kaist wireless power transmission research center · kaist wireless power transmission research...

KAIST Wireless Power Transmission Research Center KAIST Munji Campus

193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Dejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea

Tel.+82.42-350-6683 Fax.+82.42-350-6689 www.smfir.co.kr

CONTENTS

Progress Achieved 6

Background 8

The World’s First to Develop the SMFIR Technology 9

OLEV Bus Technology 12

OLEV Train Technology 14

Key Research Achievements 17

Commercial service of OLEV at Gumi City 22

Future Applicable Areas 25

Media Reports 30

www.smfir.co.kr 7KAISTWireless Power Transfer Research Center6

4. Second-generation OLEV bus 5. OLEV town shuttle 6. On-line electric car

1. Early-stage OLEV model 2. Early-stage OLEV model 2 3. First-generation OLEV bus

7. First-generation electric tram 8. Second-generation electric tram 9. OLEV bus at Expo Yeosu

10. KAIST on-campus OLEV shuttle 11. 60-kHz high-capacity catenary-free OLEV tram under study

12. Opening ceremony for the pilot OLEV bus service

14. Demonstration of wireless-charging technology for 1-MW rapid-transit railways

15. Pilot service project in Sejong13. Launch of commercial OLEV bus service in Gumi

Tasks for new growth engines were selected (at the 29th meeting of the National Science and Technology Council).OLEV SMFIR technology development project.The OLEV appeared on CNN’s live show, Eye on South Korea.Started the construction of infrastructure for a pilot project in Seoul Grand Park.

Completed the Seoul Grand Park OLEV tram pilot project and started test runs.OLEV-based transport system technology development project [KRW15 billion from the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy]. OLEV promotion during the G20 Seoul Summit.The KAIST OLEV was named as one of Time magazine’s World’s 50 Best Inventions of 2010 TIME Magazine.

2010

Jan. 13May. 01Oct. 21Nov. 09

Mar. 09May. 01Nov. 11Nov. 22

Held the OLEV symposium 2011 (KAIST).Launched the commercial service of OLEV trams at Seoul Grand Park. Organized companies for commercial promotion at home and abroad.Domestic: OLEV Co., Ltd. (Sep. 2011), Overseas: OLEV Tech (Mar. 2011)A project for the development of contactless high-power supply/pickup technology [Korea Rail Network Authority]A first-year project for the development of the eco-friendly contactless power transfer public transport system [Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs]

2011

OLEV exhibition and operation at Expo 2012 Yeosu, Korea.Construction of standard power infrastructure in the Vehicle Safety Research Institute. Certification of OLEV buses and power infrastructure.Start of the KAIST on-campus OLEV circulator shuttle service.A second-year project for the development of the eco-friendly contactless power transfer public transport system[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport]

2012

Succeeded in an initial test on 60-kHz high-capacity wireless power transfer technology (Osong Catenary-Free Tram Test Course).The OLEV technology was named as one of “the top 10 emerging technologies for 2013” by the World Economic Forum (WEF in Davos). Entered into an OLEV bus pilot project agreement with Gumi.Verification and successful demonstration of 60-kHz wireless power supply technology applicable to catenary-free trams.Opening ceremony for the pilot OLEV bus service in Gumi.

May. 18Jul. 19Sep.Sep.Oct.Dec.

The 1st Jeju International Electric Vehicle Expo conference.Launch of commercial OLEV bus service in Gumi. A National Assemble debate on wireless charging systems.Demonstrated the application of 1-MW wireless power transmission technology to high-speed railways.Honored with an UIC Innovation Award.A technology development project for commercialization of a low-cost OLEV bus system-Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.

2014 Mar. 19 Mar. 25Apr. 17May. 20Dec. 03Dec. 29

Technology display at the 2nd Jeju International Electric Vehicle Expo and an opening ceremony for the pilot service.Signed an MOU with the Municipality of Medellin, Columbia.Exhibited selected inventions in celebration of the Day of Inventions.Pilot service project in Sejong.A safety technology development project for a wireless power supply system for urban railways-Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. IEC Internation standard Conference.

2015 Mar. 6~15Apr. 17May. 19Jun.Jun.

Jun. 9~12

May. ~ Aug.Oct.Oct.Oct. 04Nov.

Feb. 13Feb. 15

Mar. 06Jun. 04Aug. 06

2013

2009

Progress Achieved


Research efforts are needed to overcome limitations.

Petroleum energy getting exhaustedEnvironmental pollution

Controls on CO2¸emissions

Battery Problems

Full-ScaleCommercialization

Charging Problems

Increasing need for development of EVs

An advanced concept-based OLEV system which can be wirelessly powered on a real-time basisprovides a solution to the technical barriers of battery-only electric vehicles.

Long charging timeLow efficiency

Low safetyLow user convenience

Heavy weightHigh priceBulky size

Short operating range

The contactless charging SMFIR technology enables electric vehicles to be charged while at rest or in motion and thusprovides a solution to the barriers to their commercialization such as the problems of batteries and charginginfrastructure. This will be a driving force for national competitiveness in the future electric vehicle market.

The technology development achievements of the OLEV bus will create positive ripple effects when applied to cars, BRTs,railroad systems and other wireless power transmission systems.

The acquisition of SMFIR technology will drive us to a leading position in the future OLEV transport system market bypromoting our international competitiveness in the market.

KAIST is the world’s first to develop the Shaped Magnetic Field in Resonance (SMFIR) technology that helps safely transfer a large amount of energy to electric vehicles when they are running or stationary. Based on the SMFIR technology, our OLEV transport system is wirelessly powered through a power grid embedded under the road. A pickup device installed under the vehicle works to collect the magnetic field efficiently from under-road power cables andconvert it into electric energy for vehicle operation.

Amperes lawMagnetic flux B

(travels through air) Generated VoltageFaradays law

(induction)Source Current

- The possibility to commercialize OLEV buses is demonstrated by securing an air gap, power transfer efficiency and capacity for their commercial operation and solving the problem of electromagnetic safety.

Acquisition of SMFIR technology for 20-kHz wireless power transmission

Pick-up device

Power line

CapacitorCable

Core

Shaped Magnetic Field in Resonance

※ Requirements for commercial operation :

- Air gap : 20 cm

- Power transfer efficiency : 85%

- Power collection capacity : 100 kW

- EMF : Max. 62.5 mG

Background The World’s First Development of SMFIR Technology


Acquisition and successful testing of technology for wireless power transmission at 60 kHz

- A high-capacity, high-efficiency, low-cost power supply and pickup system for use at 60 kHz was developed to promote the availability of wireless-charging technology for catenary-free trams and railroads.

- The technology for 60-kHz wireless power-feeding was demonstrated in the Osong Catenary-Free Tram Test Course. - The application of 60-kHz wireless power-feeding technology to catenary-free trams was demonstrated in public June 4, 2013.

※ Achievements- Air gap : 10 cm- Power transfer efficiency : 85%- Power collection capacity : 180 kW

Catenary-free tram

The world’s first success in the application of a 1-MW wireless power transmission system to high-speed trains- The application of a 1-MW wireless power transmission system to high-speed trains was demonstrated in public on May 20, 2014. - The demonstration took place at the Uiwang High-Speed Railway Test Course.- The new innovative system in the railway industry was honored with an UIC Innovation Award.

[1.2-MW Power Inverter]

[Route Plan]Section 1 [47m] Section 2 [128m]

60-kHz power lineVehicle-mounted pickup

Regulator

OLEV Bus Technology

KAISTWireless Power Transfer Research Center www.smfir.co.kr12 13

Features

Existing roads are used like charging stations, so electric buses can be wirelessly charged in real time while running on the road. This increases the user convenience and safety of electric vehicles.

1. Powered and charged while in motion

Power supply infrastructure costs less because it is built on up to 2-15 percent of the entire service route including start and end points, bus stops, crossroads and parking areas.

2. Construction of power supply infrastructure on 2-15% of the entire service route

Safety is ensured by the application of segmentation technology which recognizes OLEVs only and supplies them with electric power through a pickup device installed under the vehicle body.

3. Application of segmentation technology to secure safety

It is possible to maintain the competitive advantages in vehicle price and infrastructure construction cost over battery-integrated electric vehicles.

4. Price competitiveness and cost effectiveness

The spread of electric vehicles is promoted by overcoming constraints on their commercialization such as battery problems (i.e., in price, weight, mileage and charting time) and charging equipment problems and making a breakthrough in the commercial service of electric vehicles.

5. A new breakthrough in the commercial service of electric vehicles

The development of SMFIR technology enables us to occupy a technologically advantageous position and provides a new driving force forgrowth in the industry of wireless charging solutions (for example, for transportation systems, handheld devices and home appliances).

6. Technological preoccupation to create a new engine for industrial growth

Based on the SMFIR technology for 20-kHz wireless power transfer, our eco-friendly OLEV bus is wirelessly powered through a power gridembedded under the road. A pickup device installed under the vehicle works to collect the magnetic field from under-road power cables andconvert it into electric energy for vehicle operation.- Power supply infrastructure is built on less than 5 percent of the entire service route including start and end points, bus stops, crossroads and

parking areas, and the segmentation is applied to recognize OLEVs only and supply them with electric power.

Concept & Principle

PPoowweerreedd TTrraacckk

BBaatttteerryy Capacity reduced to 1/3

Business-competitive under-road power supply

PPiicckkuupp SSyysstteemmHighly efficient power collection at vehicle underbody

PPoowweerr IInnvveerrtteerr

3phase

440V/60Hz

200A

20kHz

Power line

Powerinverter

3phase440V/60Hz

200A20kHz

Regulator

Segment Segment SegmentSegment Segment

Battery

MotorInverter

Bus-only lane Dramatic reduction in battery prices Shock-free contactless wireless recharging to ensure user safety and convenience

No need to build costly charging facilitiesMuch greater cost effectiveness than existing

electric cars

OLEV Train Technology


Based on the SMFIR technology for high-capacity, high-efficiency low-cost 60kHz power supply and pickup systems, the train is wirelesslypowered through a power grid built on tracks. A high-capacity pickup device installed under the train works to collect the magnetic field from on-track power cables and convert it into electric energy for train operation.

Concept & Principle

Battery Power Pickup Power Supply Track

Power Supply

Power Pickup

Inverter

3phase440V/60Hz

400A60kHz

On-track Power Line

Battery

MotorPower Pickup Module

Removal of catenaries and pantographs

Smaller tunnel cross-section area and reducedconstruction cost

Improved urbanappearance / Reducedmaintenance cost andnoise

Features

Developed to A 60-kHz power supply/pickup system applicable to catenary-free trams and high-speed railroads has been developed for the improvement of wireless charging capability.

1. Increased applicability of wireless charging technology

The application of SMFIR technology to railroad systems provides a solution to the problems with conventional wiring and contributes to a paradigm shift in the entire railroad system.

2. Strengthening of technical competitiveness in the future railroad industry

Since the contactless power supply is adopted, the wearing of the power supply system does not take place and thus the maintenance costs are reduced.

3. Reduction in railroad facility maintenance cost

At high speeds, abnormal contact or noise between pantographs and catenaries.

4. Safer and noise-free high-speed running

The appearance of streetscapes in urban areas is improved because there is no need for catenary facilities such as power poles, and facility building costs decrease because smaller areas are required for railroad sites and tunnels.

5. Improvement of urban appearance and reduction in building cost

6. A new breakthrough in the commercial service of electric vehicles

Inverter

� Honored with an Innovation Award for our wireless power transmission system - By the International Union of Railways (UIC) on Dec. 3, 2014.

www.smfir.co.kr 17

Key Research Achievement

� Selected as one of the world’s top 10 future and emerging technologies - At the World Economic Forum (WEF in Davos) on Feb. 15, 2013.

Named to one of the Top 10 Future and Emerging Technologies and 50 Best Inventions lists; andhonored with an UIC Innovation Award.

� Selected as one of the world’s 50 best inventions - By American newsmagazine Time on Nov. 22, 2010.

� Publication of quality articles

- Proceedings of the IEEE, Coil Design and Shielding Methods for a Magnetic Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System (Apr. 2013) - IEEE Spectrum, Charging Up the Road (Apr. 2013)



● With the construction of power supply infrastructure on the circular road, research achievements were verified in terms of at-rest or

in-motion charging, segmentation, optimal power distribution and EMF shielding.

● Licensed to run the OLEV tram service in Seoul National Park (Dec. 2012).

● Power supply infrastructure : Built on the 2.2-km circular road over 372.5 meters (16%).

Start of commercial service in July 2011 with power supply infrastructure built throughthe Seoul Grand Park pilot project

● The OLEV service was operated on a 600-meter route between the energy park and production plant during the Yeosu Expo

(May through Aug. 2012).

● Power supply infrastructure : Built on the 600-meter road over 36 meters (6%).

Construction and operation of pilot OLEV service infrastructure during the Yeosu Expo 2012

● Two 42-seater OLEV buses travel a 3,760-meter circular route 16 times a day each, with a carrying capacity of up to 1,344 passengers.

● The addition of shuttle service routes (to Munji and Wolpyeong Station) is under consideration.

● Power supply infrastructure : Built on the 3,760-meter road over 60 meters (1.6%).

Construction of commercial OLEV power supply infrastructure and operation of the on-campus OLEV shuttle service (from Oct. 2012)

● The world’s first intra-city OLEV bus service on public roads

● A bus route connecting between the Gumi station and Indong

● Power supply infrastructure : Built to cover 144 meters (0.6) of the 32-km round-trip route

Launch of commercial service in Gumi (Mar. 25, 2014)


Establishment of the world’s first legal system base for commercialization of new technology

Category Progress Status

∙Completion of frequency allocation for EMF application equipment (19-21 kHz or 59-61 kHz)Frequency

Competent Authority

Korea Communications Commission

∙A revision to the Roads Act Enforcement Decree- An exceptive clause was newly added regarding the burial depth of OLEV charging facilities.

Road Structure Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport

∙Electric safety standards for OLEVs- Private-road certification standards : Finalized - Public-road certification standards : Finalized

Electric Safety Ministry of Knowledge Economy

∙Vehicle safety standards for OLEVs- Vehicle certification standards for closed-area service : Finalized- Vehicle certification standards for open-area service : To be finalized in April 2013

VehicleCertification

Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport

∙International standard for wireless charging systems- The international standard for 61980 (electric-car wireless charging systems) in IEC TC69 WG4 is on the table for adoption

InternationalStandard

Korea Agency forTechnology and Standards

Category Certification Criterion Outcome

Vehicle EMFArticle 111-2 (Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing)

of the Rule on the Automobile Safety Standards

High-power electric device

Article 18-2 (High-Power Electric Devices) of the Rule on the Automobile Safety Standards

Band of 30 MHz -1 GHz: Satisfied the Automobile Safety

Standards.

Insulation resistance: 500 MΪor more

(Actual measurement: 870 MΪ)

Vehicle

Verifier by

Vehicle SafetyResearch Institute

Power inverterEN 50178 Electric equipment for use in power

installations

Power cableLSS12-3A48 Rev.1

(Electric Power Cable Safety Standards)

Satisfied

Satisfied

Pickup cableLSS12-3A116 Rev.1

(Electric Power Cable Safety Standards)Satisfied

Electric Safety

KESCO Safety Certification Center

Korea TestingCertification

Korea TestingCertification

Vehicle EMF Article 111-2 of the Rule on the Automobile Safety Standards

EMF (human protectionstandards)

IEC 62110 Standard : 62.5 mG (6.25uT) / 20 kHz

Satisfied

Satisfied

Compressive strength KS F 2405 / 30 MPa or more31.2 MPa

(Compatible)

EMF Safety

Road Safety

Busan Techno Park

Korea ResearchInstitute of Standards

and Science

Korea ConformityLaboratories

Flexural strengthKS F 2408 / 3-point loading system

(0.7 MPa or more)Compatible

Korea ConformityLaboratories

Business Development Status

Location Progress Description

United States

Denmark

Columbia Signed an MOU with Medellin (Apr. 17, 2015)

Seoul MOU between Seoul and KAIST MOU (Aug. 11, 2009)

Sejong A pilot project for OLEV bus service (from Jun. 2015)

A pilot project under consideration for the Massport Authority’s Boston Rogan Airport (2013)

A pilot project under consideration for City of Kolding (2013)Overseas Business

Domestic Business

� All necessary certifications have been obtained with vehicle certification as of July 9, 2013.

Professional verification and public certification of commercialized technology (for electricity, EMC, road structure and vehicle)

Signed an MOU with the Municipality of Medellin, Colombia


LOI for OLEV Bus Service in Columbia (in Korean) LOI for OLEV Bus Service in Columbia (in Spanish)

Commercial service of OLEV at Gumi City


The bus service is made available with the certified commercial-level OLEV technology applied to the trial route on actual road. This helps us find possible problems and correct them and contributes to promoting the spread of OLEV buses.

OLEV Service Promotion

Gumi City’s Future Plan

� The introduction of the electric bus service will bring about an innovation in the public transportation system..

- Electric buses will be available on trunk roads and serve circular routes through service roads.

� The electric bus service will be introduced onto trunk roads for 2015 and subsequently expanded every year.

Expected Effects

� As the pilot bus service in Gumi is undertaken as part of the low-carbon green growth project, it gives the ‘carbon-free city’ image to the city.

- Gumi is more likely to achieve its greenhouse gas reduction target as part of its ‘100 pledges’ program.

� Gumi’s “green” policy initiative contributes to improving the city’s public image.

� As people are given the opportunity to experience the OLEV bus service, the public pays more attention to eco-friendly

public transportations with a more positive view of them.

� The excellence of OLEV buses becomes known to the public as the bus service is provided to sections with lots of passenger traffic.

OLEV bus service: Two buses (standard non-step model)

Service Construction Scale

Route: 32-km round-trip route connecting between Gumi Station and Indong

Section Between Length (km) Road Description

Total Gumi Station and Indong High School 12

Section 1 Gumi Station and KBS Intersection 2.6 4-lane road in both directions

Section 2 KBS Intersection and Export Tower Rotary 1.8 8-lane or 10-lane road in both directions

Section 3 Export Tower Rotary and Indong Square 5 6-lane road in both directions

6-lane or 8-lane road in both directionsSection 4 Indong Square and Indong High School 2.6

Power line

Powerinverter

3phase440V/60Hz

200A20kHz

Regulator

Segment Segment SegmentSegment Segment

Battery

MotorInverter

Bus-only lane


Future Applicable Areas

- Step 1 : Catenary-free trams, rapid transit railways and light-rail transit systems- Step 2 : All catenary-using railroad vehicles including KTX and subway trains

1. Wireless power transmission technology applicable to railroad vehicles

- Sharing compact OLEV cars which can interwork with public transport vehicles (i.e., buses and trains)- The spread of electric cars can be promoted with the development of compact OLEV cars.

2. Development of wireless charging systems for compact cars

- Development of a power pickup device for RTG- Development of a power pick device for YT - Development of power supply infrastructure for seaports

3. OLEV port transportation system technology for construction of an eco-friendly port system

1) Preoccupation of the future market2) Applicability in a wide range of electricity industry areas 3) Job creation and other economic effects

4. Expected Effects

Handheld Devices / Home Electronics

Laptops, mobile phones, portable players, TV and home appliances

Robot Systems

For domestic, industrial and military purposes

Automobiles

City buses, shuttle buses, express buses,taxis, passenger cars, golf carts, trucks and transport vehicles in large-scalecomplexes (e.g., factories and harbors)

Airports / Seaports

Airport buses and RTG/YT

Outdoor Leisure

Safari, boating and

amusement parks

Railroad Systems

BRT, PRT, light rails, subways and high-speed trains

SMFIR-basedand -derivedtechnologies



Source : KRRI

1. Urban Transport Systems

� Bimodal Tram

�Carrying capacity : 93 people (with 29 seats)�Propulsion : Hybrid (CNG + fuel cell)�Min. turning radius of 12 m, automatic driving and precise braking �Flexibility of bus service, punctuality of light-rail transit and

demand for rail-based transport

Source : KRRI

� Korean PRT

�Carrying capacity : 1,200 people per hour �Power supply method: Contactless power supply �Global market prospect : Approx. KRW16.2 trillion (in 2020)

Source : KRRI

� Catenary-Free Tram

�Max. speed : 70km/h�Carrying capacity : 200 people per organize�Vehicle : 5 modules and 1 organize

(7, 9 or 11 modules depending on demand)�Min. radius of curve of 25 m, and interior noise level of ≤70 dB(A)

� OLEV Bus

�Contactless large-energy transfer �Battery capacity reduced (1/5 of existing electric vehicles)�Power supply infrastructure on about 20% of all routes �Rechargeable while in motion on the road.

Source : KRRI

� Korean light-rail transit system

�Max. speed : 70 km/h �Carrying capacity : 100 people per car �Control method : Automated unmanned driving �Aluminum bodywork and rubber wheel one-axle truck

Source : KRRI

� Next-Generation Electric Rail Car

�Energy consumption (-20%) : Light-weight bodywork and DDM

�Maintainability (+20%) : DDM, full electric control, and minimized number of parts

�Reliability (+20%) : Distributed propulsion and duplex control unit

�Carrying capacity (+10%) : Acceleration/deceleration improved and headway shortened

�Passenger convenience (+30%) : Extensible gangway and air conditioning unit

�Environmental friendliness (+10%) : Recyclable interior material and eco-friendly refrigerant

Source : KRRI

� Shallow Subway

�Min. radius of curve : 15 m �Vertical grade : <9% �Low-noise rail and low-cost construction �Running performance: Comparable to that of automobiles

Source : KRRI

� Mountain Railway

�Max. speed : 70 km/h�Carrying capacity : 300 people per organize�Climbing ability : 200



Source : KRRI

2. Interregional/Intercontinental Transport Systems

� 500km/h High-Speed Train

�Carrying capacity : 93 people (with 29 seats) �Propulsion : Hybrid (CNG + fuel cell) �Min. turning radius of 12 m, and automatic driving and precise braking�Flexibility of bus service, punctuality of light-rail transit and demand

for rail-based transport

Source : KRRI

� Advanced-Material Tilting Train

�Max. speed : 200 km/h �Carrying capacity : 278 seats per organize�Titling performance : Max. 8 degrees �Carbon fiber body work �Electromechanical tilting EMU

Source : KRRI

� Deep-Underground Great Train Express

�Min. radius of curve : 15 m �Vertical grade : <9% �Low-noise rail and low-cost construction �Running capacity : Comparable to that of automobiles

Source : KRRI

� Underwater Railway

�Tunnel’s cross-sectional area: 98 m2

�Structure : Steel and concrete �Gravity-type mooring system �Anti-derailing guardrails

Source : KRRI

3. Logistics Systems and Others

� High-Speed Rail System for Freight Transport

�Transport of high-value-added freight at 300km/h �Operation on existing high-speed railway networks �Transport of up to 166 tons per organize by KTX-Sancheon

Source : KRRI

� Railway-Port Connection System

�Shortens the waiting time of vessels in a port�Enables simultaneous loading and unloading �Provides a solution to problems due to tidal differences

Source : KRRI

� Future Underground Logistics System

�Makes use of downtown underground spaces as a future freight transport system

�Runs a underground logistics route connecting major sub-central sections

�Improved efficiency through central control and automatic operation

Source : KRRI

� Monorail

�Low occupied space �Low-cost construction �Capable of negotiating sharp curves �Small noise and vibration pollution

Media Reports


Foreign Media Reports Local Media Reports

kaist wireless power transmission research center · kaist wireless power transmission research...

Documents