keeping food safe. if in doubt throw it out in the usa- 200,000 / day/food borne illness food...
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Keeping Food safe
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If in doubt throw it out
• In the USA- 200,000 / day/food borne illness
• Food poisoning- flu like symptoms
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Microorganisms• 1. mold• 2. Yeast• 3. bacteria- food intoxication
- food infection
Others:• 4 . viruses• 5. Animal parasites• 6. chemicals• 7. natural toxins
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Molds
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Give foods the fuzzy look
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Requirements for Mold Growth• 1. moisture • 2. moderate temperature 20- 35 degrees• 3. aerobic
• As temperature drops mold growth slows• Visible on food throw it out• Some foods it is used for flavor• Eg. blue cheese
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Yeasts
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• One celled plant• Fungi
• Yeasts form spores- [ microorganisms in a dormant or inactive state- will survive high temperatures]
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Requirements for Yeast Growth
• 1. moisture
• 2. high ph level [ acid]
• 3. warmth 20- 38 degrees
• 4. air
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Bacteria
• 20 different types- 8 major
• Found in air, soil, water, food
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Requirements for Bacteria Growth
• 1. grow with or without air
• 2. moisture• 3. warmth
• Most killed by heat
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Food intoxication
• Bacteria that form toxins that make us ill
• In large amounts form spores that release these toxins
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Clostridium perfringens
• Found in small amounts in the intestinal tract all the time
• Found in food left at room temperature too long - meats and poultry
• High and low temperature halt growth
• Takes 4 – 24 hours sick
• Keep hot food hot
• Keep cold food cold
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Staphylococcus
• Found in nasal passages and skin
• Passed through moisture- sneeze, breath
• 1- 7 hours sick• toxin
• Eg. Chef with a cut on his hand
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Botulism
• Toxin• Contaminated fish,
honey and improperly canned goods
• Boil food for 10-15 minutes
• Serious- can cause death--. Respiratory failure
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Food infections
• Pathogen enters body on food causing illness
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Salmonella
• Grow very fast• 5 hours – 3 days
sick• Cross contamination• Raw poultry- eggs• Fish• milk
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E coli [ Escherichia coli]
• Lives in animal intestines helps digest food and metabolize vitamins
• Can be fatal- kidney failure
• Source- under cooked meats
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Animal parasites
• Found in contaminated water And food
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TAPEWORM
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Viruses
• Norwalk – flu like symptoms
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Chemical food poisoning
• Chemicals that get in or on the food that cause illness
• Additives • Lead• Arsenic• Poisonous plants-
mushrooms• pesticides
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Pesticides
• Some occur naturally• Help insure the
survival of food crops against predators
• Increase yield• Strict regulations