Joint Movement Range Muscle Group (S)1. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

(Synovial joint)a. Open mouth

b. Close mouthc. Protrusion : push out lower jawd. Retrusion : tuck in lower jawe. Lateral motion : slide jaw from side

to side

1-25 inComplete closure0,5 in0,5 in0,5 in

Masseter, temporalisPterygoideus lateralis

Pterygoideus lateralis, pterygoideus medialis

2. Cervical Spine (Pivot joint)a. Flexion : rest chin on chestb. Extension : return head to midlinec. Hyperextension : tilt head backd. Lateral flexion : move head to

touch ear to shouldere. Rotation : turn head to look to side

45 degrees each side

45 degrees10 degrees40 degrees each side

90 degrees each side

SternocleidomastoidTrapeziusTrapeziusSternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid, trapezius

3. Shoulder (ball and socket joint)a. Flexion : raise straight arm forward

to a position above the headb. Extension : retur straight arm

foward and down to side of bodyc. Hyperextension : move straight

arm behind bodyd. Abduction : move straight arm

laterally from side to a position above the head, calm facing away from head

e. Adduction : move straight arm downward laterally and across front of body as far as possible

f. Circumduction : move straight arm in a full circle

g. External rotation : bent arm lateral pararell to floor, palm down, rotate shoulder so finger point up

h. Internal rotation : bend arm lateral, pararell to floor, rotate shoulder so fingers point down

180 degrees180 degrees50 degrees180 degrees230 degrees360 degrees90 degrees90 degrees

Pectoralis ajor, coracobrachialis, deltoid, biceps brachiLatissimus dorsi, deltoid, triceps brachi, teres majorLatissimus dorsi, deltoid, teres majorDeltoid, supraspinatusPectoralis major, teres majorDeltoid coracobrachialis, latissmus dorsi, teres majorIntraspinatus, teres minor, deltoidSubscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

4. Elbow (hinge joint)a. Flexion : bend elbow, move lower

arm toward shoulder, palm facing shoulder

b. Extension : straighten lower arm forward and downward

c. Rotation for supination : elbow

150 degrees150 degrees

70 degrees to 90 degrees

70 degrees tp 90 degrees

Biceps brachi, brachialis, brachioradialisTriceps brachiBiceps brachi, supinatorPronator teres, pronator quadratus

bent, tur hand and forearm so palm is facing upward

d. Rotation for pronation : elbow bend turn hand forearm so palm is facing downward

5. Wrist (Condyloid joint)a. Flexion : bend wrist so fingers move toward inner aspect of forearmb. Extension : straigten hand to same plane as armc. Hyperextension : bend wrist to fingers move back as far as possibled. Radial flexion : abduction-bend wrist interally toward thumbe. Ulnar flexion : adduction-bend wrist laterally away from thumb

80 degrees to 90 degrees

80 degrees to 90 degrees

80 degrees to 90 degreesUp to 20 degrees

30 degrees to 50 degrees

Plexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnarisExtensor carpi, radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnarisExtensor carpi, radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialisExtensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris

6. Hand and Fingers (Condyloid and Hinge Joint)a. Flexion : make a fistb. Extension : starighten fingersc. Hyperextension : bend fingers back as far as possibled. Abduction : spread fingers aparte. Adduction : bring fingers together

90 degrees90 degrees

30 degrees to 50 degrees25 degrees25 degrees

Interosseus dorsals manus, flexor digitorum supericialsExtensor indicis, extensor digiti minimiExtensor indicis, extensor digiti minimiInterosseus dorsalis manusInterosseus palmares

7. Thumb (Saddle Joint)a. Flexion : move thumb across palmar surface of handb. Extension : move thum away from handc. Abduction : move thumb laterallyd. Adduction : move thumb back to hande. Opposition : touch thumb to tip of each finger of same hand

90 degrees90 degrees30 degrees30 degreestouching

Lexor potiois brevis, opponens policisExtensor policis brevis, extensor policis longusAbductor policis brevis, abductor policis longusAdductor policis transversus, adductor policis obliquusOpponens policis, flexor policis brevis

8. hip (ball and socket joint)a. Flexion : move straight leg forward

and upwardb. Extension : move leg back beside the

other leg

c. Hyperextension : move leg behind body

d. Abduction : move leg laterally from midline

e. Adduction : move leg back past

90 Degrees To 120 Degrees

90 Degrees To 120 Degrees

30 Degrees To

Psoas Major, Iliacus, Ilippsoas

Gluteus Maximus, Adductor Magnus, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

Gluteus Maximus, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

midline

f. Circumduction : move leg backward in a circle

g. Internal rotation : turn foot and leg inward, pointing toes toward other leg

h. External rotation : turn foot and leg cutward, pointing toes away from other leg

50 Degrees

40 Degrees To 50 Degrees

20 Degrees To 30 Degrees

360 Degrees

90 Degrees

90 Degrees

Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus

Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus

Psoas Major, Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Adductor Magnus

Gluteus Minimus, Gluteus Medius, Tensor Fasciae Latae

Obturator Externus, Obturator Internus, Quadratus Femoris

9. Knee (Hinge Joint)a. Flexion : bend knee to bring heal back toward thighb. Extension : straighten each leg place foot beside other foot

120 degrees to 130 degrees

120 degrees to 130 degrees

Eliceps femoris, semitendnosus, semimembranosus

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

10. Ankle (Hinge Joint)a. Plantar flexion : point toes downwardb. Dorsiflexion : point toes upward

45 degrees to 50 degrees20 degrees

Gastroonemius, soleusPeroneus tertius, tibialis anterior

11. foot (gliding joint)a. eversion : turn o foot laterallyb. inversion : turn side of foot medially

5 degrees5 degrees

Peroneus longus, peroneus brevisTibialis posterior, tibialis anterior

12. toes (condyloid)a. flexion : curve toes downwardb. extension : straighten toesc. abduction : spread toes apartd. adduction : bring toes together

35 degrees to 60 degrees

35 degrees to 60 degreesUp to 15 degreesUp to 15

Flexor hallucis brevis, lumbricales pedis, flexor digitorum brevisExtensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor halucis longusInterosseus dorsalis pedis, abductor hallucis

degrees Adductor haluccis, intercosseus plantares