khmearak university, kubasic translation chapter 1: what is translation? 20014 facilitator: mr. uon...

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY

KUBasic Translation Methods

Year 3 - Semester 1Basic Translation Methods

Year 3 - Semester 1

Chapter 1 – Introduction to

Translation

Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA & PhD. Can.

KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014

Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MA, and PhD Can. Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87 Email: [email protected]

Session 1- 31

Introduction to Translation

What is translation?



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As a subject, translation is defined as all the processes and methods used to convey meaning of the source language into the target language by means of :

* The verb “translate” has been equated with synonyms such as “render”, “rephrase”, “transmit”, “re express” “replace”.




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We "render", "reproduce", "convey", and "transfer"

For example:

write សរសេសរ/និ�ពនិ�/ចារក/ចារ

បញ្ចូ �លសេ�� writ in សេ��សេ�� ត





• DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION • Translation is a phenomenon that has a huge

effect on everyday life. If we look at a general dictionary, we find the following definition of the term translation:

• translation (n). – 1 . the act or an instance of translating. – 2 . a written or spoken expression of the meaning

of a word, speech, book, etc. in another language.



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• DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION• “Translation is the communication of

the meaning of a source-language text (SLT) by means of an equivalent target-language text (TLT).”



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Translation and interpretation- Translators work with the written words,

transferring text from a source language to a target one.

- Interpreter work with spoken words, , transferring speed from a source language to a target one.



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SenderEncodin

gM

Interpreter

Decoding

Receiver

MEncodin

g

Decoding

FeedbackFeedback

Communication through an interpreter



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Translation and interpretation

– Encoding: A message is sent to a receiver in written words or other symbols.

–Decoding: The receiver translates the written words or symbols into a concept or information that he or she can understand.



Translation and interpretation

• “Verbatim” translation is not always possible.• Translators have freedom than interpreters do.• A translator usually have the free time to think.• An interpreter should facilitate mutual understanding

and comprehension.• An interpreter must decode what the speaker says

and then decode the message for the listener.• A good interpreter has linguistic, culture, & technical

fluency, and should be chosen with a great care, and must be fluent in the language of the field in which he/she translates.



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The Effective Use of Interpreter

• Hire your own interpreter

• Whenever possible, meet with interpreter beforehand

• Hire qualified professionals – do not ask a colleague from another department to translate for you unless it is that person’s job to translate for others.



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• Check the technical expertise of the interpreter

• Inform the interpreter of your business plan & objectives

• Provide the interpreter breaks – interpreter is hard work, needing the right environment.

• Speak clearly – interpreter is fluent in your language.



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• Concentrate on the business partner, not on the interpreter.

• Find out about the role the interpreter on the other sides

• Check the work of the interpreter, especially numbers – as numbers can be difficult to translate & misunderstand can occur easily, you should write out the numbers on the safe side.



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What do we translate?

• We translate nothing but "MEANING".• We are always interested in how these elements

combine, produce, influence, reflect and crystallize meaning.

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What is Meaning?

• It is a complicated network of language components

• It is the product of different elements of language. Taken together occurring in a certain type of texts and contexts, and directed to a certain kind of readership.

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What is Meaning?

language components

Words (vocabulary

Grammar (syntax)

Style

Sounds (Phonology)

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How do we translate?

Making use of two concepts

• Processes of Translation Methods of Translation

• Transfer Analysis Restructuring



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Processes of Translation

• Translation is a communicative process, and it has to deal with the following processes:

1. Analysis (Comprehension)2. Transfer3. Restructuring (Rearrangement or rewriting)



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• We have to distinguish between Translating: the process which refers to the activity

rather than the tangible object, and Translation: the product of the process of translating, i.e.

the translated text.

• The word translation can also refer to the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translating and the product of that process.

Translation: Process vs. Product



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• In order to arrive at a comprehensive and useful understanding of the process of translating we need to draw on the resources of linguistics, particularly, psycholinguistics and socio linguistics. The first of these examines the process in the mind of the translator, the second places the source language text (SLT) and the target language text (TLT) in their cultural context.

Translation: Process vs. Product



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The Translation Process

Memory

SLT Analysis

Synthesis TLT

SemanticRepresentation



1. The SLT is transformed into a TLT by means of process which take place within memory:

2. The analysis of the language specific text (the SLT) into a universal (non-language specific) semantic representation.

3. The synthesis of that semantic representation into a second language specific text (the TLT).

Translation Process



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• Every morning Sarah turns on her computer. First, she checks her email. Then, she visits a social networking website to find out what her friends are doing. On this website, she read news from her friends.

• សាសា សាសាសា សាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសា សាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសា សាសាសាសា សាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសា សា សាសាសាសាសា សាសាសា សាសាសា ជាសេរ�ងរាល�ព�កសារា�តែតងតែតសេប កសេ! លក"#ព$�ទ័&ររបស�នាងជាប�ចា#។ដំ#ប�ងនាង�និ

ព�និ�ត$សេ! លសារតែដំលសេ*+ តា!អ៊ី" តែ!.លរបស�នាង។ បនា/ ប�!កនាង�និចូ�លសេ1សេ2ហទ័#ព&រប

សាសាសាសាសា សាសាសា សាសាសាសា សាសាសា សាសាសាសាសា សាសាសាសាសា សាសាសាសា សាសាសា សាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសាសា សាសា សាណ្តា5 ញពត7មានិ សង9!សេដំ !: ស�ងរកសេ! លនិ�វអ៊ី< តែដំល!�ត5ភក5�របស�នាងក#ព"ងសេ*+ ចូ�ល!ក។

Examples (English to Khmer)KHMEARAK UNIVERSITY, KU Basic Translation Chapter 1: What is translation? 20014


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TLT (Khmer)

SLT (English)

• ស�ក�ឡាតែដំលដាក�ក្លាA សេសBក�"ងទ័�ទ័Cកកករហ�តសេD ញស�ទាប�សេលចូសេចូញព�លស

បញ្ជាG ក�ថាវា�ត�បង�រសជាត�សេដំ !ព�!ទា#ងជាស#ប"កនៃនិក្លារប�!�ល*5"#សេ!សេរា2*�ងៗ

សេទ័�ត*ង។

• Chocolate refrigerated in the refrigerator until appearing snow layers loses original flavoring taste and (a nest of other) viral concentrations.



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Examples (Khmer to English)

SLT (Khmer)

TLT (English)

The End



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khmearak university, kubasic translation chapter 1: what is translation? 20014 facilitator: mr. uon...

Documents

kubasic translation

term translation

uon sokchea

ma phd

source language

target language

following definition

huge effect