kirkwood burning: happy oranges and unhappy people in the sundays river valley. how can this be...
TRANSCRIPT
Kirkwood burning: Happy oranges and unhappy people in the
Sundays River Valley. How can this be hopeful?
Jai Clifford Holmes,with Phumlani Mbulawa and
Nokwanele Mzamo
Practising IWRM: Towards a New Paradigm Water DialogueJohannesburg13/11/2014
23rd September 2014: service delivery protests
Historical perspective
‘Turnaround’
• 51 000 people living in14 000 households
• ± 47% of the population on a household
income of <R1000 per month• Unemployment
estimates to be as high as 44%
Sundays River Valley Municipality
• Economic drivers: elephants (eco-tourism) and oranges (citrus industry).
Local water authorities in the SRV:
WUA
constitutionLower Sundays River Water User Association
Farms Rural commercial
users
SRVM
SRVM water service authority &
water service provider
Urbancommercial
users
Urban domestic
users
raw water
raw water
potable water
Perspective 1: Nokwanele Mzamo (on behalf of farming and residents)
Perspective 2: Phumlani Mbulawa(on behalf of the SRVM technical directorate)
Causal loop diagram
DELAY
Causal loop diagram
DELAY
Causal loop diagram
DELAY
Causal loop diagram
DELAY
Causal loop diagram
DELAY
Causal loop diagram
DELAY
Causal loop diagram
DELAY
Causal loop diagram
DELAY
DELAY
Interconnected ‘modes of failures’
DELAY
DELAY
WUA
constitutionLower Sundays River Water User Association
Farms Rural commercial
users
SRVM
SRVM water service authority &
water service provider
Urbancommercial
users
Urban domestic
users
raw water
raw water
potable water
Institutional gaps:
1
2
“We don’t know the Water Services Act...”(L-WUA officials in 2012)
Kirkwood water supply scheme issues:
Bulk water supply in the Kirkwood water supply system:
• Persistent water shortages over weekends and particularly during the winter maintenance period
Kirkwood
Aquapark
Bergsig
Moses Mabida
Emsen-geni
WTW
Kirkwood water supply zones:
Water Services Act (1997) + Norms and Standards (2002):
Water Services ActSection 5:
If the water services provided by a water services institution are unable to meet the requirements of all its existing consumers, it must give preference to the provision of basic water supply and basic sanitation to them (RSA, 1997: 14).
Norms and Standards (2002)Norm 4:
Norm 4. Interruption in the Provision of Water Services:
(a) at least 10 litres of potable water per person per day;
• Service delivery challenges in the SRVM demonstrate interconnected ‘modes of failures’ of local government
• A business and farming community proposal: 5-10c levy per export carton citrus
• Emergency measures as intervention ‘triggers’ (provision of emergency water and water
restrictions)
Conclusion
• But: lack of coherent intervention strategy (DWS) • Value of systemic, engaged and extended
research
Funders:
Keystakeholders:
University departments
& institutes:
Acknowledgments:
Faculty of Technology, Policy & Management
Historical narratives of water in the SRV
Dispossession and re-location: “We have no waggons to load our articles… that place have no water and firewood… and there is no road… even the doctors hardly go there. It has no veld for our goats and cows…”
(Letter to the Secretary for Native Affairs, 1959)
Commercial irrigators: The story of the SRV is about “the transformation of a Karoo thunderstorm into an orange destined for the tables of London”(Meiring, 1959)