C19th  Architectural  History

England  and  Europe

Key  Historical  events1789-­‐  French  Revolu>on1792-­‐  Republic  declared  in  France1801-­‐  Britain  abolishes  slavery1804-­‐  Napoleon  crowned  Emperor  in  Paris1805-­‐  Nelson  wins  BaIle  of  Trafalgar1832-­‐  Great  Reform  Bill,  England1837-­‐  Queen  Victoria  ascends  to  the  throne1848-­‐9-­‐  Declara>on  of  the  2nd  Republic  in  France1859-­‐  Darwin  publishes  Origin  of  Species1876-­‐  Alexander  Bell’s  telephone1878-­‐  Edison-­‐  incandescent  light  bulb1901-­‐  Queen  Victoria  dies.

‘…  great  period  of  intellectual  ques2oning  which  historians  have  called  The  Enlightenment  and  fuelled  by  the  social  and  poli2cal  and  economic  upheavals  and  challenges  of  a  century  and  a  half  con>nually  made  aware,  anxious  even,  of  the  changes  that  separated  it  from  the  past,  

architecture  aXer  1750  became  self-­‐consciously  experimental    as  never  before’-­‐Bergdoll

Stylis>c  dichotomies

Ironbridge  at  Coalbrookdale

Plan  of  Edinburgh’s  New  Town.  Kirkwood  map,  1819.

Residen>al  street,  Edinburgh

BaIle  of  the  Styles

‘Architecture  owes  all  that  is  perfect  to  the  Greeks’

Laugier,  An  Essay  on  Architecture,  1753.

Foreign  Office,  Whitehall.  View  from  St  James’s  Park  with  the  Clive  Steps.

Strawberry  Hill.  Pain>ng  of  the  library  at  Strawberry  Hill.  Horace  Walpole’s  villa.

Houses  of  Parliament

Ground  floor  plan

Monet.  Houses  of  Parliament,  London,  Sun  Breaking  Through  the  Fog,  1904.

Law  Courts,  The  Strand.  Photograph  c.1890

Natural  History  Museum.  South  Kensington.

Leeds  town  hall.  Cuthbert  Broderick.

Manchester  town  hall.  Alfred  Waterhouse.

Gandy.  Bank  of  England  imagined  in  ruins.

Regents  Park

Walhalla.  Leo  von  Klenze.

Pain>ng  1836.

‘Every  great  period  of  civilisa>on  has  leX  behind  its  own  style  of  architecture,  why  shouldn’t  we  aIempt  to  find  a  style  of  our  own?’

-­‐Karl  Friedrich  Schinkel

Schauspielhaus,  Berlin.  Karl  Friedrich  Schinkel

Altes  Museum.  Museum  Insel.  Berlin.  Schinkel.

Polvtechnicum,  Karlsruhe.  Heinrich  Hubsch.  1833-­‐35.

Rundbogens2l.

Adolphe  Yvon.  Napoleon  III  Hands  Over  the  Decree  Allowing  the  AnnexaFon  of  the  Suburban  Coomunes  of  Paris  to  Baron  Georges  Haussmann  in  June  1859.  1859

Haussmanian  addi>ons  to  Paris

Les  Halles,  Paris.  Baltard.

Eduard  Detaille.  Opening  of  the  Paris  Opera  House.  1875

Gustave  CaillboIe.  A  Rainy  Day.  1877

Ringstrasse.  Vienna.