journey to the centre of the earth - gfd-dennou.org · christensen, fluid dynamics of earth and...
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.1
Journey to the centre of the Earth
Ulrich R. Christensen
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.2
Dante Alighiri,Divina Comedia14th century
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.3
Athanasius Kircher, 17th century
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.4
Jules Verne:Journey to thecentre of theEarth, 19th century
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.5
Continental deep drill hole,Germany 9042 m
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.6
Entrance to the oldseismological obser-vatory in Göttingen,Germany(E. Wiechert, 1903)
Message from far awaybrings the shaking rock:read the signs !
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.7
Registration of the San Francisco, 1906, Earthquake taken in Göttingen
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.8
mantleouter inner
core
focus
shadow zone
Seismic wave propagation through the Earth
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.9
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.10
Formation of magnetic lineations at mid-oceanic ridges
Basaltic crust
Partial (≈10%) melting of mantle rock
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.11
Comparison of relative movement in mm/yr obtained by GPS measurements and (in parantheses) from geophysical information
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.12
5 cm
Mantle xenolith: 60 – 70% Olivine (Mg(1-x)Fex)2SiO4 x ≈ 0.11
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.13
Two end-member models of convection in the Earth‘s mantle
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.14
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.15
Anomaly of P-wave velocity
Cross-section through tomographic image of the mantle: Japan, Korea, Northern China:Subducted Pacific plate stagnates in transition zone ?
Earthquakes
α→β transition
γ→pv+mv transition
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.16
Anomaly of P-wave velocity
Cross-section through tomographic image of the mantle: Middle America and Carribean:Subducted Pacific penetrates into lower mantle
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.17
Anomaly of P-wave velocity
Cross-section through tomographic image of the mantle: Tonga-Fidschi:Subducted Pacific plate is retarded, but eventually penetrates
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Christensen, Fluid dynamics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, Kyoto, November 2006 1.18
5 cm/a 2 cm/a
660 km
2D numerical model of slab subduction through a phase boundary