k digital sextant

K DIGITAL SEXTANT

Digital Celestial Navigation Device

1 What is Sextant ?

2 The Necessity of Sextant

① Sextant is the most effective back up device for GNSS problems

② Sextant is independent device that can verify GNSS system.

3 Conventional Sextant Process

4 Only Digital Type Sextant in the World

5 K Digital Sextant Processes

Contents

6 Advantage

7 Performance Data (vs Traditional Sextant)

8 Details of K Digital Sextant

History of Positioning System on Navigation

Celestial Navigation Radio Navigation Global Navigation Satellite System

1 What is Sextant ? (1/2)

Sextant

• have a limits -Contingent on weather, Error by experience and capability. Chronometer needed.

Loran -C

• have a limits - Only works near land

• have an error by interference electronic.

GPS

• The GPS satellite navigation system, has been widely used as the commercial navigation system nowadays for ships

1990sAfter 20CBefore 20C

▣ The Appearance of GNSS Navigation System

The GPS satellite navigation system, has been widely used as the

commercial navigation system nowadays for ships since the 1990s.

▣ Avoidance of the Celestial Navigation

Navigation officers avoid using the traditional celestial positioning methods

because they are complicated in positioning.

The US Navy Academy abolished the celestial navigation curriculum in 1998,

and the US Naval Forces also abolished the celestial navigation course from 2006

Why are you not using the current sextant ?

What is Sextant ?

1 What is Sextant ? (2/2)

Sextant, It is an instrument for measuring the altitude angle between the horizon and a celestial

body such as the Sun, the Moon, or a Star, used in celestial navigation to determine the ship’s

latitude and longitude during voyage.

Nevertheless, Sextant is still important celestial observation device

to conduct parallel indexing on the ocean.

2 The Necessity of Sextant : Back up device for GNSS problems (1/3)

① Sextant is the most effective device for GPS problems on the ocean.

GPS Malfunction

GPSJamming

GPS Failure

When GPS is not working, How to fix ship’s position on the ocean ?

6

Examples of GPS malfunctions (65 cases in 2018, 76+ cases in 2019 )

No.Date of

occurrenceOccurrence location Influence

1 01/15/2018 Austin, TX Automobile

2 12/04/2018 Denver, CO Research

3 11/01/2018 Raleigh-Durham, NC Surveying

4 11/18/2018 Hadera, Israel Marine

5 11/17/2018 Straits of Tiran Marine

6 11/10/2018 North Sea Marine

7 11/11/2018 Usuda, Maui (Hawai - USA) ... Other

8 11/10/2018 Evansville, IN First Responder

9 03/29/2018 York, PA Other

10 11/04/2018 35 - 04.4N, 034 - 48.1E Marine

11 11/01/2018 Haifa Port, Israel Marine

12 10/29/2018 Strait of Hormuz Marine

13 10/21/2018 Santorini, Greece Marine

14 10/22/2018 Fort Collins, CO Timing

15 10/13/2018 Jeddah Port, Saudi Arabia Marine

16 10/16/2018 Leesburg, VA Transportation

17 10/15/2018 Jeddah Port, Saudi Arabia Marine

18 10/08/2018 Huddersfield, UK Communications

19 10/08/2018 Rochester, NY Timing

20 08/01/2018 Lakewood, WA Transportation

21 10/01/2018 Port Said, Egypt Marine

22 09/27/2018 Plymouth, UK Marine

23 09/11/2018 Kabul Communications

24 08/29/2018 Tehran, Iran Communications

25 09/07/2018 Bratislava, Slovakia Automobile

26 09/06/2018 Gulf of Mexico Marine

27 08/20/2018 San Bernardino, CA Transportation

28 08/10/2018 Scottsdale, AZ Other

29 08/11/2018 Qingdao, China Marine

30 08/03/2018 Avon, IN Other


32 07/04/2018T Port Said, Egypt Marine


No.Date of

occurrenceOccurrence location Influence

34 06/28/2018 Rockport, Texas

35 06/28/2018 Ankara, Turkey Other

36 06/15/2018 Powell, Ohio Transportation

37 06/16/2018 Vila do Conde, Brazil Marine

38 06/15/2018 Nashville, Tennessee Other

39 05/26/2018 Yellowknife, Canada Other

40 05/01/2018 Doylestown, Pennsylvania Communications

41 05/10/2018 Fairbanks, Alaska Other

42 05/29/2018 Le Port Reunion Island Surveying

43 05/27/2018 Bend, Oregon Automobile

44 05/18/2018 100NM off Port Said Marine

45 05/18/2018 35 NM North of Egyptian coast Marine


47 05/09/2018 Armenia, Quindio, Columbia Other

48 04/30/2018 Orlando, Florida Aviation

49 04/23/2018 Colorado Springs, Colorado

50 04/17/2018 Romania and Vietnam Marine

51 04/18/2018 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA Marine


53 11/06/2017 Kume Island, Japan Marine

54 03/22/2018 DAMIETTA PORT, Egypt

55 03/21/2018 POST DEP PORT SAID, Egypt Marine

56 03/21/2018 Suez Marine

57 02/01/2017 Breckenridge, Colorado Automobile

58 03/19/2018 Cyprus Marine

59 01/01/2018 Southern Tasmania Marine


61 03/07/2018 San Francisco, California Automobile

6202/19/2018

Washington (USA), Yellowknife

(Canada), Brest (France)Other

63 02/16/2018 West Palm, Florida Marine

64 01/31/2018 Bad Pyrmont, Germany Timing

65 01/08/2018 Hinkley,California Automobile

[Source] U.S Department of Homeland Security – GPS Problem Report 2018~2019

https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?Do=GPSReportStatus


https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?Do=GPSReportStatus

Sextant is becoming increasingly important as GNSS Back-up device.

So, You should learn and understand the celestial navigation with Sextant.

• US Naval Academy decided to drop celestial navigation from the formal curriculum

1998

• US Naval decided to drop the sextant training from the formal curriculum

2006

• US Naval started again celestial navigation training

2011

• US Naval Academy started again celestial navigation classes

2015


▣ Ship Inspection Report (SIRE) Programme (VIQ 6) - 2014 Edition

Chapter 4. Navigation

4.26 Was position fixing including the use of parallel indexing satisfactory throughout the previous voyage and the frequency of plotted fixes in

accordance with the passage plan ?

● Cross-checks position-fixes using independent sources of information: this is particularly important when electronic position-

fixing systems, such as GPS are used as the primary means of fixing the position of the ship;

● Does not become over reliant on automated navigational equipment, including electronic chart systems, thereby failing to make proper

navigational use of visual information;

Notes: At least two methods of position fixing should be charted, where possible. Visual and radar position fixing and monitoring techniques should be

used whenever possible. GPS derived positions should always be verified by alternative methods. The frequency of position

fixing should be such that the vessel cannot run into danger during the interval between fixes. Fixed points such as lighthouses and headlands should

always be used in preference to floating objects, which should be carefully checked for position before being used for parallel indexing.

▣ Ship Inspection Report (SIRE) Programme (VIQ 7) - 2019 Edition

Chapter 4. Navigation

4.17 Are the master and deck officers aware of the requirements of Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) and does the system

fitted meet SOLAS and flag state requirements?

Frequent checks should be made of the ECDIS position fixing system (normally GPS) by the use of other means. Such checks should include:

- Parallel indexing and use of clearing bearings;

- Use of radar to check the accuracy of the charted position by comparing the location of the radar target against the charted symbol, including the

use of radar overlay if fitted.

- Visual cross bearings;

2 The Necessity of Sextant : A device to verify GNSS system (1/2)

② Sextant is independent device that can verify GNSS system.

▣ A Guide to Best Practice for Navigational Assessments and Audits- 2018 Edition

Section 4 – General Navigation

4.01 Celestial navigation is regularly practised by the bridge team members.

Vessels should be supplied with at least one sextant as a part of the navigational equipment. Sextants should be

maintained in line with the maker’s instructions and safely stowed when not in use.

Navigational officers should demonstrate they are familiar with the use of the sextant and have regularly taken

celestial observations (i.e. star sights), daily runs to meridian passage and sun sights, where permitted. These

observations should be recorded on board in an appropriate format.

2 The Necessity of Sextant : A device to verify GNSS system (2/2)

▣ NAVIGATION AND VESSEL INSPECTION CIRCULAR NO. 02-18 - 2018 Edition

GUIDELINES ON QUALIFICATION FOR STCW ENDORSEMENTS AS OFFICER IN CHARGE OF

A NAVIGATIONAL WATCH OF VESSELS OF LESS THAN 500 GT

Assessment Guidelines for Officer in Charge of a Navigational Watch on Vessels of Less Than 500 GT

● 1.1.A Adjust a sextant

"Plan and conduct a passage and determine position"

"Celestial navigation Ability to use celestial bodies to determine the vessel’s position "

3 Conventional Sextant Processes

How to fix your position by Conventional Sextant ?

Chronometer

Complicated

Difficult

Long Time

+

Require additional materials

Specific education / Training is required for all officers !

+ + +

Require basic materials

[Sextant] [Almanac Calendar] [Calculation Sheet] [Plotting sheet & Triangular

ruler]

Calculator

4 Only Digital Type Sextant in the World (1/3)

K Digital Sextant is the first electronic sextant in the world which is certified by CE and FCC.

And this has well combined with the mechanical part of the traditional sextant to fix the position of the

ship very quickly when GPS occurs any problems (Malfunction, Jamming and Failure)

It will be definitely best back up device of GPS during voyage on the ocean.

[ Model: SMN 100DS ]

Short Time

Simple Operation

Easy to use

No need Charts and Tools

K Digital Sextant solves headaches of officers on board

to fix ship’s position on the ocean !

How to fix your position by Conventional Sextant ?

▣ Conventional Sextant

▣ K Digital Sextant

within 1 second after sightingNo training is required !

No need to calculate manually !


Approx. 20 ~ 30 minutes after sighting

VS

SightingTemp, ATM, Height,

Ship Heading

Display

Training Almanac, Chart SightingCalibration Correction Calculation Positioning

Calibration

PrincipleAlgorithm

Automatic

Position Analysis

Function

Automatic GP

Calculation

AlmanacVSOP 87

Embedded Process


Sighting processes

5 K Digital Sextant Process (1/2)

Initial screen Zero Calibration Manual Input Finding Star

1st Fixing 2nd Fixing

Result

Sighting

You can fix ship’s position within a few seconds !!

Celestial Observation Log Print for OCIMF Vessels

Celestial Observation Log by K Digital Sextant

<sample page>

OCIMF Tankers should be cross check ship’s position using independent sources excluding

GPS system and navigation officers should be submitted related log file to OCIMF inspector.

K Digital Sextant Gives You the Optimum Solution !!

5 K Digital Sextant Process (2/2)

16

6 Advantage

- No additional materials are needed for calculation

- Embedded and computerized device

- Taking short time to fix the position

- Reliability of the device

- Certifications of CE, FCC and NET

- Easy operation

- Easy zero calibration thanks to encoder

- 67 Celestial bodies position information

- No additional training is required.

- Celestial Observation Log print for OCIMF Vessels

Simple & Saving your time

Sort K Digital Sextant Traditional Sextant

LCD Display

Altitude Resolution ≤ 10" 10"

Azimuth accuracy ≤ 0.1 ° 0.5 °

Azimuth Resolution ≤ 0.05 ° 0.1 °

Chronometer, Almanac,

Calculator Embedded Separately needed

Calculation time Within 1 Second Approx. 20 ~ 30 Minutes

Comparing the performance with traditional sextant

7 Performance Data (1/2)

Performance Criteria K Digital Sextant Traditional Sextant

Position Calculation

Processing TimeWithin 1 second

Approx. 20min ~ 30min.

(Depending on the expertise of the measurer)

Astronomical Calendar

(Almanac Data)Internal Memory

Need an astronomical calendar for that year

(Annual Renewal Requirement)

Time Synchronization

(Standard Time)Embedded Clock System Additional observation clock is required

Altitude Measurement Errors Below 10“ 10"

Positioning Algorithm Embedded System Manual Type (no applicable matters)

7 Performance Data (2/2)

Comparing the performance with traditional sextant

① Horizon Shade Glasses② Horizon Glass③ Index Shade Glasses④ Index Mirror⑤ Digital Unit⑥ Telescope⑦ Frame⑧ Arc⑨ Index Arm⑩ Release Lever⑪ Light⑫ Vernier ⑬ Micrometer Drum⑭ Light Button⑮ Handle⑯ Limb

②

③

④

⑥

⑦

⑧

⑨

⑩⑪

⑤

⑬

①

⑫

⑯

⑭

⑮

①

②

③ ⑦

⑤ ⑥

④

① Power Button② Select Button③ Down Button④ Up Button⑤ LED to Check Charging Status ⑥ Charging Connector⑦ Display

8 Details of K Digital Sextant (1/4)

Structures of K Digital Sextant

Specification of K Digital Sextant


Processor

SpecificationDescription

Power

Continuous Operating Time(Fully Charged)

Consuming Current

Observable Celestial Bodies

Size/Weight

Working Temperature

Position Calculation Time

ARM® 32-bit processor

5V(DC) 1A Micro-USB

Above 7.5 hours

300 mAh

67 Fixed Stars including the Sun

270(L) X 220(W) X 160(H) / 1.9kg

-20˚C ~ 60˚C

1 sec

LCD 2.8 Inch TFT


Certifications

22

Measurement

FrequencyShielding Rate (dB)

30 MHz 90.0 90.3 89.4 90.4

100 MHz 105.5 105.7 103.6 103.1

500 MHz 108.1 110.6 109.2 108.6

1 GHz 104.4 104.7 104.1 104.8

2 GHz 91.3 90.9 91.5 90.9

3 GHz 101.0 105.4 108.5 107.0

<Shielding Performance Measurement Result> < Shielding Performance Test Report>

8 Details of K Digital Sextant (4/4) : OPTION ITEM

EMP Shielding Case (Shielding Capacity : 100kW) For Navy

Thank you!!

#1137, Suyeong-ro 312, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea

Web Site: http:.//www.kdigitalsextant.com

Tel. : +82-51-610-1137

Fax. : +82-51-610-1136

PIC : Mr. Sean Jung / Global Marketing Director

Mobile : +82-10-9844-4574

Email : [email protected]

FOS INTERNATIONAL Inc.

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