kingdom fungi...fungi kingdom has 6 phylum taxa 1. fungi imperfecti ex penicillium, cheese 2....
TRANSCRIPT
KINGDOM FUNGI
KINGDOM FUNGI
Fungi (p) & Fungus (s)
The Kingdom Fungi was once classified as part of the Plant Kingdom
There are many similarities between these two Kingdoms
SIMILARITIES OF THE PLANT & FUNGI KINGDOMS
Cells are Eukaryotic
Most are anchored in soil or other substrate
Reproduction can be asexual or sexual
DIFFERENCES
Plants Fungi
One Nucleus per cell May have more than one nuclei per cell
Most are autotrophs Heterotroph
Starch is the main storage for the molecule
Have few to no storage molecules
Have cellulose in cell walls Often have chitin in cell walls
Some reproduce with seeds No seed reproduction all reproduce with spores
Most have roots No roots
WHY FUNGI ARE IMPORTANT
1. Major Decomposers on Earth and responsible for the nutrient recycling
2. Can have symbiotic relationships with other organisms
3. Food i.e. mushrooms & truffles
4. Used in the food industry for bread, soy sauce and blue cheese
5. Production of alcohol
6. Used in food products:
Yeast in bread, wine and beer
Penicillium produces an antibiotic
Aspergillus flavours soft drinks
WHY FUNGI ARE IMPORTANT?
Some cause serious plant diseases
Some cause serious diseases in animals and humans
STRUCTURE OF FUNGIHyphae (singular hypha): structural units that make up the body. Multicellular and made of thread-like filaments
Mycelium (plural mycelia): branching network that live in the soil and on other nutritious substances
Fruiting Body: reproductive structure (spores) and the part that is visible above ground
Fungal NutritionRelease enzymes that break down food externally, then absorb nutrients from the food through their cell membranes
Parasitic: absorb nutrients from the living cells of a host organism
Predatory: soil fungi whose mycelia trap prey in the soil
Mutualistic: have relationship with other organism. the mycelia increase the absorptive surface of the roots and the fungus receives sugar from the plant
Saprobial: feeds on dead organisms or organic waste
4 types:
Fungal ReproductionBoth sexual and asexual
Asexual forms: spore production, budding (small cell develops while attached to the parent cell and eventually pinches off), fragmentation (piece of mycelium breaks off and forms new individual)
Sexual forms: airborne spores (haploid cell) produce a new mycelium if it reaches a suitable environment
Fungal ClassificationFungi Kingdom has 6 phylum taxa
1. Fungi Imperfecti ex penicillium, cheese
2. Chytrids ex aquatic species and decaying material
3. Zygospore ex common moulds on food
4. Sac Fungi ex yeast
5. Club Fungi ex mushrooms
6. Lichens ex grown on plants and rocks