keeping your body healthy
DESCRIPTION
Keeping Your Body Healthy. Unit 4, Lesson 19 – Endocrine, Digestive, Integumentary, & Urinary Systems National Health Standard 1.5. The Endocrine System. System consisting of glands that produce hormones Gland A group of cells that secrete hormones Hormone - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
KEEPING YOUR BODY HEALTHY
Unit 4, Lesson 19 – Endocrine, Digestive, Integumentary, & Urinary Systems
National Health Standard 1.5
The Endocrine System
System consisting of glands that produce hormones
Gland A group of cells that secrete hormones
Hormone Chemical messengers released into the
bloodstream Control many body functions
Pituitary Gland Produces hormones, which
control growth and other glands
Located below the hypothalamus
About the size of a pea Often called the master
gland because it releases hormones that affect the function of other glands
1 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=pituitary+gland&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=0kYY3LoY5AGVgM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM00643&docid=ZMzxMln_-rw3vM&imgurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_popup/m7_glands.jpg&w=400&h=344&ei=yHy6T7OcD8WLsQKfmviKDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=991&vpy=317&dur=3703&hovh=208&hovw=242&tx=160&ty=101&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=134&tbnw=156&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0,i:161
1
Thyroid Gland Produces the hormone
thyroxin Located near the upper
portion of the trachea Thyroxin
Hormone that controls metabolism and calcium balance in the body
Metabolism Rate at which food is
converted to energy in body cells
2 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=thyroid+gland&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=MB90rcicKw2mIM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM01872&docid=0zy0sNlJNGWLoM&imgurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_popup/thyroid.jpg&w=400&h=300&ei=PX66T_-IO_TJsQLE2oGLDA&zoom=1
2
Parathyroid Gland Controls the
amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body
3 glands on the thyroid gland
Each about the size of a grain of rice
3 http://www.google.com/imgres?
q=parathyroid+gland&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=is
ch&tbnid=Yg_I3_7A5yCyMM:&imgrefurl=http://uvahealth.com/
services/diabetes-and-metabolism/conditions-treatments/
96738&docid=B-vpQyEo1EkayM&imgurl=http://uvahealth.com/
Plone/ebsco_images/
7709.jpg&w=400&h=264&ei=6n66T_XbI5LMsQKPyoCLDA&zoom=1
&iact=hc&vpx=660&vpy=189&dur=3828&hovh=182&hovw=276&t
x=196&ty=87&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=109
&tbnw=165&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0,i:146
Pancreas Produces digestive
enzymes and insulin Essential to the digestion of
food Insulin – regulates blood
sugar level Failure to regulate level
results in diabetes mellitus
4 http://www.google.com/imgres?
q=pancreas&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=VjQJFc9ZA1ySJM:&imgrefurl=http://
www.umm.edu/imagepages/19264.htm&docid=5xoF7WQn3-ZYNM&imgurl=http://www.umm.edu/
graphics/images/en/19264.jpg&w=400&h=320&ei=9H-
6T_btILSasgL9s_yKDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=173&vpy=322&dur=781&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=13
2&ty=90&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=128&tbnw=160&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:
429,r:6,s:0,i:151
4
Adrenal Glands Secrete several hormones
including adrenaline Hormones that affect
metabolism 2 glands located on each
kidney Adrenaline
Hormone that prepares body for fight or flight
Reacts during times of stress, danger, or in an emergency
Heart rate and blood pressure increase
5 http://www.google.com/imgres?
q=adrenal+glands&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=1gppN1FzCEzn
AM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/
IM03191&docid=brz5dGxRrtZUTM&imgurl=http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/
image_popup/
mcdc7_adrenal_glands.jpg&w=400&h=384&ei=QIG6T57KCoiFsgLn5ZWLDA&zoom=1&iact
=hc&vpx=358&vpy=312&dur=1219&hovh=220&hovw=229&tx=113&ty=139&sig=10144
6209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=130&tbnw=142&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:8,s
:0,i:155
5
Ovaries Female reproductive glands Produce ova and estrogen
Ova egg cells or female
reproductive cells Estrogen
Hormone produced to stimulate the development of female secondary sex characteristics and affect menstrual cycle
6 http://www.google.com/imgres?
q=ovaries&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=z3G7fEVUGAIoWM:&imgrefurl=http://
www.dimensionsguide.com/ovaries-dimensions/&docid=ytTFG_JFlz1rtM&imgurl=http://www.dimensionsguide.com/wp-content/
uploads/2009/11/
Ovaries.gif&w=600&h=315&ei=YYK6T7ffNKuDsALYvYmLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=507&vpy=198&dur=1125&hovh=163&ho
vw=310&tx=158&ty=80&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=93&tbnw=178&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:
0,i:155
6
Testes Male reproductive glands Produce sperm Testosterone – hormone that produces male
secondary sex characteristics
7 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=testes&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=IBLV7dK77qXI4M:&imgrefurl=http://www.ceessentials.net/
article42.html&docid=1nScldTv43V8eM&imgurl=http://www.ceessentials.net/images/ultrasoundTestes/
image002.jpg&w=526&h=355&ei=64K6T__BN_TksQLRuoSLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=960&vpy=189&dur=3672&hovh=184&hovw=273&tx=143&ty=78&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tb
nh=122&tbnw=181&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0,i:98
7
The Digestive System
Breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body
Allows nutrients to be absorbed by the cells and waste materials to be eliminated
Process to change food is known as digestion
Mouth Salivary glands – glands in the mouth that
releases saliva – contains chemicals that begin digestion of carbohydrates
Saliva – fluid that helps soften food so it can be swallowed more easily
100,000 taste buds on tongue Each taste bud contains 50-100 receptor
cells Send nerve impulses to brain to register one
of four flavor sensations - sweet, sour, bitter, salty
8 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=tongue&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=Zk8sDuXTxS9rvM:&imgrefurl=http://www.umm.edu/imagepages/
8686.htm&docid=k5OS_48PFcWapM&imgurl=http://www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/8686.jpg&w=400&h=320&ei=GpS6T-
e0PKb9sQLfh5WLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=295&vpy=319&dur=781&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=109&ty=115&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbn
h=127&tbnw=159&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:0,i:153
8
Esophagus Tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
Peristalsis Series of involuntary muscle contractions that move
food to stomach even if you were standing on your head
9 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=digestive+system&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=WqICm9_PqHIuhM:&imgrefurl=http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Digestive/Digestive.htm&docid=mYqT-m7Tp0TC5M&imgurl=http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Digestive/dige_tract.jpg&w=500&h=360&ei=3Ze6T4iBKtT2sQL7_ZGLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=591&vpy=345&dur=9641&hovh=190&hovw=265&tx=143&ty=114&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=131&tbnw=187&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:17,s:0,i:174
9
Stomach Releases acids and juices that mix with food,
forming a paste called chyme Produces a layer of mucus to protect its lining
from strong acids After 4 hours of churning, the food is released
to the small intestine
Small Intestine Coiled tube where greatest amount of
digestion and absorption takes place 21 feet long and lined with villi – small folds
that increase the surface area to allow more food to be absorbed
Several enzymes are produced here Protein that regulates chemical reactions
Liver Secretes bile to help break down fats,
maintain blood sugar level, and filter poisonous wastes
Bile flows to the small intestine to help in digestion of fat
Bile is stored in the gallbladder, sac-like organ located under the liver
Pancreas Gland that produces both digestive enzymes
and insulin Enzymes from here break down proteins,
starches, and fats from food in the small intestine
Large Intestine Also called the colon Tube extending from the small intestine to
prepare undigested food for elimination When full, it contracts pushing solid wastes
through the rectum and anus
Rectum – lower end of the large intestine that stores solid waste temporarily
Anus – opening to the outside at the end of the rectum
The Integumentary System
Covers and protects the body Consists of skin, glands associated with
skin, hair, and nails Performs several functions essential for
life
Skin Largest organ of the body Contains nerve cells that help detect pain,
pressure, touch, heat, and cold Protects some parts from injury
Serves as a protective layer to keep microorganisms from entering the body
Maintain healthful body temperature Helps with waste removal Senses the environment Protects against ultraviolet radiation
Made of 2 layers Epidermis
outer layer of skin cells Constantly shed and replaced Does not contain blood vessels or nerve endings
Dermis Thick layer of cells below the epidermis Contains sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous
(oil) glands, blood vessels, and nerves
Sweat glands Rids the body of waste, such as salt, and help
cools the body by releasing sweat through the pores to evaporate on the surface
Sebaceous glands small oil producing glands protecting skin Found with hair follicles Sebum – oil produced by these glands Sebaceous layer – layer of fatty tissue below
the dermis Large portion of body fat stored in this layer
Birthmarks Most vulnerable organ Birthmark – area of discolored skin present at
birth Include different types of freckles and moles May be removed by a physician
10 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=birthmark&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=GN9nC2GVcbxu_M:&imgrefurl=http://bryanking.net/hemangioma/&docid=ClW39zLn7NximM&imgurl=http://bryanking.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/hemangioma.jpg&w=350&h=361&ei=Z6G6T67TArKCsAL80YiLDA&zoom=1
10
Scars Mark left on damaged tissue after healing Cut, severe burn
11 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=scars&start=91&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&addh=36&tbm=isch&tbnid=6CefqF-FXhN3GM:&imgrefurl=http://
deafgeoff.wordpress.com/2011/01/02/starting-off-2011-on-the-right-foot-a-k-a-an-update-on-my-broken-leg/&docid=OqoC9ewfNyHiYM&imgurl=http://
deafgeoff.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/
scars.jpg&w=463&h=304&ei=vaK6T7jlHJD4sQLMmfSLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=806&vpy=353&dur=1609&hovh=182&hovw=277&tx=173&ty=144&sig=10144620966420
7918597&page=5&tbnh=139&tbnw=184&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:23,s:91,i:54
11
Warts Contagious growth on top layer of skin Caused by a viral infection Grow in groups Spread by contact Can be treated by OTC medications, but best to
see a physician
12 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=warts&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=653&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=tGHyrZV6NPTmQM:&imgrefurl=http://www.armpitwarts.com/flat-warts/&docid=hop6H6vhOaVv0M&imgurl=http://www.armpitwarts.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/flat_warts.jpg&w=315&h=252&ei=uaO6T5GBFerpsQLWrvmKDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=435&vpy=179&dur=1609&hovh=201&hovw=251&tx=170&ty=84&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=151&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:157
12
Acne Skin disorder where hair follicles become
plugged Prevalent during adolescence Pustule – dome-shaped lesion containing pus
consisting of white blood cells, dead skin cells, and bacteria
Ringworm Skin condition causing small, red, ring-shaped
marks on skin Caused by fungal infection Can be spread by physical contact Physicians treat with ointments and creams
13 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=ringworm&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=wxNVob16jEimgM:&imgrefurl=http://www.naturasil.com/ringworm-symptoms-and-diagnosis/
&docid=yoNc_e_LqoTSMM&imgurl=http://www.naturasil.com/product_images/uploaded_images/ringworm-of-the-
body.jpg&w=493&h=335&ei=EaW6T7mSCM_1sQLSm4WLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=961&vpy=184&dur=2719&hovh=185&hovw=272&tx=202&ty=91&sig=101446209664207918597&page=
1&tbnh=127&tbnw=172&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:148
13
Nails and Hair Nails – made of dead cells and keratin – tough
protein Hair – threadlike structure made of dead cells
filled with keratin Hair protects skin from sun rays and helps
maintain body temperature
Hair varies in amount and color From 100,000 to 200,000 on head Each hair grows with a follicle
A depression on the surface of the dermis that contains nutrients a hair needs to grow
Roots are made of living cells
The Urinary System
Removes liquid wastes from body Maintains body’s water balance Organs include: kidneys, ureters, bladder,
and urethra
Kidneys Filters the blood Excretes waste products and excess water in
the form of urine – pale yellow liquid made of water, salts, and other wastes
2 kidneys – on either side of spinal column just above waist
Ureters Narrow tube connecting the kidney to the
urinary bladder Carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder Sac storing urine
14 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=urinary+system&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1280&bih=653&tbm=isch&tbnid=i957oTeIwW8HmM:&imgrefurl=http://tmfpff.blogspot.com/2011/05/urinary-
system.html&docid=yUbs2OffGJrb2M&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bg_Q6s_hUKo/Td5ouXgEo4I/AAAAAAAAAKg/0eYHVW_UOIk/
s1600/25446818.jpg&w=450&h=372&ei=8Ke6T8jYJOStsgK71aCLDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=354&vpy=347&dur=8000&hovh=204&hovw=247&tx=174&ty=95&sig=101446209664207918597&page=1&tbnh=128&tbnw=155
&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:15,s:0,i:170
14
Urethra Narrow tube extending from urinary bladder to
outside the body Where urine passes out of the body