jute breeding and development in china - fibrafp7.netfibrafp7.net/portals/0/03_ pingping.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Jute Breeding and Development
in China
PhD. Fang Pingping, Prof. Qi Jianmin
Institute of Crops Genetic Improvement (ICGI),
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU)
E-mail: [email protected]
July. 21-27, 2013, Catania, Italy
Main Contents
Introduction
Jute Production in China
Breeding Research
Fundamental Research
Comprehensive Utilization
About FAFU
1.1 What is Jute?
Next to cotton in importance
Known as the "golden fiber",
"soft fiber"
Accounts for 70% production
of global bast fiber crops
Mainly grown in India,
Bangladesh, China and Nepal
Encompasses two bast fiber
species
1. Introduction
White(Corchorus capsularis)
Tossa(Corchorus olitorius)
1.2 Origin of jute
White jute (Corchorus
capsularis) occurs wild in
South China from where it
was introduced into
Bangladesh and India.
Toss jute (C. olitorius) occurs
wild in Africa from where it
migrated via Egypt and Syria
into India, Bangladesh,
China and elsewhere.
1.3 Advantage
high biomass output
short life cycle
fast grow
broad growing region
strong adaptability to
environment
low input cost in
cultivated condition
1.4 Diversity Usages
Bast Fiber
Gunny bags and cloth; Ropes; Canvas; Carpet
Composites; Pulp & Paper ; Geotextiles; Non-
woven; handcraft
Core Fiber
Building materials; Soil modifiers; Active carbon;
Absorbent; Paper
Other parts ( Root, Leaf, Flower, Seed)
Animal feed; Food; Oil; Medicine
Fertilizers; Dyeing materials
2. Jute production
in China
2.1 history
• China is the earliest country to cultivate jute in the
world
• Archaeology showed that South China ancestors
had hemp crop cultivation in early primitive society
• As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, "Maps of
Materia Medica" (1061) already had the
morphological characteristics description of jute,
showed that in early 11th century, China had
cultivated jute as textile materials.
• mainly used as raw materials for making jute burlap,
rope, shoes and paper.
2.2 production
China is the third largest jute&kenaf producing countries behind
India and Bangladesh
whilst the average yield level of China is about 1.5 times higher
than that of the world average.
The jute planting scale were 100 million hectares highest in 1985,
while as the impact of petrochemical products and agricultural
production structure adjustment, jute scale declined substantially.
In 1990, jute cultivation area was 300,000 hectares with the total
output of 726,000 tons.
According to the Statistics,2007-2011, China jute and kenaf area
varied from 33,000 hectares to 19,000 hectares
average yields 20% higher than in the 1990s
Currently, China imports large quantities of jute fiber from
Bangladesh and other countries each year.
Area of Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibres in Major producing Countries
AREA (in 000 Ha)
Bangladesh China India Myanmar Nepal Thailand
2011-2012 620.2 19.0 790.0 8.2 10.6 1.4
2010-2011 587 18 800 12.6 10.6 1.4
2009-2010 485.8 30 773.7 8.9 11.7 1.5
2008-2009 408.1 30 785.6 14.3 11.6 1.5
2007-2008 500 33 952 20.4 11.7 1.2
2006-2007 533.4 31 931 46.5 12 2.3
2005-2006 466 31.1 931 41 12.2 3.1
2004-2005 418 32 916 35.4 11.8 16.6
2003-2004 499.8 41 1000 44.1 11.9 20.4
2002-2003 436.2 56 1025 58.7 11.7 27.2
2001-2002 519.6 52 986 53.5 11.3 19.2
2000-2001 448 50 873 31 14.5 19.2
1999-2000 414.8 65.8 751 33 11.7 19.9
1998-1999 477.5 92.7 841 37.3 12.3 30.7
1997-1998 647.5 162.1 1115 34.1 11 66.6
1996-1997 547.6 147 1014 43.2 11.2 76.5
1995-1996 519.2 146 846 47.3 10.2 79.3
1994-1995 567.8 175 982 37.5 9 89.7
1993-1994 521.3 274 920 30.8 13.1 110.6
1992-1993 500.2 277.2 976 47.6 8.8 110.1
1991-1992 586.8 269.7 1107 27.2 15.5 115.7
Yield of Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibres in Major producing Countries
YIELD (Tonne/Ha)
Year Bangladesh China India Myanmar Nepal Thailand
2011-2012 2.13 3.68 2.51 0.46 1.42 0.93
2010-2011 2.39 3.63 2.25 0.62 1.36 1.21
2009-2010 1.73 2.51 2.09 0.90 1.52 1.33
2008-2009 2.28 2.67 1.88 0.90 1.47 1.93
2007-2008 2.47 2.63 1.87 0.94 1.43 1.79
2006-2007 2.22 2.80 1.93 0.94 1.43 1.55
2005-2006 2.07 2.66 1.64 0.9 1.45 1.51
2004-2005 1.94 2.72 1.47 0.95 1.43 2.16
2003-2004 1.93 2.43 1.62 0.95 1.43 2.03
2002-2003 1.82 2.77 2.01 0.71 1.45 1.51
2001-2002 1.78 2.62 1.92 0.95 1.45 1.54
2000-2001 1.82 2.52 1.86 0.9 1.05 1.54
Production of Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibres in Major producing Countries PRODUCTION (in ‘000 tonnes)
Year Bangladesh China India Myanmar Nepal Thailand
2011-2012 1 323.1 70.0 1 980.0 3.8 15.0 1.3
2010-2011 1 404.5 69.0 1 800.0 7.8 14.4 1.7
2009-2010 839.6 75.2 1620.0 8.0 17.7 2.0
2008-2009 931.0 80.0 1476.0 12.9 17 2.9
2007-2008 1236.8 86.8 1782 19.1 16.8 2.2
2006-2007 1186.4 86.8 1800 43.6 17.1 3.6
2005-2006 965 82.8 1530 36.9 17.7 4.6
2004-2005 810 86.9 1350 33.6 16.9 35.7
2003-2004 963 99.8 1620 42 17 41.3
2002-2003 793.4 130 1980 41.9 17 46.4
2001-2002 924.7 136 1890 50.8 16.4 29.5
2000-2001 814.7 125.9 1620 27.8 15.2 29.7
1999-2000 731.5 164 1404 26.5 15.7 29.7
1998-1999 851.9 248 1491.7 33.5 15.5 47.2
1997-1998 1242.7 429.5 1964 33.1 15.5 106.4
1996-1997 1062.2 364.9 1836 39.5 14 109.3
1995-1996 652.7 371.2 1458 43 14.9 114.9
1994-1995 1027.4 354.9 1476 34.6 11.7 130.3
1993-1994 782.3 672 1374.1 27.3 14.4 139
1992-1993 885.4 619 1332 38.8 10 140.3
1991-1992 945.1 513 1620 22.6 19.1 157.2
3. Jute Breeding in China
1. Main Breeding Institutes of Jute in
China
Institute of Bast Fiber Crops (IBFC), Chinese Academy
of Agriculture Sciences ( CAAS )
Institute of Crops Genetic Improvement (ICGI), Fujian
Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU)
Agronomy College, Guangxi University
Xiaoshan Cotton and Bast Fibers Institute (XCBFI ),
Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences ( ZAAS )
Institute of Sugarcane and Bast Fibers ( ISBF ), Fujian
Academy of Agriculture Sciences ( FAAS )
2. Objectives of Jute Breeding in China
O1: Breeding new varieties with good fiber quality,
high fiber yeild, multi-resistance to pests,diseases
and serious growing condition
Compared with the CK variety :
Fiber yield increasing more than 10%;
Stalk yield increasing more than 8%;
fiber fineness about 400N;
High resistance to anthracnose ( increasing 1 grade ),
resistance ( increasing 1 grade ) to nematode and fungi disease
Tolerance to saline-alkali (0.4-0.5%) and tolerance to
drought
wide adaptability
2. Objectives of Jute Breeding in China
O2: Breeding high fiber fineness varieties for special
textile application. Good fiber quality, high fiber yeild,
multi-resistance to pests,diseases and serious growing
condition
Compared with the CK variety :
Fiber yield increasing more than 10%;
Stalk yield increasing more than 8%;
fiber fineness more than 500N;
High resistance to anthracnose ( increasing 1 grade ),
resistance ( increasing 1 grade ) to nematode and fungi disease
Tolerance to saline-alkali (0.4-0.5%) and tolerance to drought
wide adaptability
2. Objectives of Kenaf Breeding in China
O3: Breeding hybrid Jute with super high fiber yield
key techniques are:
how to create CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility ) how to use three-line method ,
how to select and utilize high combining ability male
steriles.
Technique Index:
Fiber yield of F1 increasing over 20% compared with ck
variety
3. Strategy and Method of Jute Breeding
in China
S1: Study on modern bio-technique Breeding
To identify systemic genetic diversity and relative
relationship of Jute germplasm using molecular label for finding
better parental materials.
The focus of short stage are transferring gene breeding of
resistance to pest, herbicide, tolerance to salt, drought. Making
cloning of functional genes , measuring of sequences,
construction of genetic linkage map, location of specific genes,
etc.
S2: Study on induced mutation breeding and
spaceflight Breeding. To creat specific germplasm available using physical and
chemical induced method, and satellite carrying seeds , to supply
for selection and utilization of breeding.
3. Strategy and Method of Jute Breeding
in China
S3: Set up high efficiency aggregation breeding
technique system
Combining modern breeding methods with traditional
methods, speed breeding technique intergration and
method creation, promote to set up high efficiency
aggregation breeding technique system of jute, increase
breeding efficiency and level, short breeding time and cycle.
4. Main jute varieties released in China
From 1950, there are many varieties of jute were bred
and released in commercial use.
1950’S
Hongtiegu, Penny Ma, Xinfeng, Bailianzhi,
Yueyuan1,Yueyuan2, Yueyuan3,Xuan46, Kuaizaohong
1960-2000
Yueyuan4, Yueyuan5,Meifeng4,minma4,minma5,179
2001---
Zhongjute1,Fujute1,Fujute2,Fujute3
Vegetable jute
Funong1, Funong2,Funong3,Funong4,Funong5
Elite Jute Varieties
High-yield, Good-quality and
Resistant Jute Variety——Meifeng-4
High-yield, Good-quality and Multi-
Resistant Jute Variety——179
The average raw fiber yield is 7000kg/ha with
high yield stability. The variety was awarded
Third Prize of Fujian Provincial Science and
Technology Progress.
The average raw fiber yield is
7000kg/ha with anthracnose
resistance. The variety was
granted “Fujian Province Science
Conference Award”
Fujute1
Meifeng2×Yueyuan5
Bred by FAFU
The average raw fiber
yield( 7545 kg/ha) is
7.02% and 13.54% higher
than that of 179(CK1)
and Zhongjute1(CK2)
• From Minma5 by nuclear radiation
• By FAFU
• The average raw fiber yield( 7665 kg/ha) is 8.72% and 15.35% higher than that of 179(CK1)and zhongjute1(CK2)
Fujute2
Fujute3
Meifeng2×Minma5
Bred by FAFU
The average raw fiber
yield( 7690 kg/ha) is
11.17% higher than that
of 179(CK1)
Vegetable jute variety Funong No.1-5
Bred by physical mutation
With high content of Calcium, Selenium and high nutritional value
The yield of its tender stems and leaves reached 23503.4kg/hm2 ,
which was 25.52% higher than CK
with the characters of high
yield, good quality, strong
resistance and long growth
period, is an organic and
new type jute variety used
for vegetable
4、Jute Fundamental research
in China
4.1 Jute Genetic Diversity and Relationship
by SRAP Analysis
173 domestic and abroad
wild species and cultivated
species
screening 35 pairs of
polymorphic SRAP primers
according to Nei-Li's
method to calculate the
similarity coefficient for
cluster analysis.
96 tested
materials including
wild and cultivar,
white and tossa jute
Using SRAP, ISSR
markers and
morphological
methods
4.2 Jute Origin and Evolution
4.3 Genetic linkage map construction
Two tossa jute species (wild and
cultivated species) were selected as
parents to construct the first genetic
linkage map of tossa jute by SRAP
molecular markers and three
morphological markers.
Total length 2522.2cM, including eight
linkage groups (L0D ≥ 3.0), 128 个
SRAP marker loci with an average
distance of 19.25cM. 。
2.Whit jute
SRAP、ISSR and RAPD complex
molecular markers were conducted to
construct the first white jute genetic
linkage map
Total length 2166.3 cM, including
ten linkage groups (L0D ≥ 3.0), 125
个 marker loci with an average
distance of 17.33cM.
1.Tossa Jute
4.4 DNA Fingerprinting of Jute core germplasm
•30 pairs of SRAP polymorphic primers
• self-developed
software
•35 jute varieties of
DNA fingerprinting.
•Each species has its
own specific DNA
fingerprinting
• USED SMART to construct leaf full length cDNA library of
white jute
• 279 effective EST sequences and splicing obtained 61
unigenes
4.5 cDNA library construction and ESTs analysis
4.6 Study on protein differences of Jute
female sterility
• 4.7 Cloning on jute cellulose
synthase gene fragment BnCesA1
• 4.8 Jute uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) gene Cloning
左图为表达载体pCMBIA1301
酶切后去除GUS基因电泳图;
右图是UGPase cDNA全长连入
pCMBIA1301载体后酶切电泳
图。
5. Jute Comprehensive
Utilization in China
1.For Textile materials :
Applied widely in many products.
Typical Example: Jiangsu Redbud Dyeing Technology Co..Ltd., produce
good jute fiber “ MBARY ” utilizing modern textile
techniques to apply in many products development in
commercial level ……
Cooperation with textile experts Cooperation with Agri-experts
2. Eco-friendly Products and Wall cloth
Geotextiles :
Applied widely basic construction areas, such as
control water and soil erosion, freeway slope
preserving, dam slope preserving, etc.
Bast fiber mulch film: ( Developed by IBFC)
Degrading without pollution;air and moisture
conditioning bi-directionally
Bast fiber mulch film applied in field
Samples of bast fiber mulch film
Wall cloth : more comfortable, showed some good qualities ,
such as natural color, texture and damp proof.
Bio-degumming
Fiber after making up
3. Pulp and Paper Jute containing cellulose like any other raw materials
used for paper pulp, has been found to be an excellent raw material for making good quality pulp and paper.
Advantages:
Requirement of less chemicals than in wood pulping, like chlorine .
Consumption of less energy than traditional wood pulp due to low lignin content of jute
Use of treated wastewater from jute paper mills for irrigation, etc.
4. Jute Non-wovens Stiffness
Higher frictional Properties
Coarseness
Easy rot / biodegradability
Higher moisture absorption characteristics
5. Jute Composites Unbreakable, maintenance free, durable
Fire retardant and water resistant
UV, termite, acid and alkali resistant
Less abrasive
Less costly
Low thermal conductivity
Biodegrable, Renewable, Eco-friendly
Stronger than wood
6. Absorbing Materials (Developed by FAFU)
Jute core can be carbonized in 250~500℃ for lipophilic
absorbent.
Kenaf core carbonized Powder SEM of oil
absorbent(×2000)
7. Handicrafts
8.Mushrooms cultivated with
Jute Sticks
• Technical principles:
designing mushroom nutrients
needed for growth conditions and
creating suitable environmental
conditions for mushroom growth of
planting using peeled stick of Jute
• Technical effectiveness : The
mushroom cultivation experiments
showed that the mushroom yield
using 70% of Jute sticks was
higher than that of the control using
100% straw
9.Healthcare Jute Tea
Healthcare tea was produced by using
the leaflets of vegetable Jute as raw
materials
The jute is rich in the nutrients, with
0.1mg/100g selenium, 747mg/100g
calcium, total dietary fiber 9.4mg/100g,
total amino acids 64.4mg/100g in fresh
stems and leafs of Jute.
These nutrition are benefit to reduce
the chance of high blood pressure, to
improve the immunity and so on.
Two patents has been applied
About FAFU
FAFU
FAFU has four campuses with a total area of 300
hectares.
With 23 colleges, more than 50,000 students and
2,292 faculties and staffs including 800 full
professors/research fellows.
Xi Jinping , General Secretary of CCP, attended the
amalgamation ceremony of the University in 2000 (Xi was
Fujian Provincial Governor at that time).
• 2 national key
programs
• 21 provincial key
programs
• 8 post-doctoral research centers
• 51 doctoral programs
• 89 master’s programs
• 15 master’s programs for in-service
students from higher educational
faculty.
• 7 professional master’s degree
programs
Most of programs at FAFU are agriculture-related
1 Programs
• 7 elected members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
• 1 member of China Extraordinary Professionals and
Technicians
• 10 candidates of National Excellent Young and Middle-aged
Experts
• 10 candidates of China’s “Millions of Talents” Project
• 4 members of the Disciplinary Appraisal Panel of the State
Council’s Academic Degrees Commission
• 142 experts with special government allowance awarded by the
State Council
Possessing 174 talents
at the national level
54 innovative research platforms at the ministry and
provincial levels, including
UN (China) International Research Center for Prevention and Control of Fruit
Flies
National R&D Center of Sugarcane Industry
Sub-centers of National Crops Varieties Improvement Center
National R&D Sub-center for Agricultural Products Processing Technology
Cross-Taiwan-Strait Agricultural Technology Cooperation Center
Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Test Institution under the Ministry of
Agriculture
key laboratories under the Ministry of Agriculture
key laboratories and engineering research center under the Ministry of
Education
International technology cooperation base under the Ministry of Science and
Technology
And other 41 provincial research centers, institutes and laboratories
2 Scientific Research
More than 2000 research
achievements
655 provincial
technological awards
19
11
National Science and Technology Progress
Awards, National Technology Invention
Awards, National Natural Science Awards
Scientific Research Achievements
30
National Science Conference Awards
other national awards that were gained in
collaboration with other institutions
Juncao Technology invented by the researcher Zhanxi Lin is elected into
one of the “Ten Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers” for
assisting Africa which were announced by Chairman Hu Jintao in the
Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation participated by 48
African heads, and one of aiding technological projects to Fiji government
signed by Vice-president Xi Jinping.
3 International Exchange and Development
FAFU has signed cooperation agreements with
over 30 universities in the world.
Visited FAFU and expressed his thanks for the significant contributions Jucao technology has made.
Premier Minister of Papua New Guinea President of Guyana
King of South African Zulu Nation
King of Cambodia
Jute&kenaf
research group
History
Research Center of Genetic,
Breeding and Multiple Utilization
of Jute and Kenaf of FAFU was
founded in 1950’s by Prof. Lu
Haoran, a well-known scientist in
Jute Genetic and Breeding
Inherited by Prof. Zheng(retired)
and Prof. Qi Jian-min
The center has insisted on jute and
kenaf Genetic and Breeding for 64
years with the unremitting efforts
Tra
nsm
ission
Team
A full-time research group, a
total of 11 researchers,
including 2 professors, 3
associate professors and 5
doctors.
A Collaborative research team,
19 researchers totally, including
12 professors, 6 doctors
Researches on agriculture,
biology, engineering,
management, etc.
A stable post-graduate and PhD
team
20-25 graduates engage in Jute
and Kneaf R&D annually.
Genetic breeding
Germplasm
Molecular biology
Proteomics
Agricultural extension
Bio-energy
Developing new products
Achievements
18 national projects
20 provincial
programs since 2000
International corporation on Jute&Kenaf
The cooperation agreements were signed by FAFU and countries such
as Malaysia, Mali, Zambia, Benin.
THANKS!
Welcome to FAFU!