kasus-kasus penilaian kandungan teknologi

KASUS - KASUS

PENILAIAN KANDUNGAN TEKNOLOGI

Figure B.1 Technometric profile of semiconductor lasers for optical

communication by selected countries in 1986

Kasus 1 : Profile teknometrik dari semiconduktor laser untuk

komunikasi optik tahun 1986 dibandingkan antara perusahaan-

perusahaan di Federal Republic of Germany, United State, dan

JepangFRG USA JAP

Kasus 2 : Profil teknometrik semiconductor laser untuk

komunikasi optik studi kasus NEC (Nippon Electric

Company) dibandingkan perusahaan-perusahaan lain di

Jepang

Figure B.2 Technometric profileof semiconductor lasers for optical

communication from Nippon Electric Company (NEC)

and all other Japanese manufacturers (JAP-) in 1986

Kasus 3 : Gambar berikut merupakan agregat indikator

untuk berbagai jenis laser dibandingkan antara negara-negara

Jerman, USA, Jepang tahun 1986

Figure B.3 Aggregated technometric indicators

for various laser type and selected countries in 1986

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

HeNe Ar+ CO2 Excimer Diodes Nd-YAG Dye

Tech

nom

etric

Indic

ato

r V

alu

e (1986)

FRG USA JAP

Kasus 4 : Gambar B.4 berikut menunjukkan aktivitas R&D

telekomunikasi yang dibagi dalam 11 bidang yang dilakukan oleh

NEC, sebagai persentase dari semua aktivitas R&D Jepang

Figure B.4 Telecomunication R&D activities by Nippon Electric

Company, 1984-86, as percentage of all Japanese activities

0

10

20

30

40

TH WI RA PI IM DI FI HF ME OE SO

Telecom Subfields

% o

f J

AP

ED Patents US Patents Papers

Kasus 5 : Pengukuran TCC di Divisi Regional II PT Telkom

I. Estimasi tingkat kecanggihan

1. Fasilitas fisik / technoware

a. Fasilitas fisik switching

Derajat sofistikasi fasilitas fisik switching

Batas bawah : 6

Batas atas : 7

Fas. Terintegrasi Fas. Terkomputerisasi

Fas. Otomasi Fas. Khusus

Fas. Multiguna Fas. Daya

Fas. Manual

Fasilitas fisik transmisi

b. Fasilitas fisik transmisi

Derajat sofistikasi fasilitas fisik transmisi

Batas bawah : 4

Batas atas : 7




Fas. Manual

Fasilitas fisik outside plant

c. Fasilitas fisik outside plant

Derajat sofistikasi fasilitas fisik outside plant

Batas bawah : 3

Batas atas : 7




Fas. Manual

Fasilitas Pendukung

d. Fasilitas pendukung

Derajat sofistikasi fasilitas fisik pendukung

Batas bawah : 3

Batas atas : 7




Fas. Manual

Pekerja

2. Kemampuan SDM / humanware

a. Kategori pekerja

Derajat sofistikasi potensi SDM kategori pekerja

Batas bawah : 2

Batas atas : 6

Kemampuan inovasi Kemampuan menambahkan

Kemampuan adaptasi Kemampuan meniru

Kemampuan memperbaiki Kemampuan mempersiapkan

Kemampuan operasi

Pengawas

b. Kategori pengawas

Derajat sofistikasi potensi SDM kategori pengawas

Batas bawah : 6

Batas atas : 7




Kemampuan operasi

Manajer / Eksekutif

c. Kategori pemimpin (manajer dan ekskutif)

Derajat sofistikasi potensi SDM kategori pemimpin

Batas bawah : 6

Batas atas : 8




Kemampuan operasi

Informasi

3. Dokumentasi / Informasi

Derajat sofistikasi dokumentasi / informasi

Batas bawah : 4

Batas atas : 8

Petunjuk untuk menilai Petunjuk untuk menyamakan

Petunjuk untuk meningkatkan pemahaman Petunjuk untuk memanfaatkan

Petunjuk untuk menentukan Petunjuk untuk menjelaskan

Petunjuk untuk membiasakan

Orgaware

4. Organisasi / Kelembagaan

Derajat sofistikasi organisasi / kelembagaan

Batas bawah : 6

Batas atas : 8

Organisasi memimpin Organisasi mencari peluang

Organisasi memantapkan posisi Organisasi memproteksi kepentingan

Organisasi siap bersaing Organisasi sedang membangun jaringan

Organisasi mulai tumbuh

II. Penilaian state-of-the-artFS1

FS2

FT1

FT2

FO

1

FO

2

FO

3

FP1

FP2

M1

M2

M3

I

O

ANALOG

DIGITAL

GEL. RADIO

KABEL SERAT

OPTIK

KABEL TEMBAGA

KABEL SERAT

OPTIK

GELOMBANG

RADIO

MEK-ELEK

PENDUKUNG

SISTEM

FASILITAS

SWITCHING BB=5,

BA=7

FASILITAS

TRANSMISI

BB=3, BA=7

FASILITAS

OUTSIDE PLANT

BB=1, BA=7

FASILITAS

PENDUKUNG

BB=1, BA=7

FASILITAS FISIK

POTENSI/

KEMAMPUAN

SDM

DOKUMENTASI/

INFORMASI

BB=3, BA=7

ORGANISASI/

KELEMBAGAAN

BB=5, BA=7

PEKERJA

BB=1, BA=4

PENGAWAS

BB=4, BA=5

PIMPINAN

BB=1, BA=7

TINGKAT

MUATAN

TEKNOLOGI

Penilaian state-of-the-art (2)

KAPASITAS

KEMAMPUAN PEMELIHARAAN

KEMAMPUAN OPERASI

KEMAMPUAN REKONFIGURASI

FEATURE UNTUK PELANGGAN

KOMPATIBILITAS

PENGGUNAAN SOFTWARE

KAPASITAS

KEMAMPUAN OPERASI

KEMAMPUAN PEMELIHARAAN

KEMAMPUAN REKONFIGURASI

FEATURE UNTUK PELANGGAN

KOMPATIBILITAS

PENGGUNAAN SOFTWARE

RELIABILITAS

AVAILABILITAS

QUALIBILITAS

FLEKSIBILITAS

RELIABILITAS

AVAILABILITAS

QUALIBILITAS

RELIABILITAS

AVAILABILITAS

QUALIBILITAS

LAYANAN

FS1

FS2

FT1

FT2

FO1


FLEKSIBILITAS

RELIABILITAS

AVAILABILITAS

QUALIBILITAS

LAYANAN

FO

2

FLEKSIBILITAS

RELIABILITAS

AVAILABILITAS

QUALIBILITAS

LAYANAN

FO

3

DAYA DUKUNG TERHADAP

SISTEM TELEKOMUNIKASI

TINGKAT PENGAMANAN

DAN KONTROL

KETERSEDIAAN

INSTRUMEN

FP1

DAYA DUKUNG TERHADAP

SISTEM TELEKOMUNIKASI

TINGKAT PENGAMANAN

DAN KONTROL

KETERSEDIAAN

INSTRUMEN

FP2

ORIENTASI EFISIENSI

KREATIVITAS

ORIENTASI PRESTASI

KOHESIVITAS

KEMAMPUAN MENGHADAPI RESIKO

M1

ETIKA KERJA

ORIENTASI PEMANFAATAN WAKTU

ORIENTASI MUTU

LEBAR JENIS KEMAMPUAN

ORIENTASI KOMUNIKASI

ORIENTASI EFISIENSI

KREATIVITAS

ORIENTASI PRESTASI

KOHESIVITAS


M2

ETIKA KERJA


ORIENTASI MUTU





ORIENTASI EFISIENSI

KREATIVITAS

ORIENTASI PRESTASI

KOHESIVITAS


M3

ETIKA KERJA


ORIENTASI MUTU



KEMUDAHAN

MENGKOMUNIKASIKAN

KEMUDAHAN PENGULANGAN

INFORMASI

JUMLAH KETERKAITAN

KEMUDAHAN MEMPERBAHARUI

PENGENDALIAN DOKUMEN/

INFORMASI

I

TINGKAT PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI

TINGKAT KETEPATAN DAN

KELENGKAPAN INFORMASI


PRODUKTIVITAS

FLEKSIBILITAS

PEROLEHAN SUMBER

ARAH ORGANISASI

STABILITAS

O

ORIENTASI KEPADA PIHAK YANG

BERKEPENTINGAN

KEPEMIMPINAN

OTONOMI KERJA

KETERLIBATAN KARYAWAN

IKLIM INOVASI

INTEGRITAS OPERASI

KEBIJAKAN MUTU

III. Menentukan komponen kontribusi

1. Bobot kategori komponen fasilitas fisik

No Item utama Bobot

1 Fasilitas switching 0.335

2 Fasilitas transmisi 0.329

3 Fasilitas outside plant 0.276

4 Fasilitas pendukung 0.060

2. Fasilitas fisik switching

No Sub Item Bobot

1 Sentral analog 0.086

2 Sentral digital 0.914

3. Fasilitas fisik transmisi

No Sub Item Bobot

1 Gelombang radio 0.110

2 Kabel serat optik 0.890

1. Fasilitas fisik outside plant

No Sub Item Bobot

1 Kabel tembaga 0.786

2 Kabel serat optik 0.123

3 Gelombang radio 0.091

2. Fasilitas fisik pendukung

No Sub Item Bobot

1 Mekanikal-elektrikal 0.674

2 Pendukung sistem 0.326

3. Bobot komponen SDM

No Item utama Bobot

1 Pekerja 0.288

2 Pengawas 0.300

3 Pimpinan (manajer / eksekutif) 0.411

Menentukan komponen kontribus (2)

1. Hasil perhitungan keempat komponen THIO

No Komponen teknologi Kontribusi

1 Technoware 0.696

2 Humanware 0.700

3 Orgaware 0.827

4 Infoware 0.783

2. Hasil perhitungan intensitas komponen teknologi

No Komponen teknologi Intensitas

1 Technoware 0.573

2 Humanware 0.223

3 Orgaware 0.108

4 Infoware 0.096

3. Hasil perhitungan TCC sebesar 0.718 berada antara batas baik dan sangat baik.

IV. Hasil perhitungan TCC

Kasus 6 : Pengukuran kontribusi teknologi ATM dalam

mewujudkan B-ISDN

Kerangka perhitungan sbb :

TECHNOWARE

INTENSITAS

HUMANWARE

INTENSITAS

INFOWARE

INTENSITASBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

ORGAWARE

INTENSITASBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

KONTRIBUSITEKNOLOGI ATM

DALAM MEWUJUDKANB-ISDN

T1

H1

FASILITAS

SWITCHING

BOBOT

BATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

FASILITAS

TRANSMISI

BOBOT

BATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

FASILITAS

OUTSIDE

PLANT

BOBOT

FASILITAS

MGT.

JARINGAN

BOBOT

BATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

KABEL SERAT

OPTIK

BOBOT

BATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

KABEL SERAT

OPTIK

BOBOT

BATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

T1

T21

T22

T23

T24

T1

DUKUNGAN TERHADAP SINYAL NARROWBAND MAUPUN BROADBAND

KEMAPUAN LAYANAN DISTRIBUTIF MAUPUN KOMUNIKATIF

KEMAMPUAN MENYEDIAKAN LAYANAN YANG SIFATNYA PTP DAN PTM P

FLEKSIBILITAS DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KONEKSI (PERMANEN/SWITCHED)

FLEKSIBILITAS DALAM PEMILIHAN QUALITY OF SERVICE

FLEKSIBILITAS DALAM PEMILIHAN BANDWITH

KEMAMPUAN MENGINTEGRASIKAN VOICE, DATA, DAN VIDEO

KEMAMPUAN PENGIRIMAN VOICE, DATA, DAN VIDEO SECARA SIMULTAN

TINGKAT KELENGKAPAN DENGAN STANDARISASI INTERNASIONAL (ATM FORUM, ITU)

TINGKAT KESESUAIAN DENGAN STANDARISASI INTERNASIONAL (ATM FORUM, ITU)

TRANSISI YANG BAIK DARI TEKNOLOGI JARINGAN SEBELUMNYA

KEMUDAHAN BERINTERAKSI DENGAN TEKNOLOGI JARINGAN YANG SUDAH ADA

TINGKAT KELENGKAPAN ITEM CHARGING

EFISIENSI KAPASITAS LINE

KEMUDAHAN DALAM PENGOPERASIAN DAN PEMELIHARAAN

KEMUDAHAN PROSEDUR PERLUASAN DAN REKONFIGURASI

EFISIENSI MEDIUM TRANSMISI

FLEKSIBILITAS ARSITEKTUR TRANSMISI

KEANDALAN JARINGAN TRANSMISI

KEMAMPUAN MENYALURKAN INFORMASI HINGGA 622 MBPS


KEMUDAHAAN PROSEDUR PERLUASAN DAN REKONFIGURASI

KEMAMPUAN MULTIPLEXING MULTIRATE

OPTIMALISASI JARINGAN YANG SUDAH ADA

KEMAMPUAN MENYALURKAN LAYANAN B-ISDN DAN N-ISDN

FLEKSIBILITAS DALAM PEMILIHAN JENIS TEKNOLOGI JARINGAN AKSES

EFISIENSI KAPASITAS LINE

PERFORMANSI JARINGAN

KEAMANAN


CUSTOMER ADMINISTRATION

NETWORK PROVISIONING MANAGEMENT

WORK FORCE MANAGEMENT

TARIF, CHARGING AND ACCOUNTING ADMINISTRATION

QoS AND NETWORK PERFORMANCE ADMINISTRATION

TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS ADMINISTRATION

ROUTING AND DIGIT ANALYSIS ADMINISTRATION

MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT

SECURITY ADMINISTRATION

LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT

T21

T22

T23

T24

T21, T22, T23, T24

H1

FASILITASSENTRAL

BOBOTSUPERVISOR

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

PELAKSANA

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

FASILITASTRANSMISI

BOBOTSUPERVISOR

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

PELAKSANA

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

OUTSIDE PLANT

BOBOTSUPERVISOR

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

PELAKSANA

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

MANAJEMENJARINGAN

BOBOTSUPERVISOR

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

PELAKSANA

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

MANAGER

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

EKSKUTIF

BOBOTBATAS ATAS

BATAS BAWAH

H1

Kasus 7 : Analisis kandungan teknologi perusahaan besi dan

baja di Jepang dan India

1. Perhitungan tingkat kecanggihan

Table B.1 : Limits of the degrees of Sophistication of the Components of Technology at the Indian and Japanese Steel Plants

Degree of Sophistication

Indian Plant Japanese PlantComponents

Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit

Explanatory Notes

Technoware

SinteringCoke OvenBlast FuraceSteelmaking

CastingRolling-Finishing

4444

44

6666

66

5566

66

7788

88

All the Technoware in the Indian

Firm that was studied come underSpecial Purpose Facilities In thecase of the Japanese Firm, with theexception of the Sintering and

Coke Oven Plants which may beclassified as Automatic Facilitiesthe rest fall into the ComputerizedFacilities degree of sophistication.Thus, lower and upper scores

correspond to these degrees

Humanware

WorkersSupervisors

Managers &Executive

R&D Personnel

13

5

7

35

8

9

24

5

7

46

8

9

While the managers and executives

of both Indian and Japanese firms

have and mixture of Adapting andImproving Abilities, the workersand supervisors of the Indian firmhave a lower level of abilities(Operating and Repairing Abilities)than Japanese counterparts

(Setting-up and ReproducingAbilities). The R&D personnel of

both the firms have InnovatingAbilities. The lower and upperlimit scores correspond to these

degrees

Infoware 4 7 4 8

While the lowest degree of

sophistication for both firms is thelevel of Utilizing Facts, theJapanese Firm is almost at the

state-of-the-art with respect toAssessing Facts. The upperdegree of the Indian firm is at theaverage level of GeneralizingFacts

Orgaware 6 8 7 9The Japanese firm has its upperlimit at the level of the LeadingFramework since it is a worldleader. The Indian could at themost be categorized as belonging tothe level of ProspectingFramework

2. Penilaian state-of-the-art

Table B.2 : State-of-the-Art Assessment of the Sintering Plant

Indian Plant Japanese PlantCriteria

Criteria Value Score Criteria Value Score

Raw mix feed rate in tons/hour ( 1,000 : 10, 100 : 0) 250 2 925 9

Plant capability in tons/m2of grate area per day ( 40 : 10, 10 : 0) 15 2 35 8

Weighing of raw mix feed ( belt weighing with electronic load sensor

: 10, no belt weighing : 0)

Mechanical 5 Electronic 10

Chemical analysis of sinter mixes (integrated on-line system : 10,

manual sampling : 0)

Manual 10 On-line 10

Instrumentation availability for burn through point measurement,

return-fines ratio measurement, mix moisture measurement and

measuring bed-height above grate (2.5 points per item)

Only one item 2.5 All four 10

Combustion control (automatic : 10, manual : 0) Manual 0 Automatic 10

Cooling system (on strand cooling system : 10, annular dip-rail deep

bed circular cooler : 5, others : 0)

Others 0 Annular 5

Specific energy consumption in Mcal ( 750 : 10, 2000 : 0) 1,250 6 750 10

Total 17.5 72

STI 2.2 9

Table B.3 : State-of-the-Art assessment of the Coke Oven



Capacity of oven as measured by oven height

( 7.85m : 10, 5m : 0)

5 0 7 7

Coal preparation (classification and selective crushing : 10, others :

0)

Others 0 Classification

and selective

crushing

10

Combustion control (automatic : 10, manual : 0) Manual 0 Automatic 10

Formed coke as a percentage of total output ( 25% : 10, 0% : 0) 0% 0 13% 5

Charging of coke oven (stamp charging : 10, others : 0) Others 0 Stamp

Charging

10

Partial briquetting of coal charge ( 35% : 10, 0% : 0) 0% 0 35% 10

Percentage of dry quenching (100% : 10, 0% : 0) 0% 0 90% 5

Specific energy consumption in Mcal ( 400 : 10, 2000 : 0) 1,500 3 450 10

Total 3 71

STI 0.4 8.9

Table B.4 : State-of-the-Art Assessment of the Blast Furnace



Nominal capacity in tons/day ( 12,000 : 10, 1000 : 0) 1000 0 10,000 8

Top gas pressure in bars ( 3 : 10, 1.5 : 0) 1.5 0 3 10

Hot blast temperature in oC ( 1,500

oC : 10, 1000

oC : 0) 803 0 1,350 6.5

Percentage sinter in burden ( 95% : 10, 20% : 0) 44% 3 76% 7.5

Burden distribution (bell less top with movable throat armour : 10,double bell-hopper : 0)

Bell-hopper 0 Bell-less top 10

Instrumentation availability for guiding burden distribution,obtaining furnace segment temperature, measuring waste gas

composition, measuring charge composition, measuring chargeweights, measuring flow rate and pressures of waste gases and hotblast, measuring tuyere injectant rates and analyzing hot metal and

slag (1.25 points per item)

Only for fouritems

5 Completerange

10

Computer application for BF control of burden composition, burdenweights and charging sequence, blast-conditioning and faultdetection (2.5 points per item)

None 0 Completerange

10

BF Structure (self-supporting free standing design : 10,

Conventional : 0)Conventional 0 Self-

supporting10

Tuyere stock (flexible joints : 10, rigid joints : 0) Rigid 0 Flexible 10Performance improvements through tuyere injectants such as oxygen,

coal, dust, coal oil slurry and lime dust (2.5 points per item)

None 0 Complete

range

10

Use of top pressure recovery turbine (Yes : 10, No : 0) No 0 Yes 10Hot metal treatment such as external desulphurization, externaldesiliconization and external dephosphorization (3.33 points peritem)

Onlydesulphurizati

on

3.33 Completerange

10

Specific energy consumption in Mcal ( 3,250 : 10, 8,500 : 0) 6,750 3.5 3,500 9.5

Total 14.83 121.5STI 0.11 0.93

Table B.5 : State-of-the-Art Assessment of the Steelmaking



Nominal capacity in tons/day over tap-to-tap time ( 360 : 10,

25 : 0)

100 2.5 300 8

Percentage steel made by BOF and EAF ( 100% : 10, 0% : 0) 44% 4.5 100% 10

Alloy and special steels produced as a percentage of total output

(30% : 10, 0% : 0)

0 0 17 6

Instrumentation availability for measurement of hot metal

composition and temperature, hot metal weight, scrap composition

and temperature, decarbonization rate and slag formation rate (2

points per item)

Two items 4 All items 10

Use of computers for process control (programmed thermochemical

models with adaptive factors : 10, detailed models using heat and

mass balance : 6, simple models based on hot metal analysis : 3, no

usage : 0)

No usage 0 Programmed

thermo-

chemical

10

Specific energy consumption in Mcal ( 50 : 10, 1,500 : 0) 1,125 2.5 75 10

Total 13.5 54

STI

2.3 9

Table B.6 : State-of-the-Art Assessment of Casting



Percentage continuous casting CC ( 100% : 0, entirely ingot

Casting : 0)

0 0 90 9

Range of shapes cast (ingots, billets, blooms, slabs, others : 2 points

per item)

Ingots only 2 All shapes 10

Type of casting facility (CC curved mould with progressive

straightening : 10, CC curved mould with straightening : 8, CC

vertical mould with progressive bending : 6, CC vertical mould with

bending : 4, CC vertical mould : 2, ingot casting : 0)

Ingot casting 0 CC curved

mould with

progressive

straightening

10

On-line instrumentation availability for reducing of grain size,

reduction of inclusions, mould level control, controlled cooling and

control of composition ( 2 points per item)

None 0 All items 10

Specific energy consumption in Mcal ( 150 : 10, 750 : 0) 625 2 187.5 9.5

Total 4 48.5

STI

0.8 9.7

Table B.7 : State-of-the-Art Assessment of Rolling



Capacity in million tons of output per annum ( 6 : 0, 1 : 0) 1 0 4 6.5

Number of mills (roughing mill, billet mill, plate mill, bar mill, rod

mill, pipe mill, structural mill : 1.43 points per item)

Two 3 All 10

Casting and rolling integration (100% : 10, 0% : 0) 0% 0 100% 10

Rolling speeds in m/sec (10 points for the relevant maximum value

and 0 for the minimum value per item)

Minimum

value

0 Maximum

value

10

Availability of controlled on-line cooling of hot-rolled products

(available : 10, not available : 0)

Not available 0 Available 10

Availability of combination lines for reduction of process stages in

cold rolling (available : 10, not available : 0)

Not available 0 Available 10

Reheat furnace control (computerized automatic : 10, others : 0) Others 0 Computerized

automatic

10

Dimension control (on-line computerized : 10, others : 0) Others 0 On-line

computerized

10

Testing of products strength (ultrasonic non destructive : 10, others :

0)

Others 0 Ultrasonic

non-

destructive

10

Specific energy consumption in Mcal (750 : 10, 2000 : 0) 1750 2 950 8.5

Total 5 48.5

STI

0.5 9.5

Table B.8 : State-of-the-Art Assessment of Humanware

Indian Plant Japanese PlantCriteria Criteria

ValueScore SHj Criteria

ValueScore SHj

Workers

Percentage of target attained per year with respect toOutput per workers(100% : 10, 50% : 0)

60% 2 0.2 90% 8 0.8

Supervisors

Effectively capacity utilization of the plant(100% : 10, 50% : 0)

80% 6 0.6 90% 8 0.8

Managers & Executives

Effectively capacity utilization of the plant(100% : 10, 50% : 0)

80% 6 0.6 90% 8 0.8

R&D Personnel

Level of innovative activity as evaluated by type ofContribution made, level of patenting, etc.(Very high : 10, None : 0)

Low 2 0.2 VeryHigh

10 1

Table B.9 : State-of-the-Art Assessment of Infoware

Indian Plant Japanese Plant

Criteria Criteria

Value

Score Criteria

Value

Scor

e

Extent of management information (total industry information : 10, partial

information : 5, only corporate information : 0)

Partial

industry

information

5

Total

Industry

information

10

Extent of networking (on-line corporate networking : 10, no on-line

corporate networking : 0)

No on-line 0 On-line 10

Iron and steel database availability (available : 10, not available : 0) Not available 0 Available 10

Monitoring schemes (completely distributed process control : 10, partially

distributed process control : 0)

Partially

distributed

0 Completely

distributed

10

Availability of computer based policy models for studying sintering, iron-

making, steelmaking and rolling (2.5 points per item)

None 0 All 10

Total 10 50

ST I 0.2 1.0

Table B.10 : State-of-the-Art Assessment of Orgaware

Indian Plant Japanese Plant

Criteria Criteria

Value

Score Criteria

Value

Scor

e

Profitability ( ROI above industry average : 10, ROI below industry

average : 5, loss making : 0) Loss making 0

Below

average

industry

5

Overall capacity utilization (100% : 10, 50% : 0) 80% 6 85% 7

Sales (tons/employee/year) ( 600 : 10, 10 : 0) 25 0.5 525 8.5

Direction (high futuristic orientation : 10, little or no futuristic

Orientation : 0)

low 2 High 10

Autonomy (completely deregulated : 10, completely controlled : 0) Completely

controlled

0 Completely

deregulated

10

Organization for improvement angineering (high level : 10, no scope : 0) No scope 0 High level 10

Modernization (consistent programme : 10, arbitrary or no efforts : 0) Intermittent 2 Consistent 10

R&D expenditure as percentage of sales ( 2.5% : 10, 0% : 0) 0.6 2.5 2 8

Total 13 68.5

STI

0.16 0.86

3. Perhitungan komponen kontribusi

Table B.11 : Summary of component contributions

Indian Plant Japanese Plant Weightage OverallContribution

Component ofTechnology

UpperLimit

LowerLimit

State-of-the-ArtRating

NormalizedContribution

UpperLimit

LowerLimit

State-of-the-ArtRating

NormalizedContribution

Tehnoware UTi LTi STi Ti UTi LTi STi Ti India Japan India Japan

Sintering 6 4 0.22 0.49 7 5 0.90 0.76 0.167 0.167Coke Oven 6 4 0.04 0.46 7 5 0.89 0.76 0.167 0.167Blast Furace 6 4 0.10 0.47 8 6 0.93 0.87 0.167 0.167 0.44 0.84Steelmaking 6 4 0.23 0.50 8 6 0.90 0.87 0.167 0.167Casting 6 4 0.08 0.47 8 6 0.97 0.88 0.167 0.167Rolling &Finishing

6 4 0.05 0.46 8 6 0.95 0.88 0.167 0.167

Humanware UHi LHi SHi Hi UHi LHi SHi Hi India Japan India Japan

Workers 3 1 0.20 0.16 4 2 0.80 0.40 0.850 0.500Supervisors 5 3 0.60 0.47 6 4 0.80 0.62 0.114 0.250Managers & 8 5 0.47 0.76 8 5 0.80 0.82 0.034 0.165 0.22 0.58

ExecutiveR&DPersonnel

9 7 0.20 0.82 9 7 1.00 1.00 0.002 0.085

Infoware UI LI SI I UI LI SI I India Japan India JapanFirm level 7 4 0.20 0.51 8 4 1.00 0.89 1.000 1.000 0.51 0.89

Orgaware UO LO SO O UO LO SO O India Japan India JapanFirm level 8 6 0.16 0.70 9 7 0.83 0.96 1.000 1.000 0.70 0.96

4. Perhitungan TCC

Table B.12 : Summary of TCC Computation

Component Contribution Component

Contribution

Intensitas

TCCTechnology

Component

Indian Plant Japanese Plant Indian Plant Japanese Plant

Technoware T 0.48 0.84 0.53

Humanware H 0.22 0.58 0.12

0.44 0.84

Infoware I 0.51 0.89 0.08

Orgaware O 0.70 0.96 0.27

Figure B.5 THIO Diagram

10

10

10

10

T

OH

I

JAPANESE

PLANT

INDIAN

PLANT

kasus-kasus penilaian kandungan teknologi

Documents

divisi regional ii pt

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jepang tahun 1986figure

aktivitas rd jepangfigure

fasilitas fisik technowarea

estimasi tingkat kecanggihan1

kemampuan sdm humanwarea

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