Jump StartList 5 things that are wrong with the way the US has developed between

1877 & 1898.

The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era

America America ‘Puts Right’ ‘Puts Right’ what it sees as wrong.what it sees as wrong.

The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era

A period of time in America from about the A period of time in America from about the

1890s through 1918, when both reformers and 1890s through 1918, when both reformers and

government looked to restore more control to government looked to restore more control to

the people, with economic reform and the people, with economic reform and

correcting injustice.correcting injustice.

The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era

It lasted through the administrations of It lasted through the administrations of

three US presidents, Theodore Roosevelt, three US presidents, Theodore Roosevelt,

William Howard Taft and Woodrow William Howard Taft and Woodrow

Wilson.Wilson.

Progressives’ GoalsProgressives’ Goals

Protecting Social Welfare Protecting Social Welfare

Promoting Moral ReformPromoting Moral Reform

Economic ReformEconomic Reform

Efficiency in BusinessEfficiency in Business

Reform in GovernmentReform in Government

Protecting SocietyProtecting Society

• Social Gospel & Settlement HouseSocial Gospel & Settlement House Movements took hold in cities and grew.Movements took hold in cities and grew.

• YMCA; Salvation Army made helping YMCA; Salvation Army made helping people a religious calling.people a religious calling.

• Florence Kelley – Goal - stop Child LaborFlorence Kelley – Goal - stop Child Labor

Protecting SocietyProtecting SocietySocial GospelSocial Gospel

TheThe belief that Christians, especially wealthy belief that Christians, especially wealthy ones have a responsibility to help improve ones have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty.working conditions and alleviate poverty.

Settlement HouseSettlement House

A community center providing assistance to A community center providing assistance to poor residents – especially immigrants poor residents – especially immigrants –– in a in a slum neighborhood.slum neighborhood.

Moral ReformMoral Reform• Middle class, educated women believed that moralityMiddle class, educated women believed that morality

would improve lives of the poor.would improve lives of the poor.

• Drinking in social clubs - BAD Drinking in social clubs - BAD (Important to immigrant men in making U.S. contacts, stay close to roots.)(Important to immigrant men in making U.S. contacts, stay close to roots.)

• Women’s Christian Temperance Movement and the Women’s Christian Temperance Movement and the Anti-Saloon League helped start Anti-Saloon League helped start Prohibition.Prohibition.

Frances Willard…Carrie NationFrances Willard…Carrie Nation

Economic ReformEconomic Reform• Some in Labor Movement begin to question Some in Labor Movement begin to question Capitalism and embrace Socialism - Eugene Debs.Capitalism and embrace Socialism - Eugene Debs.

• Pushed for fair treatment of labor by businessPushed for fair treatment of labor by business

• MUCKRACKERS - Journalists, Writers & Photogs.MUCKRACKERS - Journalists, Writers & Photogs. Very often political radicals and Socialists Very often political radicals and Socialists Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, Jacob RiisIda Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis

• 1900 - 1900 - American Socialist Party American Socialist Party - Eugene Debs runs for- Eugene Debs runs for president 4 times 1904 -1920.president 4 times 1904 -1920.

Business ReformBusiness Reform• All About efficiency to gain more profitAll About efficiency to gain more profit

• Frederick Winslow Taylor – Frederick Winslow Taylor – Scientific ManagementScientific Management“…“…manage human labor…compatible with manage human labor…compatible with

demands of the machine age.”demands of the machine age.” Actually increased management control over workersActually increased management control over workers

• Employed more research & labs to invent productsEmployed more research & labs to invent products

• Assembly line improvingAssembly line improving mass production mass production techniquestechniques

Government ReformGovernment Reform- - Progressive Mayors Progressive Mayors changed the way cities ran.changed the way cities ran.

- Corruption eliminated- Corruption eliminated- Taxes and transit fares lowered- Taxes and transit fares lowered- Gas and Utilities run by - Gas and Utilities run by governmentgovernment not private not private

companies, in 18 cities run by Socialistscompanies, in 18 cities run by Socialists

- - Reform GovernorsReform Governors - Robert LaFollette, WI - Robert LaFollette, WI - Equalized corporate taxes (Railroads)- Equalized corporate taxes (Railroads)- First state income tax- First state income tax- Used U of Wisconsin to research social issues to - Used U of Wisconsin to research social issues to “sell” his programs to the public. “sell” his programs to the public.

Election ReformElection ReformSecret BallotSecret Ballot – People vote free of threats – People vote free of threats

Initiative Initiative – People can propose laws by put – People can propose laws by put directly on the election ballots. directly on the election ballots.

Referendum – Voters not politicians approve or Referendum – Voters not politicians approve or reject any referendum proposed reject any referendum proposed

RecallRecall – Enabled voters to remove bad – Enabled voters to remove bad public servants from office public servants from office

1717thth Amendment – 1913 - Direct Election of Senators Amendment – 1913 - Direct Election of Senators

Progressive WomenProgressive WomenWomen secured jobs outside the home as business grew.Women secured jobs outside the home as business grew.

- Industry expandedIndustry expanded & women worked in factories & women worked in factories

- Consumerism advancedConsumerism advanced, women worked as typists, , women worked as typists, bookkeepers, salespeople, and store clerks.bookkeepers, salespeople, and store clerks.

- Education expandedEducation expanded & women became teachers & women became teachers

Many more found that the various reform movements needed Many more found that the various reform movements needed educated, dedicated leaders. educated, dedicated leaders.

Progressive WomenProgressive Women

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage National American Women’s Suffrage AssociationNational American Women’s Suffrage Association

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. AnthonyElizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton

Three Approaches to Women’s Vote…Three Approaches to Women’s Vote… 1.) Lobby State Legislatures1.) Lobby State Legislatures 2.) Brought test cases to Supreme Court2.) Brought test cases to Supreme Court 3.) Lobbied Senators to sponsor bills3.) Lobbied Senators to sponsor bills

All efforts failed for another 18 years.All efforts failed for another 18 years.