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PENGAJARAN DAN
PEMBELAJARAN
ABAD KE 21
DISEDIAKAN OLEH:
MOKHZANI FADIR
SISC+ BAHASA INGGERIS MENENGAH)
PPD LIPIS
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THE WORLD HAS CHANGED
We have moved into amore demanding cognitive
age, compelling people to
become better at
absorbing, processing andcombining information.
Can we learn to
change with it?
Who might our kindergarten children
be working with on an on-the-job
project in 2025?
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GLOBALIZATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF
THIS GENERATION
Because of globalization—the ongoing process of
intensifying economic, social, and cultural
exchanges across the planet—young people theworld over need more innovative thinking skills,
cultural awareness, higher-order cognitive skills,
and sophisticated communication and
collaboration skills than ever before.
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A CHANGING ECONOMY MAKES
“THINKIN SKILLS”
MORE IMPORTANT
19 195
2
2
4
6
8
1
Low skill jobs Knowledge work jobs
Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills
http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120
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21 ST CENTURY WORLD
The Future World of Work
Creative Work — • Research
• Development
• Design
• Marketing/Sales
• Global Supply Chain
Management
Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skillshttp://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120
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Job Outlook 2002, National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE)
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7 survival skills in the 21st century;
1.Critical thinking and problem solving;
2.Collaboration across networks andleading by influence;
3.Agility and adaptability;
4.Initiative and entrepreneurship;5.Effective oral and written
communication;
6.Accessing and analyzing information;and
7. Curiosity and imagination.
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Di Malaysia, Kementerian telah mengenal pasti kemahiranabad ke-21 yang sesuai dengan konteks tempatan dan
dapat menyediakan warga Malaysia untuk bersaing pada
peringkat antarabangsa. Untuk itu, kurikulum kebangsaanbermatlamat untuk melahirkan murid yang seimbang,
berdaya tahan, bersemangat ingin tahu, berprinsip,
bermaklumat,patriotik, serta mempunyai kemahiran
berfikir berkomunikasi, dan bekerja secara berpasukan
KEMAHIRAN ABAD KE 21-KPM
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KURIKULUM
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Pembelajaran abad ke-20
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Pembelajaran abad ke-21
Dipimpin guruArahan langsungPengetahuanKandunganKemahiran asas
TeoriKurikulumIndividuBilik darjahPentaksiran sumatif
Belajar untuk sekolah
Berasaskan muridPembelajaran kolaboratifKemahiranProsesPemikiran Aras Tinggi
PraktikalKemahiran hidupBerkumpulanKomunitiPentaksiran formatif
Belajar untuk kehidupan
Keseimbangan
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“sekolah harus menyediakan peluang pendidikandengan kurikulum berasaskan projek yangautentik dengan keadaan kehidupan sebenar,melibatkan murid menangani dan menyelesaikanmasalah kehidupan sebenar serta isu yangpenting dalam kehidupan sejagat. Pendidikanyang diberikan harus meningkatkan pengetahuandan kreativiti murid dan pada masa yang samamembolehkan murid berfikir, menaakul,membuat keputusan yang bijak, bekerja sebagai
ahli pasukan dan melihat perhubungan danperkaitan antara ilmu yang dipelajari merentaskurikulum.”
The American Association of School Administrators (AASA)
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Menggunakan teknologi
untuk mengakses,
mengurus, mengintegrasi
dan menilai maklumat,
menjana maklumat baru
dan berkomunikasidengan orang lain
Kemahiran
hidup &
kerjaya
Kemahiran
Teknologi
Maklumat,
Komunikasi &
Media
Standard
Pentaksiran
Kurikulum
Pembangunan Profesional
Persekitaran Pembelajaran
• Literasi Maklumat• Literasi Media
• Literasi Teknologi
Maklumat & Komunikasi)
•Kebolehsuaian &
fleksibel
•Mempunyai inisiatif dan
terarah kendiri
•Kemahiran sosial dan
antara budaya•Produktiviti &
akauntabiliti
• Tanggungjawab dan
kepimpinan
•Kreativiti & Inovasi
•Pemikiran Kritis dan
Penyelesaian Masalah
•Komunikasi & Kolaborasi
Standard kemahiran
Mata pelajaran teras
dan tema Abad ke-21
Kemahiran belajar &
Inovasi
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“Kandungan” bagi Abad ke-21
Kurikulum Teras + Tema
• Kesedaran global• Literasi kewangan, ekonomi, perdagangan dan
keusahawanan• Literasi sivik• Kesedaran Alam Sekitar• Kesedaran tentang
aspek kesihatan & kesejahteraan
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http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/world/worlds.htmhttp://www.fundraw.com/clipart/clip-art/00004415/Simple-Capitol/http://www.stockxpert.com/browse.phtml?f=view&id=567798
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Kemahiran belajar abad ke-21
• Kemahiran Maklumat & Komunikasi
– Literasi maklumat & media
– Kemahiran berkomunikasi
• Kemahiran Berfikir Dan Menyelesaikan Masalah
– Pemikiran kritikal dan Bersistem
– Penyelesaian Masalah
– Kreativiti & Semangat Meneroka
• Kemahiran Interpersonal & Arah Kendiri
– Kemahiran Interpersonal dan Kolaborasi
– Arah Kendiri
– Akauntabiliti & adaptasi
– Tanggungjawab Sosial
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Perubahan kepada hasrat pendidikan
Konteks pembelajaran baru membawa perubahan kepada apa yang
dijangkakan melalui pendidikan dan ini melibatkan:
– Kebolehan berkomunikasi
– Kebolehsesuaian untuk berubah
– Kebolehan bekerja dalam pasukan
– Kesediaan menyelesaikan masalah – Kebolehan menganalisis dan mengkonsepsikan
– Kebolehan membuat refleksi dan menambah baik
– Kebolehan mengurus kendiri
– Kebolehan mencipta, membuat inovasi dan mengkritik
– Kebolehan untuk belajar sepanjang hayat
– Kebolehan untuk mahir dalam pelbagai bidang (cross specialist )
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Kurikulum yang direkabentuk menuntut
kita untuk membuat pilihan tentang apakah
yang penting pada masa kini bagi
membantu pelajar untuk masa depanmereka.
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CIRI-CIRI INSAN MURID YANG DIHASRATKAN
Kreatif
Berupaya Membuat Hubung-kait Menyoal
Bijak berkomunikasi
Yakin – mengambil risiko
Dahagakan ilmu
Ingin tahu
Menjana idea
Fleksibel
Tidak berputus asa
Mendengar dan membuat refleksi
Kritikal
Berkemahiran
mampu mencorak
Menguasai kemahiran literasi
Berani Mencuba
Mampu berfikir sendiri
Membuat inisiatif Mampu bekerja dengan orang lain
Membuat perubahan
berintegriti
Berkeperibadian tinggi
Semangat ‘ sentiasa boleh’
Belajar dari kesilapan
Berdikari
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RUANG
BILIK DARJAH
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Nair and Fielding,
“the ‘early 20th century school design
standard (was) modeled after Henry Ford’s
factory production methods’. Model T.”
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It is a philosophy that starts with the assumption
that a predetermined number of students will all
learn the same thing at the same time from the
same person in the same way in the same place
for several hours each day.
(Nair, Fielding); The Language of School Design: Design Patterns
for 21st Century Scho ols
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21
st
century
classroom
setting
To alignphysical;
learning spacewith mentallearning space
Students
activelyengaged with
their ownlearning
Developinglearning
autonomy
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Design for multiple rhythms in the same classroom
Allow every one to be seen and heads
Take advantage of new media
Support the dynamic presentation of information
Design for mentoring and apprenticeship
Design for temporary ownership of space
DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM
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Campfire
A way to learnfrom experts or
storytellers
Watering hole
Learning prompeers
For small groupdiscourse andcollaboration
Cave
Places to learnfrom yourself
For individual study,refelction, quietreading and creativeflow
PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS
Collin, Steve; Classroom for the 21
st
century
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Campfire
A way tolearn fromexperts or
storytellers
Wateringhole
Learningprom peers
For smallgroupdiscourseandcollaboration
Cave
Places tolearn fromyourself
For individualstudy,refelction,quiet readingand creativeflow
Life
Where youbring it alltogether andapply is as in
the realworld
PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS
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1) Student-centric:
- students play an active role in their learning
and teachers serve as mere guides.
- Put students’ interests first and are focused
on each student’s needs, abilities and learning
styles.
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
2 ) Computing devices:
- Computers are readily available in modern
classrooms, since they are essential tools for
21st century students and replace the utilities
of pen and paper.
- Computing devices greatly assist in teaching
and learning and make them more engaging
and effective.
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
3) Active learning:
In modern classrooms, students are actively
engaged in what they learn. Students
participate in more active learning by working
in groups or on computers and complete
projects and other interesting activities that
help them discover new skills.
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
4) Adaptive learning:
Any classroom will always have students of
different types of learning abilities in it which
often makes it difficult for teachers to make
sure that all of them understand the concepts.
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
5) Invitational environment:
The classrooms should not be cramped or
overcrowded. Modern classrooms should have
the basic material required for teaching such
as, interactive whiteboards and LCD projectors
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
6) Students understand and follow the rules
and procedures:
The learning environment is carefully planned
and well-organized. Class rules, procedures,
and notices of upcoming activities are posted
in convenient places to help students stay on
track.
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
7 ) Mutual respect:
- Teachers and students should always have
respect for each other.
- teachers should encourage students to speak
with confidence and value their opinions
- students should also co-operate with and
respect their classmates.
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
8) Students take responsibility of their
learning: As students are encouraged to
actively participate in their own learning, they
become responsible for their learning
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
9) Performance-based assessments:
Regular performance-based assessments are
carried out by teachers through various
methods which are not restricted to tests.
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THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21
ST
CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
10) Collaborative learning:
Learning through collaboration is one of the
most effective forms of learning .
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CAMPFIRE
WATERING HOLE
CAVE
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GURU
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From primary role as a dispenser of
information to orchestrator of learningand helping students turn information into
knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom.
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