Konsep Dasar dan Kepentinganadanya Keanekaragaman Hayati

Muslimin Ibrahim

DIAGRAM KELINCI

Fibonacci

Sequence1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 56, ….

The ratio of any two consecutive Fibonacci terms (largest

divided by smaller) is approximately 1.6

Try: 34/21

144/89

1597/987

Rectangle Pageant

C

A

B D

• Is there anything mathematically definitive about F when used in geometry? You bet there is.

• A rectangle whose sides are in the golden ratio is referred to as a golden rectangle.

• When a golden rectangle is squared, the remaining area forms another golden rectangle!

The Fibonacci Numbers in Nature

~ Fibonacci spiral found in both snail and sea shells

The Fibonacci Numbers in Nature

Continued

Lilies and irises = 3 petals

Black-eyed Susan’s = 21 petalsCorn marigolds = 13 petals

Buttercups and wild roses = 5 petals

The Fibonacci Numbers in Nature

Continued

~ The Fibonacci numbers can be found in pineapples and bananas

~ Bananas have 3 or 5 flat sides

~ Pineapple scales have Fibonacci spirals in sets of 8, 13, 21

• How about your body?

• You have NO IDEA how many segments of the human body are related in size to each other by F!

• The human arm:

• The human finger:

Kepentingan dibalik StudiKeanekaragaman dan Kesehatan

Lingkungan (Efek KehilanganKeanekaragaman hayati

• Perburuan komersil dan pencurian. • Ketidak seimbangan ekologi• Berkurangnya sumber makanan, struktur material

obata, dan sumber genetik• Degradasi ekosistem. • Hilangnya habitat. • Beberapa isu penyakit yang dipengaruh oleh

hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati– Kemanan nutrisi, diet– Penyakit infeksi, – Sumber-sumber obat herbal, – Kesehatan sosial dan kejiwaan

Konsep Keanekaragaman Hayati (Biodiversity)• Kata “biodiversity” merupakan kependekan dari

Biological Diversity”. Bio (=lhidup)+diversity(= Beranekaragam) yaitu keseluruhan gen, spesies, danekosistem . Keanekaragaman mengandung pengertianKekayaan dan variasi kehidupan dari gen, spesies danekosistem.

• Keanekaragaman hayati suatu tempat adalahkeberadaan jenis makhluk hidup per luas daerahtertentu Hal ini menunjukkan pada total makhlukhidup yang mendiami daerah itu bumi dan statusnyaseperti perbedaan sistem dan struktur kehidupan di alam

• Setiap tahun kita merayakan hari Keanekaragamanhayati Dunia tanggal 22 Mei

• Tipe Keanekaragaman Hayati :

• Keragaman ekosistem: – Perbedasan habitat, niche, interaksi spesies

– Keragaman ekosistem didefinisikan sebagai variasitumbuhan dan hewan yang dijumpai di dalamekosistem berbeda

– Umumnya ada dua tipe ekosistem: Perairan dandaratan.

– Nepal memiliki semua jenis ekosistem kecvualiLaut dan Padang Pasir

– Indonesia memiliki “semua” macam ekosistem

• Tipe Keanekaragaman Hayati :

• Keragaman Jenis (spesies):

– Perbedaan jenis organisme, hubungan antar jenis.

– Keanekaragaman jenis didefinisikan sebagaivariasi jenis tumbuhan dan hewan yang dijumpaiterdapat di dalam habitat. Sebagai contoh Jenis-jenis burung, amfibi, reprila dan sebagainya

– Keragaman spesies yang dijumpai di bumi kita initelah bertambah sejak kehidupan mulai ada lebih600 juta tahun yang lalu

• Tipe Keanekaragaman Hayati :

• Keragaman Genetik: – Perbedaan gen dan kombinasi gen di dalam populasi

– Keragaman gen adalah variasi gen yang terdapat di dalam inti sel makhluk hidup. Sebagai contoh : Kuncing, Macan, Macan tutul, berbeda satu sama lain karena adanya variasi genetik

– Keragaman genetik muncul sebagai akibat sejumlahbesar kombinasi yang mungkin di dalam gen kitasehingga memberikan kita karakteristik yang khas.

– Viriabilitas genetik ini sangat p[enting artinya di dalamkesehatan reproduksi suatu populasi jenis maklukhidup

• Keuntungan Keanekaragaman Hayati :• Improvement in breed • Tourism development • Economic development • Natural Beauty and Scenes • Agricultural Production • Conservation of soil • Environment balance • Conservation of Watershed • Animal Product • Plant/Vegetative Products • Ecological functions •

Improvement in breed

• The wild gene materials can be used to increase the power of resistance, age and producing capacity of the local species like animals, birds and other vegetation's.

• But the research and investigation is required to produce the better quality of hybrids

Tourism development

Indoneisa is really very beautiful country in the world. It various types of the cultural, social natural monuments of Indonesia are inviting and welcoming the tourists. It may be the destination point for the international tourists who like fun and adventure with the research and observation the nature

Economic development

The biodiversity provides the basic and raw materials for human life and industries as well. So, it is the source for life supporting goods such as food, cloth, shelter, medicine, entertainment etc.

Therefore, the biodiversity should be conserved and promoted for the development of the economic sector of the country

Natural Beauty and Scenes

The biodiversity has made the environment beautiful and romantic. There are found many species of the animal and plants with the different colors, size, shape, nature, favorability and reactions. Beside, nature itself is a source of pleasure having valuable natural scene

Agricultural product

The crops like paddy, wheat, maize, barley etcare the main foods of people. The source of these food is the agricultural biodiversity. In the ancient time, people brought the useful crops from the forest and cultivated to produce food for them.

Then, they selected best seeds to get high yield. This process contributed in the development of best agricultural crops, which are the source of food for people

Conservation of soil

The varieties of the plants along with the trees capture the soil and prevent it from erosion . The soil is the source for the production of the foods for animals and human kinds.

Environment balance

The biodiversity helps for the environmental balance. The environment is the combination of the natural, biological, social, economic and physical aspects . The biological aspects is one of the important aspects of the environment which has made the environment sustainable

Conservation of Watershed

The plants and vegetation help to conserve the source of water and watershed. The plants absorb water which helps to keep greenery of the land. The plants and vegetation reduce the evaporation process , due to which the water gets collected under the soil

Animal Products

The biodiversity helps to fulfill the various needs of the people from the animals. The different parts of the animals can be used for the various purposes. The products like wool, milk, meat, labor and raw materials from the animals satisfy the people with fun and adventure.

Plant/Vegetative Production

The biodiversity also provides the various vegetative products like flowers, fruits, timber, raw material, colors, paper, medicine, herbs, textile, furniture and other necessary goods . These products also fulfill the needs and wants of the people .

Ecological functions

The biodiversity plays a vital role in the ecological functions. It is very important to maintain food chain and various other natural processes . It maintains the climate, regulates and supplies water and increases the fertility of the soil. It also decomposes the waste materials

Ecological functions

The biodiversity plays a vital role in the ecological functions. It is very important to maintain food chain and various other natural processes . It maintains the climate, regulates and supplies water and increases the fertility of the soil. It also decomposes the waste materials

Conservative Measures of Biodiversity :

Conservative measures of biodiversity Provision of laws Public awareness Program conduction Preservation of national resource Pollution control People’s participation