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Publications of the Campaign

1. For everyone: a poster showing water scarcity in the region, the safe poster, a leafletwith reprints of water bills, a booklet on water collection and how to keep the watercollected clean.

2. For children: Zamzam and Uncle Hamza story, The Water Bank booklet, the shortstory Zamzam Tells Us.

3. A 20 minute long documentary film was produced in partnership with WRAP. Itsummarizes the problems of water in Palestine. 12 TV messages, and a video clipsong were also recorded,

4. Five editions of Al-Ayyam daily contained a page on Water and Environment.

5. An 8 pages separate section in Al-Ayyam.

6. A booklet on the Campaign and its philosophy in Arabic and English.

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4

1. We are plagued with the reality that we have limited water resources and this natureresource is continuously being depleted. This entails that we must change the way welive because these things hold the meaning of life in them and in wasting them we arechallenging the very basis of our existence.

2. The campaign is only one component of the type of activities needed to improve thesituation of water resources in Palestinian society. We still have to set well defined goalslike providing 20% more water for consumption, and lowering the pollution levels by30% by the year 2000.

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Future Activitiesi

1. As the 22nd of March, the International Water Day, approached it was our intension toinitiate a week of activities to celebrate the occasion and connect it to the 30th of ijUarch,Land Day. The two occasions have many things in common. 1998 will be the first yearfor this elongated celebration which hopefully will become an annual event.

2. The Hebron area was chosen as the center of activities which will include a theatricalpresentation by Nakhleh Al-Shiber. Many other activities are planned.

3. A roaming theater company will visit a number of selected villages. Shows will beadapted to deal specifically with the situation in every village.

4. In order to achieve long range objectives, like building recycling plants, it is necessary tocreate pressure groups within the community. Such pressure groups can play a majorrole in lobbying for new laws such as digging of wells close to homes. We encourage theformation of such pressure groups which are to be comprised of NGO's as well asgovernmental institutions.

5. Vocal training activities are to continue in order to create larger outreach and target areas.

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The Media

1. Partners were changing all the time, save one: The Palestinian Water Authority. Howeverfrom the beginning of 1997 the Environment Department in the Ministry of Planning,and the newly established Palestinian Environment Authority joined in to take part in amajor media campaign.

2. A color poster with the Arabic slogan 'Your water tank is your safe deposit box, yourwater is dearer than gold' was distributed. 15 street billboards were erected in differentplaces^

3. Al-Ayyam daily newspaper issued a separate 8 page supplement on March 22 dealingwith various activities about water and the environment.

4. Simultaneously TV films about the environment were broadcast weekly, each was45 minutes long; two dealt with water. They were produced by the EnvironmentDepartment in the Ministry of Planning. More TV programmes are planned, this timewith audience participation.

5. 12 TV messages have recently been produced. Each is between 50-60 seconds long.Although several partners took part the whole series is about water, with an emphasis onthe illegal practices and how to deal with them.

6. A video clip showing a conversation between a peasant and a cloud in the form of a songwas produced.

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Water Activities in Festivals

1. Our Water Campaign was represented at the Palestine International Festival in the years1995-1997, as we strived to create an overlap between all dimensions affecting thePalestinian Society, merging culture with real life problems.Nakhleh Al-Shiber performed with the personified water drop Zamzam. A song aboutwater, especially composed for the campaign, was broadcast daily on the festival'sscreen and it was integrated in a UNDP documentary on water resources.

2. The Mediterranean Festival 1995 in Gaza was an opportunity to address the graveproblems Gazans encounter including the large quantity of salt in their water supply.

3. During the Nowaar Neesan Festival two persons dressed as Zamzam walked the streetsofRamallah.

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Training Courses

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1. In partnership with WRAP, and in coordination with the Bradford University, twocourses were held, one in Gaza and the other in BirZeit university. 30 personsparticipated in each course. The UNDP coordinator was sent to England to participate ina similar course attend by representatives from African and Middle Eastern countrieswith similar backgrounds.

2. In June and July 1996 the UNDP hosted two British experts, who trained municipalpersonnel on maintenance work. Each of the following municipalities got one week oftraining: Qarara-Khan Yunis, Deir Al-Balah, Toubas, Khuzaah, Abasan Little, AbsanGreat, Bani Suhayla.

3. In KhanYunis two further workshops were held, with the aim of exploring the problemsof water and drainage. 4 women were employed at the end of the workshops to do fieldwork. They would spent 3 months visiting homes and other places to inquire aboutproblems and try to provide answers. They held 11 discussion sessions where over 400women took part, and visited some 500 homes. In Ramadan/ January 1998, ninesessions were held in mosques and were attended by 430 women and 92 children.

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4

1. Three partners joined the UNDP in the maintenance campaign: the Qalandia VocationalTraining Center, the Nablus Municipality, and the Jerusalem Water Undertaking (JWU)in Ramallah.

2.12 vocal trainees constituted 3 groups according to their place of residence in Ramallahand Nablus. They provided 110 homes, schools, mosques, etc. with maintenanceservices within the limits of their knowledge. Engineers from Nablus Municipality andthe Ramallah Branch accompanied them. This maintenance campaign lasted for 6weeks.

i. Among the aims of the campaign was an attempt to bridge the gap between people andthe authorities, and create a social consensus regarding the way of life we want toachieve.

4. The sheer fact that 12 students were able to cover 110 locations in 6 weeks leads one toconsider seriously the benefits to society that could be achieved if this activity was to berepeated by various organizations and authorities.

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7. Here are some comments by participating teachers: IL- " In spite of attending several workshops in the past, this is the first time I really take wpart in the discussion".- " I need many more copies to give to 41 UNRWA schools ".- " Time was flying. I will think differently of workshops from now on".

8. Each school formed its Environment and Sanitation committee. In October the groupvisited the schools and organized workshops in each of them. &

9. By following the process of comparing our expectations before visiting a certain schooland our impressions thereafter the group learned different things:- ample notice should be given prior to any change in the schedule, in order to avoidunnecessary disappointments and waste of efforts.- having seats arranged in a circle, so that each student could see all and be seen by all, isnot necessarily the best seat arrangement; as students are not accustomed to this kind ofeye contact, and any sudden change may produce a negative reaction.- consistent follow up is extremely important. A phone call is not enough. Several visits,and forming a school committee is necessary before the school feels "ownership" of theproject.

10. The final meeting which was held on 17.5.1996 and consisted of a large conference andpress conference at the same time. It was organized mainly by students, who displayed ahigh degree of discipline and organization. It included music shows, plays, paintingexhibition, and video films all carried out by the students. Papers on water andenvironment were also submitted by students. It was an exciting and useful day.

11. Lessons learned from working with schools: the proper channels should be used to gainaccess to different kinds of schools, the work plan should be flexible, schools should be , -given enough time to prepare.

H

• Water Campaign In Schools

4

4

1. January 95: 85% of respondents to our poll were under 18 years old. It was decided thatschools were the most suitable place to begin. After coordinating with the Ministry ofEducation, UNRWA, and two private schools, we began to establish the methods to befollowed. 6 schools were chosen, two from each of the three above mentioned streams.Starting point was set at the beginning of the school-year in September.

2. Schools were particularly important because they provided access to the society as awhole, through pupils of different ages and of both sexes, teachers, government officialsin the Ministry, and parents.

3. It was clear from the start that the aim was to change the attitudes. All of the involvedunderwent a process of increasing their own knowledge by learning and enhancing thenotion of community work and that of public property.

4. Different organizations were involved in the working group, and after a great deal ofpreparation it was possible to convene a meeting of teachers from the 6 schools. Thishappened on August 14,1995, a whole day event. In which:

5. We began by trying to define the environment. Then everyone set his/her expectations onpaper. The teachers were meant to go through the same experience which their studentswould eventually go through.

6. Cleanliness emerged as the most important concern of the teachers. They identifiedseveral causes for lack of it: the students are not aware of certain dangers; parents are notalways cooperative; there is a lack of respect for public properties, lack of maintenance.

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• Partnership of Two Campaigns: Water Preservation andReading • • • ^ ^ • • • • ^ • • ^ • • • • • • • • • • • • M M H M H M I

1. From the start the UNDP wanted to benefit from already up and running campaigns byforming certain types of relationships. It was quite suitable to join hands with Tamer intheir Reading Campaign as many of the aims are similar or identical. The joint effortproduced several activities:

2. School Workshops: Dr. Sonia Nimer and Rasha Hammami came from Britain. Theyworked with pupils in 3 schools giving them two main exercises:One was to form neighborhood committees to assess the need for water, and to explain tothe municipal authorities these needs. The aim was to make the information look as realas possible, to enhance the ability to work as a group, to substitute marks as an incentivewith useful challenges, and to make it possible to arrive at results without having to befed with information by the grown-ups.The other was to find extra amounts of water, or ways of redistributing the existingamounts in the case of failing to find enough extra water.

3. Presentations by the symbolic theatrical character of Nakhleh Al-Shiber teaming up with

Zamzam. More than 3000 pupils attended.

4. Summer Camp participants learned crafts related to water supply.

5. Press communique: published in 6 local papers and broadcast by the Voice of Palestine.It explained the philosophy of both campaigns.

6. Posters, leaflets, flags, T-shirts, book-markers, etc. with slogans of both campaignsprinted on them were distributed.

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• Situation Assessment, and Identification of Starting Points—

1. When the "Preserve and Protect Water Resources" campaign was launched by the UNDPand WRAP in the spring of 1994, it was well established that the society itself was to bethe real counterpart. Two workshops were convened for institutions and interestedindividuals to initiate the project one was held at BirZeit University in the West Bankand the other in Rashad Al-Shawa Center in Gaza.

2. Press advertisements were helpful in getting responses to the campaign. Theinvolvement of a well known local designer, Khalil Abu Arafe, helped to give thecampaign an artistic and professional touch.

3. The character of Zamzam, the personified water drop, was introduced to the community.

4. A small poll was carried out to gauge the success of the advertisements. It showed,among other things, that the youth, in particular, are the most interested.

5. The youth have since been placed at the top of the agenda. The Ministry of Education hasbeen targeted as a major partner to co-operate with.

6. Summer 1995: work began with male and female teachers from 6 public, private andUNRWA schools.

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1. The Campaign is intended to be an initial catalyst for a continuing gradual process ofchange. The campaign is not only directed at the community, but is also intended to becarried out by members of the community.

2. Awareness involves adopting new issues and concepts in a process of active learning,rather than passive teaching.

3. As Palestinians are currently undergoing a transitional stage with rapid daily changes theneed for intensive awareness campaigns becomes more pressing.

4. WRAP: The Water Resources Action Programme embraces various institutions andpersons with special experience. It operates within the Palestinian Water Authority.

5. The Campaign to Encourage the Habit of Reading in the Palestinian Society waslaunched in 1992 by the Tamer Institute for Community Education, and was deemed as asignificant campaign to join efforts with. The theatrical character of Nakhleh Eshiberwas developed at the Tamer Institute, Nakhleh has since offered children and adults anopportunity to laugh and learn.

6. The Nowaar Neesan Festival was a week long, hopefully annual, festival that waslaunched in April 1996. It intends to promote culture and arts for children within thecommunity.

7. The International Palestine Festival is an annual cultural festival which began in 1993. Itlasts for approximately 10 consecutive days. Dance and music troupes representingcountries from all over the world have participated in this yearly event.

8. The Summer Days is an arts and crafts training program targeting young boys and girlsbetween the agesof 12and 16. It is an annual event organized by the Tamer Institute.

9. The Mediterranean Festival is a Gaza based musical and cultural gathering which wasinitiated in 1995.

/ ^ 1 0 . Zamzam is the name of the water drop that appears in our literature. The name was"* suggested in 1995 by Waheed Hazem Awwad, 11 years, at the time and a pupil of the

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Introduction

4

1. The main aim of documenting the UNDP's campaign to keep and protect water resourcesis to help accumulate experience for the sake of providing solid basis for future efforts.

2. Many people took part in the projects and workshops of the campaign. It would not bepossible to acknowledge every effort. We apologize to those whose names or the namesof their institutions were not mentioned.

3. The arrangement of chapters in this study is not strictly chronological.4. This project: From 1985 the UNDP has been providing the Palestinian society with infra-

structure related assistance, especially in the field of water resources.The establishment of the Water Resources Administration Programme, WRAP, was amove necessary to have a solid partner in this project: the Campaign for Keeping andProtecting Water Resources.

5. In August 1994 two preliminary workshops were held in Gaza and Birzeit. It emergedtherefrom that the Campaign should target all sectors of the society. The youth are to getspecial attention, as they play a dual role of benefiting from the activities, and being amajor factor in making changes happen in society especially in the long run.

6. It has been agreed that water is both a right and a responsibility, and that a campaignagainst wasting it does not contradict with the Palestinian rights regarding the share inwater they get.

7. As theyouth are the main factor for change, it would be sensible to provide them not onlywith sets of rules regarding water, but also with a set of values. They should learn torespect the efforts made in order to keep water as well as make such efforts themselves.

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•§: Preface i

1. As Palestinians take more and more control of their own affairs, the issue of water, andtheir share in it, becomes more important to them, and more central to their lives thanever before.

2. The UNDP wants to help the Palestinian people be more aware of the importance ofkeeping water, and protecting their rights in their share of it.

3. This study aims at explaining what has been achieved by the UNDP's campaign to keepwater and combat wasting it, and how the society reacted towards the different aspectsof the campaign.

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