july 16, 2011 1. july 16, 2011 2

July 16, 2011 http://hodf.org 1


Romans 14: Part IIIMark 7:19 (Part II review)What is the Weight of Evidence?Mark 7 & Matthew 15 together10 points lead to the Truth in 7:19Isaiah 29:13 in Mark, MatthewRomans 14: Part IV - Spelling it Out


What is the Weight of Evidence?

The Weight of Evidence is a legal term used to gauge the sufficiency of proof that is presented in a legal dispute.


Matthew 15 & Mark 7Historical – Grammatical approachReference material for the period: SBL Dissertation Series # 143, The

Impurity Systems of Qumran and the Rabbis Hannah K. Harrington

Judaism: Practice and Belief, 63 BCE - 66 CE E. P. Sanders

Judaism and the Origins of Christianity David Flusser


Matthew 15 & Mark 7 Background

Where does the background issue of first century purity halakah come from?

Leviticus 22:2-3v2 Speak unto Aaron and to his sons,

that they separate themselves from the holy things of the children of Israel, and that they profane not my holy name in those things which they hallow unto me: I am Yahweh.



Leviticus 22:2-3v3 Say unto them, Whosoever he be of

all your seed among your generations, that goeth unto the holy things, which the children of Israel hallow unto Yahweh, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from My presence: I am Yahweh.



The Torah prescribes that priests must eat the food of the sacrifices and offerings brought by the people in a state of purity.

This was extended (1) to all the people and (2) even for regular food at a regular meal.


Matthew 15 & Mark 7Pay close attention to English words

that are translated by different Greek words. That is the grammatical hint that brings understanding.


Matthew 15 & Mark 7#-# Matthew first, then MarkX-# Matthew does not have

corresponding text to Mark #-X Matthew has a reading not found

in MarkFollow Marks text for the most part$. The questions and/or thoughts to

consider in current verse(s)


Matthew 15 & Mark 71-1 Then came together unto him

[Yeshua] the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which came from Jerusalem.

$. Who, where, what


Matthew 15 & Mark 7X-2 And when they saw some of his

disciples eat bread with defiled [koinai/j], that is to say, with unwashed [avni,ptoij] hands, they found fault.

$. Who appears to have washed and not washed? Also, type of washing action


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. Marken commentary on purity – for who?X-3 For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except

they wash [ni,ywntai] their hands often, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.

X-4 And when they come from the market, except they wash [bapti,swntai], they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.


Matthew 15 & Mark 72-5 Then the Pharisees and scribes

asked him, ‘Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashen [koinai/j] hands’?

$. Is Yeshua a slacker?


Matthew 15 & Mark 73-X But he answered and said unto

them, Why do you transgress the commandment of God by your tradition?

$. Yeshua flips accountability questionNote: Yeshua knew they were rich and

wanted a way to not have to spend their wealth on their parents.


Matthew 15 & Mark 7Why were bodily purity laws given?They were daily reminders of the

necessity to have a pure heart.$. [6-13] Yeshua turns the discussion

to the issue of soul purity, the weightier matter they were overlooking (on purpose).


Matthew 15 & Mark 7The Pharisees behavior was

hypocritical because they were definitely concerned about bodily purity (as though it was the end all) but their actions testified to a disconnect between a bodily action “teaching” a higher truth, that is, soul purity.


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. Yeshua quotes Isaiah 29:13 (more

later)7,8,9-6,7 He answered and said unto

them, Well hath Isaiah prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, ‘This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.’

Howbeit in vain do they worship [se,bontai,] me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men .


Matthew 15 & Mark 7X-8,9 ‘For laying aside the

commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing [bapti,smoj] of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do.’

And he said unto them, ‘Full well you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your own tradition’.

$. Marken commentary (8) for who?


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. 1. Yeshua’s teaching ability called into

question2. Yeshua flips accountability question3. Scathing condemnation from Isaiah4. Follows with details of exactly why he

is saying what he is saying4-10 “For Moses said, ‘Honour thy father

and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death’.”


Matthew 15 & Mark 75-11 “But you say, ‘If a man shall say

to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free.’”

$. Yeshua continues detailed explanation


Matthew 15 & Mark 7X-12 “And you no longer let him do

anything for his father or mother.6-13 Making the word of God of none

effect through your tradition, which you have delivered: and many such like things you do.”

$. Yeshua concludes detailed explanation


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. 10-14 And when he had called all the

people unto him, he said unto them, Hearken unto me every one of you, and understand:

$. It appears that possibly the crowd has misunderstood his rebuke of the Pharisees and wondered if he was dismissing the whole matter of ritual purity.

Yeshua will now explain to the people clearly with an analogy from Torah what he means for them to understand.


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. Yeshua drops the bomb – but still not

clear enough for his disciples (see v17)Notice the double meaning11-15 There is nothing outside a man,

that going into him can [ellipsis] defile [koinw/sai] him: but the things which come out of him, those are the things that [ellipsis] defile [koinou/nta] the man. Deut. 23:12-14


Matthew 15 & Mark 7X-16 If any man have ears to hear, let

him hear. $. Not in Matthew and late in Greek


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. God is Love Politically Correct

translation12-X Then came his disciples, and said

unto him, “Did you know that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard this saying”?


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. God is Love Politically Correct

translation13-X Yeshua said, “I am so sorry.

Maybe I need a time out.”


Matthew 15 & Mark 713-X But he answered and said,

“Every plant, which my Heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up.

$. ‘Rooted up’ implies a previous planting but by who?


Matthew 15 & Mark 714-X Leave them alone: they are blind

leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.”

$. What are they ‘blind’ to?


Matthew 15 & Mark 715-17 And when he had entered into

the house from the people, Peter, representing the disciples, asked him to explain the parable.

$. Discouraging moment for the Great Teacher, his disciples still under the spell of the Pharisaic theological perspective


Matthew 15 & Mark 716-18a And he said unto them, “Are

you still not getting it?”$. Yeshua uses a strong word

[avsu,netoi]


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. Yeshua will now change subject

right in the middle of his teaching and discuss clean and unclean as it regards that which you can legally eat and that which is forbidden.

Switching BiblesP.C. The Law Has Been Done Away

With translation


P.C. The Law Has Been Done Away With translation

Don’t you realize that no matter what you eat, it cannot defile you. Why?

Because whatever enters the mouth does not go into the heart but into the stomach, from there it proceeds out into the sewer. Therefore, even though I just chewed out the Pharisees for laying aside the commandment of God, I’m now going to do exactly the same thing, in that I now declare you can eat anything for nothing is unclean anymore.


Matthew 15 & Mark 7$. Yeshua, for the second time, will

explain again, using even more clear language, the concept of “nothing that you eat can defile you but what comes out can”.

17-18b,19a Don’t you realize that no matter what you eat, it cannot [ morally | ceremonially ] defile you;


Matthew 15 & Mark 717b-19 Why? Because whatever food

enters the mouth does not go into the heart but into the stomach, from there it proceeds out into the toilet [sewer], purging all food.

18-20 But those things which proceed out of the mouth, that is, words spoken, come forth from the heart; and they can [ morally ] defile the man.

$. Yeshua finally clears up the confusion between food going in and words coming out


Matthew 15 & Mark 719a-21 For from within, out of the

heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,

19b-22 Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness

$. Yeshua gives a list of what can come out of the heart of man


Matthew 15 & Mark 720-23 These are the things which

[ morally ] defile a man: but to eat with unwashed hands does not defile a man.

$. Yeshua sums up the entire argument that eating without going through the ceremonial ritual of hand washing will not defile a man in any way, shape, or form. On the other hand, setting aside the commandments of God….


10 points lead to the Truth in 7:19

1. Gender and number do not have to agree.

2. Yeshua just chewed out the Pharisees

3. Context not about food4. Acts 21:20 - Tens of thousands5. Acts 21:24 Paul right in there6. Millennial Kingdom - it’s coming!



6. Millennial Kingdom - it’s coming!Ezekiel 44:23 And they shall teach

my people the difference between the holy and profane, and cause them to discern between the unclean and the clean.



7. Yeshua under the law – Deut 4:2, Matthew 5:19

8. Parallel in Matthew 15: No Problem

9. No historical debate in the 1st century

10. Mark assembled under Peter’s direction. If Peter knew “all meats clean”, explain Acts 10?


The Verdict is in…Reasonable Doubt

After examining the previous 10 points in detail, the Weight of Evidence clearly rejects the translation “in saying this, he made all meats clean”.


Back to Isaiah 29:13Quote in both Matthew and Mark

not from OT Hebrew but from Greek LXX.

1. This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth (YNYY)

2. Honoureth me with their lips3. But their heart is far from me


Back to Isaiah 29:134. Hebrew - Their fear toward me is

taught by the precept of men: 4. ISR – Their fear of Me has become

a command of men that is taught!


Back to Isaiah 29:134. Hebrew - Their fear toward me is

taught by the precept of men: 4. ISR – Their fear of Me has become

a command of men that is taught!4. OT Greek - in vain do they

worship me, teaching the commandments and doctrines of men.

4. NT Greek- in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.


Rabbinic Judaism says…We have the Original HebrewIt’s known as the Masoretic TextIs their claim true?What does Maimonides say?


Rabbinic Judaism says…Maimonides 13 Principles8. “I believe with complete faith

that the entire Torah which is now in our possession is the same as that which was given to Moshe the Rabbi, may he rest in peace.”


Rabbinic Judaism says…Implications…1. If it is, then the New Testament

is SERIOUSLY FLAWED and cannot be used!

2. Yeshua is not the Messiah3. The Rabbis are still in chargeAs they say… “The game is afoot!”


KJV 16111. The OLD TESTAMENT comes

from the Masoretic text2. In the 1769 edition, over 24,000

changes were made from the 1611


Institute of Scriptural Research

Page 1239: The TextTHE TANAK (Pre-Messianic

Scriptures, commonly called The Old Testament)

The Tanak in this translation is based on the Massoretic Hebrew and Aramaic text of the Scriptures, printed in the 1937 edition of Rudolph Kittel's Biblia Hebraica.


Complete Jewish Bible – Dr. Stern

OT is a revision of the 1917 Jewish Publication Society of America Version Tanakh

Also known as…The Holy Scriptures According to

the Masoretic Text


What is a “qere” and a “ketiv”?

A “qere” (pronounced ‘keh-ray’) is a marginal note by a scribe.

A “ketiv” (pronounced ‘keh-teev’) is the actual text the note is associated with.

In many places in our OT text, the translation that appears uses the ‘qere’ and ignores the ‘ketiv’.


[Page 2] The biblical text has been transmitted in many ancient and medieval sources which are known to us from modern editions in different

languages.


[Page 2] We now have manuscripts (MSS) in Hebrew and other languages from the Middle Ages and ancient times as well as fragments of leather and papyrus scrolls

two thousand years old or more.


[Page 2] These sources shed light on and witness to the biblical text, hence their name: “textual

witnesses.” All of these textual witnesses differ from each other to a greater or lesser extent.


[Page 2] Since no textual source contains what could be called “the” biblical text, a serious

involvement in biblical studies clearly necessitates the study of all sources, including the differences

between them.


[Page 3] One would not have expected differences between the printed editions of the Hebrew Bible, for if a fully unified textual tradition would have been possible at any one given period, it would

certainly seem to be so after the invention of printing.


[Page 3] Such is not the case…Some editions even differ from each other in their subsequent printings without even informing the

readers.


[Page 11 Heading] 3. In Many Details, M Does Not Reflect the

“Original Text” of the Biblical Books


[Page 11] It has become clear from the preceding paragraphs that one of the postulates of biblical research is that the text preserved in the various representatives of what is commonly called the

Masoretic Text, does not reflect the “original text” of the biblical books in many details.


[Page 11] Even were we to surmise that M reflects the “original” form of the Bible, we would still

have to decide which Masoretic Text reflects this “original text” since the Masoretic Text is not a uniform textual unit, but is itself represented by

many witnesses.


[Page 19] The Masoretic Text (M), sometimes called the “received text”, is strictly speaking a

medieval representative of a group of ancient texts of the Bible which already at an early stage was accepted as the sole text by a central stream in

Judaism.


[Page 19] Because of its place in Judaism as the central text of the Hebrew bible, M also became the determinative text for the Hebrew bible of

Christianity and of the scholarly world.


[Page 19] All printed editions of the Bible contain M.


[Page 19] Nevertheless, M reflects merely one textual tradition out of many that existed in the

period of the First and Second Temple.


[Page 24] …the preference of M by a central stream in Judaism does not necessarily imply that

it contains the best text of the Bible.


[Page 24] Both the Hebrew parent text of G and certain of the Qumran texts (Q) reflect excellent

texts, often better than that of M.


ImplicationsFrom the man himself!


Implications for the Septuagint

The Septuagint has been recognized from 1850 onward as a major tool for the study of the Hebrew Bible.

Scholars have tried to reconstruct the Hebrew parent text of the Septuagint, what we call the ‘volage’.



Now, for the first time, we found in Qumran some Hebrew fragments that are very close to – almost identical with – the Septuagint text in Greek.

These are fragments that have now endorsed the correctness of the reconstructions from the Septuagint.



We now know that we are entitled to reconstruct that Greek text into Hebrew. The whole process of translating the Greek back into Hebrew has been validated.


Implications for Hebrew Roots

Think of the LXX as Yahweh’s divine action in preserving the Apostolic Hebrew Scriptures

When you see an OT quote that doesn’t work, then check out the LXX.

When you see an LXX reference, think A-Train Hebrew used by the Apostles.


Other Translations in the Synagogue

Aramaic Tragums (Targumim)In the synagogue, the Targum was

provided along with the Hebrew scripture reading. By means of it, interpretations of scripture could be expounded.


What would help us study Torah?

Torah in EnglishGreek Torah translated into EnglishAramaic Targums (2) translated

into EnglishAll in one 4 column parallel view

arranged via the yearly Torah portion


Some Examples of MT LXX NT

Isaiah 61:1 [Luke 4:18]Deut. 32:8 [Sons of Elohim]Deut. 32:43 [Hebrews 1:6],,Psalms 22:16 [MT incorrect]Psalms 40:6 [Hebrews 10:5]Psalm 145:13 [Acrostic but LXX

(v13)]Isaiah 53:11 [He shall see light]Amos 9:12 [Acts 15:17]


Tov accepts (p. 200) that most deliberate changesmost deliberate changes

were created prior to 200 A.D.

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Documents

mark x

matthew romans

x matthew

mark follow marks text

type of washing action

weight of evidence

issue of soul purity

state of purity