june class review answers.notebook - welcome to ms...

June class review answers.notebook May 24, 2016

Topic 1 Atomic Model

19p+

Rutherford's model

+_

___

Bohr


Observations ConclusionsMost of the alpha particles went through the gold foil without being deflected.

An atom is mostly empty

space

Some alpha particles are strongly deflected or bounce back.

* an atom contains a very small, dense nucleus

*the nucleus of the atom is positively charged

Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

Bohr:

Electrons were found on orbits which were continually moving. This would keep them from attracting to the nucleus. The orbits can hold a specific number of e

Orbit 1 holds up to: 2



Orbit 4 holds up to: 2Electrons stick to the orbits because of the speed the orbit is moving at. Electrons can move

from one orbit to another when stimulated by heat or electricity.


Periodic table

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Group: a column down (vertical). Elements in a group have similar properties because they all have the same # of valence electrons.

Valence electrons: Same number of electrons on the last shell.

Period: row across (horizontal). The period number indicates how many energy levels (electron shells or orbits) the atoms in that row have.


Solutions• aqueous(Water is solvent)• solute (gets dissolved)• solvent (dissolves)

• Math unitsC=concentration

m = mass

v= volume of solution

C = m/v

to go from L to ml you must x 1 000

to go from mg to g you must ÷ 1 000to go from g to mg you must x by 1000

to go from ml to L you must ÷ by 1000

% PPM g/L mg/L (ppm)

g/ml x 100 g/

1000000ml

g/l or g/1000ml g/1000ml


• StepsCalculate mass of solte required.

1) Weigh _______ g of solute.

2) Place the solute in a ___* mL volumetric flask

3) Add some water and swirl.

4) Add water to line.

5) Check miniscus


• electrolytes: conduct electricity (Start with a metal or H) which ones will conduct?

KOH

H2SO4

NaCl

PCl3

CH3OH

H2O

Electrolyte Nonelectrolyte

Definit

ion

A substance that when dissolved in water, conducts electricity.

A substance, that when dissolved in water DO NOT conduct electricity.(ex: sugar)

Why

Because when dissolved in water, ions (+ and charge) are produced.

(molecules separate)

Because when dissolved in water ions ARE NOT produced (molecules stay together)

How to Identify them

The 1st element will start with a metal (Found in group 1, 2 or 3) ex NaCl

The first element will start with a

nonmetal (found in groups 47)

ex PCl3


Acid Base Salt

Electrolyte Releases H+ ions Releases OH ions Metal + Nonmetal

Litmus paper Blue turns Red Red turns blue No change

Found in

Vinegars

Fruit juice

Soda

Cleaning products

Heartburn meds

Fertilizers

Bath Salts

Recognize

***

Starts with "H"

ends with a nonmetal Ends with "OH"

Starts with a MetalMetal and Non

metal

Examples

***

HCl

H3PO4

H2SO4

NaOHLiOH

Ca(OH)2Al(OH)3

NaClCaCl2MgBr2AlPO3

Exceptions

*MEMORIZE

H2O

H2SC2H5OHCH3OH


Neutralization

How to know when neutralized?

NaOH + HCl ⇒


Particle model

4 Al + 3 O2 ⇒ 2 Al2O3

Fe2O3 + 3 CO ⇒ 2 Fe + 3 CO2

1. P + O2 → P2O5

2. H2 + O2 → H2O

3. P + Cl2 → PCl3

4. P + O2 → P2O5

5. N2 + O2 → N2O5

Balancing equations

1. You combined 80 g of KOH with 100 g of H2SO4 to produce 120 g of K2SO4 and H2O according to the following balanced equation:

2KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O

How much water was produced?

2. You combined 160 g of H2 with O2 and produced 197 g of H2O. How much O2 was produced?

• mass questions


Fire triangle

rapid combustion

spontaneous combustion

slow combustion

Combustion


photosynthesis and respiration


Magnetism

Magnetic field

Right hand rule

N S N S S N


Static electricity

Test Observation Sketch

1. The positively charged glass rod is brought close to sphere A without touching it.

Sphere A is repelled.

Rubbed glass rod

2. Sphere A is brought close to sphere B without touching it. Spheres A and B are repelled.

3. A positively charged glass rod is brought close to sphere C without touching it.

Sphere C is attracted to the glass rod.

Rubbed glass rod

4. The piece of silk used to rub the glass rod is brought close to sphere C without touching it.

Sphere C is attracted to the piece of silk.

Silk

Touching:

Electrostatic series:

Capacity togainelectrons

VinylSilkWoolGlass


Electricity

1 Formulas

V=IR P=IV E=Pt

Conversions:

2 Circuits

6 parts: safety, control, power supply, resistor, transformer and conductor

3 Resistance

Good resistor:

Good conductor:

I (amperes) 0.37 0.72 1.08 1.48 1.80 2.16 2.59 2.96 3.33 3.60

V (volts) 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00


Energy Efficiency% efficiency = energy used

energy consumed

Heat vs Temperature


• pH

06.9 7 7.114

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Calculate strengtg: (10x)


Manufacturing Technical Objects1) Materials

wood, metals, plastics, ceramics, modified wood, composites

properties (pros/cons degradation and protection)

2) Constraints

tension, compression, torsion, deflection, shearing

3) Deformations

elastic, plastic, fracture


Mechanical engineering

1) Links

direct/indirect rigid/flexible

incomplete/partial removable/nonremovable

2) Guiding controls

rotational

translational

helical

3) Gears

speed change

4) Transmission systems

same motion

ex. gear trains, chain & sprocket, worm & worm, friction gear, belt & pulley

5) Transformations systems

different motions

ex. rack & pinion, screw gear systems I II, cam & follower, slidercrank


Biosphere1) Lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere

Earth moon systems, tides, winds

2) Biogeochemical cycles

a) Carbon cycle

b) Nitrogen Cycle

3) Biomes

a) factors determining distribution

latitude, altitude, temperature, precipitation,

soil type, solar energy, winds

b) Terrestrial

tropical forests, boreal forests, temperate forests, grasslands & shrublands, arctic tundra, deserts, alpine

c) Aquatic

freshwater: lakes, rivers, wetlands (swamps, bogs, marsh)

marine: oceans & seas, estuaries, coral reef


Populations & Communities1) Populations

population size

population density

population distribution (clumped, uniform, random)

2) Abiotic and biotic factors

3) Biological cycles

4) Biodiversity

5) Interactions

competition

predation

parasitism

mutualism

commensalism


Ecosystems1) Trophic levels

producers, consumers, decomposers

herbivores, carnivores, detritivores

2) Ecosystem Dynamics

material flow

energy flow

3) Primary productivity

4) Disturbances

natural & human

ecological succession

june class review answers.notebook - welcome to ms...

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