Report EUR 25265 EN

J R C S C I E N T I F I C A N D P O L I C Y R E P O R T S

EuropeanCommission

European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies

Contact information Address: Edificio Expo. c/ Inca Garcilaso, 3. E-41092 Seville (Spain) E-mail: jrc-ipts-secretariat@ec.europa.eu Tel.: + 34 9 54488318 Fax: +34 954488300

http:/ /ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ http:/ /www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

This publication is a Reference Report by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.

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JRC69363

EUR 25265 EN

ISBN 978-92-79-23550-4

ISSN 1831-9424

doi: 10.2791/77797

Luxembourg: Publications Office ofthe European Union, 2012 Rome: Food an Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

European Union, 2012 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

Printed in Spain

International workshop on socio-economic impacts of genetically modified crops co-organised by JRC-IPTS and FAO

Workshop proceedings

Maria Lusser, Terri Raney2, Pascal Tillie, Koen Dillen and Emilio Rodriguez Cerezo

1 European Commission, Joint Research Centre

(JRC), Institute for Prospective Technological

Studies (IPTS)

2 Food and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations (FAO)

2012

EUR 25265 EN

Published byPublications Office of the European Unionand the Food and Agriculture Organization

of the United Nations

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank

For helping with organisation and chairing of the workshop, drafting and editing of the proceedings

Thomas Bregeon

Directorate General Health and Consumers, European Commission

For proof reading of the proceedings

Anna Atkinson

Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, European Commission

For helping with organisation of the workshop

Ana Molina

Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, European Commission

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ropsTable of Contents

Acknowledgments 2

Executive Summary 7

1 Introduction 15

2 This Report 17

3 Background Information 193.1 Commission report on the socio-economic implications of the cultivation of GMOs, 2011 19

3.2 AmoreflexibleapproachforGMOcultivationundertheexistingGMOlegislationinthe EU 20

3.3 Commission conference on the socio-economic impacts of the cultivation of GMOs (Brussels,October2011) 20

3.4 Research at JRC-IPTS in the field of socio-economic impacts of the cultivation ofGMOs in the EU 21

3.5 FAOresearchinthefieldofsocio-economicimpactsofthecultivationofGMOsindevelopingcountries 21

4 The Workshop 234.1 Session1:AdoptionofGMcropvarietiesandsocio-economicimpactsonfarmers 23

4.2 Session2:AggregatedandglobalimpactsofGMtechnologyinagriculture. 27

4.3 Session3:Economicsofsegregation/coexistenceofsupplychain. 30

4.4 Session4:SocioeconomicimpactsofGMcrops:examplesofuseindecision-making. 33

4.5 Session 5: Economic compensation, liability issues and institutional frameworkinfluencingadoptionofGMcrops 36

4.6 Session6:Researchonconsumersattitudesanddirect/indirectimpactsofGMcropsonconsumersincludinghealth 39

4.7 Session 7: Looking forward: New GM crops in the pipeline and their possibleeconomicandsocialimpacts 41

Annex 1: List of Participants 45

Annex 2: Agenda 47

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Annex 3: Papers 51GlobalstatusofGMcropadoptionandreviewofimpactsondevelopingworldsfarmersMATINQAIM 51

AdoptionandimpactsatfarmlevelintheUSA-WALLACEE.HUFFMAN 55

ThecaseofBtmaizeintheEU-EMILIORODRGUEZ-CEREZO 59

ChallengesinMeasuringtheeconomicimpactsofbiotechcropsindevelopingagricultureMELINDASMALE 61

Welfarecreationanddistribution-CARLE.PRAY 65

ImpactsofbiotechnologyonglobalproductivityandworldfoodpricesDAVIDZILBERMAN 69

CasestudiesofsupplychainanalysisandsegregationintheEUKLAUSMENRAD 71

CoexistenceofGMandnon-GMsupplychainsintheEU:policyframeworkandeconomicaspects-JUSTUSWESSELER 75

EU coexistence policies may shape future adoption of GM technology by EU farmersLAURARIESGO 81

TheGlobalAgriculturalSupplyChain:Feasibility,CostsandOpportunitiesforCoexistenceNICHOLASKALAITZANDONAKES 85

Socio-economicconsiderationsofGMcropsinthecontextoftheCartagenaProtocolonBiosafety-CBD-JOSFALCK-ZEPEDA 91

Socioeconomic assessment: a requirement for authorisation for cultivation of GM crops in ArgentinaCARMENVICIEN 95

Liability,Compensation,RedressinCaseofAdmixture:LegalIssuesBERNHARDA.KOCH 99

Innovation and liability in biotechnology: transnational and comparative perspectivesSTUARTSMYTH 101

Institutional/politicalfactorsthatinfluenceadoptionandprofitabilityofGMcropsinSouthAfricaMARNUSGOUSE 107

ReviewingSciencebehindConsumerAttitudes,Willingness-to-PayMATTYDEMONT 111

HumanHealth Implications ofGMOs:A Focus onBtMaize andMycotoxinReductionFELICIAWU 115

DoEuropeanconsumersbuyGMfoods?-VIVIANMOSES 119

GlobalpipelineofGMcropsby2015:implicationsforsocio-economicassessmentEMILIORODRGUEZ-CEREZO 123

WestercornrootworminEurope:whereuncertaintymeetsheterogenityKOENDILLEN 125

ThefutureofGMriceandthepossiblesocialandeconomicimpactGERALDBARRY 129

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Bt Bacillusthuringiensis

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CPB Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety

Cry Crystal

CRW Corn Rootworm

DALY Disability Adjusted Life Years

DG SANCO Directorate General for Health and Consumers

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

EC European Commission

EFSA European Food Safety Authority

EP European Parliament

EU European Union

EUR Euro

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GM Genetically Modified

GMO Genetically Modified Organism

HCB High Council of Biotechnology

HT Herbicide Tolerance

IPTS Institute for Prospective Technological Studies

IR Insect Resistance

JRC Joint Research Centre

MS Member State

RNA Ribonucleic Acid

SEA Socio-Economic Assessment

UK United Kingdom

UN United Nations

USA United States of America

WTP Willingness To Pay

Abbreviations

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Background

The EU GMO (genetically modified organisms) legislation provides for monitoring (expost assessment)

and reporting on the socio-economic implications of the deliberate release and placing on the market

of GMOs.

At the request of the Environment Council in December 2008, the Commission gathered available

data from the Member States on the socio-economic implications of the cultivation of GMOs

and published a report in 2011. In view of the quantitative and qualitative heterogeneity of the

information provided, the Commission recommended in the report that, in order to gain a better

understanding of these impacts in the specific EU context, a methodological framework should

be built up to define the precise socio-economic indicators to be monitored and to establish

appropriate rules for data collection.

The Workshop

The Institute for Prospective Technological Research (IPTS) of the Commissions Joint Research

Centre (JRC) was requested to review for policy makers the main findings of scientists who are active

worldwide in the field of socio-e