konrad tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · konrad tschurtschenthaler. history...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Konrad Tschurtschenthaler
![Page 2: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
History of CT
• 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen– discovers X Ray radiation
• 1917, Johann Radon– Solved formal inverse problem.
• 1958, Simeon Tetelbaum– Publishes valid inverse problem solution
• 1963, John Cormack– Experiment with cylindrical objects
• 1972,Godfrey Hounsfield– develops CT scanner
• 1979, Hounsfield and Cormack receive Nobel prize in Medicine
![Page 3: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CT in the sawmill
• 1986, Imatron (California)first log in a CT Scanner
• 1994, Luisiana State Universityfirst full log scanned
• 1999, Invision (California)first test installation of CT Scanner in Sawmill
• 2007, Freiburg (Germany)MiCROTEC CT Log for full CT installed
![Page 4: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
X-Ray properties
• X Rays travel across the object instraight lines
• X Rays are attenuated by theobjects they pass through
• The amount of attenuationdepends on the density of theobject
X Ray source
Atte
nuat
ion
Detector
![Page 5: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Single projection
• With a single projection we can seedifferent tissues inside the object
• We can not reconstruct the crossimage
![Page 6: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lack of information
• The two objects generate the same projection
• We need more information
![Page 7: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Adding more projections
• The second projection gives us the neededinformation
• Putting together the two projections we get thewhole picture
![Page 8: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tomography
• Make projections from different angles• Combine them together• Reconstruct the image
Mathematicslaid down by
Radon
![Page 9: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Quality of Reconstruction
• The quality depends on the number of availableprojections
![Page 10: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CT Scanner
Rotating X-rayTube & Source
TimeSpace
d
![Page 11: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Challenge
• Bring the CT Scanner into the sawmill
Special requirements– Speed
The scanner should not be a bottleneck in the production throughput
– Reliability
The scanner is required to work 24/7
– RobustnessThe scanner must be designed to be installed in a demanding environment
![Page 12: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Solution
• Advanced technics permit higher scan rates
• Experience in X Ray technology over years yieldshigh reliable and robust solutions
Detector row Detector plane
X-Ray source X-Ray source
![Page 13: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The first step in a long way
• The CT yields a series of cross sectional images
• The images will be visualized in a first step
• Automatic defect detection should follow
• Optimization programs use the data forcalculating optimal cutting patterns
![Page 14: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Detected wood properties
• We can detect the internal structure of the wood
• Regions with different density
• Depending on the number of projections theability to see certain properties varies
![Page 15: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tomolog
• Tomolog uses only alimited number ofsources and detectors
• There are no rotatingparts
• The mechanical design isconsiderably simpler
![Page 16: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tomolog-Applications
• Diameter under bark
• Bark thickness
SensorSensor
Source Source
![Page 17: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tomolog-Applications
Knots
• Distance of knot clusters
• Number of knot clusters
![Page 18: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Tomolog: Stress grading
• Density estimation with Tomolog
• Frequency measurement with ViSCAN
• Together we can estimate the MOE
Stress grade
![Page 19: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CT Capabilities
• Checks
![Page 20: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CT Capabilities
• Knots
• Heartwood/
Sapwood
![Page 21: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CT Capabilities
• Rot
![Page 22: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CT Capabilities
• Resin pockets
![Page 23: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CT Applications
• CT images reveal the internallog structure before the cut
• Traditional cutting patternoptimizers deal with geometricinformation only
• Taking into accout the CTinformation it is possible toincrease the economic recovery
CT scanning
Geometricalscanning
![Page 24: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CT Applications
• Manual grading
• CT images help operators in the grading process
![Page 25: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sapwood/Heartwood
Cutting pattern optimization without knowing the knotty core position
Cutting pattern optimization knowing the knotty core position
Projected value: 253.01 Projected value: 251.68
![Page 26: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Sapwood/Heartwood
Optimization without knowing the knotty core position Optimization knowing the knotty core position
Pieces Width Thickness Length Volume ProjectedValue
EffectiveValue Pieces Width Thickness Length Volume Projected
ValueEffective
Value1 150 150 3600 0,081 12,15 12,15 1 150 150 3600 0,081 12,15 12,153 150 25 3600 0,041 6,08 6,08 3 150 25 3600 0,041 6,08 6,082 150 50 3600 0,054 8,10 8,10 2 150 50 3600 0,054 8,10 8,10
1 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 8,10 1 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,251 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,25 1 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,251 300 25 3600 0,027 10,13 10,13 1 200 25 3600 0,018 6,75 6,751 150 25 3600 0,014 5,06 5,06 1 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,251 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,25 1 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,251 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,25 1 150 50 3000 0,023 8,44 8,441 150 25 3000 0,011 4,22 4,22 1 150 50 3000 0,023 8,44 8,441 100 25 3000 0,008 2,81 2,81 1 100 25 2700 0,007 2,53 2,531 100 25 2700 0,007 2,53 2,53 1 100 25 3000 0,008 2,81 2,811 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 8,10 1 200 50 3600 0,036 13,50 13,501 125 50 3600 0,023 8,44 8,44 1 150 50 3600 0,027 10,13 10,131 300 50 3300 0,050 18,56 18,56 1 150 25 3300 0,012 4,64 4,641 300 50 2400 0,036 13,50 13,50 1 125 25 3300 0,010 3,87 3,871 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,25 1 200 25 3000 0,015 5,63 5,631 125 50 3600 0,023 8,44 8,44 1 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,251 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,25 1 150 50 3600 0,027 10,13 10,131 200 50 3000 0,030 11,25 11,25 2 200 50 3600 0,072 27,00 27,00
Total 253,01 228,71 1 300 50 3600 0,054 20,25 20,25Total 251,68 251,68
![Page 27: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Optimizing for checks
![Page 28: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Optimizing for checks
• Build a 3D model
![Page 29: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Optimizing for checks
• Generate final products with virtual cuts
![Page 30: Konrad Tschurtschenthaler - timber measure · 2014. 4. 25. · Konrad Tschurtschenthaler. History of CT • 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – discovers X rRay radiation • 1917,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61170b183342e67bf50e8ec0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Gaining information with Multi Sensor Scanner System