KjØNN, MEDIER, REPRSENTASJON,IDENTITET

HENRY MAINSAHMEVIT 2336KJØNN OG MEDIERVÅR 2010

2 > Department of Media and Communication

Hvorfor medier, kjønn, ogidentitet

3 > Department of Media and Communication

Representasjon og kjønn ikommunikasjonsteoriWho Framed Roger RabbitJessica Rabbit: (Jessica, standing with herback to him, looking i a mirror, looking athim looking at her) No, No, No. I love myhusband. You’ve got me all wrong. You don’tknow how hard it is being a woman lookingthe way i do.

Detective Valiant: No...You don’t knowhow hard it is being a man looking at awoman looking the way you do.

Jessica Rabbit: I'm not bad, I'm just drawnthat way.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Dat4-k5G3s&feature=related

4 > Department of Media and Communication

British Cultural Studies

Stuart Hall

(1997)Representation:Cultural Representations andSignifying Practices. London :Sage

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Representasjon

Hva betyr det?

1. Noe som gjenspeiler virkeligheten2. Noe som er meningsbærende3. Noe som står inn for noen

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Et Gammelt syn

Representasjon som en kopi/forvrengning av virkeligheten

Virkeligheten og representasjon

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Et nytt syn

Representasjon - meningsproduksjon

Konstruktivisme

Ikke utenfor begivenheten, ikke etter begivenheten, men iselve begivenheten.

8 > Department of Media and Communication

Hva er dette?

9 > Department of Media and Communication

Hva betyr det?

10 > Department of Media and Communication

Kultur som meningsproduksjon

Våre klassifiseringssystemerSpråk og kommunikaskon

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Identitet, identifikasjon, ogtilskueren“the practices of signification”Mening utenfra

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Diskurs og virkeligheten

“nothing exists outside discourse”“nothing meaningful exists outside discourse”

Rundt objekt= ballObjekt+regler = fotball

13 > Department of Media and Communication

Ideologi, makt, og meningsproduksjon

Et forsøk for å fiksere/fastsette

Burka = undertrykkelseAfrika = krig, sult, etniske konflikter, osv.Muslimer = terrorister

14 > Department of Media and Communication

15 > Department of Media and Communication

Michel Foucault

Et historisk perspektiv

Konseptualisering av makt

Fra diskurs til makt/kunnskap

“Power is everywhere; not becauseit embraces everything, butbecause it comes fromeverywhere...Power is not aninstitution, and not a structure;neither is i a certain strength weare endowed with; it is the namethat one attributes to a complexstrategical situation in a particularsociety:”(Foucault, 1998)

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Foucault

Om sex og identitet“Technologies of the self”Etikk

The History of SexualityThe Uses of PleasureThe Care of the Self

17 > Department of Media and Communication

Fire perspektiver om medierepresentasjon ifeministisk kommunikasjonsteori

1. Fokus på stereotypier - Kritikk av stereotypisk forestillinger avkvinner i media.

2. Alternative forestillinger - Positive fremstillinger,alternative/minoritets stemmer

3. Et ideologisk perspektiv - fokus på politisk, økonomisk vilkår rundtmedierepresentasjoner

4. Et fokus på semiotikk - fokus på publikums tolkninger.

Carolyn Kitch (1997). Changing Theoretical Perspectives on Women’s Media Images: TheEmergence of Patterns in a New Area of Historic Scholarship:

18 > Department of Media and Communication

“Women are representations of themselves (always a selection andpresentation, “read” by themselves and others) even while they arerepresentatives of “woman,” judged by racist and sexist standards to bemore or less “accurately” so, depending upon the standards of the timeand dominant cultural group. If they were not read and judged asrepresentatives of “woman,” they and others would not know them to be“women.”...Would the real woman please stand upWould the real woman please stand up?? Of course, she can’t,nor can we locate her. There are only representations (imitations?) of alinguistic category to which we all, those named “woman” regardless ofour colour or culture or politics or desires, are held accountable.” (Rakow,2001, p.42)

19 > Department of Media and Communication