Keith Tovey M.A., PhD, CEng, MICEEnergy Science Director: Low Carbon Innovation CentreSchool of Environmental SciencesWind Energy:Engaging the PublicNorth Sea Commission:Renewable Energy SubGroupNovember 5th 2003

Future Global Warming Rates

Chart2

195819581958195819581958315.86195819581958195819581958

195919591959195919591959316.55195919591959195919591959

196019601960196019601960318.18196019601960196019601960

196119611961196119611961318.58196119611961196119611961

196219621962196219621962319.61196219621962196219621962

196319631963196319631963319.74196319631963196319631963

196419641964196419641964320.44196419641964196419641964

196519651965196519651965321.21196519651965196519651965

196619661966196619661966322.4196619661966196619661966

196719671967196719671967322.55196719671967196719671967

196819681968196819681968324.14196819681968196819681968

196919691969196919691969325.89196919691969196919691969

197019701970197019701970326.35197019701970197019701970

197119711971197119711971327.37197119711971197119711971

197219721972197219721972328.05197219721972197219721972

197319731973197319731973330.87197319731973197319731973

197419741974197419741974331.18197419741974197419741974

197519751975197519751975331.91197519751975197519751975

197619761976197619761976333.05197619761976197619761976

197719771977197719771977334.93197719771977197719771977

197819781978197819781978336.54197819781978197819781978

197919791979197919791979337.73197919791979197919791979

198019801980198019801980339.56198019801980198019801980

198119811981198119811981340.49198119811981198119811981

198219821982198219821982342.06198219821982198219821982

198319831983198319831983343.99198319831983198319831983

198419841984198419841984345.4198419841984198419841984

198519851985198519851985346.56198519851985198519851985

198619861986198619861986347.94198619861986198619861986

198719871987198719871987349.52198719871987198719871987

198819881988198819881988352.39198819881988198819881988

198919891989198919891989353.9198919891989198919891989

199019901990199019901990354.82199019901990199019901990

199119911991199119911991356.17199119911991199119911991

199219921992199219921992357.03199219921992199219921992

199319931993199319931993357.57199319931993199319931993

199419941994199419941994359.55199419941994199419941994

199519951995199519951995361.9199519951995199519951995

199619961996199619961996363.65199619961996199619961996

199719971997199719971997364.47199719971997199719971997

199819981998199819981998367.64199819981998199819981998

199919991999199919991999369.25199919991999199919991999

200020002000200020002000370.04200020002000200020002000

200120012001200120012001371.48200120012001200120012001

200220022002200220022002373.87200220022002200220022002

Jan.

Feb.

March

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Annual

(ppm)

Concentration of C02 in Atmosphere

Sheet1

Jan.Feb.MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.AnnualAnnual-Fit

1958-99.99-99.99315.71317.45317.5-99.99315.86314.93313.19-99.99313.34314.67-99.99-99.99

1959315.58316.47316.65317.71318.29318.16316.55314.8313.84313.34314.81315.59315.98316

1960316.43316.97317.58319.03320.03319.59318.18315.91314.16313.83315316.19316.91316.91

1961316.89317.7318.54319.48320.58319.78318.58316.79314.99315.31316.1317.01317.65317.63

1962317.94318.56319.69320.58321.01320.61319.61317.4316.26315.42316.69317.69318.45318.46

1963318.74319.08319.86321.39322.24321.47319.74317.77316.21315.99317.07318.36318.99319.02

1964319.57-99.99-99.99-99.99322.23321.89320.44318.7316.7316.87317.68318.71-99.99319.52

1965319.44320.44320.89322.13322.16321.87321.21318.87317.81317.3318.87319.42320.03320.09

1966320.62321.59322.39323.7324.07323.75322.4320.37318.64318.1319.79321.03321.37321.34

1967322.33322.5323.04324.42325324.09322.55320.92319.26319.39320.72321.96322.18322.13

1968322.57323.15323.89325.02325.57325.36324.14322.11320.33320.25321.32322.9323.05323.11

1969324324.42325.64326.66327.38326.7325.89323.67322.38321.78322.85324.12324.62324.6

1970325.06325.98326.93328.13328.07327.66326.35324.69323.1323.07324.01325.13325.68325.65

1971326.17326.68327.18327.78328.92328.57327.37325.43323.36323.56324.8326.01326.32326.32

1972326.77327.63327.75329.72330.07329.09328.05326.32324.84325.2326.5327.55327.46327.52

1973328.54329.56330.3331.5332.48332.07330.87329.31327.51327.18328.16328.64329.68329.61

1974329.35330.71331.48332.65333.09332.25331.18329.4327.44327.37328.46329.58330.25330.29

1975330.4331.41332.04333.31333.96333.59331.91330.06328.56328.34329.49330.76331.15331.16

1976331.74332.56333.5334.58334.87334.34333.05330.94329.3328.94330.31331.68332.15332.18

1977332.92333.42334.7336.07336.74336.27334.93332.75331.58331.16332.4333.85333.9333.88

1978334.97335.39336.64337.76338.01337.89336.54334.68332.76332.54333.92334.95335.5335.52

1979336.23336.76337.96338.89339.47339.29337.73336.09333.91333.86335.29336.73336.85336.89

1980338.01338.36340.08340.77341.46341.17339.56337.6335.88336.01337.1338.21338.69338.67

1981339.23340.47341.38342.51342.91342.25340.49338.43336.69336.85338.36339.61339.93339.95

1982340.75341.61342.7343.56344.13343.35342.06339.82337.97337.86339.26340.49341.13341.09

1983341.37342.52343.1344.94345.75345.32343.99342.39339.86339.99341.16342.99342.78342.75

1984343.7344.51345.28347.08347.43346.79345.4343.28341.07341.35342.98344.22344.42344.44

1985344.97346347.43348.35348.93348.25346.56344.69343.09342.8344.24345.56345.9345.86

1986346.29346.96347.86349.55350.21349.54347.94345.91344.86344.17345.66346.9347.15347.14

1987348.02348.47349.42350.99351.84351.25349.52348.1346.44346.36347.81348.96348.93348.99

1988350.43351.72352.22353.59354.22353.79352.39350.44348.72348.88350.07351.34351.48351.44

1989352.76353.07353.68355.42355.67355.13353.9351.67349.8349.99351.3352.53352.91352.94

1990353.66354.7355.39356.2357.16356.22354.82352.91350.96351.18352.83354.21354.19354.19

1991354.72355.75357.16358.6359.34358.24356.17354.03352.16352.21353.75354.99355.59355.62

1992355.98356.72357.81359.15359.66359.25357.03355353.01353.31354.16355.4356.37356.36

1993356.7357.16358.38359.46360.28359.6357.57355.52353.7353.98355.33356.8357.04357.1

1994358.36358.91359.97361.26361.68360.95359.55357.49355.84355.99357.58359.04358.88358.86

1995359.96361361.64363.45363.79363.26361.9359.46358.06357.75359.56360.7360.88360.9

1996362.05363.25364.03364.72365.41364.97363.65361.49359.46359.6360.76362.33362.64362.58

1997363.18364364.57366.35366.79365.62364.47362.51360.19360.77362.43364.28363.76363.84

1998365.32366.15367.31368.61369.3368.87367.64365.77363.9364.23365.46366.97366.63366.58

1999368.15368.86369.58371.12370.97370.33369.25366.91364.6365.09366.63367.96368.29368.28

2000369.08369.4370.45371.59371.75371.62370.04368.04366.54366.63368.2369.43369.4369.39

2001370.17371.39372372.75373.88373.17371.48369.42367.83367.96369.55371.1370.89370.91

2002372.29372.94373.38374.71375.4375.26373.87371.35370.57370.1371.93373.63372.95372.93

Sheet1

Jan.

Feb.

March

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Annual

(ppm)

Concentration of C02 in Atmosphere

hawaii

YearJan.Feb.MarchAprilMayJuneJulyAug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.AnnualAnnual-Fit

1958-99.99-99.99315.71317.45317.5-99.99315.86314.93313.19-99.99313.34314.67-99.99-99.99

1959315.58316.47316.65317.71318.29318.16316.55314.8313.84313.34314.81315.59315.98316

1960316.43316.97317.58319.03320.03319.59318.18315.91314.16313.83315316.19316.91316.91

1961316.89317.7318.54319.48320.58319.78318.58316.79314.99315.31316.1317.01317.65317.63

1962317.94318.56319.69320.58321.01320.61319.61317.4316.26315.42316.69317.69318.45318.46

1963318.74319.08319.86321.39322.24321.47319.74317.77316.21315.99317.07318.36318.99319.02

1964319.57-99.99-99.99-99.99322.23321.89320.44318.7316.7316.87317.68318.71-99.99319.52

1965319.44320.44320.89322.13322.16321.87321.21318.87317.81317.3318.87319.42320.03320.09

1966320.62321.59322.39323.7324.07323.75322.4320.37318.64318.1319.79321.03321.37321.34

1967322.33322.5323.04324.42325324.09322.55320.92319.26319.39320.72321.96322.18322.13

1968322.57323.15323.89325.02325.57325.36324.14322.11320.33320.25321.32322.9323.05323.11

1969324324.42325.64326.66327.38326.7325.89323.67322.38321.78322.85324.12324.62324.6

1970325.06325.98326.93328.13328.07327.66326.35324.69323.1323.07324.01325.13325.68325.65

1971326.17326.68327.18327.78328.92328.57327.37325.43323.36323.56324.8326.01326.32326.32

1972326.77327.63327.75329.72330.07329.09328.05326.32324.84325.2326.5327.55327.46327.52

1973328.54329.56330.3331.5332.48332.07330.87329.31327.51327.18328.16328.64329.68329.61

1974329.35330.71331.48332.65333.09332.25331.18329.4327.44327.37328.46329.58330.25330.29

1975330.4331.41332.04333.31333.96333.59331.91330.06328.56328.34329.49330.76331.15331.16

1976331.74332.56333.5334.58334.87334.34333.05330.94329.3328.94330.31331.68332.15332.18

1977332.92333.42334.7336.07336.74336.27334.93332.75331.58331.16332.4333.85333.9333.88

1978334.97335.39336.64337.76338.01337.89336.54334.68332.76332.54333.92334.95335.5335.52

1979336.23336.76337.96338.89339.47339.29337.73336.09333.91333.86335.29336.73336.85336.89

1980338.01338.36340.08340.77341.46341.17339.56337.6335.88336.01337.1338.21338.69338.67

1981339.23340.47341.38342.51342.91342.25340.49338.43336.69336.85338.36339.61339.93339.95

1982340.75341.61342.7343.56344.13343.35342.06339.82337.97337.86339.26340.49341.13341.09

1983341.37342.52343.1344.94345.75345.32343.99342.39339.86339.99341.16342.99342.78342.75

1984343.7344.51345.28347.08347.43346.79345.4343.28341.07341.35342.98344.22344.42344.44

1985344.97346347.43348.35348.93348.25346.56344.69343.09342.8344.24345.56345.9345.86

1986346.29346.96347.86349.55350.21349.54347.94345.91344.86344.17345.66346.9347.15347.14

1987348.02348.47349.42350.99351.84351.25349.52348.1346.44346.36347.81348.96348.93348.99

1988350.43351.72352.22353.59354.22353.79352.39350.44348.72348.88350.07351.34351.48351.44

1989352.76353.07353.68355.42355.67355.13353.9351.67349.8349.99351.3352.53352.91352.94

1990353.66354.7355.39356.2357.16356.22354.82352.91350.96351.18352.83354.21354.19354.19

1991354.72355.75357.16358.6359.34358.24356.17354.03352.16352.21353.75354.99355.59355.62

1992355.98356.72357.81359.15359.66359.25357.03355353.01353.31354.16355.4356.37356.36

1993356.7357.16358.38359.46360.28359.6357.57355.52353.7353.98355.33356.8357.04357.1

1994358.36358.91359.97361.26361.68360.95359.55357.49355.84355.99357.58359.04358.88358.86

1995359.96361361.64363.45363.79363.26361.9359.46358.06357.75359.56360.7360.88360.9

1996362.05363.25364.03364.72365.41364.97363.65361.49359.46359.6360.76362.33362.64362.58

1997363.18364364.57366.35366.79365.62364.47362.51360.19360.77362.43364.28363.76363.84

1998365.32366.15367.31368.61369.3368.87367.64365.77363.9364.23365.46366.97366.63366.58

1999368.15368.86369.58371.12370.97370.33369.25366.91364.6365.09366.63367.96368.29368.28

2000369.08369.4370.45371.59371.75371.62370.04368.04366.54366.63368.2369.43369.4369.39

2001370.17371.39372372.75373.88373.17371.48369.42367.83367.96369.55371.1370.89370.91

2002372.29372.94373.38374.71375.4375.26373.87371.35370.57370.1371.93373.63372.95372.93

Monthly values areexpressed inparts per million (ppm) andreported in the 1999SIO manometricmole

fraction scale. The monthly values have beenadjusted to the 15thof eachmonth.Missing values are

denoted by-99.99.The "annual"averageis thearithmetic mean of the twelve monthly values. Inyears

withone ortwo missing monthlyvalues,annualvalueswere calculated by substituting afit value

(4-harmonics withgain factor and spline) forthat month andthen averaging the twelve monthlyvalues.

Government ResponseEnergy White Paper aspiration for 60% cut in CO2 emissions by 2050Will require unprecedented partnership activity in local communities to ensure on track by 2020s ( but no indication of how this will be undertaken)

There will be much more local generation, in part from medium to small local/community power plant, fuelled by locally grown biomass, from locally generated waste, and from local wind sources. These will feed local distributed networks, which can sell excess capacity into the grid.- Energy White Paper: February 2003

The CRed ambitionTo engage, enthuse and empower a large, diverse community to debate, plan and execute a programme to reduce carbon emissions by up to 60% by 2025Can a local community take on the responsibility for starting to confront the challenge of climate change and make a difference?Or will it continue to be - someone/somewhere else?Can we encourage politicians/officials to be bolder on our behalf?exemplar for the world

The CRed CommunityParticipatory/inclusivePartnershipsModes of participation (targets/methods)Matrix of modes of participation = representative of real-world complexity Spark imaginationsCentred on Norwich/Norfolk, but links across the region, country, the world.

How many people know what 9 tonnes of CO2 looks like?5 hot air balloons per person per year.4 million each year for NorfolkOn average each person in UK causes the emission of 9 tonnes of CO2 each year.The Right Language

Some facts:A mobile phone charger left on even when not charging up to 25 kg CO2 a yearStandby on television > 60 kg per yearFilling up with petrol (~30 for a full tank) --------- 90 kg of CO2 (5% of one balloon)How far does one have to drive in a small family car (e.g. 1300 cc Toyota Corolla) emits as much carbon dioxide as heating an old persons room for 1 hour

1.6 miles

How to use your to beat global warming University aims to shame ministers into tougher action Ian Sample, science correspondent - Wednesday August 27, 2003 A group of scientists in East Anglia has launched an ambitious campaign to tackle the threat of global warming in an effort to shame ministers into stronger action on climate change. The task they have set themselves is formidable: to slash the region's emissions of carbon dioxide in half the time the government believes is possible. At first glance, the project, known as Cred, for carbon reduction, might easily be dismissed as well-meaning nonsense. But the team behind it, Keith Tovey and his colleagues at the University of East Anglia, belong to the most prestigious environmental science department in the country. "If anyone is going to do this, they will," said Dennis Thouless whose Norwich-based company, Global Commodities, collects used cooking oil from local businesses and turns it into fuel. The Cred project was set up in response to the government's white paper on energy, published in February. "The government pledged that they would be pushing to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 60% by the year 2050," Dr Tovey said. "It looked impressive and sounded good, but didn't give any clues on how to do it. To put it bluntly, there were too many agendas being thrown around." The result was a statement of high intention that lacked any practical guidance. Growing frustration at the government's dithering has spurred Dr Tovey's team into action. They have taken the government's stated target of 60% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, which according to the royal commission on environmental pollution is vital to avoid the adverse effects of climate change, and pledged that East Anglia would meet it in half the time. "If we can show that the people here can achieve this target by 2025, we can turn around and say to everybody else, 'What's your excuse?'" Dr Tovey said. Enthusiasm for the project has snowballed. Local businesses have submitted themselves to scrutiny, to see how much electricity they are wasting. School children have had crash courses in saving energy. Night classes have been set up to teach people the fine art of making solar cells that, strapped to their roofs, will give hot water. Others have gone one step further and installed silicon-based panels on their roofs that convert sunlight into electricity. Dr Tovey is talking to the Diocese of Norwich to try to get the Anglican church on board. "East Anglia has more than 600 churches," he said. "Because churches are all built running east to west, it means they've got a huge area of roof that's facing south, so they're perfect for catching the sun." "It would be very hard not to agree with the aims of the Cred project," said the Rev Jan MacFarlane, the Bishop of Norwich's chaplain. "And if there's a possibility of generating some income, why not?" But Dr Tovey knows that slashing carbon dioxide in East Anglia will have little impact on global climate change. The people of East Anglia produce 6.5m tonnes of carbon dioxide a year, against the 500m tonnes produced by the UK as a whole. "To make a real difference, the US will have to be doing this, but that will happen when they realise there is money to be made doing this." Word of the project is spreading beyond East Anglia. The Bishop of Hereford has expressed an interest. A delegation from Japan which visited the Cred team may set up a similar project. The biggest threat to success now, the scientists believe, is that people's enthusiasm dries up as the novelty wears off. Dr Tovey said: "There's always a chance we will fail. But if we fail, it can't be said we haven't tried."

CredEnthusiasm for the project has snowballed. Local businesses have submitted themselves to scrutiny, to see how much electricity they are wasting. School children have had crash courses in saving energy. Night classes have been set up to teach people the fine art of making solar cells that, strapped to their roofs, will give hot water. Others have gone one step further and installed silicon-based panels on their roofs that convert sunlight into electricity. Dr Tovey is talking to the Diocese of Norwich to try to get the Anglican church on board. "East Anglia has more than 600 churches," he said. "Because churches are all built running east to west, it means they've got a huge area of roof that's facing south, so they're perfect for catching the sun." "It would be very hard not to agree with the aims of the Cred project," said the Rev Jan MacFarlane, the Bishop of Norwich's chaplain. "And if there's a possibility of generating some income, why not?"

Ida-Anglia nitab maailmale eeskuju ssihappegaasierituse piiramisel 27/08/03 07:49:56 Arni Alandi Rhm Suurbritannia Ida-Anglia teadlasi algatas suurejoonelise kampaania tulemaks toime leilmse kliimasoojenemise ohuga ning hbistamaks ministreid, kes kliimamuutuse rahoidmiseks liiga vhe ette on vtnud. Teadlased on endale pstitanud aukartustratava lesande: vhendada piirkonna ssihappegaasi hkupaiskamist poole lhema aja jooksul valitsuse mratud graafikust.

Esmapilgul vib Credi nime kandev projekt tunduda mittemidagitleva mttetusena. hendkuningriigi teadlased usuvad, et nii see siiski pole, sest projekti taga seisavad vga vrikad ja tunnustatud teadlased. Ida-Anglia likooli keskkonnateaduste ppetooli peetakse parimaks omataoliseks kogu Suurbritannias. Kateedrit juhivad Keith Tovey ja tema kolleegid.

Kui keegi nii julge lubaduse titmisega hakkama saab, siis just Tovey rhm on Dennis Thouless, firma Global Commodities juht, kindel. Thoulessi firma kogub kohalikelt ettevtteilt kasutatud toiduli, et seda autoktuseks tdelda.

Cred loodi vastusena valitsuse veebruaris vlja antud valgele energeetikapaberile. Dokumendis totab valitsus vhendada ssihappegaasieritust 2050. aastaks 60 protsendi vrra.

Tovey snul on valitsuse valgele paberile kirja pandud sna kenad mtted ja kogu dokument klab hsti. Paraku pole kodanikele antud htki juhist, kuidas kirjapandud kauneid mtteid ellu viia. Et segadust veelgi suurendada, on valge paberi sihtide saavutamiseks heaegselt kibel mitmeid tegevuskavu. Tagajrjeks on vga suur thelepanu kasvuhoonegaasiemissioonide vhendamisele samaaegselt igasuguste praktiliste juhiste puudumisega.

Effet de serre: East Anglia montre lexemple lundi 15 septembre 2003, par collecte CND R.E. Un groupe de scientifiques de luniversit dEast Anglia, lEst de lAngleterre, a lanc une campagne pour acclrer la rduction des missions de dioxyde de carbone de la rgion.

Baptise CRed (pour Carbon Reduction Project), cette initiative ambitionne daller deux fois plus vite que les prvisions gouvernementales. Le projet a t lanc en raction au livre blanc sur lnergie publi en fvrier dans lequel le gouvernement stait fix comme objectif une diminution de 60% des missions de ce polluant dici 2050.

Les responsables de CRed veulent y parvenir ds 2025. Pour cela, Keith Tovey et ses collgues ont russi mobiliser entreprises locales et particuliers pour faire des conomies dnergie et installer des panneaux photovoltaques sur les toits. La prochaine tape consiste rallier lEglise anglicane leur cause. Exposes plein sud, les glises ont en effet de larges toitures qui peuvent capter lnergie du soleil.

Or, la rgion dEast Anglia compte plus de 600 chapelles. Si les scientifiques sont conscients du peu dimpact sur le changement climatique de leur action, ils comptent cependant provoquer dautres initiatives. Une dlgation japonaise est dj intresse par le projet.

En France, la commune de Chalon-sur-Sane a dj mis en place une action similaire pour raliser en trois ans lengagement de rduction des missions de gaz effet de serre pris par lEurope sur dix ans. Pour lire notre article sur linitiative de Chalon-sur-Sane.

ecologia e ambiente

SULLEFFETTO SERRA LEAST ANGLIA DA LESEMPIOdalla redazione di Bruxelles

Bruxelles, 15 settembre - Un gruppo di scienziati delluniversit di East Anglia (Inghilterra) ha lanciato una campagna per accelerare la riduzione delle emissioni di anidride carbonica della regione. Battezzato CRed (Carbon Reduction Project), liniziativa ha lambizione di andare due volte pi veloce delle previsioni governative. Il progetto (http://www.cred-uk.org/index.aspx) stato lanciato il reazione al Libro Bianco sullenergia pubblicato in febbraio nel quale il governo britannico aveva fissato come obiettivo una diminuzione del 60% delle emissioni di CO2 entro il 2025. Per riuscire nellimpresa, Keith Tovey e i suoi colleghi sono riusciti a mobilitare le aziende locali e i cittadini per avviare programmi di efficienza e risparmio energetico e installare pannelli fotovoltaici. La prossima tappa consiste nel convincere la Chiesa anglicana a dar loro il suo sostegno. Esposte in pieno sud, le chiese hanno infatti grandi tetti che sono ideali per installare impianti che captano energia solare, e nella regione di East Anglia ci sono pi di 600 tra chiese e cappelle. Bench gli scienziati siano coscienti dello scarso impatto della loro iniziativa sul cambiamento climatico, contano tuttavia di promuovere altre iniziative. Una delegazione giapponese si gi interessata al progetto.Indice ecologia e ambiente

Prispevek: The Guardian 01.09.2003

Britanska univerza v politien boj proti emisijam

Skupina znanstvenikov v severni Angliji se je odloila za ambiciozno kampanijo, ki naj bi "osramotila" ministrstvo in ga vzpodbudila za strojo klimatsko zakonodajo. Naloga, ki so si jo zadali, je kolosalna: prepoloviti emisije regije, v kateri ima univerza sede. "Cred", kot so poimenovali projekt, se tako na prvi pogled zdi kot dobronamerni nesmisel. Strokovni tim, ki stoji za njim, pa ima ugled najvejih okoljskih strokovnjakov v Britaniji.

Projekt je nastal kot odgovor na februarski osnutek britanskega energetskega zakona, ki naj bi do leta pomagal 2050 zmanjati emisije CO2 za 60 %. Znanstveniki pa so zaskrbljeni nad nevizionarsko osnovo zakona, ki ne predvideva potrebnih projektov, ter e ne predvideva korakov za doseganje cilja, pa pa le bledo omenja narte, ki jih politika sproti zavraa.

Znanstveniki so se tako namenili, da emisije zmanjajo v polovici predpisanega asa. Navduenje nad projektom strmo naraa, saj lokalna podjetja stalno ozaveajo, koliko energije in s tem strokov bi na ta nain prihranili. Univerza organizira none teaje varovanja z energijo, na strehe pa pospeeno montirajo sonne celice za proizvodnjo elektrine energije.

Eden od znanstvenikov, dr. Tovey, se trudi, da bi k sodelovanju pritegnil tudi Anglikansko cerkev: Severna Anglija ima ve kot 600 cerkev. Ker so postavljene v smeri vzhod zahod, imajo na strehi ogromno prostora, obrnjenega na jug." Norviki kof se strinja, da je projekt univerze teko zavrniti s preprostimi argumenti: e bi nam investicija prinesla prihodke, zakaj ne?

Dr. Tovey pa se zaveda, da je prispevek severne Anglije v svetovnem merilu le kaplja v ocean. Priakuje, da se bodo ZDA lotile podobne akcije ele, ko se bodo zavedle, da v tovrstnih projektih lei denar. Znanstveniki pa se trudijo, da ujamejo trenutno navduenje lokalne javnosti nad novostjo, preden veter, ki vri med prebivalstvom, ne polee.

Dr Tovey zakljuuje s frazo: Ni nujno, da bomo uspeli. Ne bomo pa imeli slabega obutka, da nismo niti poizkusili.

How do we know the CRed community represents our region?Suffolk C. CouncilNorwich UnionLiftshareEastern HeatpumpsBanham PoultryWoodysNorfolk C.CouncilNEWSSMSStrattonsDeepdale FarmCamelot CraftAlpha SchoolsJarvisFarmers linkSERCOLSIR.BilbieAmicusAEEACNorwich 21Global CommoditiesKingswood School100 +SLP EnergyPowergenEDPLEADiocese of NorwichNorwich Colour PrintMay GurneyEEDABPSSth Norfolk D. C.The Broads Auth.The RSPBSUSTRANSWhitby BirdBroadland DCRN:PSNorwich City Council

CRed and Wind EnergyUEA Campus SchemeEngage local communities even before most people in University knewCarry out questionnaire surveysExplain the difficult choices aheadHow did the Group most likely to oppose react?

V3

View from approach from Earlham Road - Viewpoint 3

View from across Broad - Viewpoint 2

Emphasised turbines from Broad

View from View point 1

View from Yare Valley DriveTurbines will be hidden by tall trees at left and will not be visible

Reduction in CO2 emissions (yr-1)Each 1.5MW turbine:1800 tonnes (1000 balloons) average. mix of generation

We would need to persuade 12000 motorists to each drive 500 miles less per year to get the same saving

Each turbine will provide electricity for 1000 homes (e.g. whole of Cringleford).

Or - both turbines would make UEAs consumption of electricity carbon-neutral.

Perception Survey done in June 2003 in Swaffham

Swaffham - Attitudes to Wind Turbine with distance of house from turbine A few houses on Colney Lane ~ 500mMost houses in Cringleford are > 900m

Chart3

55

80

90

85

distance from turbine (m)

Percent in favour

Chart2

55

80

90

85

Distance from town

Percentage of people

Percentage of people in favour of the turbine prior to construction against distance of their home form the turbine

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20-30100

30-40100

40-5070

50-6087.5

60-70100

70-8090

80-90100

90+87.5

500-75055

750-100080

1000-125090

TOWN85

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Age groups

Percentage of people

A graph showing the percentage of people in favour of the turbine by age group

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Distance from town

Percentage of people

Percentage of people in favour of the turbine prior to construction against distance of their home form the turbine

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distance from turbine (m)

Percent in favour

Whilst the wind turbine is considered 'ugly' by some residents of Swaffham, most consider it a unique landmark and see it as an asset to the town. Most of the local population are proud of the turbine and it seems to have had a positive impact on the town in a number of ways. I do believe that were it not for the number of visitors to Swaffham, coming to see the turbine for whatever reason, we would not have such a high influx of buyers from out of the area. This has increased house prices, and the prosperity of the area.

Options for Electricity Generation in 2020 - Non-Renewable Methods

Sheet1

26.28

potential contribution to Electricity Supplycosts in 2020

Gas CCGT1.8 - 2.4pavailable now, but UK gas will run out within current decade~ 2p +

nuclear fission (long term)0 - 80+% (France)new inherently safe designs - some practical development needed2.5 - 3.5p

nuclear fusionnot available until 2040 at earliest

"Clean Coal"Basic components available - not viable without Carbon Sequestration

On Shore Wind2.5 - 3p~25%available now for commercial exploiation~ 2p

Off shore wind4 - 5p25 - 50%some technical development needed - research to reduce costs.~2.5p

Hydro3 - 4p5%technically mature, but limited potential2.5 - 3p

Photovoltaic12 - 16p50%available, but much research needed to bring down costs significantly10+ p

Energy Crops5 - 8p100% +available, but research needed in some areas2.5 - 4

Wave/Tidal Stream6 -8p100% +techology limited - extensive development unlikely before 20204 - 8p

Tidal Barrages?10 - 20%technology available but unlikely without Government interventionnot costed

Geothermal?unlikely for electricity generation before 2050 if then

Sheet2

potential contribution to Electricity Supply in 2020costs in 2020

Gas CCGT0 - 80% (currently 40% and rising)available now, but UK gas will run out within current decade~ 2p +

nuclear fission (long term)0 - 60% (France 80%) - (currently 20 - 25% and falling)new inherently safe designs - some practical development needed2.5 - 3.5p

nuclear fusionunavailablenot available until 2040 at earliest

"Clean Coal"Traditional Coal falling rapidly - coal could supply 40 - 50% by 2020Basic components available - not viable without Carbon Sequestration2.5 - 3.5p

Sheet4

350

7.284816TWH0.02081376

3285MWH

Sheet3

Ultimate potential contribution to Electricity Supplycosts in 2020

On Shore Wind~25%available now for commercial exploitation~ 2p

Off shore wind25 - 50%some technical development needed - research to reduce costs.~2.5 - 3p

Hydro5%technically mature, but limited potential2.5 - 3p

Photovoltaic50%available, but much research needed to bring down costs significantly10+ p

Energy Crops100% +available, but research needed in some areas2.5 - 4

Wave/Tidal Stream100% +techology limited - extensive development unlikely before 20204 - 8p

Tidal Barrages10 - 20%technology available but unlikely without Government interventionnot costed

Geothermalunlikely for electricity generation before 2050 if then

Options for Electricity Generation in 2020 - Renewable

Sheet1

Ultimate potential contribution to UK Electricity Supply after 2050Projected costs in 2020

On shore Wind~25%Available for exploitation now and cost effective~ 2p

Off Shore Wind25-50%Technical developments needed- research to reduce costs - only 100 turbines in EU compared to 20 000 on shore.3 - 5 p

Hydro5%Technically mature but limited potential2.5 - 3p

Photovoltaic50%Available but much research needed to bring down costsgreater than 10p

Energy Crops/ Biomass? 25%Available - research needed in some area - competition with crops for petrol/diesel substitutes2.5 - 4 p

Wave/ Tidal Stream~100%Technology limited - extensive development unlike before 2015 - 20204 - 8p

Tidal Barrages~10%Technology available, costly, major environmental problems, unavailable before 2015 - 2020not costed in Energy Review

Geothermalunlikely for electricity generation before 2040+

Sheet2

Sheet3

MBD003F21A7.xls

Sheet1

Ultimate potential contribution to UK Electricity Supplycosts in 2020

On Shore Wind~25%Available for exploitation now~2 p

Off Shore Wind25-50%some technical development needed - research to reduce costs - only 100 turbines in EU compared to 20000 on shore3 - 5p

Hydro5%Technically mature but limited potential2.5-3p

Photovoltaic50%Available. But much research needed to bring down costs significantly10+p

Energy Crops/ Biomass? 25%+available, but research needed in some areas2.5 - 4p

Wave/ Tidal Stream100%technology limited - extensive development unlikely before 2015 - 20204 - 8p

Tidal Barrages10%technology available, but costly - unlikely without Government interventionnot costed

Geothermalunlikely for electricity generation before 2030 if then

Sheet2

Sheet3

MBD000AB3BF.xls

Sheet1

26.28

potential contribution to Electricity Supplycosts in 2020

Gas CCGT1.8 - 2.4pavailable now, but UK gas will run out within current decade~ 2p +

nuclear fission (long term)0 - 80+% (France)new inherently safe designs - some practical development needed2.5 - 3.5p

nuclear fusionnot available until 2040 at earliest

"Clean Coal"Basic components available - not viable without Carbon Sequestration

On Shore Wind2.5 - 3p~25%available now for commercial exploiation~ 2p

Off shore wind4 - 5p25 - 50%some technical development needed - research to reduce costs.~2.5p

Hydro3 - 4p5%technically mature, but limited potential2.5 - 3p

Photovoltaic12 - 16p50%available, but much research needed to bring down costs significantly10+ p

Energy Crops5 - 8p100% +available, but research needed in some areas2.5 - 4

Wave/Tidal Stream6 -8p100% +techology limited - extensive development unlikely before 20204 - 8p

Tidal Barrages?10 - 20%technology available but unlikely without Government interventionnot costed

Geothermal?unlikely for electricity generation before 2050 if then

Sheet2

potential contribution to Electricity Supply in 2020costs in 2020

Gas CCGT0 - 80% (currently 40% and rising)available now, but UK gas will run out within current decade~ 2p +

nuclear fission (long term)0 - 60% (France 80%) - (currently 20 - 25% and falling)new inherently safe designs - some practical development needed2.5 - 3.5p

nuclear fusionunavailablenot available until 2040 at earliest

"Clean Coal"Traditional Coal falling rapidly - coal could supply 40 - 50% by 2020Basic components available - not viable without Carbon Sequestration2.5 - 3.5p

Sheet3

Ultimate potential contribution to Electricity Supplycosts in 2020

On Shore Wind~25%available now for commercial exploitation~ 2p

Off shore wind25 - 50%some technical development needed - research to reduce costs.~2.5 - 3p

Hydro5%technically mature, but limited potential2.5 - 3p

Photovoltaic50%available, but much research needed to bring down costs significantly10+ p

Energy Crops100% +available, but research needed in some areas2.5 - 4

Wave/Tidal Stream100% +techology limited - extensive development unlikely before 20204 - 8p

Tidal Barrages10 - 20%technology available but unlikely without Government interventionnot costed

Geothermalunlikely for electricity generation before 2050 if then

Our Choices: They are difficultDo we want to exploit available renewables i.e onshore/offshore wind and biomass.If our answer is NODo we want to see a renewal of nuclear power Are we happy on this and the other attendant risks?If our answer is NO Do we want to return to using coal? then carbon dioxide emissions will rise significantlyunless we can develop carbon sequestration within 10 years which is unlikelyIf our answer to coal is NODo we want to leave things are they are and see continued exploitation of gas for both heating and electricity generation? >>>>>>

Our Choices: They are difficultIf our answer is YESBy 2020 we will be dependent on around 70% of our heating and electricity from GAS which will have to be imported from countries like Russia, Iran, Iraq, Libya, AlgeriaAre we happy with this prospect? >>>>>>If not:We need even more substantial cuts in energy use which could affect both industry and our ability to heat an light our homes in the future. Unless we are prepared to sacrifice our future to effects of Global WarmingDo we wish to reconsider our stance on renewables?Inaction or delays in decision making will lead us down the GAS option route and all the attendant Security issues that raises.

Our Choices: They are difficult

A diverse supply of renewables across the country will provide security[it is rare for the wind not to be blowing anywhere except on sunny days when solar energy output is at a peak]A diverse renewable supply will be local, and will be less prone to cascade power cuts such as those recently in US, London, Italy, Denmark.

Conventional generation is based on large units: 500 660 MW enough to supply over 1 million homes. These do fail from time to time, and require much greater backup than required for the failure of a few wind turbines.

Renewable generation is less prone to major interruptionBUT:Arent Renewables unreliable? we need secure supply

Our Choices: They are difficult A sustainable future requires Provision of technical means to improve efficiency Education to make people aware that their actions matter A diverse supply of renewable energyWind - Biomass > Solar > tidal > waveThese actions will lead to a greater security of energy supply Solar Thermal Hot Water Heaters (with Broadland District Council) Examining Photovoltaic possibilities Wind Energy on UEA Campus Star in the East Project Database of Good Practice Making links/partnerships Lobbying Parliament (e.g. over Biofuels)What is CRed doing? Some Examples

CRed and Wind EnergyUEA Campus SchemeEngage local communities even before most people in University knewCarry out questionnaire surveysExplain the difficult choices ahead

Most likely opposition group: committee dividedMembers of group surveyed (by their own questionnaire):

21% responded:50% in favour: 50% against

WEBSITEwww.cred-uk.org/This Presentation may be viewed on the WEB atwww2.env.uea.ac.uk/cred/creduea.htm