kidney disease diagnosis
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kidney disease diagnosisTRANSCRIPT
KIDNEY DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
Submitted by:-Yogesh.C HVK 1249
Structure of Kidney
Test used to detect kidney dysfunction Blood testImaging studies Biopsy Urine test
Blood tests Serum creatinine Glomerular Filteration Rate (GFR) Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Serum Creatinine test Creatinine-waste product that comes from
normal wear and tear on muscles of bodyLevel can depends on age , race, & body sizeNormal range is 1.5If >1.5 then it is an early size that the kidneys
are not working properly if its level rises if kidney disease progresses
GFR TestMeasure of how well the kidneys are
removing wastes and excess fluid from the blood
It may be calculated from the serum creatinine level using age, weight, gender and body size
Normal GFR- 90 or above A GFR below 60 is a sign that the kidneys are
not working properly. A GFR below 15 indicates that a treatment
for kidney failure, such as dialysis or a kidney transplant, will be needed.
Blood Urea Nitrogen testUrea nitrogen comes from the breakdown of
protein in the foods that animals eat. A normal BUN level is between 7 and 20. As
kidney function decreases, the BUN level rises.
Imaging Testsx-rays – size of the kidneys and for
kidney stonescystogram – a bladder x-rayvoiding cystourethrogram – where the
bladder is x-rayed before and after urination
ultrasound – sound waves are ‘bounced’ off the kidneys to create a picture. Ultrasound may be used to check the size of the kidneys. Kidney stones and blood vessel blockages may be visible on ultrasound
computed tomography (CT) – x-rays and digital computer technology are used to create an image of the urinary tract, including the kidneys
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – a strong magnetic field and radio waves are used to create a three-dimensional image of the urinary tract, including the kidneys
Imaging Tests
Biopsy Small piece of tissue is taken for testing in a laboratory. Biopsies used in the investigation of kidney disease may include:Kidney biopsyBladder biopsy
Urine Test UrinalysisUrine ProteinMicroalbuminuriaCreatinine Clearance
UrinalysisMicroscopic examination of a urine sample Dipstick test-chemically treated strip, which
is dipped into a urine sample.
Urine ProteinIt includes :- Albumin specific dipstickQuantitative measurement of albumin-to-
creatinine ratio
MicroalbuminuriaMore sensitive dipstick test, which can detect a tiny amount of protein called albumin in the urine.
Creatinine ClearanceA creatinine clearance test compares the
creatinine in a 24-hour sample of urine to the creatinine level in animal’s blood to show how much blood the kidneys are filtering out each minute.