justice reinvestment in hawaii - detailed analyses and policy direction

8/3/2019 Justice Reinvestment in Hawaii - Detailed Analyses and Policy Direction

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Council of State Governments Justice Center | 1

Justice Reinvestment

in Hawaii

3ndWorking Group Meeting

DetailedAnalyses&PolicyDirec2on

November 29, 2011

Council of State Governments Justice Center

Marshall Clement, Project Director

Andy Barbee, Senior Research Associate

Robert Coombs, Senior Policy Analyst


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Funders and Partners



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Overview

1.Justice Reinvestment Process& Data Analyzed

2. Detailed Analysis & Policy Directions

3.Proposed Timeline & Next Steps



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Engageinputfrom

stakeholders

Behavioralhealth&treatmentproviders

Lawenforcement Judges Prosecutors Defensebar Vic=madvocates/survivors Countyofficials Communitycorrec=ons Proba=on

Collect&examine

quan9ta9vedata

Reportedcrime&arrests Courtdisposi=on&

sentencing

Proba=onandcommunitycorrec=onsprograms

Prisonadmissions,popula=on&releases

Develop&presentacomprehensiveanalysisof

thestatescriminaljus9ce

system

Developaframeworkofpolicyop9onsthattogether

wouldincreasepublicsafety

andreduce/averttaxpayer

spending

1Analysis

2Implementa9on

3Accountability

Ohio Justice Reinvestment Process

HawaiiJus9ceReinvestmentProcess

June-October October-December December-January 4Feb


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Data Requested in Hawaii

Data Source Status

Arrests CJIS Received

Felony Court Filings and Dispositions JUD Received

Probation Placements, Terminations &Population Snapshots

JUD Received

Jail and Prison Admissions, Releases &Population Snapshots

PSD Received

Parole Population Snapshots & BoardHearings

HPA Received

Risk / Needs Assessments ICIS Received

5


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Overview

1. Justice Reinvestment Process& Data Analyzed

2.Detailed Analysis & Policy Directions

3.Proposed Timeline & Next Steps



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Key Findings


Crime,arrests,

andfelony

disposi9ons

havedeclined

butthe

incarcerated

popula9onhas

remainedstable,

because:

Pre-trialpopula=onhasincreaseddue

tolonglengthsofstay&low

percentageofreleasestosupervision

Increasingnumberdeniedparole,due

toprogrammingrequirementsof

lowriskoffenders&boNlenecks

Paroleviolatorsarebeingheldlonger,andincreasinglyheldtofinishtheir

sentencewithoutsupervision.Length

ofproba=onislongerthanmoststates.

1.

2.

3.


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0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Hawaiis PSD Population HasIncreased 18% from 2000 to 2011


Source: Hawaii PSD Annual Reports (2000-2008), communication from PSD staff

(2009-10), and PSD Weekly Population Updates (2011).

5,127

6,043asof

June6,2011

6,251

Hawaii has contracted with mainlandfacilities to house from 1/4 to 1/3 of

its inmates.


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Crime Is Declining


Source: FBI UCR Crime Statistics 2006 and 2010; Crime & Justice in Hawaii: 2010

Household Survey Report, Hawaii Attorney General (August 30, 2011)

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Violent Property

2006 2010


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Felony Court Dispositions Declining


Source: HI AOC Database

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Prison 935 887 790 699 624

Proba=onw/Jail 921 1,015 977 947 1,009

Proba=on 432 425 414 376 345

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Proba=on Proba=onw/Jail Prison

In2011,31%ofindividuals

convictedofafelonyweresentencedtoprison


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Decline in DispositionsConsistent Across Offense Types and Islands


FelonyGuiltyDisposi9onsbyOffenseType

Offense FY2007 FY2011 %Chg

Violent 298 332 +11%

Sex 78 41 -47%

Property 1,051 932 -11%

Drug 644 433 -33%

DUI 30 22 -7%

Other 246 272 +11%

Total 2,347 2,032 -13%

q60%oftheincreasedViolentdisposi=onsinOahuare1stand2ndDegreeAssaultandRobbery.

q33%oftheincreasedOtherdisposi=onsinOahuare1stand2ndDegreeTerroris=c

Threat.

FelonyGuiltyDisposi9onsbyCircuit

Circuit FY2007 FY2011 %Chg

Oahu 1,605 1,353 -16%

Maui 366 320 -13%

Hawaii 338 334 -1%

Kauai 38 25 -34%

Total 2,347 2,032 -13%

DrivenbyOahu

DrivenbyOahu



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Prison Population Declined by 14% (613 people)


Source: PSD data provided to CSG Justice Center for analysis (FY2006-2011 End of Year

Snapshot Population). Pre- and Post-Minimum Offenders include those sentencedfor a new conviction or a probation revocation.

Thepost-

minimum

sentenced

popula=on

increased

77%

Theparole

violator

popula=on

increased

37%2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

ParoleViolator 416 415 433 458 502 570

Post-Minimum 493 839 930 973 956 872

Pre-Minimum 3,556 3,219 3,094 2,967 2,806 2,420

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

Pre-Minimum Post-Minimum ParoleViolator


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Jail Population Increased 48% (694 people)


Source: : PSD data provided to CSG Justice Center for analysis (FY2006-2011 End of YearSnapshot Population). Pre-Trial Population includes: Pre-Trial Felons, Pre-Trial

Misdemeanors, Probation Violators. Sentenced Jail Population includes: Sentenced

Misdemeanor, Sentenced Misdemeanor Probationer, and Sentenced Felon Probationer.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Pre-TrialPopula=on 568 565 551 574 624 1233

SentencedJailPopula=on 914 917 890 940 1040 958

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Thepre-trial

popula=on

increased

117%

1,482

2,191

Yetadmissions

stayedstable


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Summary of Pretrial Jail Trends


PT/PSFelons

FY2006 FY2010 FY2011

Admissions 3,318 2,602 2,543

JunePop 405 413 741

PTMisd. FY2006 FY2010 FY2011

Admissions 4,132 4,826 4,164

JunePop 105 96 142

Proba9on

Violators FY2006 FY2010 FY2011

Admissions 791 1,551 1,956

JunePop 58 115 350

Pretrialfelonyadmissionsaretrendingdownward,butthe

popula=ontrendedupwardsharply

inthepastyear.

Pretrialmisdemeanoradmissionshavebeenmostlystable,butthe

popula=ontrendedupwardsharply

inthepastyear.

Proba=onviolatoradmissionshavebeenincreasing,andthepopula=on

hastrendedupwardaccordingly.

Source: PSD Admissions Data from FY2006-2011; PSD End of Year Snapshot

Population Data, FY2006-2011

2006-11%chg

-23%

+82%

2006-11

%chg

+147%

+503%

2006-11%chg

+35%

+1%


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Mapping of Pretrial Process:Arrest to Case Disposition


Arrestand

Booking

intoJail

Ini=alCourt

Appearance

Bail

Reconsidera=on

Hearing

CaseDisposi=on

IntakeServicesCenter(ISC)staff

conductbrief

screeningforMH

issues

Actualassessmentof

riskOT

conducted

Decisionofwhetherornot

tooffermoney

bailop=onper

recommenda=on

ofprosecu=on

Ifbailnotposted,defendant

detained

Requiresfilingbydefenseof

mo=onfor

hearingto

reconsider

ISCmustconductbailreport

priortofiling

qOnOahu,reconsidera=on

hearingisusually

5ormoreweeks

aertheini=al

appearancefor

felonsand1or

moreweeksfor

misdemeanants.


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Pretrial / Presentence Felony Release Trends


FY2006Releases(n=2,415)

Bail(33%)

ROR(8%)

SupvRel(34%)

Other(25%)

FY2011Releases(n=1,53)

Bail(42%)

ROR(14%)

SupvRel(29%)

Other(15%)

31days

84days

31days

32days

102days

59days

qReleaseonOwnRecognizance(ROR)andSupervisedRelease(SR)accountfor43%of

allpretrialfelonyreleases,butittakesthree

months.

AvgLOS

AvgLOS

Source: PSD Releases Data from FY2006-2011


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Offense Type and Risk Level ofPretrial Felons


PretrialFelonsasofJune30,2011

741

Domes=cViolence18

Violent/Sex

216

Property/Drug

339

Other

168

63%ofthe

nonviolentpretrial

felonsarelowrisk.

Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011; ICIS Database


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Pretrial / Presentence Felony Release Trends:Hawaii Compared to Other US Counties


AnalysisofFelonyCasesFiledandTypeofReleasefromJailDuringPretrialStatus*

CountyNon-Financial MoneyBail NoPretrialRelease

%ofTot JailLOS %ofTot JailLOS %ofTot JailLOS

Honolulu,HI 27% 71days 30% 37days 41% 216days

Maricopa,AZ 39% 4days 13% 18days 8% 137days

LosAngeles,CA 13% 5days 17% 8days 63% 74days

3CountyAverage 14days 12days 121days

qOfthe39coun=esinthestudy,Honoluluhadthelongestaveragestayinjailforthoseul=matelyreleasedonnon-financialterms(recognizance,

supervisedrelease)ortomoneybail.

*BasedonBureauofJus=ceSta=s=csCourtProcessingSta=s=csProject(2004felonycasesfiled).


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Finding 2:

77% Increase in Population Denied Parole

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 20Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011

SentencedFelonsIncarceratedBeyondMinimumReleaseDate

FY2006 FY2011 %Change

AllSentenced

Felons

4,059 3,292 -19%

#PastParole

Date493 872 +77%

%ofAll

Sentenced

Felons

12% 27% +125%

Avg.MonthsPast

MinimumDate28.8 27.5 -5%


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Assessment Unit DrivesPrograms Required By Parole Board


eedforSubstanceUseTreatment

Program

Yes

o

RiskofRecidivism

High

Med.

Low

High

Med.

Low

Recommendedfor

Programs

LikelytoBenefit

fromProgram


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Risk / Needs Matrix:Sentenced Felons Beyond Parole Eligibility


NeedLevelRiskLevel

TotalLow Medium High

oTreatment 214 0 1 215

Incr.UAs;D/AEduc. 135 0 0 135

WeeklyTherapy 57 115 34 207

IOP 26 35 125 187

IR 7 15 66 88

TC 0 7 25 32

AssessforPsychopathy 0 0 8 8

Total 440 173 260 872

OutsideProgramming

InsideProgramming

NoProgramming

310(35%)

121(14%)

441(51%)

qOfthosebeyondparoleeligibility,only14%needprison-basedprogramming.Yet,two-thirdsareawai=ngprison-basedprogramminginordertobereleasedto

parole.Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011; ICIS Database


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Risk / Needs Matrix:Sentenced Felons within 1 Year of Parole Eligibility


NeedLevelRiskLevel

TotalLow Medium High

oTreatment 122 1 2 125

Incr.UAs;D/AEduc. 107 0 0 107

WeeklyTherapy 35 86 30 151

IOP 17 30 114 161

IR 2 12 41 55

TC 0 4 18 22

AssessforPsychopathy 0 0 11 11

Total 283 133 216 632

OutsideProgramming

InsideProgramming

NoProgramming

260(41%)

86(14%)

286(45%)

qOfthosew/inoneyearofparoleeligibility,only14%needprison-basedprogramming.

Source: PSD End of Year Snapshot Population Data, FY2006-2011; ICIS Database


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58% of Low Risk Inmates Denied Release to Parole


Aug-Oct2011

ParoleHearingsTotal

Low

Risk

Medium

Risk

High

Risk

TotalHearings 542 272 107 163

Denials 330 158 65 107

DenialRate 61% 58% 61% 66%

Almosthalfofallparoledenialswerelow-riskinmates.

Source: HPA Hearings Database FY 2011; ICIS Database


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Finding 3:37% Increase in Parole Violator Population

Council of State Governments Justice Center | 27Source: HPA Annual Reports; PSD Annual Release Population Data from FY2006-2011;

PSD End of Year Snapshot Data, FY2006-2011

Admissions LengthofStay Popula9onx =FY2006FY2011

0611

%chg

416 570 37%

FY2006FY20110611

%chg

19.0 28.3 49%

Thenumberofparole

violatorshasdeclined,but

theaveragelengthofstay

hasincreasedsignificantly,

requiring570bedsin

FY2011.

Analyzingtheriskofparole

violatorsandtheircriminal

historieswillhelpdeterminehow

muchbenefitthisincapacita=on

periodislikelyhaving.

HPA#ofParoleViolators

FY2006FY20100610

%chg

364 220 -40%


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Large Increase in Number ofHigh Risk Prisoners Maxing Out


Typeof

Release

FY2006 FY2011

#Rels %HighRisk #Rels %HighRisk

Parole 557 11% 595 23%

MaxOut 11 12% 47 41%Other 53 15% 26 46%

Total 731 12% 868 2%

SentencedFelonReleases(excludesparoleviolators)

(15to101

increaseinhigh

riskrels)

Source: PSD Annual Release Population Data from FY2006-2011; ICIS Database

Basedonanalysisoffelonyandmisdemeanorarrestdata,53%of

FY2008maxoutswererearrestedwithin3yearsofbeingreleased.

Only28%ofFY2008releasestoparolewererearrestedwithin3yearsofbeingreleased.


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80% of Parole Population Is Low Risk


EndofFiscalYearParolePopula9onbyRiskLevel

Year %Low %Med %High ParolePop

2008 78% 12% 10% 1,950

2011 80% 14% 6% 1,862

Source: HPA Annual Reports; HPA Database; ICIS Database

Low

Medium

High


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Probation Population HasIncreased by 15% Since FY 2006


Degree FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY200 FY2010 FY2011

Total 16,07 16,451 16,424 16,35 17,771 18,542

Felony 10,059 10,379 10,685 11,168 11,423 11,778

Misd. 5,975 6,034 5,704 5,733 6,317 6,715

Other 45 38 35 34 31 49



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Probation Lengths in the Largest U.S. CountiesRarely Last More than Three Years


*BasedonBJSstudyofdefendantschargedinMay2006withfelonyoffense

hNp://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/fdluc06.pdf(AppendixTable12)

Distribu9onofProba9onLengthsbyOffenseDegree*

OffenseDegree 1-12mos 13-24mos 25-36mos 37+mos

Felony 16% 36% 31% 18%

Misdemeanor 54% 29% 16% 1%

InLargestUSCounEes...

InHawaii...

Distribu9onofProba9onLengthsbyOffenseDegree

OffenseDegree 1-12mos 13-24mos 25-36mos 37+mosFelony 2% 1% 1% 96%

Misdemeanor 83% 15% 1% 1%

Fewerthan5%offelony

proba=onersin

Hawaiiare

orderedtoterms

of3yearsorless.

Comparedwith83%inlargestUS

urbancoun=es

q60%ofthefelonyproba=onersreceiving

termsof37+months

arelowrisk.



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Key Finding & Policy Direction:Pre-Trial Population


Amendcourt/PSDprocesstoprovidejudgewith

informa9onaboutriskof

rearrestandfailureto

appearatini9alappearance.

Setgoalstoreduceaveragelengthofstay

forindividualswhoare

alreadyreleasedonpre-

trialsupervisionorROR.

1. Pre-trialpopula=onhasincreasedduetolonglengthsofstay&lowpercentageofreleasestosupervision


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Key Finding & Policy Direction:Sentenced Population


Tailorprogrammingrequirementstoriskof

recidivismandcriminogenic

need.

Makesureparolereleasedecisionsare

informedbyriskof

recidivism.

2. Increasingnumberdeniedparole,duetoprogrammingrequirementsoflowriskoffenders&boNlenecks

Allowjudgesgreaterdiscre9ontodetermine

whencertaindrugoffenders

requireaprisonvs.jailterm.


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Key Finding & Policy Direction:Parole & Probation


Reducelengthofstayandcostsassociatedwith

punishingparole

violatorstoensure

sufficientresourcesarein

placetochangebehavior.

Ensureaperiodofsupervisionattheendof

everyoffenderssentencefor

holdingoffenders

accountableandtransi9oning

thembacktothecommunity.

3. Paroleviolatorsarebeingheldlonger,andincreasinglyheldtofinishtheirsentencewithoutsupervision.Lengthof

proba=onislongerthanmoststates.

Strengthenproba9onsupervisionbyfocusingresourceson

theini9al1-2yearsofsupervision&expandingtreatment.


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Potential Bed Reduction FromAddressing Key Drivers


Pre-trialpopula=onhas

recentlydoubled

Increasingnumberdeniedparole,mostlydueto

programmingboNlenecks

Paroleviolatorsarebeingheldlonger,andincreasinglyheldto

finishtheirsentencewithout

supervision

1.

2.

3.

IncreaseSinceFY2006:

665

37

154

Total:1,18


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Proposed Timeline

Dates Activity

November 29 Working Group Meeting(detailed data analysis & policy direction)

November-December Policy Development &Stakeholder Consultation

January 17 Working Group Meeting(detailed policy options)



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Thank You

This material was prepared for the State of Hawaii. The presentation wasdeveloped by members of the Council of State Governments Justice Centerstaff. Because presentations are not subject to the same rigorous review

process as other printed materials, the statements made reflect the views ofthe authors, and should not be considered the official position of the Justice

Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or the fundingagency supporting the work.

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