JUNE, 1911.

Soutb plac~ €tbical Soci~ty, South Place, Finsbury, E.C.

(,)bject of the Society.

"The Object of th e Sociely is the cultivation of a ralional religious sentime nt, the study of elhical principles, and the promotion of human welfare, in harmony with ad\'ancing knowledge."

MEMBERSHIP. Any person in sympathy with the Object of tide ociety, subscribing the Application

Form for i\Jembersh:Jl, nnd paying for a sitting, is thereby constituted a Member of tI". Society. Those Members only who nre twenty·one )'e rs of age n.nd upwnrds. whos llnlllP~ have Geen twelve months upon the r egister, and whos!\ sent rents for the previous quarter have been paid, shnll be qunlified to votc nud to hold office.-f:xtract from the Rul ...

ittings may be obtnilled upon npplicntion in the Library, or to }Ir. GEORag OA.'l'HERALL, South Place Ohapel, Hon. Registrnr of Members and Associates, prices varying from ls. to 10s. per quarter. 1'crsons under twenty· one are charged half the usual rotes.

1\SS(,)(~I1\TES.

Any person in sympnthy with the Object of the ocioty, but unnhle to Ilttcnd the servi ces r eglllarl y, may become nn Associntc, with the prh'i!ege of receiving the monthly list and such other pnbli cations os the Committee mu.y fronl tune to time determine, upon payment of nn annunl subscription the nmount of which is optional, the minimum. being five shillings. ubseript;ons may be pnid in the Library or sent to the Hon. Registrnr of Members and Auoointes at above address.

SUNDAY MORNING SERVICES. The following DISCOURSES will be delivered on Sunday mornings,

Service beginning at ELEVEN O 'CLOCK.

May 28. - JOHN A. HOBSON, M.A. - History as Science and Art.

Anthems

Hymns

{ I. ~y hearl is weary... ... . .. 2. 0 , hallowed memories of the past

{ No. ~6. All nro architccts of fate . No. 5 . rrho bud will ~oon become n. fl ower.

Goring TI"'mfl~ .lfcllc/cI.I'8l1h"

June 4.-HERBERT BURROWS- Republicanism in Politics and Religion.

Anthems

Hymns

{ 1. So tench us 1.0 11111nhr r ollrduvs '" 2. For that which bcflll1l't,h tho HOBS of men

{No. II . Now let grateflll praises rillg. No. 110. FOI'ward ! the day is breaklllg.

June n .-JOHN M. ROBERTSON, M.P.-The Bible in Public Life.

Anthems

Hymns

{ 1. I cannot plainly seo the way 2. Spring's medsng:c ... , ..

{No. t. All common thillgs-('ach clay's ovents. No. 87. '1'0 Light. that shines in . lars a lltl sou ls.

June 18.- JOSEPH McCABE- Plato's Plea for Immol·tality.

Anlhems

llymns

{ 1. O. be gracious ye immortals 2. E\'criastill" cbn.ngillg llC\'Cr

{No. 70. Morning hrcnkclh 011 thce. No. ,15. Shine,),'o st.u.rd of hcrwel1.

June 25.-JOHN A. HOBS ON, M.A.-Immortality.

AlIthoms

Hymns

{ 1. IIow lo\,ely is U10 wOl'ld JlI'O llllrl. .. 2. Beoedictlls ... .. . ... . ..

{No. 62. Pruno thou thy wor,ls. t.ho thollghts control. No. 61. Do 1I0t crouch to·duy. nnr! worship.

Mo;,,,.t Rrnhms

ll'agner Gcu/e

Mell<iels8olm Trolt8elle

.. Spoil" 1I1I71I71Icl

Visitors are invited to obtain information regarding the Society tn the Libra7'y on Sunday mornings.

A Collection is made at the close of each Service to enable visitors to cfJlttl'ibutc to the expenses 01 the Society.

Sunda y School. The Children meet !Lt Armfield'. Hotel, opposite the CUAPET-, evcr1 Sllndn~' Morning,

At 11, and their lesson is given during the disconrse. llcmbers and frIends wishing their children to nttend .chool aT' reque.ted to communiente with the ecretory.

l'he Ohildren's Library, iD: the elo.ss-room over the Vestry, is open cvcl'y Sundny Morn­ing before and after the srrvICe.

June 4.·-No Meetin g . June n .- Mr. W. Varian. June IS.-Mrs. Lister. June M. - Mrs. St. Auby n.

( Mi.s Gn.cF. OOWING. 110n. Librarian~ l Mi •• S. WATTR.

Visitor. bringing children to tho Sundny Morning .crvices nre cllrdinlJy im'ited la nllow them to attcnd tb. Children'. le.son.

CYCliRIR d"irill(I to at/clId the ,';rr";rrR arc informed tltnt the Committcc hare made ar ranocmentB lor housing their machine, in. tile b(II~('ment.

The Building is to b e l e t for Meetings. etc. Forms of Application may be had o f the Caretak er, 11 Sout h P lace, E.C.; and when filled up shou ld be sen t t o Mr. N. Lidstone, 9S Black stock R oad, Fin sbury Park , N.

The Cha pel i s licensed for Marriages. Arra ngements can be made for t h e conduct of Funer al Services on applica t ion

to the Secretary .

Lending L ibra ry. Th. I.ending Libmry is open free to Members 01 the oaiety nnel , enson Ticket Raiders

on Sunday mornings before and nfter the, rrvices. Associnte8 and 'on·Members of tho Society muy under r.ertain conditions be grnntrd the use of the Lihrnry upon pn:nncnt o( n. subsoription of 28. 6d. rer annum. 'rhe Cn.tnJog-ue. including n. supplement for 1D05·7, is now on sal!?, price 6d., lntt"lrlcOovcd copies, 9d. Borrowers mny prOCl1re copiC'-& of the nrw supplement gratia on appliention . Subscriptions tow",rds the purchnse nnd repnir of book. n.re invited.

11 n L'b . \ Miss M,nr R'WI.INGS, 406, Mnr~ trcet Raekney, N.E. o . JI rarlOn.) IV ALLIS MANsronD, Cherry Tree Court, -53, A Ider.gate Street, E.C.

Rambles . June 4.-Ramblcrs con join \ Le Whit suntide Holiday P arty for 0110 clny only. Book lo

Wcst Wyeombo (return fac'o, 3s. 4d.). Tmill IClLYo. }1nrylebollc fit 8.;'0 n.m. June 5, - Bank Holiday. lime ns nbO\·c. Train len.,-os Mn.rylelJono .:12 n..m. June lO.-High Barnet, Boreham Wood, and EIs tree. Conduct ... 1 hy lIIr. W. 'l'.

lVI XClty. Trai 11 1"'0111 BI'Of\d :street. to Ilig-h BlIl'llct 2.:!j p.m. j Fills1Jury Park, 2.113 p.m. Take rctu rn lickct. to lI igh Barnct.

June 17.-Eps om Workhouse. ~'rnin f .. om LOJ"lol1 B .. idgo (L.B . .\. S.C. Hn.ilwny) 2.3l p.m. lloturu fnrc, 2 •. 2cl.

June 22. - (Corona tion Day) Gerrar d 's Cross t o Jor d a n s, Bulstrode. and Redger­ley. COlllluctor, )Ir. N, Ln)!"'I'ONF. 'l'r<lin ICIl\-CS :\Inrylchul1(! 111.30 n.m. fur L:h·rr.lrd·s Cross. ltcturn 1'nro, :!!i.

June 23. - Gerrard's Cross to Chalfont Park a n d Ohalfont St. P et er . (I"clnel"cl by Mr. N. L111~'1'O:-";. Train IClwes ~Iaryh,'I)olIo ]O)~U a.m . for GCl'rnrd's CrOMl'I. Hplllrll iarc, :!s.

July l .-Epping Fore s t. Conilue!cil by ~[j.s (;llA('''' .,111 M,·. HOIIAn (10Wll'i(;, :lIret at I.h·cl'llOol !:ill'ect Station (Wc.l Bide) fol' ~_Il p.llI. (min 10 Theyclon Bol.. Day I'cLul'l1 ticket, 1 • . ItI.

Course Tickets fo r the onson (28. 6d. cnchl, enn be obtnined from tlte

H on. Scc • . J ~fiss HEL£N ~r. F~IRIIALL, 8. "nrborollA'h nood. ,troud Green, X. l E,.,'E"T S. KING, :<0, llnd'pole nand, Fulh.m, .W.

Whitsuntide eo~operative H o li d ay in the ehiltern H i lls . 1,'ridny, ,)n nr 2, or SntllrdnYJ .lunr- :1. to 'J'lIPs(lny, .J11nf' 6. 1\1f'll1h(>I'~ of the P:lI't,r

shou ld take W{'l'k cnd th"krofs (3a. 4d.) to \V('8t \V~·(,olHhr. '1'h,.. ITnins in \\'hirh IIC'Nlllllll.odn­Lko ll i8 l'l'Sl'rvoo It I1V'" Paddington at. 6.25 p.llI. on Fridny awl].:!.) p,rn. 011 tiut.llrtia,Y. ileac[· 'luur ters: 'rho Black Doy, WOBt Wycomhe, Buoks.

Sunday Popular eoncerts (ehamber Music). The TWENTY·vIXTR SE.\ ON will bcgin on nnday, October 1, whell thc 5 Dlh OOllOl'rL

will tn,ke )lhl~ . F urthe r particula r s, with "Cport of tho Twenty·Fifth Sctl.on, will be issued in

eptember . Mr. R ich nrd R . Wnithew's Th ree Lectu reB on T he Development of Chamber .Musio Rre

pnbli.hed nt t i,e pr ice of Sifpcnc" not, complete. 11on. TrraB.-FnurK ,\. HAWKINB, 13, 'I'hnrlow l'nrk Ronrl, Du lwieh, 1:i.E. Hon. Se C.- ALFRED J . CLEMENTS. 25. On.mdcn Hand, N. W.

3

erchestra.

Conductor: Richard H. Walthew.

'rilo FU"l'EEN'rn SE.\SON will begin in the Ilutumn. :I!'urtbcr pal'Licu!ars will <tu!y he gh·cl1.

Lndies and gentlemen wisbing to join tbe Orchestra nru requested to communicate with the HOIl Sec., A. J. CLEllF.NTB, 25, Cam den Road, N.W.

Tho GENEllAL COMlItT'TEE will meet OU Thursdul'. June J. Correspondence dealing with matters for considerntion should be forwarded to F. W. !tend ut the ."rliest possiblL' moment. A.ll mn ttcrs relating to finonee should be oddressed to the Treasurer.

Secretaries of sub·committees are notified thllt hnlldbills intended to be circulated with the Monthly J.ist should be dcth'cred to 'rhe Utopia Press, 44. Worship Street, E.O. It i. hoped thnt those secretnries who have nddresses of persons interested in their \vork (other than Members, Associlltcs. or enson Tioket Holders) will communioate them, with a view to sucb pe"o"s r eceiving the Monthly List rcgularly.-

NOTES AND COMMENTS.

THE Annual Meeting was held on Sunday, May 14, and adjourned to May 24. A full account will appear in the July Monthly List. The following seven members were elected to fi.ll up the vacancies on the General Committee: Mrs. Black­burn, E. F. Errington, H. B. Gowing, Miss Mary Rawlings, Miss Rees, Mrs. Scudamore, and B. Symons. Messrs. W. E. Champion and S. G. Fenton were rc-elected auditors.

THE CHILDREN'S SUNDAY. :\lAY 7, 19' 1.

Tlm Children's Sunday was again a great success, and alt.hough there was not perhaps that glamour which Maurice Maeterlinck's "Blue Bird)) cast over the same function last year, still the short addresses from Mrs. McCabe, Mr. F. J. Gould, and Mr. G. E. O'Dell were list.ened to by both old and young alike with intense interest.

Particularly during the addresses of Mr. O'Dell and Mr. Could it was not.iceable how closely the audience was following the service, when some naJ\'e reply of a child broke the silence by causing a general laugh. The children entered heartily into the catechising by t.hese two gentlemen, who showed by their met.hods the power t.hey both possess of reaching the heads and hearts of children.

The singing of the children was very sweet and refreshing t.o listen to. The plat.form was beautifully decorated with flowers, which gave a bright.ness to the whole service. Most of the children came provided with gifts of flowers, which were aft.erwards sent t.o the Children's Hospital. The only matter for regret was that there was not a larger number of t.he members of South Place present.

4

THE CONTACT OF HIGHER AND LOWER RACES. By J. A. HOBso ,M.A. .

(Col/ell/ded The first jart nppc'lvcd In the Md)' MOII /hly List.)

LIBERTY, Equality, Fraternity-these were the watchwords of the Old English Radicals, who were prepared to extend their idea of internationalism and cosmopolitanism all over the world and take over the most distant and backward people into the folds of civilisation. Virtually, by reason of an assumption which is very clear and very important in the old Radicalism­the assumption of the equality of man, they believed that. there was very little intrinsic difference between one man and another man. In the needs and faculties of humanity there was substantial equality.

They applied this to the individual of any class or people, to different classes and nations, and also to the different nations in the larger society of the world.

Human nature was prelly much the same-onc man was not much better or worse, cleverer or more foolish than another.

This view was held and expressed by Adam Smith. Holding this view f the substantial equality of all the

people of the earth, it was easy enough to deal with even the largest and most complex problems.

The doctrine of liberty was to let all people be free to pass from one place to another-to carry goods from one place t.o another place-freedom to establish what personal relations they chose with one another, to become citizens of any country in which it was more profi.table to work, live, and to marry. On that basis of absolute liberty you could get an apparent settlement.

o gradually you would get a standardisation of the world owing to the free emigration from the more thickly populated countries of the world to the under populated countries.

A constantly growing intercourse and intermarriage would take place, and races would tend lo disappear, or at all evenls they would disappear in their present shape, and new blends or new races would spring up. The backward nations would yield t.o the stimulus of imitat.ion as t.hey got to know more about the civilised nations, and would come to put on the external features of the higher civilisation, and gradually they would be educated along the same intellectual paths of development.

That, I think, wa the dream of the future of cosmo­politanism.

Now, it is not possible that any class of thinking men should settle uile so simply and C]uite so easily the actucll problems as thev h" ve developed to our modern knowledge. 'Vhat are those problems? One may begin, I think, by stating certain reactions agClinst this old cosmopolitan Liberalism among the educated people.

In the first place, they deny the equality and fraternity which has been the marked basis of the movement I described.

They do not admit that one people is as good as another people.

On the contrary, there are held to be dennitely inferior people

5

WhO are incapable from the political standpoint of attaining to a reasonable measure of self-government as we understand it.

Further, it is contended by most educated people in the world to-day that the material development of the countries of the backward peoples cannot be entrusted to the free play of economic motives on the spot.

1£ a backward people were only backward in the sense that they had not enjoyed the same opportunities as the more forward people, it might reasonably be c ntended that trade, by present­ing them with examples of modern industry, of what could be done by the arts of industry, would incite them to set to work to develop their resources, and would so contribute to the wealth which would be distributed for the benefit of the peoples of the world. '

It is denied by modern thinkers and travellers that a large proportion of the people of the earth are intellectually capable of responding to an appeal addressed to their self-interest in this way, and that they are capable or willing to organise themsel ves in order to develop the internal resources of their country.

And the wealth-the latent wealth of the tropics lying under the immediate possession of backward peoples apparently incapable of developing them rapidly and effectually of their own initiative-represents one of the most serious factors in the modern problem of race contact.

In order to deal with it some of our sociologists have invented certain phrases about the dignity of labour and the necessity of bringing pressure to bear upon the baekward peoples.

There are, however, to be taken into account other applica­tions of the denial of equality, and one of the most important politically is the refusal of free emigration from one country to another. ow, liberty is denied in a progressive degree by a large number of the progressive peoples of the world to the backward nations, and in the case of the civilised nations of Asia that denial is going to cause mischief in the world in the future.

That patent solution that I named at the outset of my problem is dependent entirely upon liberty of movement. You must let people go from one country to another country where they can do better for themselves.

Civilised North America, Australia, South Africa, ha\'e definitely and, I think T may say, finally refused admission to a considerable number of Asiatics into their country.

The barriers will be heightened and strengthened in future. Any disposition on the part of the Asiatic nations to flow in

considerable numbers would be met by a definite refusal to allow this stream to flow.

Here you see we have a contradiction of the nrst essential-liberty.

Will we refuse Asiatics permission to flow into the European-ised parts of Africa?

We have insisted, and I think will continue to insist, that we should be at liberty to visit their country and to pour our resources of trade into those countries.

G

Bul whether thes races will allow this gross inequality to continue in future is a question which one cannot profitably enter upon, because we ha,-e not got sufficient data for a national psychology.

I may mention that along with this refusal of the right of free access there is a corresponding insistence on the part of most of the white people that they will not freely inter-marry with Asiatics.

There are, of course, large speculations and problems opemng up.

Thcre is abovc all the question whether the conditions which I have named will not in the early future drive Asia back into something like the process of isolation from which she reluctantly emerged in the last half-century: whether Asia will simply shrink back into herself instead of fighting for her own rights in the various parts of the world, and whether she will respond to the stimuli and pour her goods and people into the other countries of the world. In the long run it is difficult to suppose that any process of isolation can be more than a historic phase, and that the world will ever go back into such water-tight compartments.

It is impossible to treat the main body of the African people either as being upon a level of modern industrial civilisation or as calxl ble of attaining to any such level.

I these people are not capable f responding to economic moti\-es and are unable to acquire the manual and mental skill and the power of organisation which are essentials of success­ful industry, either we must, under the name of the sanctity of nationalism, allow these people complete control over their own resources to use them to the best advantage or 10 waste them, or insist on some white control which will for e them to produce for the world the supply it wants.

The problem cannot be resolved by some simple moral maxim. It is said that the people in possession have an inalienable

right. That is a statement to which I cannot assent. I cannot admit that any people who happen to be in partial

or temporary possession of a particular area of land have any right, natural or moral, to refuse to develop that country or to refuse to allow other people to develop it.

The world has some claim upon the resources of the earth, and no nation has the right to refuse to take part in that process of development.

I cannot therefore admit the claims of the extreme school of nationalism. For if once we accept the extreme form of nationalism we shall see that the few hundred thousands at the utmost of Red Indians in North America ought to have been left in possession.

I do not think it is seriously arguable in modern times that the world can assent to any such absolute doctrine of national­ism, notwithstanding all the dangers which come up directly you abandon that doctrine.

If there are circumstances under which other nations of the world are at liberty to enter into the area occupied by some

1

lower or possibly weaker people and compel. the development of the intemal resources of that country, and mduce the people 111

that country to take part in that process, can it be pretended that it is a safe thing for a single nation such as England, for instance, to be the determinant of such a policy?

We have been told that the nations of Europe have not merely a right, but a duty, to take in hand the backward and the lower people, and to assist them to come forward and develop their latent riches for their own good primarily, and incidentally for the good of those who assist in this worthy object.

There are enormous abuses which obviously confront any such view as this, and yet some salutary application of this principle is demanded by the wider interests of civilisation.

Brought face to face with these h'uge international problems, we have got to think out solutions along the lines of true utili­tarianism that are calculated on reasonable consideration to be most profitable from the slan'dpoint of the world's civilisation of the future.

We must take the fair criteria of civilisations before we can arrive at a provisional theory about the rights of the higher races to intervene in the affairs of lower races for the sake of guiding and educating them,

At present the high-sounding phrases of any imperialism in which these claims are couched are little better than a game of vulgar grab,

Driving the matter down to plain business terms, that has been the way in which most of the white man's mission has worked out during the centuries of the evolution of modern imperial methods.

With regard to the underlying perils of civilisation arising out of a refusal to con front and to resol ve these large problems, I may say that such a refusal will lead to dangers more destruc­tive than any others that can be conceived. At present the stronger and more scientifically developed peoples of the world are going along the road of establishing an economic and political control over the lower people, with the result that they will take from them by force or cunning or an unequal process of trade an increasing proportion of the wealth which they need for thei r own consumption.

Peace and order in the world can only come by thoug-htful and equitable relations among peoples recognised to be in­capable of the same general development though of widely divergent types.

It will require a system of moral synthesis on a basis of justice and progress and a temper of calm understanding and of cultivated sympathy. , The ordinary political means will not suffice for any solu­

tIon. We need to study the psychology of the different nations for the education and Ior the organisation of a civilised society upon a large scale in the hture,

These are the conditions under which this Congress of the Nations in London meets this summer.

8

H(!)N(,)RllRV eFF)(~ERS.

Treasurer ... '" ••. ... W. RAwLINos, 406, lIlI.re Stre.t, Hackney, N.E.

{ Mr •. O. FLETCII£R MTTIl, 40, Highbury Plnce, N. Seeretarie. ... ... ... ... F. W, READ, 65, Hnrley Road, HlI.rlsden, N,W.

Re(Ji8trar.of Member8 alld } G. CATTIEnALt, 7h, Morg-an Monsions, Hig-ltbury, N . .iJf8oclatl!8 '" ... . •.

Edilor of Monthly LiBt ... W. L. MAnTIN, 87, Lady Marg-arct Road, Tufnell Park, N. Librarian. { Miss Mmr R'WLtNos, 406. Mare Street, Hackney, N.E.

... ... ... ... WALtIS MANsroRD, Oherry Tree Court, 53, Aldcrsgato Street, E.O. Rebu'ld' F d 7' uBtee. { .T. R. Omnn, Courtfield, Ross Road, Walling-ton, Surrey.

' mo un r E. OUNNINOTIAM, 61, Oheapside, E.O,

Mrs. Br.ACKDURN. G. nUN1\'. O. CATDr.nALL. Dr. A. DELVE. E. F. EnnINGTON. E. J. FAIRDALL.

Building Concert Decoration Discussion Finance House Institute Members Music Publications Rambles ... Season Ticket Soiree

Sunday School ... Organist

Members of General eommittee.

n. B. COWINo. Miss }'. A. LAW.

. LrnSTONE. ?tlrs. I.tDSTONE. W. L. MARTIN.

F'. M. OVEnr. Mrs. E. G. OVr.RY. Miss M. P['J"'s . Mi •• Mmy Rnvr.INOS. lIiss Rt:eB.

Secretaries of Sub.eommittees.

~fTS •• UD\MORE. B. -o YMONS. ,:\1 TB • • YlIONS. J~. WU.LIAlI8. T. 1t. WnrouT.

F. RERDEnT MANsronD, Wnlden, King-send, Ruislip. ALmED ,T. CLE>IENTS, 25, Camnen Road, N.W. lIfrs. J.IDSTONE,CATDEIlALL, 71<, Morgan Mansions, Hig-hbury, N. W. C. WADE, 67. Petherton Rond, N. F. M. O"F:m', ~O, Boyno !load, Lewisham, S.E.

Mrs. O. FLETclI£n SMITD, 40, Highbury PIllce, N. FRANK A.. HAWKINS, 13, Thurlow Park Rood, Dulwioh, S.E. E. S. KINO, 20, Radipole Road, Fulb .. m, S.W.

{ Miss H. 11. FAlltllALI" P, !.'carborough Rond, Stroud GrC<!n, N. E. S. KISG. 20, n.dipol. Road. Fulhnrn, S.W. W. T. WrxCET, 41, Finsbury Pavement, E.O.

{ Mrs. E. O. OVEnT, 20, Boync Rand, J~cwi.hnm, S.E. Mrs. LTDSTONE,CATlU'IlALT" 7h, .>Jorgon ~fnnsion., Hig-hbury, N. Miss F. A. T~"v, 59, Montpelier Rond, Peckhnm, S.E.

H. SlrITU 'VIWSTER, 53, Lorninc llond, Ronowny, N.

Secretllries of Sub·Committee. nro reminded that it is important to notily the CaTetnker of da te nnd time of Committeu meetings.

DlllRV P(!)R JUNE.

JUNE Jm--m I General Committee meets 7 p.m. II Service and Sunday Seh. 11 a.m. 2 Co·operative Holiday: Chil-

17 IbmbJe-Epsol11 \Vorkhol1se tern Hills. Paddington 6.25 p.m. London Br. (L.B. c' .c.) 2.38 p.l11. 3 Co-operative Holiday: Chil-

tel'l1 Hills. Paddington I.25 p.m. 18 Service and Sunday Seh. II a.m. 4 Service 11 a.l11.

22 & 2J Hamble-Gerrard's Cruss IQ Ramble-High Barnet Marylebone ... lo·30 a.m . Broad Street Station .. , 2.271'·111.

25 Service and Sunday Seh. Finsbury Park 2-46 p.m. I r a.111

N.B.-All communicalion, for UIe Monthlv Li8t 8"ould be for-warded NOT LATER than the IStll 0/ the predou. month to W. L. MAnTIN (.ee addrc88 above).