, 297 Siow Doreen v Lo Pui Sang, 290 Skelton v Collins, 34 Skipp v Harwood (1747), 99 Skirving (1794), 449 Smith (1680), 481 Smith (1683), 476, 481 Smith (1716), 474, 481 Smith (1797), 452 Smith, In Marriage of [No 2], 696, 698 Smith v Dale (1881), 99 Smith v Leurs, 335, 337 Smith v Scott, 10 Smith v Smith, 695 Smith v Tebbitt (1867), 611 Smith Kline & French Laboratories (Aust) Ltd v

Secretary, Department of Community Services & Health, 242–243, 246

Snee v Prescott (1743), 108–109 Snook v London & West Riding Investments Ltd, 10 Software Toolworks, Inc, In re, 592 Sonatrach Petroleum Corp (BVI) v Ferrell International

Ltd, 318 Sood v Christianos, 149–150 South Australia v Barrett, 638 South Australia v O’Shea, 174 South-Eastern Drainage Board (SA) v Savings Bank of

South Australia, 655–656 South Port Marine LLC v Gulf Oil Ltd Partnership, 25 Southern Cross Mine Management v Ensham, 684 Spassked Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation, 758 Spear v Rowlett, 795 Special Purposes of Income Tax, Commissioners for v

Pemsel, 38 Spencer v Commonwealth (1907), 148, 580 Spina v Conran Associates Pty Ltd, 187 Spina v Permanent Custodians Ltd, 187 Spinks, Estate of; Application of Mortensen, 745 Sport Developments Pty Ltd v Del Fabbro, 514–515 Spratt v Hermes, 769 Standard Chartered Bank of Australia Ltd v Antico, 415 Stapleton v The Queen, 602 State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co v Campbell,

23, 25–26

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xxv


State Trustees Ltd v Hayden, 735–736 Staveley Iron & Chemical Co Ltd v Jones, 555 Sterling v Sterling, 702 Stewart v Normandy NFM Ltd, 638 Stockdale (1789), 475, 482 Stone & Rolls Ltd v Moore Stephens, 85 Stoneridge Investment Partners, LLC v Scientific-Atlanta,

Inc, 593–594 Stovin v Wise, 334–335, 337–338, 341 Straits Exploration (Australia) Pty Ltd v Murchison

United NL, 313 Strata Corp No 117066 v Nine Eleven Tasmania Pty Ltd,

366–367 Strickland v Grieve, 151 Strinic v Singh, 234 Strode (1629), 459, 475, 483, 484 Stroud (1629), 450 Stucley, In re (1906), 100, 116, 118 Stylis v United Medical Protection Ltd, 595 Su v Direct Flights International Pty Ltd, 409 Suco Gold Pty Ltd, Re, 231 Sullivan (1868) — see R v Sullivan Sullivan v Moody, 338 Sultana Investments Pty Ltd v Cellcom Pty Ltd, 581–582 Sunburst Properties Pty Ltd v Agwater Pty Ltd, 531–532 Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman, 331–333, 337–

338,340–345 Sutton v AJ Thompson Pty Ltd, 409 Swain v Waverley Municipal Council, 306 Sweeney v Boylan Nominees Ltd, 553–554 Sweeney v Howard, 187 Swift v Dairywise Farms Ltd, 182 Sydney South West Area Health Service v Stamoulis,

803–804 Symbion Medical Centre Operations Pty Ltd v Lawton Pty

Ltd, 77–78 Symonds (1793), 451, 475, 482 Symons v Bateman, 267–268

T

Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd, 296, 365–366, 550

Tagget v Sexton, 698 Tai-Ao Aluminium (Australia) Pty Ltd, Re, 638 Tailby v Official Receiver (1888), 118 Tame v New South Wales, 332 Tamplin v James [1880], 513 Tanwar Enterprises Pty Ltd v Cauchi, 114 Tasmanian Dam Case — see Commonwealth v Tasmania

Taxation, Deputy Commissioner of v Dick, 533, 541 Taxation (Cth), Commissioner of v EA Marr and Sons

(Sales Ltd, 758 Taxation (Cth), Commissioner of v Sara Lee Household &

Body Care (Aust) Pty Ltd, 527 TC Newman (Qld) Pty Ltd v DHA Rural (Qld) Pty Ltd,

538 TCN Channel 9 Pty Ltd v Hayden, 169 Tellans Inc v Makor Issues & Rights Ltd, 376 Telstra Corp Ltd v Desktop Marketing Systems Pty Ltd,

840–842 TermoRio v Electranta, 314 Terrapin Ltd v Builders’ Supply Co (Hayes) Ltd, 250 Thackwray & Young’s Contract, Re (1888), 114–115 Thelwall (1794), 449 Theophanous v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd, 200 Thomas v The Queen, 71 Thompson v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis,

561 Thompson v Palmer, 104–106, 120 Thorner v Major, 596–597 Through Transport Mutual Insurance Association

(Eurasia) Ltd v New India Assurance Co Ltd, 389 Tillman v Attorney-General (NSW), 286 Tinios v French Caledonia Travel, 634–635, 637 Titan Group Pty Ltd v Steriline Manufacturing Pty Ltd,

248, 250 Tobin v Ezekiel, 157–158 Tonkin v Western Mining Corp Ltd, 165–166, 177 Tooke (1794), 449 Tooke, Horne — see Horne Toomes v Conset (1745), 237 Torrance v Bolton (1872), 110, 114 Tracey, Re; Ex parte Ryan, 41 Trade Practices Commission v Cue Design Pty Ltd, 690,

692–693 Trade Practices Commission v Vales Wine Co Pty Ltd,

415 Transfield Philippines Inc v Pacific Hydro Ltd, 312 Transport & General Credit Corp Ltd v Morgan, 109 Transport Tyre Sales Pty Ltd v Montana Tyres Rims &

Tubes Pty Ltd, 385 Treacey v Edwards, 730–731 Trendtex Trading Corp v Central Bank of Nigeria, 755 Trethewey, Re, 731 Trim Perfect Australia v Albrook Construction, 231 TRM Copy Centres (UK) Ltd v Lanwall Services Ltd, 29 Troja v Troja, 737 Trust Co of Australia Ltd v Valuer-General, 15–16 TS & B Retail Systems Pty Ltd v 3 Fold Resources Pty

Ltd [No 3], 245 TSL v Secretary to the Department of Justice, 286

xxvi The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83


Turner v Grovit, 389 Turner v Marriott (1867), 100, 110 Tutchin (1704), 454, 476, 481 Twine v Bean’s Express Ltd, 555

U

Unilan Holdings Pty Ltd v Kerin, 699 United Dominions Corp Ltd v Brian Pty Ltd, 521 United Group Rail Services Ltd v Rail Corp (NSW), 304 United Rural Enterprises Pty Ltd v Lopmand Pty Ltd, 623,

627, 633–634, 636–638 United States Shipping Board v The Ship St Albans, 235 United States Surgical Corp v Hospital Products

International Pty Ltd, 250 Unity APA Ltd v Humes Ltd [No 2], 637 University of London Press v University Tutorial Press,

846 Upper Hunter County District Council v Australian

Chilling & Freezing Co Ltd, 169 Urban Traders Pty Ltd v Proceris Pty Ltd, 300–301 Uren v John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd, 548–551

V

Vairy v Wyong Shire Council, 332, 344 Valceski v Valceski, 695, 700 Vamplue (1822), 456, 483 Van Wyck v Sparks, 700 Varmedja v Varmedja, 551 Vaucluse Hospital Pty Ltd v Phillips, 268 Vella v Permanent Mortgages Pty Ltd, 658 Victoria v Australian Building Construction Employees’

& Builders Labourers’ Federation, 178 Victoria v Commonwealth and Connor (1975), 328–329 Victoria v Nine Network, 246, 802 Victoria Aircraft Leasing Ltd v United States, 756–757,

763 Victoria Park Racing & Recreation Grounds Co Ltd v

Taylor, 842 Victorian Stevedoring & General Contracting Co Pty Ltd

v Dignan, 769–770 Vidovic v Email Superannuation Pty Ltd, 159, 165–166,

174 Vincent (1839), 461–463, 468, 475, 484 Vinciguerra v MG Corrosion Consultants Pty Ltd, 623,

627–630, 633 Vint, Ross and Parry, 477

Viro v The Queen, 34 Vokalek v Commonwealth, 156 Vuletic, In the Marriage of, 379

W

W & R Pty Ltd v Birdseye, 152–153 Wade v Harding, 740 Wakefield (1799), 452, 455, 475, 482 Wakim, Re; Ex parte McNally, 490, 696 Walford v Miles, 299 Walker v Wimborne, 376 Walker, Commissioner for Fair Trading v Rugs a Million

Pty Ltd, 690–692 Walker Corp Pty Ltd v Sydney Harbour Foreshore

Authority, 286, 802–803 Wallhallow Aboriginal Corp Inc v Walhallow Local

Aboriginal Land Council, 302 Walter Rau Neusser Aul und Felt AG v Cross pacific

Trading Ltd, 310 Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher, 234 Warby, In Marriage of, 696–698, 700 Waring v Waring, 611 Warren v Gittoes, 235 Waterford v Commonwealth, 194–195 Waterside Workers Federation of Australia v JW

Alexander Ltd, 768 Watson v Croft Promo-Sport Ltd, 598–599 Watts v Crooke, 744 WE Wagener Ltd v Photo Engravers Ltd, 796 Weiss v The Queen, 88 Weissfisch v Julius, 315 Wellcome Trust Ltd v Commissioners of Customs and

Excise, 758 Wells Fargo Bank Northwest National Association v

Victoria Aircraft Leasing Ltd, 755–756 Welsh v Hole (1779), 98 West v Skip (1749), 99 West v Weston, 745 West Tankers Inc v RAS Riunione Adriatica di Sicurta

SpA (“The Front Comor”), 314–315, 389 Westbay Seafoods (Aust) Pty Ltd v Transpacific

Standardbred Agency Pty Ltd, 414 Westfield Holdings Ltd v Australia Capital Television Pty

Ltd, 240 Westpac Banking Corp v Clark, 659 WesTrac Pty Ltd v Eastcoast OTR Tyres Pty Ltd, 307 Wheat Case — see New South Wales v Commonwealth

(1915) Wheatley v Bell, 243 Wheeler Grace & Pierucci Pty Ltd v Wright, 409–410

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 xxvii


Whitbread & Co Ltd v Watt, 110, 120 White v Director of Military Prosecutions, 41 White v Pearce (1849), 100 Whitehouse & Whitehouse, 701 Whitehouse v Carlton Hotel Pty Ltd, 526, 532, 537 Whitfeld v De Lauret & Co Ltd, 549–550 Whitley, Re; Lloyds Bank Ltd v Whitley, 265 Whittaker, Ex parte; Re Shackleton (1875), 109 Whyte (1793), 451, 482 Wight v Eckhard Marine GmbH, 238 Wilde v Anstee, 151 Wilkes (1763), 476, 482 Wilkes v Wood (1763), 550, 563–564 Wilkinson, Ex parte (1755), 108 Wilkinson v Clerical Administrative & Related Employees

Superannuation Pty Ltd, 163–164, 178–179 Williams (1822), 456, 475, 483 Williams v Home Office, 398–399 Wilson v Church (1879), 114 Wilton v Commonwealth Trading Bank of Australia, 184 Windslow Corp Pty Ltd v Olympic Holdings Pty Ltd, 12 Winter v Lord Anson, 99, 125–126 Winterbotham (1793), 451, 476, 484 Winthrop Investments Ltd v Winns Ltd, 526, 530–531,

537–538 Wintle v Nye, 609 Wiseman v Vandeput (1690), 107–108 Withers v Director of Public Prosecutions, 472 Wolfe v Shelley (Shelley’s Case) (1579–1581), 618–620 Woodfall (1770), 482 Work Choices Case — see New South Wales v

Commonwealth WorldCom Inc Litigation, Re, 375 Wossidlo v Catt, 104, 106 WPS Enterprises Pty Ltd v Radford, 297–298

Wright v Ernst & Young LLP, 593 Wright v Gibbons, 437 Wright v Netherwood, 617–618 Wroth v Tyler, 513 Wrout v Dawes (1858), 100 Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 769 Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, 344 Wythes v Lee, 111

X

XL Petroleum (NSW) Pty Ltd v Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd, 548–549, 557–558, 560

Y

Yabaki v President of the Republic of Fiji, 322–324, 328 Yazgi (Sabah) v Permanent Custodians Ltd, 658 Yearworth v North Bristol NHS Trust, 596 Yedway Pty Ltd v Owners Corp of Strata Plan 62871, 154 Yeo Loo Keng v Tan Yew Lee Kevin, 291 Yorke (1795), 452, 459, 461, 475, 484 Yorke v Lucas, 408–414, 416–417, 420 Yoseph v Mammo, 302 Young v Cassels, 416 Young v Registrar, Court of Appeal [No 3], 397 Young v White (1844), 100

Z

Z v Dental Complaints Assessment Committee, 233–234 Zenere v Leate, 795 Zhang v Shanghai Wood & Jute Textile Co Ltd, 315 Ziemba v Cascade Int’l Inc, 593 Zorom Enterprises Pty Ltd v Zabow, 167

xxviii The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83

The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83 853

INDEX**

A

Aboriginals settler–indigenous interactions (NSW 1788–1824), 56–

62* Court of Criminal Jurisdiction, 56–57 inadmissibility of Aboriginal evidence, 59–60 plurality of law, 60–62 R v Powell (1799), 57–59

Accessorial Liability – see Trade Practices

Administrative Law book reviews, 774–775 delegation of authority, 667 judicial review

book review, 566–567 Queensland tribunal, 575

Administrators – see Executors and Administrators

Admiralty Law book review, 777

Advocacy cross-examinations

documents – see Documentary Evidence rhetoric (book review & speech), 491–497

Affidavits swearing of

affirmations compared, 215, 434–435

Affirmations – see Affidavits

Aircraft book review, 567–568 definition of “aircraft”, 667–668

Anti-Discrimination – see Discrimination Legislation

Appeal and New Trial – see also Appellate Courts magistrates’ decisions and, 652–653 mistakes of law and fact, 383 naming judge below, 575 remitter to lower court for rehearing, 802–803

Appellate Courts – see also High Court decisions in intermediate appellate courts, 285–286

Arbitration – see International Commercial Arbitration

Associations – see Clubs and Associations

Audit report as conclusive evidence, 595–596

Australian Law Journal editorial arrangements, 790

guest editors, 359 history (1959), 7 WA correspondent, 22

Aviation – see Aircraft

Azaleas in law reports, 653–654

B

Bail juveniles, 575–576

Bailment injury to stored sperm, 596 photocopiers in shops for customer use, 29

Bankruptcy co-owners & occupation fees, 597–598 indemnity insurance, 82–83 trustees’ fiduciary obligations, 263–268*

Bill of Rights – see also Human Rights damages for breach (NZ), 524 debate on, 432–433

Book Reviews/New Books Aronson, Dyer & Groves, Judicial Review of

Administrative Action (4th ed), 566–567 Buck, A R, The Making of Australian Property Law,

128 Cremean, Damien J, Admiralty Jurisdiction: Law and

Practice in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Hong Kong (3rd ed), 777

Douglas, Roger, Douglas and Jones’s Administrative Law (6th ed), 774–775

Fishel, D (ed), The Book of the Board (Effective governance for non-profit organisations) (2nd ed), 347

** This Index is to ALJ only. There is a separate Index to cases reported in the ALJR. * Indicates a more important reference.

854 The Australian Law Journal — Vol 83

* Indicates the more important references.

Book Reviews/New Books – continued Freckelton, Ian and Hugh Selby, Appealing to the

Future: Michael Kirby and his Legacy, 486–487

Sir Anthony Mason’s speech at launch, 487–491 Gerber, Paula, From Convention to Classroom: the long

road to human rights education: measuring states’ compliance with international law obligations mandating human rights education, 849–851

Gleeson, Justin and Ruth Higgins (eds), Rediscovering Rhetoric: Law, Language and the Practice of Persuasion, 491–496

Hon J J Spigelman’ speech at launch, 496–497 Hammond, Grant, Judicial Recusal, Principles, Process

and Problems, 776 Heilbronn, Gary, Aviation Regulation and Licensing –

The Laws of Australia, 567–568 Hodgson, Douglas, The Law of Intervening Causation,

497 Hondius, E, Precedent and the Law, 775–776 Kneebone, Susan (ed), Refugees, Asylum Seekers and

the Rule of the Law: comparative perspectives, 849–851

Lester, Lord, Lord Pannick & Javan Herberg (eds), Human Rights Law & Practice (3rd ed), 849–851

Lindsey, Tim (ed), Indonesia, Law and Society, 774 Macken’s Law of Employment (6th ed), Sappideen,

O’Grady & Warburton, 566 Pogge, Thomas (ed), Freedom from Poverty as a Human

Right – Who owes what to the very poor? 269–271

Spigelman, James Speeches of a Chief Justice, 128–129

Lord Bingham’s speech at launch, 129–131 Statutory Interpretation & Human Rights, 346–347

Breach of the Peace violence and, 802

Building Contracts adjudication process and natural justice, 665–666

C

Case Management – see Practice and Procedure

Causation intervening (book review), 497

Charities use of funds, 216

Children – see also Family Law; Juveniles cases concerning

requirement of disclosure, 377–378, 590 custody

family law, 718 international protection, 589–590 parens patriae jurisdiction

powers of court, 82

Civil Rights freedom of conscience and, 147 public interest bodies and, 141, 147

Class Actions opt out procedure, 296–297 United States

extra-territorial application of securities class actions, 373–376

arguments for US deciding foreign-cubed cases, 374–375

jurisdictional conflict, 375–376 NAB case, 373–374

Clergy – see Religion

Client Legal Privilege (Legal Professional Privilege) in-house counsel

independence, 193–198* European courts, 193–196 fundamental misconception, 196–197

subpoenas, 81–82

Clubs and Associations – see also Non-Profit Organisations

unincorporated whether charitable, when dissolved, 154

Commercial Arbitration – see International Commercial Arbitration

Commercial Law – see also Companies and Corporations

case management, 715

Committal Proceedings abolition, 283–284

Companies and Corporations chairman’s decision to exclude votes

judicial review, 294–295 class actions – see Class Actions directors – see Directors duty of stock exchange (NZ), 233 joint ventures – see Joint Ventures legislation

history, 7



Companies and Corporations – continued liquidators – see Liquidators members’ right to inspect company books, 621–640*

abolition of special interest requirement, 631–633 general law right & deference to internal

management, 624–626 good faith & proper purpose, 626–631

“composite test”, 627 discretion, 630–631 matters of proof, 629–630 objective test, 628–629 occasions where good faith may be emphasised,

627–628 primary & secondary purposes, 628 purpose within corporate group, 629

orders limiting use of information, 637–638 proper inspection purposes exemplified, 634–635 scope of inspection order, 633–634

interpretation of post-1989 legislative text, 635–637

interpretation of pre-1989 legislative text, 635 statutory remedy, 622–624

access through company resolution, 623 applications in conjunction with derivative action,

623 “books of the company”, 622 Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), ss 247A to 247D,

639–640 disclosure & use of information 622 history of remedy, 623–624 litigation contexts, 624

trustees & directors, 638–639 pre-emption

last set of audited accounts (UK), 441 rights after amalgamation, 380

shareholders – see Shareholders shares – see Shares

Computers incrimination by, 656

Conferences Judicial Academic Conference on the Role of the

Supreme Court (London, 2009), 647 Qatar Law Forum (2009), 143–144, 507–508*

Confidential Information inadvertent disclosure, 802 trade secrets

public domain, 242–254* breach of confidence cause of action, 242–244 EPI Environmental Technologies v Symphony

Plastic, 251–253

Confidential Information – continued trade secrets – continued

public domain – continued equitable nature of breach of confidence claim,

244–246 intellectual property rights, 247 Krueger Transport Equipment v Glen Cameron

Storage, 239 Maggbury v Hafele Australia, 247–249 Polwood v Foxworth, 253–254 springboarding and reverse engineering, 249–251 trade secrets concerning products in public domain,

254 utility of breach of confidence claim to protect

trade secrets, 246–247

Conflict of Laws restraint of fraudulent alienation of foreign immovables,

297

Constitutional Law Australian Military Court, 804 Fiji – see Fiji history in Australia, 7, 810–816*

Andrew Inglis Clark, 199–207* Eureka Stockade & the cultural impact of gold, 811–

812 Inter-State Commission, 765–773*

constitutional provisions, 765–766 functions, 771–772 Wheat Case, 766–768

analysis of decision, 768–771

Contempt of Court false statements to court before settlement, 155 kangaroo T-shirts (Singapore), 73

Contract – see also Contract for Sale of Land accord & satisfaction, 523 extrinsic evidence, when considered, 81 formation

implied offer and acceptance, 441–442 liability of valuers (UK), 443–444 quasi specific performance, 666–667 reimbursement conversion not binding, 294 repudiation, 383 sham deeds, 10 waiver, 817–839*

abandonment or renunciation, 833–834 ARF v Gardiner

facts, 817–818 plea of waiver, 823



Contract – continued waiver – continued

ARF v Gardiner – continued result: no waiver of requirement for punctuality,

834–835 treatment of waiver defence at first instance & in

Court of Appeal, 824–827 treatment of waiver defence in High Court, 827–

829 concept of waiver of contractual rights, 837–839 doctrine not separate in Australian contract law, 835 election, 829–832 Ewart’s thesis, 819–823 forbearance, 832–833 residual category or general principle not in

Australian contract law, 836–837 waiver or legal rights in ordinary parlance, 818–

819

Contract for Sale of Land – see also Conveyancing best endeavours, 156–157 claims (NSW), 719–720 conditional, 155 date “specified”, 720–721 estate agents – see Estate Agents recovery of deposit, 524 repudiation by insistence on right inspect premises,

514–515 rescission – see Rescission specific performance

resisting on basis of hardship, 513–514 split deposits

recovery of instalments, 512–513 time to complete

early notice, 151 late notice, 151–152

Contributory Negligence standard of care and, 600

Conveyancing – see also Contract for Sale of Land co-ownership

ouster, 721 rights after appointment of trustee for sale, 523–524

exceptions, 150–151 legislation

history, 7 reservations, 150–151 transactions, 152–153 undertakings, 719

Copyright factual compilations, 840–848*

Copyright Act provisions, 840 Nine Network v IceTV, 842–848

High Court decision, 846–848 Telstra v Desktop Marketing, 840–842

Corporations Law – see Companies and Corporations

Costs against lawyers

solicitor’s retainer questioned, 158 case management, 157–158 public officer’s decision challenged, 158

Counsel – see also Advocacy; Client Legal Privilege; Senior Counsel

in-house – see Client Legal Privilege time limits in courts, 509–510

Coups d’État Fiji – see Fiji

Courts – see also Appellate Courts; Litigation; Tribunals

Australian Military Court, 804 buildings

new precincts, 434 Sydney, 787

decentralisation (Qld), 75 etiquette

Bar table, 788–789 forms

harmonisation, 359–361 funding

cost cutting, 789–790 performance indicators, 142–143 rules

harmonisation, 359–361 time limits for counsel, 509–510 Victoria – see Victoria

Covenants – see Contract for Sale of Land; Landlord and Tenant

Criminal Law and Procedure – see also Sedition; Sentencing; Sexual Assault; Treason

Aboriginal people – see Aboriginals bail – see Bail committal proceedings – see Committal Proceedings convicted prisoner, meaning of, 28–29 conviction annulled, 443 conviction of secondary offender, 235–236 defences

honest & reasonable mistake, 88–89



Criminal Law and Procedure – coontinued regulations catching innocent individuals, 362 retiring judge’s comments, 716 seriousness of crimes, 716 settler-indigenous violence – see Aboriginals statistics, 509 trials

length of, 433–434

Cross-Border Insolvency court communications, 90–96*

American Law Institute guidelines, 91–96 British Columbia cases, 93–96 principles, 92 rationale, 92

history, 90–91 UNCITRAL Model Law, 44–55*

adoption, 46 broader context, 52–54 centre of main interest (COMI), 47–48 corporate groups, 46 direct communications between courts, 50–52 judicial arrangements for assistance, 49–50 need for co-operation, 45–46 statutory arrangements for co-operation, 48–49 transaction costs, 44–45

United States recognition of Australian liquidation, 217–219

Cross-Examinations – see Advocacy

D

Damages exemplary – see Exemplary Damages non-payment of money, 83 punitive

Exxon Valdez (US), 23–26

De Facto Relationships court jurisdiction to make consent orders where

relationship denied, 588–589 identification of relationship, 588–589

Death Duties legislation

history, 7

Deeds sham, 10

Deposits – see Contract for Sale of Land

Directors – see also Companies and Corporations convening & cancelling corporate meetings, 664–665 de facto, 155–156 ratification of breaches – see Shareholders

Disciplinary Proceedings – see Professional Disciplinary Proceedings

Disclosure – see Children

Discovery electronic, 284

Discrimination Legislation freedom of association and, 652 State law and Commonwealth, 84–85

Documentary Evidence rule in the Queen’s Case, 669–688*

history of the Queen’s Case, 669–675 Queen Caroline’s trial, 675–680 rule in force, 680–688

ALRC view, 685 Evidence Act 1995, 685–686 judicial consideration of Evidence Act 1995,

s 44(3), 686–687 partial statutory abrogation, 682–683 R v Jack, 683 R v Orton, 683–685 reaction, 682 review of Evidence Act, 687–688 survival of rule, 688

Domestic Violence national report on, 716

Driving – see Vehicles and Traffic

E

Easements necessity

strata buildings, 724–725 obstructions to right of way & the right to maintain &

improve easements, 792–796 possession

public habitually walking through golf course, 668 right of carriageway

asphalt vs trafficable turf, 222–223

Education – see Legal Education

Elder Law introduction of subject, 140 quasi-trusts, 181–192* seniors cards, mutual recognition of, 141



Electronic Documents discovery & litigation, 284

Employment Law book review, 566

England – see United Kingdom

Equitable Liens, 97–127* Barclay’s Bank v Estates & Commercial Ltd, 125–127 concept, 97 court orders, 120–121 differentiation, 98 historical & policy aspects justification, 97–98 purchaser’s lien, 110–120, 124–125

basis of, 111–113 rationale for, 124–125 specific performance, 113–120

single rational for, 121–122 variety, 98–99 vendor’s lien, 99–110, 122–124

circumstances where no lien arises, 105–107 goods, 107–110 judicial statements of basis for, 101–105 rationale for, 122–124 types of property, 99–100 what is secured, 100

Equity quasi-trusts, 181–192* redemption – see Redemption restitution – see Restitution

Estate Agents Qld cases, 581–582

Estoppel equitable

statutory tenancy, 803 issue – see Issue Estoppel proprietary

constructive trusts and, 596–597 developer prejudiced by owner reneging, 29–30

Evidence – see also Advocacy; Affidavits documents – see Documentary Evidence expert – see Expert Evidence honest & reasonable mistake, 88–89 inference, 86 photographs, 234 statements & privilege, 597 testimony, credit and truthfulness, 256–259 truth and – see Fact Finding

Executors and Administrators family law, 379 uniform succession laws, 748–749

model legislation, 748

Exemplary Damages vicarious liability for, 548–565*

case law, 561–565 Court of Appeal decision in Ibbett, 561–562 exemplary damages against the state, 563–565 High Court decision in Ibbett, 562–563

doctrine of vicarious liability, 553–561 basic nature, 553–554 relevant characteristics, 554–561

rationales of exemplary damages, 549–553 deterrence, 550–551, 552–553 punishment, 550, 552–553 role of rationales, 551–553 vindication & denunciation, 551, 553

Expert Evidence admissibility

pornography, 156 competing experts, 803–804

F

Fact Finding, 255–262* – see also Evidence reasons for decisions, 260–262 testimony, credit and truthfulness, 256–259 unconscious bias, 259–260

Family Court of Australia accrued jurisdiction, 694–703*

claim not colourable, 699 criteria for existence, 696 discretionary jurisdiction, 696–698 impression & practical judgment, 698–699 initial doubts about width of jurisdiction, 695–696 irrelevance of contrived jurisdiction, 699–700 recent authority, 700–702 third party interests, 700

instruments, 17–18 orders

binding on third parties, 18–19 summary dismissal, 17 videolinks, 73

Family Law – see also Children; De Facto Relationships

deceased’s legal personal representative, 378–379 injury to stored sperm, 596



Family Provision history of testator’s family maintenance

backdating NSW Act, 614–616 discretionary form, 612–614

uniform laws, 738–740 eligibility, 738–739 model legislation, 738 property, 739–740

Federal Court of Australia realignment (2009), 215–216

Federal Magistrates realignment (2009), 215–216

Federalism history, 8

Fiduciary Duty bankruptcy – see Bankruptcy

Fiji Constitution

coup cases (2009), 319–330* codification of reserve powers, 327–328 coup of 2006, 324–325 Court of Appeal judgment, 325–327 dismissal of Prime Minister and doctrine of

necessity, 322–324 new coup and abrogation of Constitution, 327 earlier coups and doctrine of necessity, 319–322 indestructibility of Constitution, 330 pragmatism and consequences of constitutional

breaches, 328–330

Finance fraud

liability (US), 591–594

Fines – see Penalties

Fraud and Misrepresentation identity – see Identity Fraud quasi-trusts, 181–192* relying on one’s own fraud, 85 securities

liability (US), 591–594

Freedom from Poverty – see Poverty

Freedom of Association anti-discrimination and, 652

Freedom of Religion – see Religion

H

Habeas Corpus prison conditions and, 395–406*

bases to challenge prison conditions, 397–398 intolerable conditions, 398 residual liberty, 398

elements of writ, 396–397 human rights legislation, 404–405 jurisprudence, 398–402

Australian cases, 400–402 Canadian cases, 400 UK cases, 398–399 US cases, 399–400

otherwise lawful imprisonment, 405–406 Potier proceedings, 402–404

High Court judges

appointment new judges, 71

history, 7 knighthoods, 7 retirement, 71

Hire Purchase tort liability for damage to goods. 7

Holidays, 72

House of Lords replaced as final court of appeal by Supreme Court,

647–649

Human Rights – see also Bill of Rights; Poverty book review, 849–851 education

book review, 849–851 statutory interpretation and (book review), 346–347

I

Identity Fraud NSW legislation, 577 statistics, 576–577

Immigration Law Australian Constitution

White Australia policy, 814–816 United States

security procedures, 143

Imprisonment habeas corpus and – see Habeas Corpus



Indemnity Insurance – see Insurance

Indigenous Peoples – see Aboriginals

Indonesia law and society (book review), 774

Insolvency – see also Bankruptcy cross-border – see Cross-Border Insolvency liquidators – see Liquidators

Insurance amounts owed to bank covered by trade credit insurance

policy, 295–296 indemnity

bankruptcy of insured, 82–83

Intellectual Property – see also Copyright; Trade Marks

law simplification & clarification, 806–809*

International Commercial Arbitration drafting effective clauses, 305–318*

appointment of arbitral panel members, 311 benefits of arbitration, 305–307 combined or staged dispute resolution processes

ending in arbitration, 316–317 confidentiality and privacy, 312–313 consolidation of arbitrations, 317 function of clause, 309 language of arbitration, 311–312 law applicable to merits of dispute, 311 matters addressed or incorporated in clause, 309–310 number of arbitrators, 311 place (seat) of arbitration, 314–316 procedural rules, 307–308 qualifications of arbitrators, 313 scope of clause, 310–311 service on parties, 314 sovereign state party to contract, 313

International Commercial Litigation arbitration – see International Commercial

Arbitration Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements,

386–394* commercial imperative, 387–390 provisions, 390–392

International Law – see also Conflict of Laws child protection, 589–590 insolvency – see Cross-Border Insolvency taxation of investments of foreign sovereigns – see

Taxation

Internet judgments, 7–8 service by Facebook, 72–73

Intestacy – see Succession Issue Estoppel

scope of doctrine, 726

J Joint Tenants

right of survivorship companies, 437–438

Joint Ventures fiduciary obligations, 521

Journalists – see Media Journals – see Law Journals/Reviews Judges

appeals from naming judge below, 575

appointment advertising, 8–9 election, 717–718 England, 8–9

bias unconscious bias, 259–260

communication, 9 conference attendance– see Conferences decisions – see Judgments and Orders education

communication, 9 evidence and judicial knowledge, 234 High Court – see High Court impartiality

pre-trial preparation, 787 “out of touch” myth, 434 recusation

book review, 776 judge’s spouse a partner in law firm acting for party,

381 remuneration (NSW), 7retired

academic work, 509 retirement

age, 436 sleeping, 88, 228–230

Judgments and Orders editing & proof reading, 7–8 language (US), 74 reasons for – see Reasons for Judgment setting aside verdict of acquittal (UK), 444–445 structure, 75–76, 141–142, 363–364



Judicial Review book review, 566–567

Jury convictions by

review of, 508–509 directions to, 71–72 distraction by judge’s conduct, 228–230 retiring judge’s comments, 716 survey of jurors, 71–72

Justices of the Peace functions, 510–511

Juveniles bail, 575–576

L

Land – see also Real Property unencumbered fee simple, 15–16

Landlord and Tenant – see also Leases covenants

damages for breach, altering premises without landlord’s consent, 296, 365–366

estoppel from enforcing breach, 367 parting with possession, 724 reinstatement required by landlord, 366–367 rent review

“market rental” vs “market rental value”, 220 right of inspection and environmental audit, 367–368

Language – see also Statutory Interpretation; Words and Phrases

brevity and clarity, 704–707* Pythagoras, 704–705

discussion of quote, 705–706 meaning of quote, 705

relevance to modern legal practitioners, 706–707

Law Journals/Reviews citation ranking, 363 rating by law schools, 139–140, 363, 787

Law Reports azaleas in, 653–654 Commonwealth Law Reports, 431

Law Reviews – see Law Journals/Reviews

Law Schools – see Legal Education

Lawyers – see Legal Practitioners

Leases – see also Landlord and Tenant assignment

unreasonably withholding consent, 796–797 enforcement of guarantees by purchasers from landlord,

220 minor, grant to, 801–802 option to renew – see Option to Renew Lease rent review – see Landlord and Tenant security beyond duration of assignee’s interest, 440 successive, for five-year terms, 78–79 termination methods, 77 trading from premises, 77–78

Legal Aid annual report (NSW)

(2007/08), 142

Legal Education – see also Judges; Legal History rating of law journals, 139–140 retired judges as academics, 509 traditionality, 447–448* university law schools

practice of law and, 577–578

Legal History – see also Personalia/People in the Law legal education, 31–43*

arguments against teaching, 37–39 arguments for teaching, 39–42 Australian law school curricula, 32–35 Australian law schools in 2008, 35–37 future restoration of courses, 42–43

Legal Journals – see Law Journals/Reviews

Legal Personal Representatives – see Executors and Administrators

Legal Practitioners – see also Counsel; Personalia/People in the Law; Solicitors

conflicts of duties, 87 death of oldest (2008), 10 fees, 139 history, 7 national legal profession, 715–716 regulation of the legal profession

cost, 9–10 national regulatory body, 431–432

Legal Professional Privilege – see Client Legal Privilege

Legal Representation – see Self-Represented Litigants



Legislative Powers universality, 653

Letters to the Editor, 75–76, 147, 363–364

Liability – see also Negligence vicarious – see Exemplary Damages

Liens, Equitable – see Equitable Liens

Liquidators litigation benefitting lawyers & funders, 446

Litigation – see also Practice and Procedure adversarial system (Vic), 286–287 case management

costs of litigation, 157–158 large and long civil litigation, 717

electronic, 284 privilege & statements of evidence, 597 purpose of, 601–608* vexatious litigants – see Vexatious Litigants

Local Government churches’ exemption from rating, 27

M

Magistrates appeal courts and, 652–653

Malaysia penalties, 649–651, 787–788 right of prisoner to require that sentence be carried out,

649–651

Media history, 7 secrecy of journalists’ sources, 359 sentencing issues, 283

Mediation enforceability of agreements to mediate, 299–304*

Hooper Bailie decision, 299 misunderstanding of, 300 questions unanswered by, 300–304

Mental Health probate and lunatics, 610–612

Military Coups d’État Fiji – see Fiji

Military Law Australian Military Court, 804

Mines and Mining copper and gold, 725

Mortgages adverse possession and mortgagors (UK), 222 all moneys clauses, 11–14 fraud

forgery by mortgagor’s son, 81 indefeasibility

mortgagee’s diminishing expectations, 658–659 British Columbia, 658 economic implications, 659 New South Wales, 658 New Zealand, 659

mortgagee’s duties on sale, 579–581

penalties & relief against forfeiture, 83–84 sales by mortgagee

breach of duty, 148–149 market value, 148–149 purchaser’s caveatable interest, 149 second, unregistered mortgagee, 149–150

Motor Vehicles – see Vehicles and Traffic

N

Names changing, reasons for, 576–577

Natural Justice – see Procedural Fairness

Negligence contributory – see Contributory Negligence duty of care

careless processing by public authorities, 380 standard of care, 599–600

evidence & inference, 86 public law, 331–345*

control mechanisms, 331–333 control, 332–333 statutory intention, 333

Gibbs CJ in Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman, 340–344

misfeasance and non-feasance (omissions and positive acts), 336–337

public authorities, 337–340 East Suffolk Rivers Catchment Board v Kent, 338–

340 Pyrenees Shire Council v Day, 334–336

no general duty to prevent harm, 335–336 solicitors – see Solicitors



New South Wales Bar Council

elections, 7, 20 history, 7

Judicial Commission annual reports, 71

Senior Counsel appointed, 20–21, 722 Sydney University – see University of Sydney

Non-Profit Organisations governance (book review), 347

Nuisance – see Private Nuisance

O

Oaths – see Affidavits

Obituaries Bilbie, George Scott, 10 Connolly, Peter (Justice), 779–780 Costigan, Frank, QC, 348–349 Mortimer, John (Sir), 272–273 Nagle, John Flood (Justice), 778–779 Phillips, John Harber (Chief Justice), 778 Rose, Dennis John, AM, QC, 63–64 Rumpole, Horace, 144–146

Option to Renew Lease meaning, 14–15

P

Parliament – see Legislative Powers

Partnership dissolution

opportunity arising after, 28 history of legal firms, 7

Penalties collection of fines, 435 relief against forfeiture, 83–84

Personal Injury stored sperm, 596

Personal Property security (Canada)

statutory licences, 660–663

Personalia/People in the Law – see also Counsel; Legal Practitioners; Obituaries

Bell, Virginia (Justice), 71 Bergin, P A (Justice), 292–293 Bilbie, George Scott, 10 Chaney, John (Justice), 371–372 Clark, Andrew Inglis, 199–207* Davies, Jennifer (Justice), 371 Forster, Robert (Justice), 520 Kirby, Michael (Justice), 71, 224–227, 486–491 Macfarlan, Robert (Justice), 20–21 Merralls, James, AM QC, 431 O’Connor, Robert K, 22 O’Farrell, Michael, SC, 293 Porter, David (Justice), 21 Schmidt, Monika (Justice), 722 Spigelman, James (Chief Justice), 128–131 Torrens, Robert (Sir), 79–80 Ward, Julie (Justice), 227 Young, Peter Wolstenholme (Justice), 369–370

Pleadings referring to documents

right to particulars of denial, 231–232

Police driving on duty in manner dangerous to public, 298 reasonable suspicion of being a terrorist, 595

Policy statutory interpretation and, 805

Pornography admissibility of expert evidence, 156

Poverty freedom from (book review), 269–271

Practice and Procedure – see also Litigation; Service of Process; Subpoenas and Notices to Produce

Bar table, 788–789 case management

costs of litigation, 157–158 timely & just payment, 715

class actions – see Class Actions court rules

harmonisation, 359–361 settlement –see Settlement of Proceedings time limits for counsel, 509–510 videolinks, 73

Precedents book review, 775–776 intermediate appellate courts, 285–286



Prison – see Imprisonment

Private International Law – see Conflict of Laws

Private Nuisance noise and injunctions, 598–599

Privilege Against Self-Incrimination access to computer, 656

Probate lunatics and, 610–612

Procedural Fairness adjudication process, 665–666

Procedure – see Practice and Procedure

Professional Disciplinary Proceedings criminal allegations (NZ), 233–234

Property – see also Personal Property; Real Property history of Australian law (book review), 128 promissory estoppel

equitable set-off, 723–724

Proprietary Estoppel – see Estoppel

Punitive Damages – see Damages

Purchaser – see Vendor and Purchaser

Purchaser’s Lien – see Equitable Liens

Q

Quasi-Trusts – see Trusts and Trustees

Queensland civil & administrative tribunal, 575 decentralisation, 75

Quizzes – see Trivia

R

Rape – see Sexual Assault

Real Property – see also Easements; Mortgages; Torrens System; Vendor and Purchaser

adverse possession confirmation of title (UK), 439 mortgagors and (UK), 222

unencumbered fee simple, 15–16

Reasons for Judgment fact finding and, 260–262

Redemption clogs on equity

share trading, 273–241* bailment of fungibles, 238–239

Religion burial of heretics, 521–522 churches’ exemption from rating, 27 clergy discipline

sexual misconduct short of adultery, 381–382 freedom of religion

Australian Constitution, 812–814

Rent – see Landlord and Tenant; Leases

Representative Proceedings – see Class Actions

Rescission conveyancing of leasehold

landlord’s consent not obtained, 445

Restitution Anglo-Australian split, 726–727

Restraint of Trade covenant not to be employed, carry on or be financially

or otherwise engaged in competitive business, 297–298

S

Securities – see Shares

Sedition history of the crime, 449–485*

Australia, 478 Canadian Law Reform Commission, 477 case for abolition, 473–477 English law (1792–1799: reign of George III), 449–

453 treason, 449–450

English law (1800–1820: reign of George III), 453–455

English law (1820–1848), 455–458 seditious conspiracy, 459–463

English law (1848), 463–466 Treason Felony Act 1848, 466–467

English law (1868–1901), 470–471 Stephen’s formulation (1877), 467–470

English law (1901–1991), 471–473 English law: Human Rights Act 1998, 479 English law: list of offences (1605–1991), 480–485 Ireland Law Reform Commission, 478 New Zealand Law Commission, 477 United States, 478



Self-Incrimination – see Privilege Against Self-Incrimination

Self-Represented Litigants increase in, 139 judicial role, 9

Senior Counsel appointment

NSW, 20–21, 722 Tasmania, 293

Seniors – see Elder Law

Sentencing – see also Imprisonment juvenile offenders, 509 Malaysia, 649–651, 787–788 media reporting, 283, 508 religious groups and, 787–788 right of prisoner to require that sentence be carried out

(Malaysia), 649–651 videolinks, 73

Service of Process Facebook, 72–73

Settlement of Proceedings plaintiff dying before order made, 598

Sexual Assault consent, 85 setting aside verdict of acquittal (UK), 444–445

Sexual Misconduct clergy discipline, 381–382

Sexual Offences voyeurism

men’s breasts, 442–443

Shareholders class actions – see Class Actions convening and cancelling corporate meetings, 664–

665 power to postpone, 726

ratification of directors’ breaches, 525–547* alternative system, 535–541

general law development, 536–538 statutory law development, 538–541

dominant system of liability relief & role for shareholder approval, 532–535

relief from liability left to court, 533 shareholder approval as evidence, 533–535 shareholder approval in other contexts, 535

Shareholders – continued ratification of directors’ breaches – continued

limitations of doctrine, 528–532 breaches of statutory duties, 529 disclosure, 530 “promise not to sue”, 528–529 prospective ratification, 531–532 substantial, confusing exceptions at general law,

529–530 unclear procedure, 532

mechanisms, 525–528 affirmation & acquiescence, 526 agency laws, 527 indemnity provisions, 528 prevention of minority action, 526–527 prospective vs subsequent ratification, 527–528

merits, 541–546 meritorious use for doctrine, 545–546 power to corporation, 541–542 preference for court-based forgiveness, 545 shareholders acting for corporation, 542–545

reform, 546–547

Shares fraud

liability (US), 591–594 registers

cost of supplying copy, 444 trading

clogs on equity of redemption, 237–241* bailment of fungibles, 238–239

Singapore strata titles

protecting minority interests in collective sales, 288–291 Slavery

international law, 516–519 Niger decision, 517–518 prohibition, 516–517

Small Business Commissioner’s Office (Vic), 362

Solicitors – see also Legal Practitioners negligence

limits of liability, 801

Specific Performance – see Contract

Statutory Interpretation government policy and interests and, 805 human rights and (book review), 346–347



Strata Titles building managers, misconduct by, 154 easements of necessity, 724–725 protecting minority interests in collective sales

(Singapore), 288–291

Subpoenas and Notices to Produce legal professional privilege, 81–82

Succession – see also Family Provision; Probate; Wills distribution to spouses and children on intestacy (NSW),

435 legal history, 609–620*

primogeniture, 616–617 uniform laws, 728–751*

administration of estates, 748–749 model legislation, 748

family provision, 738–740 eligibility, 738–739 model legislation, 738 property, 739–740

intestacy, 741–747 bona vacantia, 746 comment on provisions, 747–748 forfeiture/disclaimer, 746 hotchpot, 746 indigenous estates, 747 model legislation, 741 other relatives, 745–746 per capita/per stirpes, 744–745 posthumous children, 744 spouse’s share, 741–744 survivorship, 744 whole blood/half blood, 744

wills, 729–738 anti-lapse rule, 731–732 capacity lacking, 732–737 delegation of will-making power, 732 dispensing powers, 730–731 model legislation, 729–730 rectification, 737–738 unincorporated associations, 732

Superannuation trustees’ exercise of discretionary powers, 159–180*

basis for review of decisions, 161–164 contractual relations between members & trustees,

173–174 employment context of occupational superannuation,

167–172 importance of occupational superannuation, 174 Karger v Paul tests, 166

Superannuation – continued trustees’ exercise of discretionary powers – continued

members providing consideration, 172–173 natural justice & review of discretions, 174–175 remedy if court intervenes for invalid exercise, 175-177 statutory review of decisions, 177–180 test to apply to decisions, 164–166 types of discretionary decisions, 160–161

Supreme Court (WA) annual review, 140–141

T

Taxation foreign sovereigns’ investments, 752–764*

application of principles to tax laws, 757–761 foreign state immunity in Australia, 755–757 sovereign immunity under international law, 752–755 State taxation, 761

Technology and Law discovery & litigation, 284

Terrorism legislative response, 651–652 reasonable suspicion, 595

Testator’s Family Maintenance – see Family Provision

Torrens System easements – see Easements indefeasibility of title

overriding statutes, 655–657 unnecessary amendment (NSW), 656 failure of legislation to entrench (NSW), 655–656 overreach (NSW), 657 policy development (NSW), 657

joint tenancy severance, 27, 221

possessory title and, 221–222 Torrens’s later life & death, 79–80

Tort duty of stock exchange (NZ), 233 harassment, 723

Trade Marks – see also Intellectual Property good faith and, 665 revocation and infringement, 384–385



Trade Practices – see also Restraint of Trade accessorial liability, 407–422*

actual or constructive knowledge, 411–415 something short of actual knowledge, 413–414 wilful blindness, 415

interaction between ss 51A and 75B, 420–422 knowledge of falsity, 408–411

alternative approach, 410–411 application of Yorke v Lucas, 409 potentially conflicting authorities, 409–410 Yorke v Lucas, 408–409

silence or inaction and s 75B, 415–419 aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring

contravention, 416 conspiring with others to effect contravention, 417 inducing contravention, 416–417 knowingly concerned in or party to contravention, 417 silence or inaction, 417–419

false or misleading advertising of price, 689–693*

Trade Secrets – see Confidential Information

Traffic Law – see Vehicles and Traffic

Treason history of the crime, 449–450

Tribunals Queensland, 575

Trivia questions and answers, 791, 852

Trusts and Trustees – see also Joint Ventures bankruptcy – see Bankruptcy constructive

proprietary estoppel and, 596–597 quasi-trusts, 181–192*

incidental benefits, 87–88 life estates

management of trust property, 232–233 no challenge clauses, 27–28 purchase of trust property by trustee, 832 quasi-trusts, 181–192* right of indemnity, 86, 231 superannuation– see Superannuation voluntary transfer set aside for mistake of fact, 295

U

UNCITRAL Model Law – see Cross-Border Insolvency Undue Influence

elder law, 140

United Kingdom – see also House of Lords Supreme Court established (2009), 647–649

United States immigration procedures, 143 insolvency law

recognition of Australian liquidation, 217–219 securities fraud

liability, 591–594

University Law Reviews – see Law Journals/Reviews

University of Sydney opening of new law school, 361

official address, 447–448 Unrepresented Claimants – see Self-Represented

Litigants

V Valuers

liability in contract (UK), 443–444 Vehicles and Traffic

police driving on duty in manner dangerous to public, 298

speeding fines, 578

Vendor and Purchaser – see also Contract for Sale of Land; Conveyancing

notices to complete forfeiture of deposit (UK), 664

purchaser’s lien – see Equitable Liens vendor’s lien – see Equitable Liens

Vexatious Litigants Victoria, 285

Vicarious Liability – see Exemplary Damages

Victoria Bar Council

appointments, 21 County Court

criminal cases listing priorities, 216–217 Law Institute

centenary (1959), 7 Small Business Commissioner’s Office, 362

Violence against women

national report on, 716 breach of the peace and, 802 settler–indigenous – see Aboriginals



W

Waiver – see Contract

Warfare Geneva Conventions on protection of victims

60th anniversary of adoption, 798–800 Convention on Cluster Munitions, 583–587

context, 583–584 dangers, 584–585 definition of cluster munitions, 583 entry into force, 587 measures to be taken, 586–587 objectives, 585 relations with non-parties, 587 scope, 585–586

Warranties review of Commonwealth statutory provisions, 362

Western Australia Australian Law Journal correspondent, 22 Supreme Court – see Supreme Court (WA)

Wills – see also Executors and Administrators; Probate; Succession

case management costs of litigation, 157–158

Wills – continued construction

apportionment of property split between spouse and four cousins, 380

“cut off with a shilling”, 617–618 incapable persons

scope of court’s power, 522–523 limitations

rule in Shelley’s Case, 618–620 mutual

binding contract, 157 caveatable interests of beneficiaries, 725

uniform succession laws, 729–738* anti-lapse rule, 731–732 capacity lacking, 732–737 delegation of will-making power, 732 dispensing powers, 730–731 model legislation, 729–730 rectification, 737–738 unincorporated associations, 732

Women violence against

national report on, 716

Words and Phrases “best endeavours”, 156–157 “exception”, 150–151 “reservation”, 150–151

___________________________

THE

AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL

REPORTS

VOLUME 83

January 2009 — December 2009

EDITED BY LAWBOOK CO

PRODUCTION EDITOR CAROLYN MAY

THOMSON REUTERS

2009

Customer Service and Sales Inquiries

Tel: 1300 304 195 Fax: 1300 304 196

Web: www.thomsonreuters.com.au/legal/ Email: [email protected]

Editorial Inquiries

Tel: 61 2 8587 7000

HEAD OFFICE

100 Harris Street Pyrmont NSW 2009

Tel: 61 2 8587 7000 Fax: 61 2 8587 7100

ISSN 0004-9611

Typeset by Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Ltd, Pyrmont, NSW

Printed by Ligare Pty Ltd, Riverwood, NSW

The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 iii

The mode of citation of this volume of the AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS

will be: 83 ALJR

AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS

CONTENTS

CASE REPORTERS ............................................................................. v

TABLE OF CASES REPORTED ......................................................... vii

CORRIGENDA ..................................................................................... xi

AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL REPORTS, VOL 83 ....................... 1-1238

INDEX .................................................................................................. 1239

ARRANGEMENT OF INDEXES AND TABLES OF CASES

• The ALJR Table of Cases and Index relate solely to the cases reported in the Reports, that is, to cases decided by the High Court of Australia.

• The ALJ Table of Cases and Index relate solely to the content of the Journal and are located in the separately bound ALJ.

iv The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83

The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 v

CASE REPORTERS

John Carroll Christine Tooma Eldabbagh

Sarah-Jane Greenaway Alan Luchetti

James McGregor Colleen Tognetti Clare Tuckerman Diana Van Breda

Adam Weir Paul Weston

___________________________

vi The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83

The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 vii

TABLE OF CASES REPORTED

A

ACQ Pty Ltd v Cook, 986 Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196 Aircair Moree Pty Ltd v Cook, 986 Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory

Revenue, 1152 Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd v Australian National

University, 951 Australian Competition & Consumer Commission v

Channel Seven Brisbane Pty Ltd, 691 Australian National University; Aon Risk Services

Australia Ltd v, 951

B

Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd; Campbell v, 903 Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd; Campbell v (No 2), 1101 Bakewell v The Queen, 894 Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210 Bowen Investments Pty Ltd; Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v, 390 Brooker; Friend v, 724 Bruton Holdings Pty Ltd (In liq) v Federal Commissioner

of Taxation 1034

C

Calliden Insurance Ltd v Fox, 1086 Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903 Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (No 2), 1101 Carroll v The Queen, 579 Cesan v The Queen, 43 Channel Seven Brisbane Pty Ltd; Australian Competition

& Consumer Commission v, 691 Chesterton; Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v, 654 Clarke v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1044 Collins; Northern Territory v, 1 Commonwealth; Wong v, 271 Commonwealth; Wurridjal v, 399 Cook; ACQ Pty Ltd v, 986

Cook; Aircair Moree Pty Ltd v, 986 Customs, Comptroller-General of; Parker v, 494

D

Day; Federal Commissioner of Taxation v, 68 Director-General, Department of Community Services;

LK v, 525

E

Edwards; R v, 717

F

Fellowes v Military Rehabilitation & Compensation Commission, 1113

Fox; Calliden Insurance Ltd v, 1086 Fox; Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd v, 1086 Friend v Brooker, 724

G

Gardiner; Agricultural & Rural Finance Pty Ltd v, 196 Giudice; Visscher v, 1068 Godwin; Priestley v, 237 Goodman Fielder Ltd; Hickson v, 547

H

Hickson v Goodman Fielder Ltd, 547

I

IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, 585 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v Kumar, 539 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZIAI, 1123 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZIZO, 1104 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZJGV, 1135 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZJXO, 1135 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZKTI, 1017 Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for v SZLFX, 1029

viii The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83

Immigration & Citizenship, Minister for; Sok v, 25 Inspector Nathan Hamilton; John Holland Pty Ltd v, 1236

J

Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v Rickard Constructions Pty Ltd (subject to deed of company arrangement), 1180

Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v SST Consulting Pty Ltd, 1180

John Holland Pty Ltd v Inspector Nathan Hamilton, 1236 John Holland Pty Ltd v Victorian Workcover Authority,

1230 Jones v The Queen, 671

K

K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327 Kennan; R v, 243 Kennon; Spry v, 145 Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680 Kingsway Group Ltd; Bofinger v, 1210 Kirkland-Veenstra; Stuart v, 623 Kumar v; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 539

L

Lane v Morrison, 377 Lane v Morrison, 993 Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd v Fox, 1086 Lele; Selim v, 271 Liquor Licensing Court; K-Generation Pty Ltd v, 327 LK v Director-General, Department of Community

Services, 525 Lujans v Yarrabee Coal Co Pty Ltd, 34

M

Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557 Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43 Military Rehabilitation & Compensation Commission;

Fellowes v, 1113 Morrison; Lane v, 377 Morrison; Lane v, 993

N

Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd; IceTV Pty Ltd v, 585

Northern Territory v Collins, 1

P

Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765 Parker v Comptroller-General of Customs, 494 Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v, 557 Parramatta City Council; R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v, 557 PNJ v The Queen, 384 Priestley v Godwin, 237 Puttick v Tenon Ltd, 93

R

R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557 R v Edwards, 717 R v Keenan, 243 R; Bakewell v, 894 R; Carroll v, 579 R; Cesan v, 43 R; Jones v, 671 R; Mas Rivadavia v, 43 R; PNJ v, 384 R; Tilley v, 233 Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v Chesterton, 654 Regional Publishers Pty Ltd; Keramianakis v, 680 Rickard Constructions Pty Ltd (subject to deed of

company arrangement); Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v, 1180

Riddell v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 749

S

Sok v Minister for Immigration & Citizenship, 25 Spriggs v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 749 Spry v Kennon, 145 Spry; Kennon v, 145 SST Consulting Pty Ltd; Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v,

1180 Stuart v Kirkland-Veenstra, 623 Sutherland; Vale v, 940 Sydney Water Corporation v Turano, 1168 SZIAI; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1123 SZIZO; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1104 SZJGV; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1135

The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 ix

SZJXO; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1135 SZKTI; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1017 SZLFX; Minister for Immigration & Citizenship v, 1029

T

Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd, 390 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of v Day, 68 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of v Word Investments

Ltd, 105 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Bruton Holdings Pty

Ltd (In liq) v, 1034 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Clarke v, 1044 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Pape v, 765 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Riddell v, 749 Taxation, Federal Commissioner of; Spriggs v, 749 Tenon Ltd; Puttick v, 93 Territory Revenue, Commissioner of; Alcan (NT)

Alumina Pty Ltd v, 1152

Tilley v The Queen, 233 Turano; Sydney Water Corporation v, 1168

V

Vale v Sutherland, 940 Victorian Workcover Authority; John Holland Pty Ltd v,

1230 Visscher v Giudice, 1068

W

Wong v Commonwealth, 271 Word Investments Ltd; Federal Commissioner of Taxation

v, 105 Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399

Y

Yarrabee Coal Co Pty Ltd; Lujans v, 34

x The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83

The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 xi

CORRIGENDA Vol 83 —

Page 54 [57], line 17: For “crowding” read “clouding”.

Page 143 [186], line 10: For “His Honour said” read “His Lordship said”.

Page 243, hearing date: For “7 August” read “1 October 2008”.

Page 259 [76], line 5: For “Lord Macauley” read “Lord Macaulay”.

Page 259 [77], line 1: For “Lord Macauley” read “Lord Macaulay”.

Page 444, fn 312, line 3: Delete “Sir Isaac Isaacs – A Sequicentenary Reflection” (2005) 29 Melbourne University Law Review 880 at 893-894, 902 (repeated text).

Page 687 [31], line 1: For “s 27(1)” read “s 127(1)”.

Page 810 [213], line 3: For “Parliament” read “Constitution”.

Page 944 [15] (2), line 1: For “(2) the notice” read “(2) The notice”.

Page 1072 [16], line 4: For “positions to the filled” read “positions to be filled”.

____________________

xii The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83

The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83 1239

* This Index is to cases reported in ALJR only. There is a separate Index to ALJ.

INDEX*

A

APPEAL AND NEW TRIAL — see also CRIMINAL LAW appeal — general principles points and objections not taken below — when allowed to be raised on appeal— legal ground appearing on

evidence — family law proceedings — property settlements — trust property — whether subject of antenuptial settlement — recourse to trust property — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), s 85A — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145

right of appeal — when appeal lies error of law — denial of natural justice — long standing judgment of inferior court — disapproval or

overruling — failure to give notice to parties — whether appellant denied procedural fairness — effect on outcome of intermediate appeal — Parker v Comptroller-General of Customs, 494

New South Wales — appeal from District Court — defamation proceedings before judge and jury — finding that imputations not conveyed — where fatal to plaintiff’s case — “verdict” for defendant — whether “judgment or order of court” — District Court Act 1973 (NSW), ss 126, 127(1) — Supreme Court Act 1970 (NSW), s 75A —Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680

appeal by way of rehearing — conduct of appeal — failure to conduct proper rehearing — reliance on copies of photographs — overlooking of evidence — misconstruction of evidence — failure to deal with evidence — Supreme Court Act 1970 (NSW), s 75A(5) — Lujans v Yarrabee Coal Co Pty Ltd, 34

AVIATION — damage by aircraft — extension of liability to indirectly caused harm — statutory cause of action — importation of

common law test —Damage by Aircraft Act 1999 (Cth), ss 10(1), 10(1)(d) — ACQ Pty Ltd v Cook; Aircair Moree Pty Ltd v Cook, 986

offences in relation to aviation — Commonwealth offences — prosecution of offences — reckless operation of aircraft — stay of proceedings — delay — loss of in-flight data — where stay set aside — misapplication of relevant test — Civil Aviation Act 198 (Cth), ss 20A(1), 29 — R v Edwards, 717

B

BANKRUPTCY — administration of property — contribution of bankrupt and recovery of property — collection of money or property

from party to transaction where void against trustee — notice — “alleged facts and circumstances set out in the notice” — extent — amount claimed for payment — proper date of valuation of property — date of notice — Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth), Pt VI, Divs 3, 4B Subdiv J, ss 120, 139K, 139ZQ, 139ZQ(1), 139ZQ(2), 239ZS, 139ZS(1) — Vale v Sutherland, 940

C

CITIZENSHIP, IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION — see MIGRATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (CTH) — judicial power of the Commonwealth — military courts — Australian Military Court — constitutional validity —

Constitution, Ch III — Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth), Pt VII, Div 3 — Lane v Morrison, 993

1240 The Australian Law Journal Reports — Vol 83

Constitutional Law (Cth) — continued non-judicial organs of government — Crown — administrative machinery of government collection, appropriation and expenditure of public money — appropriation and expenditure — appropriation —

validity — sources of power to spend — scope of power — Constitution, ss 51(xxxix), 61, 81, 83 — Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), s 16 — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth), s 3 — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

law officers — right to intervene — how exercisable — when asserting argument opposed by immediate parties — High Court Rules 2004 (Cth), r 42.08.5 — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327

operation and effect of Commonwealth Constitution construction of the Constitution — amendment of the Constitution — grant of legislative power to Parliament —

matters of history and usage — relevance of — Constitution, s 51(xxiiiA) — Wong v Commonwealth; Selim v Lele, 271

executive government — generally — executive power of Commonwealth — parameters — sources of power — statute law — other sources beyond express grants of legislative power — character of national government — payments to taxpayers — response to national crisis — validity of exercise — Constitution, s 61 — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

external affairs — power in absence of treaty or convention — matters related to global economy — national economic stimulus — tax bonus — validity of legislation — whether law “with respect to” external affairs — Constitution, s 51(xxix) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

general matters — construction of the Constitution — generally — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

inconsistency of laws (Constitution, s 109) — particular cases — other matters — occupational health and safety legislation — prosecution under State law — not invalidated by Commonwealth legislation

Constitution, s 109 — Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991 (Cth), s 4 — Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 (NSW), s 8(1), (2) — John Holland Pty Ltd v Inspector Nathan Hamilton, 1236

not intended to cover field — Constitution, s 109 — Occupational Health and Safety Act 1991 (Cth), ss 4, 5 — Occupational Health and Safety and Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Legislation Amendment Act 2006 (Cth) — Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (Vic), ss 21, 23 — John Holland Pty Ltd v Victorian Workcover Authority, 1230

matters incidental to execution of powers — generally — legislative or executive powers — “nationhood power” — scope — matters of national importance — exclusive capacity of Commonwealth to address — stimulation of national economy — tax bonuses — validity of legislation — Constitution, s 51(xxxix) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

powers with respect to property — power to acquire property on just terms acquisition of property — what constitutes “property” — statutory rights — traditional indigenous land use

rights confirmed by statute — suspension or diminution — Constitution, s 51(xxxi) — Northern Territory National Emergency Response Act 2007 (Cth), ss 34(1), 60(3) — Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs and Other Legislation Amendment (Northern Territory National Emergency Response and Other Measures) Act 2007 (Cth), Sch 4 — Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth), s 71 — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399

just terms — Aboriginal land rights — emergency intervention — lease of township lands to Commonwealth — suspension of statutory land rights restricting entry by non-Aboriginals — provisions for reasonable compensation and “reasonable amount of rent” — whether equivalent to just terms — Constitution, s 51(xxxi) — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399

relationship between Commonwealth and States generally — effect of Commonwealth law on States — particular cases — South Australia — significant curtailment, interference, disability or burden — taxation — superannuation contribution surcharge — constitutionally protected funds — State parliamentarians’ pensions — Superannuation Contributions Tax (Members of Constitutionally Protected Superannuation Funds) Imposition Act 1997 (Cth) — Superannuation Contributions Tax (Members of Constitutionally Protected Superannuation Funds) Assessment and Collection Act 1997 (Cth) — Clarke v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1044


Constitutional Law (Cth) — continued operation and effect of Commonwealth Constitution — continued taxation — power with respect to taxation — scope of power —particular cases — refund or return of taxation —

economic stimulus — tax bonus — whether law “with respect to” taxation — Constitution, s 51(ii) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

trade and commerce — generally — extent of power — particular cases — actions by government — economic stimulus — bonus returned to taxpayers — legislative powers underpinning — whether law “with respect to” trade and commerce — Constitution, s 51(i) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

social services (Constitution, s 51(xxiiiA) — prohibition on authorising civil conscription — practical compulsion — whether analogous to military conscription — scheme for payment of Medicare benefits — practical need for medical practitioners to participate in scheme — examination of practitioner’s conduct to determine “inappropriate practice” — Constitution, s 51(xxiiiA) — Health Insurance Act 1973 (Cth), ss 10, 20, 20A, 82, Pt VAA — Wong v Commonwealth; Selim v Lele, 271

Territories — Commonwealth’s legislative power over Territories — relationship to other parts of the Constitution — acquisition of property on just terms — Northern Territory — traditional indigenous land use rights confirmed by statute — national emergency response — lease of Aboriginal township lands to Commonwealth — Constitution, s 122 — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399

CONTRACTS — discharge, breach and defences to actions for breach — conditions — variation and waiver — loan agreements —

requirement of punctual payment — forbearance or indulgence by lender — position of indemnifier — where excused from indemnity by borrower’s breach — Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196

general contractual principles — construction and interpretation of contracts — implied terms — terms essential to enable performance — commercial agreements — duty to co-operate — when to be implied — effect of other terms taken as whole — where commercial necessity not established — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903

COPYRIGHT — infringement — particular cases — compilations — television guides — originality of material reproduced —

relevance to infringement claim — details of programme title and broadcast time — whether “substantial part” of compiled schedule — degree of skill and labour appropriated — compilation created as by-product of other skilled effort — relevance of “skill and labour” to notion of substantiality — IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, 585

interpretation — substantial part of work or other subject matter — Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), s 14(1)(a) — IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, 585

original works in which copyright subsists — particular cases — compilations — facts contained in compilations — degree of originality required to ground infringement — level of skill and labour involved in creating copied material — where by-product of other skilled process — IceTV Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd, 585

CORPORATIONS — management and administration — duties and liabilities of offices of corporation — fiduciary and related statutory

duties — generally —fiduciary duty — to meet equal share of capital contributions — where directors allegedly involved in joint venture or partnership — Friend v Brooker , 724

membership, rights and remedies — members’ remedies and internal disputes — oppressive or unfair conduct — what constitutes — conduct of or relating to directors — oppression of fellow directors — exclusion from participation in management — corporation subsequently placed in liquidation — cessation of oppressive conduct — order for compulsory purchase of share — discretion to make — where corporation left without assets or business — Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), s 232 — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903

winding-up — winding up voluntarily — effect of voluntary winding up — other cases —recovery of income tax — scope of Commissioner’s powers — collection from person owing money to taxpayer — whether amounting to attachment — Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), s 500(1) — Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), ss 260-5, 260-45 — Bruton Holdings Pty Ltd (In liq) v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1034


CRIMINAL LAW — see also SENTENCE adjournment, stay of proceedings or order restraining proceedings — stay of proceedings — delay — delay and loss

of evidence — test to be applied — unacceptable injustice or unfairness — misapplication — stay set aside — R v Edwards, 717

appeal and new trial appeal against sentence — appeals by Crown — principles applied by appellate court to Crown appeals —

offender’s state of mind — extent to which death foreseeable — erroneous steps in appellate reasoning — sentence proceedings therefrom — Carroll v The Queen, 579

miscarriage of justice — particular circumstances not amounting to miscarriage — misdirection or non-direction — R v Keenan, 243

appeal and new trial and inquiry after conviction — appeal and new trial miscarriage of justice — particular circumstances involving miscarriage — other irregularities — judge asleep

during significant portions of trial — failure to exercise duty to supervise and control proceedings — resulting distraction of jurors — doubt as to propriety of conviction — substantial miscarriage — proviso not engaged — Criminal Appeal Act 1912 (NSW), s 6(1) — Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43

particular grounds — conduct of trial judge — sleeping during trial — failure to exercise proper supervision and control over proceedings — distraction of jury — systemic failure of judicial process — Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43

practice after criminal appeal legislation — power to order new trial or quash conviction — particular cases — new trial granted — Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43

criminal liability and capacity — double jeopardy — generally — wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm — sentence taking effect from entry into custody — subsequent murder charge arising from same acts — whether murder sentence able to be backdated — free choice in relation to plea — whether murder trial abuse of process — Criminal Law (Sentencing) Act 1988 (SA), ss 30(1), 30(2)(b) — PNJ v The Queen, 384

evidence — hearsay — propensity of co-accused — co-accused on bail for similar prior offence — fact of charge admissible — details of police brief inadmissible hearsay — Jones v The Queen, 671

general matters — ancillary liability — complicity — common purpose — directions to jury — probable consequence — nature of offence — shooting by primary offender — Criminal Code 1899 (Qld), s 8 — R v Keenan, 243

miscarriage of justice — dismissal of appeal where no substantial miscarriage of justice — application of proviso to particular cases — evidence of bad character and prior convictions — measured against similar evidence admitted by co-accused — Criminal Code (Qld), s 668E(1A) — Jones v The Queen, 671

particular offences — offences against the person acts intended to cause or causing danger to life or bodily harm or serious injury — wounding or shooting offences

— shooting — doing grievous bodily harm with intent — R v Keenan, 243 homicide — manslaughter — sentence — particular cases — Carroll v The Queen, 579 CUSTOMS AND EXCISE — officers exercising powers under Customs Act — powers of officers — search and seizure — extent of power —

notices to produce and customs warrants — admissibility of evidence obtained in excess of power — Customs Act 1901 (Cth), s 214 — Evidence Act 1995 (NSW), s 138 — Parker v Comptroller-General of Customs, 494

penal provisions — offences — evasion of duty and falsification of entries and documents — evading payment of duty — prosecution — procedure — evidence — averments — extent to which relied on — Customs Act 1901 (Cth), s 255 — Parker v Comptroller-General of Customs, 494

D

DAMAGES — breach of contract — measure of damages — commercial lease — tenant’s covenant — not to undertake substantial

alteration of property without consent — diminution of value of reversion — reinstatement damages — Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd, 390


DEFAMATION — statements amounting to defamation injury to person’s business or professional reputation — “hypothetical referees” — “right-thinking” persons —

class of persons from which drawn — person sharing standards of general community — whether necessary to have knowledge associated with business of profession — innuendo —words not defamatory per se — whether plea of true innuendo appropriate — Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v Chesterton, 654

injury to reputation in business, profession, trade or calling — imputations concerning business or professional reputation — application of general test for defamation — requirement for disparagement of reputation — distinction between defamation and injurious falsehood — Defamation Act 1974 (NSW) — Radio 2UE Sydney Pty Ltd v Chesterton, 654

DEFENCE AND WAR — defence forces — courts-martial and other service tribunals Australian Military Court — criminal jurisdiction — validity of conferral — constitutional issues — Constitution,

Ch III — Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth), ss 25, 61(2), 61(3) —Lane v Morrison, 377 generally — Australian Military Court — constitutional validity — Constitution, Ch III — Defence Force

Discipline Act 1982 (Cth), Pt VII, Div 3 — Lane v Morrison, 993

E

EMPLOYMENT LAW — effect of industrial awards, agreements or legislation on employment contract — certified agreement — termination

and breach of contract — effect of breach — repudiatory demotion by employer —employee election to affirm or terminate — Constitution, s 75(v) — Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth), Pts VIA, VIB; Pt VIB Div 2; ss 170CD(1B), 170CE(1)(a), 170CH(3), 170LZ(1) — Visscher v Giudice, 1068

EQUITY — see also TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES contribution — partners or joint venturers — benefit accruing to all — arising from payment by one — whether basis

for contribution —whether principle of “common design” can ground contribution — Friend v Brooker , 724

fiduciary obligations — confidential information — breach of confidence — disclosure — confidences relating to crimes and frauds — translation to public law regimes — statutory regimes — relevant issues — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Kumar, 539

general principles equitable doctrines and presumptions — subrogation — of guarantors — realisation of security by first

mortgagee — surplus funds paid to puisne mortgagee — where guarantors made voluntary payments in reduction of indebtedness — subrogation to security and debtor’s entitlement to account — priority over puisne mortgagee — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210

unjust enrichment — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210 remedies and procedure — ratification, affirmation and waiver — waiver — contracts — loan agreements — requirement of punctual payment — gratuitous indulgence by creditor —

variation not acknowledged by indemnifying party — debtor in breach — effect of lender’s forbearance or indulgence — where indemnity conditional on absence of breach — Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196

general principles — nature and characteristics — as aspect of contractual variation, estoppel or election — whether existing as discrete or unilateral principle — discussion of authorities — Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196

ESTOPPEL — estoppel by convention — when not arising — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210


F

FAMILY LAW AND CHILD WELFARE — family law — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) and related legislation children — overseas orders, child abduction and children out of jurisdiction — child abduction matters under

international conventions generally — LK v Director-General, Department of Community Services, 525 habitual residence — appeal — orders for return of children — retention — intention of parents — settled

purpose or intention — LK v Director-General, Department of Community Services, 525 property and maintenance of parties — alteration of property interests — property and financial resources of the parties — trust assets —

discretionary trusts — bare powers of appointment — rights of objects — due consideration and administration — concurrent

fiduciary duty of trustee — whether amounting to “property” of parties to marriage — effect of intervening divorce — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), ss 4(1), 4(2), 79(1) — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145

trust created before marriage contemplated — purported excision of husband and wife from class of objects — disposal of trust assets to trusts for children — dispositions set aside — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), ss 79(1), 106B — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145

ante and post nuptial settlements and agreements — settlements on trust — when made — whether made in contemplation of specific marriage — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), s 85A — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145

G

GUARANTEE AND INDEMNITY — rights of surety against creditor — accounting for surplus after realisation of security — subrogation to remaining security —

effect on statutory priority — Real Property Act 1900 (NSW), ss 58, 58(3) — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210

against principal debtor — indemnity — subrogation to securities — when arising — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210

H

HIGH COURT AND FEDERAL COURT — Federal Court of Australia — original jurisdiction — procedure and evidence — summary disposal and stay of

proceedings — generally — Rules of Court — validity — Federal Court Act 1976 (Cth), s 31A — Federal Court Rules 1979 (Cth), O 20 r 5 — Priestley v Godwin, 237

federal judicature exclusive and invested jurisdiction — federal jurisdiction of State courts — power to invest State courts with

federal jurisdiction — minimum characteristics of independent and impartial State court — Licensing Court of South Australia — nature of court as constituted — consequence of State enactment causing State court to fail to meet minimal standards of independence and impartiality for repository of federal jurisdiction — Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth), s 39(2) — Constitution, Ch III, ss 75, 76, 77(iii) — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327

nature and extent of judicial power — courts-martial and other service tribunals — Australian Military Court — constitutional validity — Constitution, Ch III — Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth), Pt VII, Div 3 — Lane v Morrison, 993

Federal Magistrates Court — procedure — pleadings — defences — putting plaintiff to proof — where no specific denial — where trial conducted on basis pleaded fact in issue — Vale v Sutherland, 940


High Court and Federal Court — continued High Court of Australia appellate jurisdiction appeal from verdict of jury — whether “verdict” properly so-called —defamation proceedings before judge

and jury — jurisdiction of intermediate appellate court — New South Wales — District Court Act 1973 (NSW), s 127(1) — Constitution, s 73 — Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680

procedure costs particular cases — costs of trial and intermediate appeal — where issues remitted to court below for

further hearing and determination — ultimate outcome of proceedings yet to be determined — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (No 2), 1101

suitor’s fund — when not appropriate to grant certificate — Federal Proceedings (Costs) Act 1981 (Cth), s 6(2) — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd (No 2), 1101

other matters — notices of contention — amendment — matters capable of being raised — High Court Rules 2004 (Cth), r 42.08.5 — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903

special leave to appeal bail — conspiracy to import narcotics — significant delays in proceedings below — hardship — whether

amounting to “ special circumstances” — Tilley v The Queen, 233 question not likely to arise again — legislation amended — unresolved jurisdictional error — appellant

denied redress — consequent miscarriage of justice — special leave not revoked — appeal allowed — Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680

by which decisions bound or influenced — prior decisions of the High Court power to overrule — constitutional cases — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 whether appropriate to overrule — private international law — choice of appropriate forum — relevant issues

not decided in courts below —insufficient grounds in submissions before court — Puttick v Tenon Ltd, 93

original jurisdiction matters in which High Court has original jurisdiction constitutional writs —prohibition — application to show cause other relief including certiorari — where refused — Priestley v Godwin, 237 untenable grounds — Lane v Morrison, 377 matters arising under the Constitution — legislative and executive powers of Commonwealth —validity

of statutes — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

procedure parties interveners and amicus curiae — amici curiae — constitutional cases — indigenous peoples —

submissions on foreign and international law — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399 standing — particular persons — taxpayers — declaratory relief — when available — Pape v Federal

Commissioner of Taxation, 765 pleadings — demurrer and objections — demurrer — general principles — whether appropriate

procedure — matter of general public interest — whether appropriate to progress to full hearing — Wurridjal v Commonwealth, 399

procedure — parties — interveners and amicus curiae — intervener asserting argument opposed by immediate parties — High Court Rules 2004 (Cth), r 42.08.5 — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327

HIGHWAYS — negligence and nuisance — injuries to users of highways — liability of persons other than highway authority —

liability generally — corporations and persons acting under statutory powers — water authorities — effect of pipeline works on roadside vegetation — Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), ss 43A, 43A(3) — Sydney Water Corp v Turano, 1168


I

INCOME TAX AND RELATED LEGISLATION — ascertainment of assessable income — exempt income — religious, scientific, charitable or public educational

institutions, and funds established for public charitable or scientific research purposes — “charitable institution” with religious purposes — profit from operation of businesses used to support charitable institutions — distinction between purposes and mere powers — main or predominant or dominant objects — whether distributions to charitable institutions incidental — statutory requirement that objectives be pursued principally in Australia — payment over of funds in Australia to organisations pursuing objectives outside Australia — Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), ss 50-50(a), 50-5 Item 1.1 — Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth), s 23(e) — Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Word Investments Ltd, 105

collection and recovery of tax collection from person owing money to taxpayer — corporate taxpayer in liquidation — availability and validity

of third party notice — whether amounting to attachment — Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), s 500(1) —Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), ss 260-5 — Bruton Holdings Pty Ltd (In liq) v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1034

refund of tax — tax bonus payment — as means of economic stimulus — national response to global economic crisis — validity — sources of power to grant — Constitution, ss 51(i), 51(ii), 51(xxix), 51(xxxix), 61, 81, 83 — Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), s 16 — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

deductions and rebates in calculating taxable income — losses and outgoings incurred in gaining or producing the assessable income or necessarily incurred in carrying

on a business for the purpose of gaining or producing such income generally — necessarily incurred in carrying on business — whether business carried on — management fees

paid by professional footballers — Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), ss 8-1(1)(a), 8-1(1)(b), 995-1 — Spriggs v Federal Commissioner of Taxation; Riddell v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 749

relation between loss or outgoing and assessable income of year of account — “incurred in gaining or producing assessable income” — no direct connection required — defending disciplinary charges — public servant — legal expenses deductible — Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), ss 8-1, 8-1(1)(a), 8-1(2)(b) — Public Service Act 1922 (Cth), s 56(d) — Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Day, 68

particular deductions — legal and other professional expenses defending criminal or similar charges — disciplinary charges —against officer of Commonwealth Public

Service — Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Day, 68 professional footballer — management fees — connection between outgoing and gaining or producing of

assessable income —exploitation of sporting prowess and associated celebrity —playing football inextricably linked with promotional activities — capital or income expenditure — Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), ss 8-1, 8-1(2)(a) — Spriggs v Federal Commissioner of Taxation; Riddell v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 749

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY — see COPYRIGHT; PATENTS

INTERNATIONAL TREATIES — interpretation — construction of terms — Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction —

Family Law (Child Abduction Convention) Regulations 1986 (Cth) — LK v Director-General, Department of Community Services, 525

INTERPRETATION — see also STATUTES general rules of construction of instruments — commercial and business transactions — loan agreements —

particular words — “punctual” — Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner, 196


L

LANDLORD AND TENANT — commercial lease — tenant’s covenant — not to undertake substantial alteration of property without consent —

actions for breach —measure of damages — diminution of value of reversion — reinstatement damages — Tabcorp Holdings Ltd v Bowen Investments Pty Ltd, 390

LIQUOR LAW — South Australia — application for new licence — objection by police — public interest ground — confidential

criminal intelligence — duty of licensing authority to preserve confidentiality — statutory diminution of procedural fairness — resulting judicial status of Licensing and Supreme Courts — Kable principle not offended — Liquor Licensing Act 1997 (SA), ss 4, 28A, 28A(1), 28A(2), 28A(5) — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327

LOCAL GOVERNMENT — powers, functions and duties of councils generally — powers generally — extent of powers — compulsory

acquisition of land — limits on power — purpose of re-sale — relationship between exercise of any council function and purpose of re-sale — compulsory acquisition of land already vested in council — Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991 (NSW), s 7B — Local Government Act 1993 (NSW), ss 186, 188 — R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557

M

MIGRATION — categories of visas family migration domestic violence — permanent spouse visa — relationship ceased — non-judicially determined claim of

domestic violence — claim first raised before tribunal — nature of tribunal review — procedural requirements — Sok v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, 25

spouses — cohabitation and incidents of marriage — disproof — information received in confidence — particulars — whether disclosable to applicant — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 359A, 359A(4)(c) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Kumar, 539

refugee and humanitarian visas — determination of refugee status — protection visas — evidence of conduct in Australia — conduct’s purpose to strengthen application — use of evidence adversely to applicants — determining “whether” person has well-founded fear of persecution — disregard of conduct — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 91R(3), 91R(3)(a), 91R(3)(b) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZJGV; Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZJXO, 1135

review of decisions Migration Review Tribunal hearings — spouse visa application refused — domestic violence claims — nature of tribunal review —

procedural fairness — statutory requirements — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), s 360(1) — Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth), Div 1.5, reg 1.23 — Sok v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, 25

procedural fairness — information relevant to decision — disclosure requirements — extent of disclosure to applicant — information received in confidence — whether “non-disclosable information” — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 5(1), 359A(4)(c) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Kumar, 539

Refugee Review Tribunal — conduct of review additional information sought by tribunal — obtaining information by telephone — no requirement for

written invitation Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 424(1), 424(2), 424(3), 424B — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v

SZKTI, 1017 Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 424(2), 424(3), 424B — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v

SZLFX, 1029


Migration — continued review of decisions — continued Refugee Review Tribunal — conduct of review — continued hearings allegedly forged documents failure of tribunal to make inquiries — no duty to inquire — Migration Act 1958 (Cth) — Minister for

Immigration and Citizenship v SZIAI, 1123 no invitation to further hearing — no denial of procedural fairness — no new issue raised —

Migration Act 1958 (Cth), s 425(1) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZIAI, 1123 further information obtained after hearing — where no new or additional issue raised — no requirement

for invitation to attend further hearing — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), s 425(1) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZKTI, 1017

information to be presented to applicant — reason, or a part of reason, for affirming decision under review — further information obtained by telephone — file note of conversation — not part of reasons — Migration Act 1958 (Cth), ss 424A(1)(a) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZLFX, 1029

notice to appear — notice other than to authorised recipient — exhaustive statement of requirements of natural justice hearing rule — effect of departure from requirements — Migration Act 1958 (Cth); Pt 7, Divs 4 and 7A; ss 36(2)(a), 36(2)(b), 422B, 424A(1), 425, 425A, 425A(2)(c), 441A, 441G, 441G(1) — Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZIZO, 1104

N

NEGLIGENCE — essentials of action for negligence — duty of care — reasonable foreseeability of damage — particular cases —

affecting public authorities — water authorities — temporal proximity — effect of pipeline works on roadside vegetation — duty to road users — Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), Pt 1A Div 2 — Sydney Water Corp v Turano, 1168

liability for others’ negligence — independent contractors — building and construction industry — statutory occupational health and safety obligations — whether giving rise to expanded duty — duty to train in safe work methods — Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 (NSW) — Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 2001 (NSW), cl 213(i) — Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd v Fox; Calliden Insurance Ltd v Fox, 1086

police officers — duty to prevent self-harm — power to apprehend — “mentally ill” person — reasonable grounds for believing person likely to attempt suicide — duty to exercise statutory power — Mental Health Act 1986 (Vic), ss 10, 10(1) — Stuart v Kirkland-Veenstra, 623

P

PATENTS — infringement — contributory infringement — infringement by supply of products — “ supply” to direct infringer —

“product” — supply of “input” into patented method — variety of uses to which product put — whether “staple commercial product” — statutory licence to harvest timber — timber used to produce allegedly infringing oil — Patents Act 1990 (Cth), ss 117, 117(1), 117(2)(b), Sch 1 — Crown Lands Regulations (NT) — Northern Territory v Collins, 1

POLICE — rights, powers and duties — power to apprehend — duty to prevent self-harm — Stuart v Kirkland-Veenstra, 623

PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW — stay of proceedings — generally — appropriate forum — claims in tort — identification of lex causae — where

common law claim barred by lex loci delicti — utility of proceedings — Puttick v Tenon Ltd, 93


PROCEDURE — costs — jurisdiction — persons not parties to proceedings — litigation funding — contingency fee to funder in event

of success — no indemnity of plaintiff against adverse costs — impecunious plaintiff — whether abuse of process — notion of “unfairness” — Maintenance, Champerty and Barratry Abolition Act 1993 (NSW) — Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 2005 (NSW), r 42.3 — Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v SST Consulting Pty Ltd; Jeffery & Katauskas Pty Ltd v Rickard Constructions Pty Ltd (subject to a deed of company arrangement), 1180

courts and judges generally courts — proceedings in open court or in camera — liquor licensing court — provision requiring confidentiality

of police objector’s criminal intelligence — affidavit evidence unseen by licence applicant and counsel — provision for proceedings from which applicant and counsel excluded — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327

judges — duties — jury trials — supervision and control of proceedings — judge asleep during significant portions of trial — effect on jury’s attention to evidence — where substantial miscarriage of justice results — Cesan v The Queen; Mas Rivadavia v The Queen, 43

inferior courts — New South Wales — District Court — appeal and new trial — appeal to Supreme Court — right of appeal — District Court Act 1973 (NSW), s 127(1) —Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680

judgments and orders amending, varying and setting aside — effect of entering or recording judgment or order — courts of superior

record — error in reasoning — residual power to correct — Criminal Appeal Act 1912 (NSW) — Criminal Appeal Rules 1952 (NSW), r 50C(3), 1221

what is a judgment or order — New South Wales — defamation proceedings before judge and jury — entry of “verdict” for defendant by judge — whether appellable to Court of Appeal — District Court Act 1973 (NSW), s 127(1) — Keramianakis v Regional Publishers Pty Ltd, 680

pleadings — civil proceedings — interlocutory proceedings — late amendment necessitating adjournment of trial — case management — costs — Court Procedure Rules 2006 (ACT), rr 21, 501, 501(1)(a), 501(1)(c), 502 — Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd v Australian National University, 951

R REAL PROPERTY — compulsory acquisition of land constraints on local council’s powers where land acquired “for the purpose of re-sale” — land adjoining or in

vicinity of other land acquired at same time for purpose other than re-sale — acquisition of land adjoining streets already vested in council — compulsory acquisition of streets — source of power to acquire streets — Land Acquisition (Just Terms Compensation) Act 1991 (NSW), s 7B —Local Government Act 1993 (NSW), s 188(2)(a) — R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557

local council’s power to acquire land “for the purpose of exercising any of its functions” — power limited if land acquired “for the purpose of re-sale” — meaning of “purpose of re-sale” — acquisition for purpose of major development involving disposition of some land for money’s worth — Local Government Act 1993 (NSW), ss 186(1), 188(1) — R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557

S SENTENCE — sentencing orders — non-parole period or minimum term — prisoners transferred interstate — life sentence —

application to increase non-parole period — not sentence “review” by transferor “State” — “prisoner” — “translated sentence” — Sentencing (Crime of Murder) and Parole Reform Act 2003 (NT), Pt 5 Div 1, ss 18(a), 19, 19(3), 19(7), 19(9) — Prisoners (Interstate Transfer ) Act (NT), ss 23(1), 23(1)(a) — Interpretation Act (NT), s 38(1)(b) — Prisoners (Interstate Transfer) Act 1982 (SA), ss 5(1), 27(1)(a), 28(1), 28(2), 28(7) — Bakewell v The Queen, 894


SOCIAL WELFARE — health insurance — Medicare benefits — Professional Services Review — Health Insurance Act 1973 (Cth), ss 10,

20, 20A, Pt VAA —Wong v Commonwealth; Selim v Lele, 271 STAMP DUTIES — what transactions or instruments are liable — conveyance or transfer on sale — Northern Territory — transfer of

shares — land rich corporation — extended definition of “land” — mining leases — whether options to renew part of dutiable component — effect on proportionate value — Taxation (Administration) Act (NT), Pt III Div 8A, ss 4(1), 56N, 56R — Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory Revenue, 1152

STATUTES — see also INTERPRETATION Acts of Parliament interpretation consideration of extrinsic matters — extrinsic evidence of parliamentary intention favouring draconian

interpretation — principle of legality favouring conservative interpretation — preservation of constitutionality favouring conservative interpretation — K-Generation Pty Ltd v Liquor Licensing Court, 327

rules of construction — where meaning ambiguous or uncertain — presumptions as to legislative intention — not to alienate vested proprietary interests — compulsory acquisition of land by local government — R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council; Mac’s Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council, 557

validity of legislation — Commonwealth economic stimulus package — tax bonus — sources of power to enact — Constitution, ss 51(i),

51(ii), 51(xxix), 51(xxxix), 61, 81, 83 — Taxation Administration Act 1953 (Cth), s 16 — Tax Bonus for Working Australians Act (No 2) 2009 (Cth) — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

requirement that Act be “subject to Constitution” — reading down to give effect — Acts Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth), s 15A — Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 765

interpretation — see also INTERPRETATION consideration of extrinsic matters — legislative history of Act — Constitution, s 51(xxiiiA) — Wong v

Commonwealth; Selim v Lele, 271 construction, particular classes of statute — fiscal statutes — general principles — Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v

Commissioner of Territory Revenue, 1152 fiscal statutes — exemptions and exceptions — Northern Territory — exceptions — definition of matter excepted

— displacement by contrary intention — leases — options to renew — land rich corporations — share transfers — contribution of option to dutiable value — Taxation (Administration) Act (NT), Pt III Div 8A, ss 4(1), 56N, 56R — Alcan (NT) Alumina Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Territory Revenue, 1152

SUPERANNUATION — public service funds — South Australia — State parliamentarians’ funds — contribution surcharge — statutory

indemnity for commutation liability — validity of Commonwealth laws — Clarke v Federal Commissioner of Taxation, 1044

T

TAXES AND DUTIES — see CUSTOMS AND EXCISE; INCOME TAX AND RELATED LEGISLATION;

STAMP DUTIES

TORTS — see DEFAMATION; NEGLIGENCE


TRADE AND COMMERCE — Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) and related legislation — consumer protection — misleading or deceptive conduct or

false representations application of provisions to prescribed information providers — exceptions to exemptions — publication by

media outlet pursuant to contract, arrangement or understanding with supplier of goods or services of that kind — “goods or services of that kind” — “contract, arrangement or understanding” — Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), ss 52, 65A, 65A(1)(a)(i), 65A(1)(a)(iii), 65A(1)(a)(v), 65A(1)(a)(vi), 65A(1)(a)(vi)(A) — Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Channel Seven Brisbane Pty Ltd, 691

character or attributes of conduct or representation — reliance, inducement and causation — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903

misleading or deceptive conduct generally — misleading or deceptive: what constitutes — share sale agreements —financial position of company — where statement founded on estimates — effect of pre-contractual representations — exercise of commercial judgment by sophisticated businessman — Fair Trading Act 1987 (NSW), s 42 — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903

particular cases — contracts generally — contractual documents — share sale agreements — statements supported by warranty — financial position of corporation — integers expressed as estimates — whether warranties breached by misrepresentation — Fair Trading Act 1987 (NSW), s 42 — Campbell v Backoffice Investments Pty Ltd, 903

TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES — the cestui que trust — discretionary trusts — containing bare power of appointment — rights of objects — due

consideration and administration — whether amounting to “property of parties to marriage or either of them” — Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), s 4(1), 79(1) — Kennon v Spry; Spry v Kennon, 145

constitution and classification of trusts generally — implied trusts — constructive trusts — particular cases — defaulting fiduciary — mortgagee exercising power of sale — accounting for surplus — to puisne mortgagee — where guarantor had prior interest — Bofinger v Kingsway Group Ltd, 1210

W

WORKERS’ COMPENSATION — alternative rights against employer and/or third parties and consequences thereof — rights of an against third parties

— rights of worker against third parties — recovery of compensation from worker or deduction of compensation from judgment for damages — prevention of double compensation — reduction in amount repayable by worker — “damages” recoverable reduced on account of worker’s contributory negligence — requirement for judicial finding of extent of contributory negligence — repayment “out of those damages” — reduction in recoverable amount “to the same extent” as reduction for contributory negligence — Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1965 (NSW), ss 9, 9(1)(b), 10(2) — Workers Compensation Act 1987 (NSW), ss 151Z, 151Z(1)(b) — Hickson v Goodman Fielder Ltd, 547

assessment and amount of compensation — amount of compensation during capacity — lump sum payments — permanent impairment and loss — Commonwealth — multiple injuries — determination of degree of permanent impairment — interpretation of “impairment” — damage to part of body — whole person impairment — relevance of pre-existing capacities — Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1988 (Cth), ss 4(1), 24(1), 24(5) — Fellowes v Military Rehabilitation and Compensation Commission, 1113

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