knowledge fusion research workshopoctober 20 - 22 2004 1 a high-level language for military fusion...
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Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop
October 20 - 22 20041
A High-level Language for Military Fusion Problems
Richard Scherl
Computer Science Department
Monmouth University
Knowledge Fusion Research Workshop
October 20 - 22 20042
Cognitive Robotics/GoLog
Integrating reasoning, perception and action within a uniform theoretical and implementation framework.
Logic-based. High-level language.
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The Situation Calculus
McCarthy and Hayes 1969. A predicate calculus formalization of states,
actions, and effects. Reiter 1991,2001.
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GOLOG
GOLOG -- AlGol in logic. Sequences. Nondeterministic choice of actions. Nondeterministic choice of arguments. Conditions, While loops. Recursion.
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Plans Vs Computer Programs
There is a long tradition of viewing plans as computer programs. (Green, manna and Waldinger).
There are many problems with this view of plans.
An agent may not know whether a test is true. Agents may not know enough to execute the
action.
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Incomplete Knowledge
Generally, agents do not have complete knowledge of the world.
Formalism must distinguish between what is true in the world and what the agent knows.
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Incomplete Knowledge (Cont)
Agents must reason about: Actions that produce knowledge --- perception,
reading, comunicative acts. The knowledge prerequisites of actions.
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References
Levesque, Reiter, Lesperance,Lin, Scherl. GOLOG. JLP, 1997.
Reiter. Knowledge in action: logical foundations for specifying and implementing dynamical systems. MIT press, 2001.
Scherl and Levesque. Knowledge, action, and the frame problem. AIJ, 2003.
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Goal
Can a similar sort of language be used for the specification of high-level and flexible plans useful in domains relevant to the military and also homeland security?
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Example Scenarios
Silent prairie: agricultural bio-terrorism exercise developed by the national strategic gaming center at the national defense university
Battlespace challenge problem: road to war developed by signal solutions for ARL
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Silent Prairie
Foot and mouth disease suspected in north Carolina and Kansas
Bio-terrorism considered a possibility
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Steps
FBI notified – but the 82nd airborne recently returned to north Carolina from Iraq.
Need to notify state officials and farm companies. All leaders of states to which N. Carolina cattle are shipped must be notified.
Send sample to plum island facility for analysis.
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Steps (Cont)
Start initial containment strategy (quarantine zones).
Notify governor and other state officials. Notify USDA, FDA. Enact regional containment strategy. Notify DHS and DOD. Check to see if there was “chatter” about FMD.
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October 20 - 22 200414
Sample Plan
While ¬knows(x State(x)Considered(x))
( X).state(x)?;
If ¬Kwhether(Shipto(f,a,x)) then
sense_ship(f,a,x) endIf;
If knows(Shipto(f,a,x) then
notify(f,a,x) endIf;
assert(Considered(x));
endWhile;
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October 20 - 22 200415
Battlespace Challenge Problem
Signal Solutions 2015 North Korea Kim Jung-Il dies Civil War
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Forces Involved
U.S. ROK. DPRK Hardliners. DPRK Reformers.
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Determining Friend from Foe
Sensors(ELINT, SIGINT) HUMINT COP needs to indicate which forces are friends
and which are foes (DPRK Hardliners) based upon both intelligence information and inferences.
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Rules in Knowledge-Base
x ,y hardliner(x) engages(x,y)
¬ hardliner(y)
y,z
x supplies(x,y) hardliner(y)
supplies(x,z)
hardliner(z)
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Identify Threats to Inchon Airport
Sensors and human intelligence are utilized to identify threats.
Which U.S. Units can deal with the threats? How long would it take them to arrive at location of threat given current conditions?
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Implementation
GoLog interpreter written in Prolog Integration into Jade agent platform Http://jade.tilab.com
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Further Topics
Concurrency (ConGolog, IndiGolog) Exogenous actions Probabilistic action occurrences and effects Ability Time Integrating semantic web ontology languages
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Theory of Actions (Cont)
Real time, resource bounded behavior Belief revision Execution monitoring and failure recovery Automated plan construction