Q no1: Define PNF? What is hold relax technique ? also discuss its

effects ?

Ans: PNF stands for proprioceptive neuromascular facilitation

“ the technique of PNF mainly relay on stimulation of proprioceptors for increasing the demand made on the neuromascular mechanism to obtain and facilitate the response “

HOLD –RELAX: this is the technique design to obtain a lengthening reaction of the muscle

whose action is antagonistic to the movement limited in the range

APPLICATION: following is the procedure

A) ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION OF THE HYPERTONIC MUSCLE:

Movement in this pattern is in the direction of limitation takes either actively or

passively .the therapist will resist the movement maximally and command the patient to

hold for 15 sec and then relax voluntarily .This technique is repeated often and is usually

followed by repeated contraction

B) ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION OF RECIPROCAL MUSCLE:

The technique is applied on the muscle working antagonistically to the hypertonic

muscle .contract the antagonist muscle isometrically then command the patient to hold

for 15 second and then relax

EFFECTS:

1. It facilitate the action of antagonist

2. It lengthen the hypertonic muscle

3. It increase the ROM of the muscle

4. It is pain free ,simple and effective

USES:

1. It is use to gain successive induction

2. It is use for reciprocal innervation

3. It is use to increase ROM

4. It increases muscle extensibility

Q4: how right torticollis can be treated effectively ?

ANS:

TORTICOLLIS: It is spasmodic condition of sternocleidomastoid muscle which causes the head to

rotate on the other side and downward .

TREATMENT : following is the treatment for right torticollis

The normal sternocleidomastoid muscle of one side bend the head to the same

side and rotate it to the opposite side

In right torticollis the head will be bend and rotate to the left side

Patient prepration : patient should be in short sitting position and comfortable

Therapist position: therapist is standing behind the patient

Hand placement : one hand of the therapist is of vertex of the patient’s headand

other hand is cupped under the chin so that the finger extend above the temporo

mandibular joint

Resistance: resistance is given in side flexion with the fingers of above hand and to

rotation with the fingers of the lower hand towards the right side

Q no 3: How will you re educate a patient with poor posture ? describe its principle?

POOR POSTURE: it is the posture of a person in which there is minimum efficancy with

maximum effort of the body

Posture is poor when it is insufficient ,and unnecessary amount of muscular effort is

used to maintain it . there is faulty alignment of the body segment .

PRINCIPLE OF RE EDUCATION :

Therapist should train good posture with efficient postural pattrens

The posture result of an unsatisfactory mental attitude and un hygienic

conditions can only be corrected by alternation in the mental attitude, person’s

cooperation and improvement of hygienic conditions

Relaxation mobility exercises is way for improvement

Fatigue should be treated first

Restore the muscle strength ,power, edurance and balance of the body

Occupational strains can be relieved by relaxation methods

Use mirror for the training

Correct the faulty pattern of movement

RE EDUCATION: re educate the patient in following ways

RELAXATION: relax the muscles of the body to reduce the unnecessary tension in the muscle

Examples: crook lying, lying prone ;general relaxation

Crook lying; relax shoulder to supporting surface with expiration

Sitting shoulder shrugging and retraction followed by relaxation

MOBILITY: the maintainance of normal mobility is essential it is maintained by general free

exercises which are rhythmical and full range movement

MUSCLE POWER: muscle power is essential for good posture

Power of Following muscles should be maintained

THE HEAD: crook lying or lying with feet support; body lengthening

Half lying ,sitting or standing ;head stretching upwards

THE PELVIC TILT : crook lying gluteal and abdominal contraction

Low wing sitting ;pelvis tilting

THE FEET: sitting bracing of the arch and pressing toes to the floor

Standing ;hip rotation inward