K. Barish

Kenneth N. BarishSpin 2006

Kyoto JapanOct 2, 2006

PHENIX Spin Program PHENIX Spin Program Recent results & prospects

K. Barish

Proton Spin Structure at PHENIX

Prompt Photon LLA (gq X)

q1T

Measurement of

the transversity

and Sivers distribution

q,f q q

Flavor separation of

the quark and

anti-quark sea

and G

First moment of the

spin dependent

gluon disbribution

L lA (u d W )

T

,

A p p ( , ) X

Interference fragmentation:

:Transversity q

NSingle Asymmetries A Production LLA (gg,gq X) W Production

L lA (u d W )

Heavy Flavors LLA (gg cc,bb X)

TTDrell Yan A

K. Barish

Philosophy (initial Philosophy (initial

design):design): High rate capability & granularityHigh rate capability & granularity Good mass resolution & particle IDGood mass resolution & particle ID Sacrifice acceptanceSacrifice acceptance

The PHENIX Detector for Spin Physics

detectionElectromagnetic Calorimeter:

Drift ChamberRing Imaging Cherenkov Counter

JMuon Id/Muon Tracker

Relative LuminosityBeam Beam Counter (BBC) Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC)

Local Polarimetry - ZDC

Filters for “rare” events

K. Barish

PHENIX polarized-proton runs

Year s [GeV] Recorded L Pol [%] FOM (P4L)

2003 (Run 3) 200 .35 pb-1 27 1.5 nb-1

2004 (Run 4) 200 .12 pb-1 40 3.3 nb-1

2005 (Run 5) 200 3.4 pb-1 46 150 nb-1

2006 (Run 6) 200 7.5 pb-1 62 1100 nb-1

2006 (Run 6) 62.4 .08 pb-1 ** 48 4.2 nb-1 **

Longitudinally Polarized Runs

Transversely Polarized Runs

Year s [GeV] Recorded L Pol [%] FOM (P2L)

2001 (Run 2) 200 .15 pb-1 15 3.4 nb-1

2005 (Run 5) 200 .16 pb-1 47 38 nb-1

2006 (Run 6) 200 2.7 pb-1 57 880 nb-1

2006 (Run 6) 62.4 .02 pb-1 ** 48 4.6 nb-1 **

** initial estimate

K. Barish

Total Raw Data Volumes

Production for Production for allall PHENIX data-sets completed by start of Run- PHENIX data-sets completed by start of Run-77

WAN data transfer and data production at CC-J in RIKEN, Wako Japan» 60MB/s sustained rate using grid60MB/s sustained rate using grid» 570 Tb transferred in Runs 5 & 6570 Tb transferred in Runs 5 & 6

K. Barish

prompt photon

cceX

bbeXJ/

GS95

xG

(x)

Robust measurement covering wide Robust measurement covering wide xxgg region through region through multiple channels:multiple channels:

I. Gluon PolarizationI. Gluon Polarization

ResultsResultsπ0 200GeV – Run 3, 4, 5

(prelim + minbias), 6 (level2) 64GeV – Run 6 (prelim)

πRun 5 (prelim)

Jet-like Run 4, 5(prelim)

Run 5(prelim)

J/Run 5, 6 (level2)

Photon Coming soon.

gggg

G

G

G

G

gqgq

G

G

q

q

qqqq

q

q

q

q

gg QQ

G

G

G

G

gq g

G

G

q

q

K. Barish

Measuring ALL

Helicity Dependent Particle Yields (Local) Polarimetry (ZDC) Relative Luminosity (R=L++/L+-) – BBC (ZDC)

ALL

++ same helicity+ opposite helicity

Year [GeV] R ALL

2005 * 200 1.0e-4 2.3e-4

2006 * 200 1.1e-4 1.5e-4

2006 * 62.4 1.3e-3 2.8e-3* Longitudinal

K. Barish

0 cross section at 200GeV

NLO pQCD calculations are consistent with cross-section measurements

g2 gq q2

2P2 2x P

1P

1 1x P

K. Barish

ALL of 0 at s=200GeV Kieran Boyle 2A: Tues 14:15

Lower pT Run6 points will come with full production

K. Barish

ALL of 0 at s=200GeV

Run5 data not consistent GRSV-max in this x-range.Run6 sufficient to differentiate GRV-std from g=0

g = 0.42at Q2=1(GeV/c)2

best fit to DIS data

g = 1.84 Kieran Boyle 2A: Tues 14:15

K. Barish Low FoM but good high-x coverage

T Tx =2p s

ALL of 0 at s=62.4GeV

Kazuya Aoki 2A: Tues 14:30

K. Barish

ALL of at s=200GeV

Run 5

Astrid Morreale 2A: Tues 16:15

Tp ~ 5GeV

+ 0 -

+ 0 -u u u

LL LL LL

qg starts to dominate for and D D >DExpect sensitivity to sign of G, e.g., positive A A A

K. Barish

K. Barish

ALL of jet-like cluster at s=200GeV

Kenichi Nakano 2A: Tues 17:00

Run 5

2P 2 2x P

1P

1 1x P

» “Jet” detection: tag one high energy photon and sum energy of nearby photons and charged particles

» Definition of pT cone: sum of pT measured by EMCal and tracker with R = (||2+||2)

» Real pT of jet is evaluated by tuned PYTHIA

K. Barish

ALL of and J/at s=200GeV

» Complementary to 0 measurement

» fragmentation function net yet available.

Frank Ellinghaus 2A: Tues 16:30

g2 gq q22P 2 2x P

1P

1 1x P

gg QQ

G

G

G

G

Ming Liu 2A: Fri 19:05

K. Barish

“Golden Channel”» Gluon Compton Dominates» PHENIX well suited, but not easy & requires substantial L &

P

hep-ex/

0609031

Prompt production at s=200GeV

Run 3

Takuma Horaguchi 2A: Tues 17:15

1g

gL LT

pqL L

g(x )

g(xA (x ) a

)A (p )

2P 2 2x P

1P

1 1x P

qqgq

K. Barish

ALL of prompt at s=200GeV

Run 5

Takuma Horaguchi 2A: Tues 17:15

isolated pi0 photon

signal

ALL

coming soon!

R E

1.0)5.0(

5.022

ERE

R

sum

Isolation cut toIsolation cut to reduce background

K. Barish

II. Transverse Spin (AII. Transverse Spin (ANN))(Collins effect)

spin-dependentfragmentation

functions

(Sivers effect)transversely asymmetric

kt quark distributions

(Twist-3)quark gluon field

interference

π0/π/h

» 200GeV – run 2 (published), 5 (prelim)

» 64GeV – run 6 (prelim)

J/» Run 6 (level2)

Forward neutron – , xF

dependenceMPC

0o CAL

MU

ON

CE

NT

RA

L

XF 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8PT

BBC

MPC

Kinematical Coverage @ 200GeV

0 1 2 3 4 5Rapidity

q1Tq,f ,L

K. Barish

Forward neutrons at s=200GeVAN

Without MinBias -6.6 ±0.6 %

With MinBias -8.3 ±0.4 %

neutronchargedparticles

Run 5

K. Barish

Manabu Togawa 4: Mon 16:15

Large cross section is measured at √s=200GeV and consistent with xF.

K. Barish

AN of J/ at s=200GeV

Sensitive to gluon Sivers as produced through g-g fusion Charm theory prediction is available

» How does J/production affect prediction? Han Liu 2B: Tues 17:50

K. Barish

AN of 0 and h for y~0 at s=200GeV

π0 (2001/02)

pt (GeV/c)

pt (GeV/c)

hep-ex/0507073(hep-ex/0507073)

AN is 0 within 1% interesting contrast with forward

PRL 95(2005)202001

|| < 0.35

Run 2Run 5

May provide information on gluon-Sivers effect gg and qg processes are dominant

— transversity effect is suppressed

K. Barish

Di-Hadron Azimuthal Correlations

Possible helicitydependence

Spin-correlated transverse momentum (orbital angular momentum) may contribute to jet kT.

Doug Fields 2B: Tues 16:45

Run 5

K. Barish

0 detection in forward direction» 3.1 < || < 3.65

South arm installed for Run 6 test.» Expect 200GeV

longitudinal and 62GeV longitudinal & transverse results

North currently being installed and will be ready for Run 7

Muon Piston Calorimeter (MPC)

Mickey Chiu 2B: Mon 16:30

Andrey Kazantsev 2A: Mon 15:15

MIP Peak

K. Barish

High luminosity and polarization » 200 & 500 GeV Running

Upgrades» Muon trigger upgrade» Nose-Cone Calorimeter Upgrade » Silicon barrel and forward upgrade

III. Future III. Future ProspectsProspects

K. Barish

Neutral pion projections

see Spin report to DOE http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/

Spin plan:Spin plan:» 65 pb-1 at √s=200GeV & 70% pol» 309 pb-1 at √s=500GeV & 70% pol

K. Barish

Prompt photon projections

Spin plan:Spin plan:» 65 pb-1 at √s=200GeV & 70% pol» 309 pb-1 at √s=500GeV & 70% pol

see Spin report to DOE http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/

K. Barish

PHENIX Upgrade Components

pmuon

Muons from WsMuons from hadrons

R1

Muon fromhadron decays

Muon from W

R3

endcap

charm/beauty & jets: displaced vertex

Nosecone calorimeter W and quarkonium: improved -trigger rejection

-jet,e,,c

R2

Silicon barrel

K. Barish

NCCNCC

MP

C

MP

C

VTX & FVTX

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 rapidity

cove

rage

2

EM

CA

LE

MC

AL

(i) 0 and prompt with combination of all electromagnetic calorimeters(ii) heavy flavor with precision vertex tracking with silicon detectors (iii) combine (i)&(ii) for -jet measurements

Future Acceptance for Hard Probes

K. Barish

Flavor separation of q and q sea

Helicity of quarks defined » Produced in parity

violating V-A processFlavor almost fixed: flavor analysis possible» Couples to weak charge

PHENIX-Muon Arms

W a b a bL

a b a b

u(x )d(x ) d(x )u(x )A

u(x )d(x ) d(x )u(x )

Requires high luminosity 500GeV running + high rate muon trigger

John Lajoie 2A: Fri 18:45

W productionW production

K. Barish

Spin Physics with Silicon Vertex Upgrade

Access heavy-flavor through measurement of displaced vertices.

Rough jet and xg determination for -jet measurements

K. Barish x

K. Barish

Nose Cone CalorimeterNCC Spin physics …NCC Spin physics …– Expands PHENIX’s kinematical coverage for jets, inclusive

neutral pions, electrons, and photons to forward rapidity – Detection of both hadron jet and final state photon

possible with the NCC and new silcon tracking detectors.– G with NCC at low-x through jet-G with NCC at low-x through jet-, , 00, e-, e-, open charm., open charm.– Isolation cut for W-bosons

log(xlog(xgg))

NCCNCC

centralcentral

fullfull

500 GeV 500 GeV Central arms prompt

10-110-210-310-410-5 110-1

1

10

102

103

104

NCC prompt NCC prompt

SLAC/ HERMES

SMC

xx

500 GeV 500 GeV QQ22

K. Barish

SummarySummaryPHENIX is well suited to the study of spin physics with a wide variety of probes.» G with neutral and charged pions, photons, etas, heavy

flavor via muons and electrons, multi-particle “jets” …» Anti-quark helicity distribution via W decay» Transversity and Sivers distributions

New ALL measurements» Run 5 (π, jet-like, , minbias π0) and Run6 (filtered π0 & J/)» Statistics at level to differentiate GRSV-std from G=0.

New AN measurements» Run 6 J/, forward neutrons ( & xF), & forward 0 (MPC)

We have an upgrade plan that will give us the triggers and vertex information that we need for precise future measurements of G, q and new physics at higher luminosity and energy

Enjoy all the PHENIX talks detailing our results!

K. Barish

PHENIX talks at Spin06Monday, October 2 (Session 4)

16:15 Manabu Togawa (Kyoto) Measurement of the Cross Section and the Single Transverse Spin Asymmetry of Forward Neutrons from p-p Collisions at RHIC-PHENIX.

Tuesday, October 3 (Session 2A)

14:15 Kieran Boyle (Stonybrook) Double Longitudinal Spin Asymmetry in Neutral Pion Production in Polarized p+p Collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV at PHENIX

14:30 Kazuya Aoki (Kyoto) Double Helicity Asymmetry of Inclusive Neutral Pion Production in Polarized pp Collisions at sqrt(s)=62.4 GeV

15:15 Andrey Kazantsev (Kurchatov Inst.) Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetry in Inclusive Neutral Pion Production at Forward Rapidities in sqrt(s) = 62 GeV Polarized pp Collisions at RHIC

16:15 Astrid Morreale (California- Riverside) Accessing the Gluon Polarization through the Double-Helicity Asymmetry in Charged Pion Production at PHENIX

16:30 Frank Ellinghaus (Colorado) Longitudinal Double Spin Asymmetry and Cross Section for η Production in Polarized pp Collisions at PHENIX

17:00 Kenichi Nakano (Titech) Measurement of Double Helicity Asymmetry in Multi-Particle Productions at PHENIX

17:15 Takuma Horaguchi (CNS) Measurement of the Direct Photon Production in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt{s}=200 GeV with PHENIX

Tuesday, October 3 (Session 2B)

16:30 Mickey Chiu (Illinois) Single Spin Transverse Asymmetries of Neutral Pions at Forward Rapidities in sqrt(s)=62 GeV Polarized Proton Collisions at RHIC

17:15 Han Liu (New Mexico State) Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry Measurement with Heavy Flavors in Polarized p+p Collisions at RHIC

Friday, October 6 (Session 2A)

14:15 Ran Han (Peking) The Polarization of Anti-Lambda Produced in sqrt{s}=200 GeV Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions

18:45 John Lajoie (Iowa State) The PHENIX Muon Trigger Upgrade

19:00 Ming X. Liu (LANL) Measurement of Double Longitudinal Spin Asymmetry in Heavy Flavor Production at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV at RHIC

Friday, October 6 (Session 2B)

16:45 Douglas Fields (New Mexico/RBRC) kT Asymmetry in Longitudinal Polarized pp Collisions at PHENIX

K. Barish

USA Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA University of Colorado, Boulder, CO Columbia University, Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY Florida Institute of Technology, FL Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, IL Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA University of Maryland, College Park, MD University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM Dept. of Chemistry, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY Dept. Phys. and Astronomy, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN

Brazil University of São Paulo, São PauloChina Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing Peking University, BeijingCzech Charles University, Prague, Republic Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, PragueFinland University of Jyvaskyla, JyvaskylaFrance LPC, University de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand Dapnia, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay LLR, Ecòle Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Palaiseau SUBATECH, Ecòle des Mines at Nantes, NantesGermany University of Münster, MünsterHungary Central Research Institute for Physics (KFKI), Budapest Debrecen University, Debrecen Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest India Banaras Hindu University, Banaras Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, BombayIsrael Weizmann Institute, RehovotJapan Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima KEK, Institute for High Energy Physics, Tsukuba Kyoto University, Kyoto Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki RIKEN, Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, Wako RIKEN-BNL Research Center, Upton, NY Rikkyo University, Toshima, Tokyo Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Waseda University, Tokyo S. Korea Cyclotron Application Laboratory, KAERI, Seoul Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea Kangnung National University, Kangnung Korea University, Seoul Myong Ji University, Yongin City System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul Nat. University, Seoul Yonsei University, SeoulRussia Institute of High Energy Physics, Protovino Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Kurchatov Institute, Moscow PNPI, St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg Lomonosoy Moscow State University, Moscow St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. PetersburgSweden Lund University, Lund

14 Countries; 68 Institutions; 550 Participants

K. Barish

Extra slides…

K. Barish

Philosophy:Philosophy: High rate capability & granularityHigh rate capability & granularity Good mass resolution & particle Good mass resolution & particle IDID Sacrifice acceptanceSacrifice acceptance

The PHENIX Detector for Spin Physics

detectionElectromagnetic Calorimeter: High pT photon trigger to collect 0, , Acceptance: x High granularity (~10*10mrad2)

Drift Chamber/Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter High pT charged pions (pT>4.7 GeV).

JMuon Id/Muon Tracker Multiple muon triggers.

Relative LuminosityBeam Beam Counter (BBC) (3.0< 3.9)Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) (±2 mrad)

Local Polarimetry - ZDCFilters “rare” events for fast analysis

Dimuon for J/ pT>2.5 GeV photon for 0

K. Barish

Run Year Species s1/2 [GeV ] Ldt NTot p-p Equivalent Data Size

01 2000 Au+Au 130 1 b-1 10M 0.04 pb-1 3 TB

02 2001/2002 Au+Au 200 24 b-1 170M 1.0 pb-1 10 TB

p+p 200 0.15 pb-1 3.7G 0.15 pb-1 20 TB

03 2002/2003 d+Au 200 2.74 nb-1 5.5G 1.1 pb-1 46 TB

p+p 200 0.35 pb-1 6.6G 0.35 pb-1 35 TB

04 2003/2004 Au+Au 200 241 b-1 1.5G 10.0 pb-1 270 TB Au+Au 62 9 b-1 58M 0.36 pb-1 10 TB

05 2004/2005 Cu+Cu 200 3 nb-1 8.6G 11.9 pb-1 173 TB Cu+Cu 62 0.19 nb -1 0.6G 0.8 pb-1 48 TB Cu+Cu 22.5 2.7 b-1 9M 0.01 pb-1 1 TB p+p 200 3.8 pb -1 85B 3.8 pb-1 270 TB

06 2006 p+p 200 10.7 pb-1 230B 10.7 pb-1 310 TB p+p 62 0.1 pb -1 28B 0.1 pb-1 25 TB

Run-1 to Run-6 Capsule History

K. Barish

Take advantage of collaboration resources:» Run-5

– Cu+Cu 200 GeV at RCF May to August, 2006, 1.7G events in 4 months

– Cu+Cu 62.4 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm Feb to March , 2006 0.6G events in 2 months

– Cu+Cu 22.5 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm A few days to process 9M events

– p+p 200 GeV at CC-J in Japan p+p 200 GeV at CC-J in Japan Essentially completeEssentially complete All (270 TB) shipped via network All (270 TB) shipped via network

to CC-J.to CC-J.– Level-2 stream produced at ORNL

» Run-6 – p+p 62 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farmp+p 62 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm

CompleteComplete– p+p 200 GeV at PHENIX 1008 p+p 200 GeV at PHENIX 1008

farmfarm Production for transverse Production for transverse

polarization underwaypolarization underway– p+p 200 GeV at PHENIX CC-Jp+p 200 GeV at PHENIX CC-J

Production for longitudinal Production for longitudinal polarization about to startpolarization about to start

– Level-2 produced at Vanderbilt» Simulation at Vanderbilt, LLNL, New Mexico

WAN data transfer and data production at CC-J (computing center in Japan, RIKEN, Wako)» 60MB/s sustained rate60MB/s sustained rate» 6 TB/day = 70 MB/sec max6 TB/day = 70 MB/sec max» Run5pp: 260 TB transferredRun5pp: 260 TB transferred» Run6pp: 310 TB transferredRun6pp: 310 TB transferred

– 200 GeV transverse/radial 100 TB– 200 GeV longitudinal 160 TB– 62.4 GeV 50

TB

Production for Production for allall PHENIX data-sets completed by start of Run-7 PHENIX data-sets completed by start of Run-7

PHENIX Data Production

K. Barish

Use Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) to measure a L-R and U-D asymmetry in forward neutrons (Acceptance: ±2 mrad).

When transversely polarized, we see clear asymmetry.

When longitudinally polarized, there should be no asymmetry.

BLUE YELLOW

Raw

as

ymm

etry

Raw

as

ymm

etry

Idea: Use neutron asymmetry to study transversely polarized component.

BLUE YELLOW

Raw

as

ymm

etry

Raw

as

ymm

etry

Local Polarimetry at PHENIX

K. Barish

<PT/P>=10.25±2.05(%)<PL/P> =99.48±0.12±0.02(

%)<PT/P>=14.47±2.20(%)<PL/P> =98.94±0.21±0.04(

%)

2/NDF = 88.1/97p0 = -0.00323±0.00059

2/NDF = 82.5/97p0 = -0.00423±0.00057

LR

LR

UD

UD

XF>0 XF>0

XF<0 XF<0

2/NDF = 119.3/97p0 = -0.00056±0.00063

2/NDF = 81.7/97p0 = -0.00026±0.00056

Fill NumberFill Number

Measured Asymmetry Longitudinal Running (2005)

K. Barish

Calculate ALL(+BG) and ALL(BG) separately.

Get background ratio (wBG) from fit of all data.

Subtract ALL(BG) from ALL(+BG):

ALL(+BG) = w · ALL() + wBG · ALL(BG)

This method is also used for other probes with two particle decay mode:

, J/

Calculating 0 ALL

K. Barish

Forward Neutron asymmetry reduced at 62 GeV, but still measurable.

xpos

xpos

xpos

xpos

Red : transverse data, Blue : longitudinal data

Blue Forward Blue Backward

Yellow BackwardYellow Forward

<PLR/AN>

BLUE 0.065 ± 0.143

YELLOW 0.132 ± 0.100

<PUD/AN>

BLUE -0.025 ± 0.119

YELLOW -0.020 ± 0.093

PLBLUE 100% – 2.3%

PLYELLOW 100% – 2.2%

62 GeV: Local Polarimetry

K. Barish

ALL of 0 at s=62.4GeV

Low FoM but good high-x coverage

Kazuya Aoki 2A: Tues 14:30

Run 6

K. Barish

Additional topics…

Single electron and muon ALL

» RUN2 single muon from heavy flavor decay hep-ex/060932» RUN5 single electron from heavy flavor decay

hep-ex/0609010

AN of jet kT

Anti-lambda» Spin transfer» A_LL for polarized PDFs

Ran Han 2A: Fri 14:15