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Judaism SG 2

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Page 1: Judaism( · 4 • B.(History(of(Judaism(– 1.(AncientTimes((~2000(BCE(=(500(AD)(• a.(Abraham(• b.(Moses(=(The(Exodus(&(the(Ten(Commandments

Judaism  

SG  2  

Page 2: Judaism( · 4 • B.(History(of(Judaism(– 1.(AncientTimes((~2000(BCE(=(500(AD)(• a.(Abraham(• b.(Moses(=(The(Exodus(&(the(Ten(Commandments

I.  Introduc3on  to  Judaism  •  A.  Terms  &  Concepts  – 1.  Monotheism  -­‐  one  deity  – 2.  Covenant  -­‐  God’s  promise  to  Abraham  &  descendants  (symbolized  by  rite  of  circumcision)  

– 3.  God  -­‐  YHWH,  El  (god),  Elohim  (god),  El  Shaddai  (god  almighty),  Adonai  (master),  Elyon  (highest),  &  Avinu  (our  father);  also  Jehovah  or  Yahweh  (based  on  the  4  lePers)  

– 4.  Israel  -­‐  Jerusalem  is  the  center  of  Jewish  spirituality    

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Symbolism

Tetragrammaton of YHWH

Phoenician Aramaic Hebrew

Judaica Shabbat candlesticks, handwashing cup, Torah pointer

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•  B.  History  of  Judaism  – 1.  Ancient  Times  (~2000  BCE  -­‐  500  AD)  •  a.  Abraham  •  b.  Moses  -­‐  The  Exodus  &  the  Ten  Commandments  •  c.  Babylonian  Exile  -­‐  many  stories  in  the  5  books  match  Babylonian  “folk  tradi3ons”    

•  d.  Roman  Conquest  &  Diaspora  

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Moses

Moses Smashing the Tablets of Law by Rembrandt

Moses by José de Ribera

Russian Orthodox Icon

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•  B.  History  of  Judaism  – 2.  The  Middle  Ages  (~500  AD  -­‐  1650  AD)  

•  a.  Jews  held  responsible  for  the  death  of  Jesus;  persecuted  throughout  Europe  &  Russia  •  b.  Forms  of  “an3-­‐semi3sm”    

–  (1)  denied  guild  memberships  –  (2)  prohibited  from  owning  land  –  (3)  separated  in  ci3es  (ghePo)  –  (4)  expulsion  from  Spain  in  1492  

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•  B.  History  of  Judaism  –  3.  Modern  Times  (~1650  AD  -­‐  present)  

•  a.  Emancipa3on  •  b.  Denomina3ons  

–  (1)  Orthodox  -­‐  Torah  divinely  inspired;  unbroken  chain  –  (2)  Conserva3ve  -­‐  Torah  divinely  inspired;  ques3on  unbroken  chain  

–  (3)  Reform  -­‐  no  divine  inspira3on;  historical  quest  for  holiness  

•  c.  The  Holocaust  -­‐  genocide  of  ~  6,000,000  Jews  during  WWII  by  Nazi  Germany  

•  d.  Zionism  -­‐  movement  to  create  Jewish  homeland  •  e.  Israel  -­‐  Created  in  May  15,  1948  out  of  Bri3sh  Pales3ne  through  UN.  Invaded  next  day  be  neighboring  countries  

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•  C.  Beliefs  &  Values  – 1.  Sacred  Literature  

•  a.  The  Torah  -­‐  the  first  five  books  -­‐  Genesis,  Exodus,  Levi3cus,  Numbers,  &  Deuteronomy  •  b.  The  Talmud  -­‐  interpreta3on  of  the  Torah  &  oral  tradi3on  in  wri3ng  •  c.  The  Nevi’im  &  Ketuvim  -­‐  books  of  history,  prophecy,  poetry  &  other  sacred  wri3ngs  AKA:  –  (1)  The  Nevi’im  (Major  Prophets)  -­‐  Joshua,  Judges,  Samuel  (I-­‐III),  Kings  (I-­‐II),  Isaiah,  &  Jeremiah;  (Minor  Prophets)  Hosea,  Joel,  Amos,  Obadiah,  Jonah,  Micah,  Nahum,  Habakkuk,  Zephaniah,  Haggai,  Zechariah,  &  Malachi  

–  (2)  The  Ketuvim  -­‐  (Poetry)  Psalms,  Proverbs,  Song  of  Solomon  &  Job;  (Smaller  Books)  Song  of  Songs,  Ruth,  Lamenta3ons,  Ecclesiastes,  Esther;  (Historical  Texts)  Daniel,  Ezra/Nehemiah,  Chronicles  

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•  C.  Beliefs  &  Values  – 2.  The  Home  -­‐  equality  with  synagogue  – 3.  The  synagogue  -­‐  the  building  &  community  •  a.  Origins  -­‐  seen  as  temporary  replacement  for  the  Jewish  Temple  (destroyed  by  Romans)  

•  b.  Worship  -­‐  mandatory  thrice  day  devo3onal  services  –  (1)  Shacharit  (morning);  Mincha  (akernoon);  Maariv  (evening)  

•  c.  Architectural  Features  -­‐  some  have  incorporated  “church-­‐like”  features,  some  are  gender  integrated,  some  are  not.  

– 4.  The  rabbi  -­‐  spiritual  leader,  teacher,  elder;  heirs  to  the  scribes  of  the  2nd  temple  (orthodox  belief)  

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•  C.  Beliefs  &  Values  – 5.  Holy  Days  -­‐  The  Jewish  Calendar  -­‐  goes  back  more  than  5000  years.  •  a.  The  ______________________________  (Shabbat)  -­‐  25  hr  beginning  sundown  on  Friday  and  ending  nighmall  on  Saturday  –  (1)  ligh3ng  of  candles  and  fes3ve  family  meal  –  (2)  day  of  rest;  all  labor  is  prohibited  

•  b.  Rosh  Hashanah  -­‐  Jewish  New  Year  •  c.  Yom  Kippur  -­‐  Day  of  Atonement  (fas3ng)  •  d.  Hanukkah  -­‐  8  day  winter  sols3ce  holiday  that  celebrates  victory  of  Maccabees  over  Seleucid  Greek  rulers  •  e.  Passover  (Pesach)  -­‐  7  day  spring  fes3val  commemora3ng  the  Exodus  

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•  C.  Beliefs  &  Values  – 6.  Rituals  

•  a.  Circumcision  (age  of  8  days)  -­‐  rite  of  entry  into  Jewish  community;  believe  the  soul  of  the  uncircumcised  will  perish  with  the  body  –  (1)  God  commanded  Abraham  to  do  this;  part  of  divine  covenant  

•  b.  Bar  mitzvah/Bat  mitzvah  -­‐  coming  of  age  –  (1)  “Bar”  means  “son”  in  Aramaic  –  (2)  “Bat”  means  “daughter”  in  Aramaic  

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