Kingdom Animalia Who’s in this Kingdom?

Animal or Not?

Animal or Not?

Characteristics

• Multicellular• Eukaryotic (has a nucleus) • Get energy from eating other animals & plants. (Heterotrophic)• Animal cells are specialized for different

functions (digestion, reproduction, vision, or taste)

• Most reproduce sexually • Able to move at some point in their life. (motile)

Classifying Animals

• You can start classifying animals by finding out if the animal has a backbone.• A vertebrate is an animal

with a backbone • An invertebrate is an

animal that does not have a backbone.

Vertebrates

Invertebrates

Classifying Animals

• Another step you could take is to classify an animal is to determine what kind of symmetry it has. • Symmetry describes an organism’s body plan.• Radial: can be divided into two parts that are nearly mirror images

of each other anywhere through its central axis. • Bilateral: can be divided into two parts that are nearly mirror

images of each other• Asymmetry: cannot be divided into any two parts that are nearly

mirror images of each other.

Radial Symmetry

Bilateral Symmetry

Asymmetry

Classifying Animals

• The last two ways in which animals get classified are: • Molecular Classification: is when scientists compare the

DNA, RNA, and proteins from two animals to determine if they are related. The more similar the DNA, the more closely the animals are related. • For example: the Grey-faced sengi, the vole and the elephant.

The grey-faced sengi look like voles, but molecular evidence shows that they are more closely related to elephants.

Classifying Animals

• Major Phyla: animals belonging to the same phyla have similar body structures and other characteristics. • There are 9 major

phyla that contain 95-99% of all animal species.

• Phylum Chordata is the only phyla that contains vertebrates, the rest are invertebrates.

Phylum Porifera

• Sponges are animals of the phylum Porifera. They are multicellular organisms which have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells.

Phylum Cnidaria

• Cnidaria or Coelenterata is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic and mostly marine environments. Their distinguishing feature is cnidocytes, specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• The flatworms, known in scientific literature as Platyhelminthes or Plathelminthes are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrate animals

Phylum Nematoda

• unsegmented worms with elongated rounded body pointed at both ends; mostly free-living but some are parasitic

Phylum Annelida

• The annelids, formally called Annelida, are a large phylum of segmented worms, with over 22,000 modern species including ragworms, earthworms and leeches

Phylum Arthropoda

• An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages. Arthropods are members of the phylum Arthropoda, and include the insects, arachnids, and crustaceans.

Phylum Mollusca

• The organisms in the phylum Mollusca are characterized by having three main body areas: a head-foot (sensory and locomotion structures), a visceral mass (excretory, digestive, and circulatory structures), and a mantle (which secretes the shell). The gills, which function in respiration, are located between the visceral mass and the mantle.

Phylum Echinodermata

• Echinoderms are a phylum of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers.

Phylum Chordata

• Chordates, members of the phylum Chordata, are deuterostome animals possessing a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of their life cycles