krok 1 stomatology · 2018-06-12 · krok 1 stomatology 2015 3 a. a lot of liquid saliva b. a small...

MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF UKRAINE

Department of human resources policy, education and science

Testing Board

Test items for licensing examination

Krok 1

STOMATOLOGY

Student ID Last name

Variant ________________

ББК 54.1я73

УДК 61

Authors of items: Ambarova L.I., Ananko S.YA., Andryeyeva V.F., Bacaletc O.V., Barinov E.F.,

Basiy R.V., Bilenkiy S.A., Blinder O.O., Bobyr V.V., Boikiv D.P., Boiko O.V., Bondarenko V.V.,

Bondarenko YU.I., Buryachkivskyi E.S., Byelan S.M., Cherkas L.P., Chernenko H.P., Chernovska N.V.,

Chernousova N.M., Churilin O.O., Datcko T.V., Davidova N.V., Dem’yanenko I.A., Dosenko V.YE.,

Dubova H.A., Dutchak U.M., Dzevulska I.V., Erstenyuk A.M., Fedchenko M.M., Fedechko I.M.,

Fedonuk L.YA., Hagetc V.I., Havrilyuk I.M., Hladchuk A.B., Hlyebov O.M., Holdobina O.V.,

Holovinska L.K., Hol’yeva N.V., Horchakova N.O., Hrechin A.B., Hurmak I.S., Ioltukhivskyi M.M.,

Ivanochko V.M., Ivanova A.Y., Ivanova S.A., Izmailova L.V., Kaptyuh R.P., Khmel L.L., Kikhtenko O.V.,

Kirichek P.V., Kirichenko L.H., Kir’yakulov H.S., Klimnuk S.I., Kolesnikova S.V., Komissarov I.V.,

Kopchuk T.H., Korda M.M., Korolenko H.S., Koroluk V.D., Kratenko H.S., Kratinova M.A., Kravetc D.S.,

Krizhanovska A.V., Krushynska T.YU., Kukovska I.L., Kulitka E.F., Kurinna S.S., Kuven’ova O.M.,

Lazaryev K.L., Lemke M.O., Levchuk O.V., Lichko V.H., Linchevska L.P., Makarenko O.V.,

Makovetckyi O.V., Marchuk F.D., Masna Z.Z., Meschishen I.F., Mikhyeyeva N.H., Mischenko N.P.,

Morhun Z.K., Mozhunov O.V., Naumova O.V., Nazarenko S.M., Nechiporenko H.V., Nikituk H.P.,

Nikolenko L.H., Novikov N.YU., Obmankin V.O., Obraztcova O.H., Omelchenko O.A., Ovchynnikov S.O.,

Pandikidis N.I., Palapa V.I., Papinko I.YA., Pavlyi S.I., Piluhin V.O., Prishlyak A.M., Prokof’yeva N.V.,

Pushkar M.C., Rocunetc I.L., Romanenko L.A., Romanyuk B.P., Rozhonuk YU.D., Rudnytcka O.H.,

Sahan O.V., Samoylovych I.M., Sankova L.YU., Sayuk N.P., Selezniova H.K., Semenetc P.F.,

Scherbak L.F., Shemonayeva K.F., Shershun H.H., Shipitcina O.V., Shlyakhovenko O.O., Shtanko I.F.,

Shutka L.A., Shvetc V.I., Slobodyanyuk T.M., Slusarev O.A., Sokolovska L.V., Sorokina I.V.,

Stebluk M.V., Stetcenko S.V., Syedov V.I., Syrtcov V.K., Svirskyi O.O., Tananakina T.P., Tindare L.V.,

Tkachenko V.P., Tkachenko YE.V., Tkachuk YU.L., Tomyuk I.I., Tverdokhlib I.V., Uhgin O.M.,

Velikyi M.M., Verkhova O.O., Vinnikov YU.M., Voitcekhovskyi V.H., Vorobetc Z.D., Voronich-

Semchenko N.M., Vovchenko M.B., Yaschishin Z.M. and committees of professional expertise.

Item reviewers. Ananko S.YA., Basiy R.V., Bilash S.M., Chevelenkova A.V., Deyneka S.YE.,

Dyeltsova O.I., Fomina L.V., Gaydash I.S., Golovatyuk O.L., Gorgol N.I., Kava T.V., Korolenko G.S.,

Koldunov V.V., Kovalchuk L.YE., Linchevska L.P., Maliy K.D., Neporada K.S., Nikolenko O.G.,

Ovchinnikov S.O., Pikaluk V.S., Prokof’yeva N.V., Pushkar M.S., Sikora V.Z., Sklyarov O.YA.,

Skorobogatova Z.M., Tananakina T.P., Teleshova O.V., Tkachuk S.S., Trzhecinskiy S.D., Vinnikov YU.M.,

Vorobets Z.D., Yoltuhivskiy M.V., Zelenina N.M., Zinkovska L.YA., Zhadinskiy M.V., Zhulinskiy V.O.

The book includes test items for use at licensing integrated examination “Krok 1. Stomatology” and

further use in teaching.

The book has been developed for students of stomatological faculties and academic staff of higher

medical educational establishments.

Approved by Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine as examination and teaching

publication based on expert conclusions (Orders of MPH of Ukraine of

14.08.1998 №251, of 27.12.1999 №303, of 16.10.2002 №374, of 16.04.2003 №239,

of 29.05.2003 №233, of 23.07.2007 №414).

© Copyright Testing Board.

General Instruction

Every one of these numbered questions or unfinished statements in

this chapter corresponds to answers or statements endings. Choose the

answer (finished statements) that fits best and fill in the circle with the

corresponding Latin letter on the answer sheet.

Krok 1 Stomatology 2015 1

1. Inadequate treatment of middleear inflammation (mesotympanitis) hasresulted in suppurative inflammation ofthe cells of temporal bone mastoid process(mastoiditis). The abscess has erupted intothe bed of sternocleidomastoid muscle.This pathological process is localised in thefollowing cervical fascia:

A. Lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriaeB. Fascia colli superficialisC. Lamina profunda fasciae colli propriaeD. Fascia endocervicalisE. Fascia prevertebralis

2. When examining the oral caity of a22-year-old patient, the dentist noticed adestroyed medial tubercle on the cuttingedge of the right maxillary first molar. Thistubercle is called:

A. ParaconeB. MetaconeC. MesoconeD. HypoconeE. Protocone

3. Alveolar bleeding has been detectedfollowing the extraction of the maxillarysecond premolar. What artery causes thiskind of bleeding, when damaged?

A. Middle superior alveolar arteryB. Posterior superior alveolar arteryC. Inferior alveolar arteryD. Palatine arteryE. Anterior superior alveolar artery

4. A female patient has referred to adentist with complains of bruise andswelling around her eye. Anamnesis is asfollows: several days prior her 1st premolartooth had been extracted, with infraorbitalanesthesia administered; several days laterhematoma appeared in the area of foramenintraorbitale. Branch of the following arterywas damaged:

A. Maxillary arteryB. Facial arteryC. Superficial temporal arteryD. Superior labial arteryE. Masseteric artery

5. A patient has lost his ability to recogni-ze objects by their characteristic sounds(clock, bell, music). What part of his brainis damaged?

A. Lobus temporalisB. Lobus occipitalisC. Lobus frontalisD. Lobus parietalisE. Insula

6. A patient complains of pain in the thoraxduring breathing, dyspnea, restriction ofcoughing movements, hiccup. What respi-ratory muscles are affected?

A. DiaphragmB. External intercostal musclesC. Serratus anterior muscleD. Internal intercostal musclesE. Abdominal muscles

7. Having lost significant amount of bodyweight, a 70-year-old patient complains ofdull pain in the lumbar area. In the result ofexamination he was diagnosed with floati-ng kidney. What part of kidney supportingapparatus is most likely to be damaged?

A. Сapsula adiposaB. Capsula fibrosaC. M. IliopsoasD. Lig. HepatorenalisE. M. quadratus lumborum

8. Examination of a 23-year-old patientreveals that when his tongue is protruded,its tip deviates to the side. This is causedby the dysfunction of the following tonguemuscle:

A. GenioglossusB. HyoidC. Superior longitudinalD. Inferior longitudinalE. Styloglossus

9. A patient has air embolism as a result ofa skin injury in the middle portion of thesternocleidomastoid muscle. Which cervi-cal vein was injured?

A. External jugular veinB. Anterior jugular veinC. Internal jugular veinD. Posterior auricular veinE. Transverse cervical vein

10. Otopyosis has caused tympanic cavityroof to be broken by pus. From tympaniccavity pus spreads to the following cranialfossa:

A. Middle cranial fossaB. Posterior cranial fossaC. Anterior cranial fossaD. OrbitE. Sphenopalatine fossa

11. A 33-year-old patient complains of animpairment of skin sensitivity in the medi-al part of the dorsal and palmar surface ofhand. Which nerve is damaged?


A. N. ulnarisB. N. radialisC. N. medianusD. N. musculocutaneusE. N. cutaneus antebrachii medialis

12. A 2-year-old child has congenital spasticcontraction of muscles on one side of neck,that is torticollis. What muscle is affected?

A. SternocleidomastoidB. SubcutaneousC. SternohyoidD. SternothyroidE. Omohyoid

13. Nucleoli of nuclei have been damageddue to tissue culture nuclear irradiation.Regeneration of the following organellesbecomes hampered in cytoplasm:

A. RibosomesB. LysosomesC. Endoplasmic reticulumD. MicrotubulesE. Golgi apparatus

14. A histological preparation shows organ,where lymphocytes form three typesof lymphoid structures: lymph nodules,medullary cords and lymphatic sinuses.What organ is it?

A. Lymph nodeB. SpleenC. ThymusD. TonsilE. Red bone marrow

15. An electron microphotograph ofduodenal epithelium clearly shows a cellwith electron-dense granules in the basalpole. What cell is it?

A. EndocrineB. Prismatic with a limbusC. Poorly differentiatedD. GobletE. Parietal

16. As a result of a development anomaly anewborn has malformation of major sali-vary glands. This anomaly is caused bythe damage of the following embryonalstructure:

A. EctodermB. SplanchnotomC. SomitesD. EntodermE. Mesenchyme

17. The effect of some harmful factorscaused focal damage to the gastric epi-thelium. What cells are responsible for itsregeneration?

A. Cervical mucocytes of glandsB. Parietal exocrinocytes of glandsC. Principal exocrinocytes of glandsD. EndocrinocytesE. Mucocytes of the gland body

18. Microscopic examination of a CNS bodyrevealed the gray matter with three layersof neurons, namely molecular, ganglionicand granular layer. What are the neuronsconstituting the second layer?

A. PiriformB. BasketC. Small stellateD. Large stellateE. Granule cells

19. A histological preparation of lower jawshows dentin being formed. Collagen fiberssynthesized by odontoblasts are thin andsituated perpendicular to dentinal tubules.What fibers are being produced in dentin?

A. Tangential fibersB. Radial fibersC. Parallel fibersD. Sharpey’s fibersE. Perforating fibers

20. Normal implantation of human embryois possible only if uterus endometri-um undergoes certain changes, with thefollowing type of endometrium cellsincreasing in number:

A. Decidual cellsB. MacrophagesC. EndotheliocytesD. FibroblastsE. Neurons

21. There is a large amount of effusionin the pericardial cavity of a patient wi-th exudative pericarditis. What cells causesuch a phenomenon when their functionalactivity is disrupted?

A. MesotheliocytesB. FibroblastsC. Working cardiac myocytesD. Cardiac conduction cellsE. Endotheliocytes

22. Stimulation of the peripheral segmentof chorda tympani in an experimenal ani-mal resulted in the discharge of the followi-ng secretion from the parotid salivary fi-stula:


A. A lot of liquid salivaB. A small amount of liquid salivaC. There is no salivaD. A small amount of viscous salivaE. A lot of viscous saliva

23. A 40-year-old patient was revealedto have blood clotting time of 2 minutesunder a stressful condition. It is primarilycaused by the following hormon affectinghemocoagulation:

A. CatecholamineB. CortisolC. AldosteroneD. SomatotropinE. Vasopressin

24. Sharp decrease of lungs surfactant acti-vity has been detected in a patient. It willresult in the following:

A. Alveoli will become prone to deflationB. Airways resistance decreasesC. Respiratory muscles work decreasesD. Pulmonary ventilation increasesE. Hyperoxemia

25. A 38-year-old female patient has beenbrought into admission room with uterinebleeding. What will be revealed by bloodtest?

A. Decrease of packed cell volumeB. EosinophiliaC. Decreased erythrocyte sedimentationrateD. LeukocytosisE. Increased color index of blood

26. The patient’s lower pair ofmesencephalon quadrigeminal bodies hasbeen damaged due to hemorrhage. Whatreflex is lost?

A. Aural signals orienting responseB. Light signals orienting responseC. Tactile stimulation orienting responseD. Statokinetic reflex - ocular nystagmusE. Head-righting reflex

27. There is high content of proteine anderythrocytes in urine. This can be caused byincreased:

A. Permeability of renal filter permeabilityB. Effective filtration pressureC. Hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerularcapillariesD. Hydrostatic pressure of primary urine incapsuleE. Oncotic pressure of blood plasma

28. Certain brain structures of test animalshave been subjected to electrostimulation,as an experiment, resulting in development

of polyphagia (abnormal desire to consumeexcessive amounts of food) in test ani-mals. Electrodes have been inserted in thefollowing brain structures:

A. Lateral nuclei of hypothalamusB. Ventromedial nuclei of hypothalamusC. Supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamusD. AdenohypophysisE. Red nuclei

29. Experimental studies revealedsteroid hormones to have an effect onproteosynthesis. They influence synthesisof the following substances:

A. Specific messenger RNAB. Adenosine triphosphateC. Specific transfer RNAD. Guanosine triphosphateE. Specific ribosomal RNA

30. A female patient has scalded her handwith boiling water. The affected skin areabecame red, swollen and painful. This effectis caused by accumulation of the followingsubstance:

A. HistamineB. LysineC. ThiamineD. GlutamineE. Asparagine

31. Mother had noticed her 5-year-old chi-ld’s urine to become dark in colour. Bilepigments in urine were not detected. Thediagnosis of alkaptonuria was made. Whatpigment is deficient?

A. Homogentisic acid oxidaseB. Phenylalanine hydroxylaseC. TyrosinaseD. Oxyphenylpyruvate oxidaseE. Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase

32. Biogenic amines, such as histamine,serotonin, dopamine and others, are highlyactive substances affecting various physi-ological functions. What transformationprocess of amino acids results in biogenicamines being produced in somatic tissues?

A. DecarboxylationB. DeaminationC. TransaminationD. OxidationE. Reductive amination

33. There are various diseases that causesharp increase of active oxygen, leading tocell membranes destruction. Antioxidantsare used to prevent it from happening. Themost potent natural antioxidant is:


A. Alpha-tocopherolB. GlucoseC. Vitamin DD. Fatty acidsE. Glycerol

34. In the process of metabolism humanbody produces active oxygen forms,including superoxide anion radical O2.This anion is inactivated by the followingenzyme:

A. Superoxide dismutaseB. CatalaseC. PeroxidaseD. Glutathione peroxidaseE. Glutathione reductase

35. A 34-year-old patient has lowendurance of physical loads. At the sametime skeletal muscles have increasedconcentration of glycogen. This is causedby the reduced activity of the followingenzyme:

A. Glycogen phosphorylaseB. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenaseC. PhosphofructokinaseD. Glycogen synthaseE. Glucose-6-phosphatase

36. A patient has been prescribed pyridoxalphosphate. What processes are correctedwith this drug?

A. Transamination and decarboxylation ofamino acidsB. Oxidative decarboxylation of keto acidsC. Deaminization of amino acidsD. Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine basesE. Protein synthesis

37. A 60-year-old man consulted a doctorabout an onset of chest pain. In bloodserum analysis showed a significantincrease in the activity of the followi-ng enzymes: creatine kinase and its MB-isoform, aspartate aminotransferase. Thesechanges indicate the development of thepathological process in the following ti-ssues:

A. Cardiac muscleB. LungsC. Skeletal musclesD. LiverE. Smooth muscles

38. A nuclear power plant disaster fi-ghter had absorbed radiation dose of 5Gy; in a week he was diagnosed withblood agranulocytosis. What pathogeneticmechanism is principal in its origination?

A. Leukopoiesis suppressionB. Increased granulocytes transfer intotissuesC. Increased leucocytes disintegrationD. Disruption of mature leucocytes emergi-ng from bone marrowE. Autoimmune process development

39. A patient with liver cirrhosis has beengiven intravenously 500,0 ml of 5% glucosesolution along with other drugs. There is ahigh risk of the following water-electrolyticbalance disruption:

A. Hyposmolar hypohydrationB. Hyperosmolar hypohydrationC. Iso-osmolar hypohydrationD. Hyposmolar dehydrationE. Hyperosmolar dehydration

40. A 32-year-old patient has purulentwound in the lower third of forearm. Smearof purulent wound content has been made.What cells will be generally detected, if it isstained using Romanovsky-Giemsa stain?

A. NeutrophilB. EosinophilC. LymphocyteD. ErythrocyteE. Basocyte

41. A patient has oliguria caused by acuterenal failure. What daily amount of urinecorresponds with this symptom?

A. 100-500 mlB. 1500-2000 mlC. 1000-1500 mlD. 500-1000 mlE. 50-100 ml

42. A 7-year-old child suffers from acute di-sease. A pediatrician observed the followi-ng during examination: pharynx mucosa ishyperemic, edematous, swollen, coweredwith large amount of mucus. Buccal mucosahas whitish discoloured spots. On the nextday the child came out in rash with largespots covering the skin of his face, neck andtorso. What kind of inflammation causeschanges in pharynx mucosa?

A. CatarrhalB. SerousC. SerofibrinousD. FibrinousE. Hemorrhagic

43. Histological examination of the grayish-pink elastic nodule of 0,3 cm in diameterfound by a surgeon at the root of theextracted tooth shows granulation tissuewith cords of stratified squamous epitheli-um. What is the most likely diagnosis?


A. Granulomatous periodontitisB. Eosinophilic granulomaC. Granulating pulpitisD. Acute apical periodontitisE. Granulating periodontitis

44. Histological examination of a lymphnode removed from the posterior triangleof neck of an 18-year-old patient revealedsome cell agglomerations that included si-ngle multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells,major Hodgkin’s cells, minor Hodgki-n’s cells and many lymphocytes, singleplasmatic cells, eosinophils. What is themost likely diagnosis?

A. LymphogranulomatosisB. Nodular lymphomaC. Burkitts tumourD. Lymphocytic lymphomaE. Chronic lymphoid leukosis

45. Autopsy of a man who died from intrai-ntestinal hemorrhage revealed necrosis ofgrouped and solitary follicles, dead tissuesimbibed with bile and blood in the ileum;sequestration and rejection of necroticmasses with defect formation in the lowersegment of the intestine. Which of thefollowing diagnoses is most likely?

A. Typhoid fever, ulcerative stageB. Typhoid fever, "clean ulcer"stageC. Typhoid fever, necrosis stageD. Abdominal typhoid salmonellosisE. Crohn’s disease

46. An autopsy of the body of an aged man,who was suffering from acute intestinal di-sorder during his last 2 weeks, has revealedthe following change in the rectum and si-gmoid colon: brown and green film coveri-ng the mucosa is detected. The itestinalwall is thickened; the cavity sharply narrowsdown. Microscopy reveals mucosa necrosisof varying depth, necrotic tissue is piercedthrough with fibrin threads, leucocytic infi-ltration is observed. What diagnosis is mostprobable?

A. Fibrinous colitisB. Catharrhal colonC. Ulcerative colitisD. Follicular colitisE. -

47. A 28-year-old patient had been di-agnosed with multifragmental fracture ofthe right hip. On the third day after theinjury he began to complain of pain in theright side of chest, difficult respiration. Aday later the patient died of progressiveheart and respiratory failure. Histologi-cal study of pulmonary and cerebral

blood vessels revealed orange sudanophi-lic droplets that completely obstructed thevessels of microvasculature. What compli-cation caused the death of the patient?

A. Fat embolismB. Gas embolismC. Drug-induced embolismD. Microbial embolismE. Thromboembolism

48. A female patient with heavy poisoningcaused by sepsis has died. "Tiger heart"wasrevealed during autopsy. Microscopicinvestigation allowed to detect lipides inthe cardiac myocytes cytoplasm. Whatmorphogenetic development mechanism isthe main cause of this kind of dystrophy?

A. DecompositionB. InfiltrationC. TransformationD. Pathological synthesisE. -

49. A paitent, who works as a milkmaid,has made an appoinment with a dentist wi-th complaints of aphtha-shaped rash on themucosa of oral cavity. The doctor detectedrash on her hands in the area of nail plates.What agent causes this disease?

A. Foot-and-mouth disease virusB. CytomegalovirusC. Vesicular stomatitis virusD. HerpesvirusE. Coxsackie B virus

50. Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucustaken from a 2,5-year-old child withnasopharyngitis revealed gram-positive di-plococci looking like coffee grains. Whatorgans of the child are most likely to beaffected if these microorganisms penetratethe blood?

A. Brain tunicsB. Cardiac valvesC. Renal glomeruliD. Urogenital tractsE. Lymph nodes

51. A pregnant woman complains of vaginalmucosa irritation, itching and genital tractssecretion. Bacterioscopy of vaginal smearsrevealed large gram-positive oval oblongcells that form pseudomicelium. What isthe most probable channel of infection?

A. Endogenous infectionB. Sexual transmissionC. Contact infectionD. Vector-borne transmissionE. Wound infection


52. There are several cases of childrenfrom boarding school suffering from sorethroat. Microscopy of tonsil smears stainedaccording to Neisser method has revealedthin yellow bacilli with dark brown grai-ns on their ends placed in the shape ofRoman numeral five. What infection canbe suspected in this case?

A. DiphtheriaB. Infectious mononucleosisC. ListeriosisD. TonsillitisE. Scarlet fever

53. A patient has been hospitalised wi-th provisional diagnosis of hepatitis B. Tomake a diagnosis, serological reaction isused, which is based on antigen reacting wi-th antibody chemically bound with peroxi-dase or alkaline phosphatase. What is thename of this serological reaction?

A. EnzymoimmunoassayB. RadioimmunoassayC. Immunofluorescence testD. Complement binding assayE. Immobilization test

54. To perform conduction anesthesia apatient had been administered a drugused in dental surgery. It was followedby the symptoms of poisoning: centralnervous system excitation with followi-ng paralysis, and acute cardiovascularinsufficiency (collapse). Additionally therewere allergic reactions (itching, swelling,erythema). Name this drug.

A. LidocaineB. Suxamethonium chlorideC. Thiopental sodiumD. Tubocurarin chlorideE. Pipecuronium bromide

55. A patient in a collaptoid state has beengiven an injection of mesatonum for thecorrection of blood pressure. What is themechanism of this drug action?

A. It stimulates α-adrenergic receptorsB. It stimulates β-adrenergic receptorsC. It blocks α-adrenergic receptorsD. It blocks β-adrenergic receptorsE. It stimulates α- and β-adrenergicreceptors

56. A 42-year-old female patient consulteda doctor about pain in the knee joi-nts. Objectively there is swelling, redness,hyperthermia in the region of these joints.Laboratory testing revealed positive acutephase reactants. What drugs should be usedto treat this patient?

A. Anti-inflammatory drugsB. Narcotic analgesicsC. AntidepressantsD. AntibioticsE. Sulfonamides

57. A patient being treated for tuberculosisis suffering from hearing deterioration.What drug causes this complication?

A. StreptomycinB. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (Isoniazid)C. Kanamycin sulphateD. EthionamideE. Rifampicin

58. A 55-year-old mae patient with acuteheart failure has been administered aquick-relief cardiac glycoside. Which of thefollowing drugs has been given to the pati-ent?

A. StrophanthinB. AdonisidumC. DigitoxinD. CelanidE. Milrinone

59. A patient complains about retrosternalpain, dyspnea and palpitation. After exami-nation he was diagnosed with coronaryheart disease and prescribed verapamil.What is the mechanism of its action?

A. It blocks calcium channelsB. It blocks α-adrenoreceptorsC. It blocks β-adrenoreceptorsD. It blocks potassium channelsE. It blocks sodium channels

60. A doctor has prescribed clonidine forrapid relief of hypertensic crisis. Whatgroup does this drug belong to accordingto its mechanism of action?

A. Central α2-adrenoceptor agonistB. α-adrenergic blocking agentC. Nonselective α-adrenoceptor agonistD. Selective α1-adrenoceptor agonistE. Selective β1-adrenergic blocking agent

61. Examination of the oral cavity of a19-year-old patient revealed a small gapbetween the maxillary and mandibular inci-sors. There was no contact between thefront teeth. Specify the type of occlusionin this patient:

A. Open occlusionB. OrthognathiaC. Edge-to-edge occlusionD. Closed biteE. Prognathism

62. A 39-year-old patient has been sufferi-ng from gastric ulcer for the last 4 years.


His condition exacerbates in spring andautumn: he suffers from pain in epigastri-um, heartburn, nausea, constipation. Whatnosological term can be applied to the peri-od between two exacerbations?

A. Pathological stateB. Pathological processC. Pathological reactionD. Typical pathological processE. Good health

63. A patient has sustained a traumaticinjury of the greater pectoral muscle. Thisresulted in a decrease of:

A. Inspiratory reserve volumeB. Expiratory reserve volumeC. Tidal volumeD. Residual volumeE. Functional residual lung capacity

64. Denture installation has caused excessi-ve salivation in patient. It is caused by thefollowing reflexes:

A. UnconditionedB. ConditionedC. Conditioned and unconditionedD. LocalE. -

65. A 53-year-old patient with a long historyof nephrolithiasis underwent nephrectomy.The kidney looks as a thin-walled sac filledwith urine. Renal parenchyma is atrophied.Specify this complication of nephrolithiasis:

A. HydronephrosisB. PyelonephritisC. PyonephrosisD. Multicystic kidney diseaseE. Nephrosclerosis

66. Microscopy of smear preparation stai-ned with methylene blue revealed baci-lli with clublike expansions on their endssimilar to C.diphteriae. What additionalmethod of staining should be used to verifythis assumption?

A. NeisserB. KozlovskyC. Ziehl-NeelsenD. ZdrodovskyE. Aujeszky

67. A patient from Prykarpattia (at the footof the Carpathian mountains) with endemicgoiter consulted a doctor about suppurati-on of gingival angles and loosening of teeth.What is a major factor of periodontitisdevelopment in this case?

A. Endocrine disordersB. Stress effectsC. HypersalivationD. Violation of swallowingE. Malnutrition

68. A 38-year-old man died all of a sudden.Autopsy revealed myocardial infarction inthe posterior wall of the left ventricle. Whatare the most likely alterations in myocardi-ocyte structure that can be revealed mi-croscopically in the infarction focus?

A. KaryolysisB. Adipose degenerationC. Carbohydrate degenerationD. CalcificationE. Protein degeneration

69. A patient at the early stage of diabetesmellitus was found to have polyuria. Whatis its cause?

A. HyperglycemiaB. KetonemiaC. HypocholesterolemiaD. HypercholesterolemiaE. Hyperkaliemia

70. Microscopy of perianal folds scrapehas revealed colourless eggs in the shapeof asymmetrical ovals sized 50x23 mi-crometers. Name the kind of helminth.

A. Pin worm (Enterobius)B. Ascarid (Ascaris lumbricoides)C. Hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale)D. Whipworm (Trichuris)E. Dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana)

71. A female patient presents with theovarian hyperaemia, increased permeabi-lity of the blood-follicle barrier with thedevelopment of edema, infiltration of thefollicle wall with segmental leukocytes. Thefollicle is large in volume. Its wall is thi-ckened. What period of the sex cycle is thedescribed situation typical for?

A. Preovulatory stageB. OvulationC. Menstrual periodD. Postmenstrual periodE. Period of relative rest

72. The total number of leukocytes inpatient’s blood is 90 · 109/l. Leukogram:eosinophils - 0%, basophils - 0%,juvenile - 0%, stab neutrophils - 2%,segmentonuclear cells - 20%, lymphoblasts- 1%, prolymphocytes - 2%, lymphocytes -70%, monocytes - 5%, Botkin-Gumprechtcells. Clinical examination revealedenlarged cervical and submandibular lymphnodes. Such clinical presentations are typi-


cal for the following pathology:

A. Chronic lympholeukosisB. Acute lympholeukosisC. LymphogranulomatosisD. Infectious mononucleosisE. Chronic myeloleukosis

73. A 67-year-old patient has atherosclerosisof cardiac and cerebral vessels. Exami-nation revealed hyperlipidemia. Whatclass of blood plasma lipoproteids is mostimportant in atherosclerosis pathogenesis?

A. Low-density lipoproteidsB. ChylomicronsC. α-lipoproteidsD. High-density lipoproteidsE. -

74. A 42-year-old patient with tetanusdeveloped an acute respiratory failure.What type of respiratory failure occurs inthis case?

A. Disregulatory impairment of alveolarventilationB. Restrictive impairment of alveolar venti-lationC. Obstructive impairment of alveolarventilationD. Perfusion impairmentE. Diffusion impairment

75. A patient, who has been suffering fromsevere injury of thorax, went into shockfollowed by symptoms of acute renal fai-lure. What is the primary mechanism ofacute renal failure development in thiscase?

A. Arterial pressure dropB. Disruption of urinary outflowC. Increase of pressure in glomerularcapsuleD. Increase of pressure in renal arteriesE. Decrease of oncotic blood pressure

76. A histologic study of a red bone marrowpuncture sample had been conducted in thecourse of examination of a 35-year-old pati-ent, and significant megakaryocyte numberdepletion was detected. What peripheralblood changes will result from that?

A. ThrombocytopeniaB. LeukocytosisC. ThrombocytosisD. AgranulocytosisE. Leukopenia

77. A 5-year-old child with diagnosis of di-phtheria has been hospitalised in severecondition in a contagious isolation ward.Tracheostomy had to be performed on the

child to prevent asphyxiation. This operati-on was caried out in the following neck tri-angle (trigonum):

A. OmotrachealeB. CaroticumC. OmoclaviculareD. SubmandibulareE. Omotrapezoideum

78. A histological preparation ofcerebellum transverse section shows largenumber of multipolar neurons in the greymatter. What morphological feature allowsto identify them as multipolar?

A. Number of cellular processesB. Length of cellular processesC. Shape of axon terminalsD. Shape of perikaryonE. Cell size

79. A patient is diagnosed with seborrheicdermatitis caused by vitamin H (biotin)deficiency. Observed is activity disruptionof the following enzyme:

A. Acetyl-CoA carboxylaseB. Pyruvate decarboxylaseC. Alcohol dehydrogenaseD. AminotranspherasesE. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

80. Human X chromosome contains adominant gene that is reponsible for normalblood clotting. An autosomal dominantgene plays a similar role. Lack of any ofthese genes leads to the coagulation di-sorder. The form of interaction betweenthese genes is called:

A. ComplementarityB. EpistasisC. PolymerismD. CodominanceE. Pleiotropy

81. A 56-year-old female patient is regi-strated in a psychoneurologic dispensarydue to her suffering from epilepsy, specifi-cally, minor attacks (pti mal). What drug ismost efficient in this case?

A. Sodium valproateB. PhenobarbitalC. TrihexyphenidylD. LevodopaE. Phenytoin

82. Glucose content of blood stays at suffi-cient level after one week of starvation.Is it caused by activation of the followingprocess:


A. GluconeogenesisB. GlycolysisC. GlycogenolysisD. Tricarboxylic acid cycleE. Glycogen phosphorolysis

83. As a result of a trauma a patient hasdeveloped traumatic shock. The patient isfussy, talkative, pale. AP- 140/90 mm Hg,Ps-120 bpm. This condition is consistent wi-th the following shock phase:

A. ErectileB. LatentC. TerminalD. TorpidE. -

84. A 60-year-old patient with a history ofbronchial asthma has had several attacksduring the day. What is the optimal drug tobe used for their prevention?

A. SalbutamolB. IsadrinumC. Adrenaline hydrochlorideD. DobutamineE. Methacinum

85. A 12-year-old child is of short stature,has disproportionate body structure andmental retardation. These characteristicsmight be caused by the hyposecretion ofthe following hormone:

A. ThyroxineB. InsulinC. CortisolD. SomatotropinE. Glucagon

86. An injured person with a wound offorearm radial surface has been brought toa surgical department. Venous bleeding ofthe wound is observed. What blood vesselis damaged?

A. V. cephalicaB. V. basilicaC. V. intermedia cubitiD. Vv. ulnaresE. Vv. brachialеs

87. A patient has been diagnosed with baci-llary dysentery. What drug of those listedbelow should be prescribed?

A. AmoxicillinB. Benzylpenicillin sodium saltC. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (Isoniazid)D. ItraconazoleE. Acyclovir

88. A patient with acute retention of uri-ne has been brought to an admission room.During examination a doctor found out that

the patient has urethral obturation causedby pathology of the surrounding organ.Name this organ.

A. ProstateB. TesticleC. Seminal vesicleD. Spermatic cordE. Epididymis

89. A patient underwent lobectomy of theright middle lobe of a lung. What segmentsof the lung were affected?

A. Lateral and medialB. Apical, anteriorC. Basal medial and anteriorD. Basal posterior and lateralE. Apical posterior and anterior

90. A patient was taken to a hospital wi-th dizziness, dry mouth, mydriatic pupi-ls, accommodation disorder, tachycardia,difficult urination, intestinal atony. Thesesymptoms might have been caused byoverdose of the following drug:

A. Atropine sulfateB. FurosemideC. ClonidineD. CaptoprilE. Prazosin

91. A connective tissue preparation stainedwith hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenouscell groups surrounded with basophi-lic intercellular substance. No fibrousstructures detected. What type of connecti-ve tissue is it?

A. Hyaline cartilage tissueB. Elastic cartilage tissueC. Dense fibrous tissueD. Loose fibrous tissueE. Splenial bone tissue

92. A patient has addressed a doctor wi-th complaint of gastric ulcer exacerbati-on. The following membrane cytoreceptorsshould be blocked in the course of the pati-ent’s complex therapy:

A. �2-histamineB. �1-histamineC. α-adrenergic receptorD. β1-adrenergic receptorE. β2-adrenergic receptor

93. A 36-year-old patient consulted anophthalmologist about eye ache. Theexamination revealed the erosion of thecornea, that is the lack of superficial andspinous layers of the epithelium. What cellswill provide regeneration of the damagedepithelium?


A. Cells of the stratum basaleB. Cells of the stratum corneumC. Cells of the the stratum granulosumD. Cells of the stratum lucidumE. Cell of the stratum superficiale

94. A 25-year-old woman has died whengiving birth. The histological study of herkidneys has revealed the following in theepithelium of nephron tubules: condensati-on of nucleus chromatin, nuclei breaki-ng down into lumps, and lysis, alongwith plasmorrhexis and cytolysis. Whatpathologic process was revealed in the epi-thelium of kidney tubules?

A. NecrosisB. Hydropic degenerationC. AmyloidosisD. Fatty degenerationE. Hyalinosis

95. A 43-year-old female complains of wei-ght loss, hyperhidrosis, low-grade fever,increased irritability. She has been foundto have hyperfunction of the sympathetic-adrenal system and basal metaboli-sm. These disorders can be caused byhypersecretion of the following hormone:

A. ThyroxineB. SomatotropinC. CorticotropinD. InsulinE. Aldosterone

96. A 30-year-old driver complains ofallergic rhinitis that usually excerbates inspring. He has been administered an anti-histamine drug with a slight sedative effectand 24-hour period of action. Which of thelisted drugs has been administered?

A. LoratadineB. DimedrolC. HeparinD. VicasolE. Oxytocin

97. A patient suffers from a severe life-threatening generalised septic infection.What group of chemotherapeutical drugsshould be prescribed in this case?

A. CephalosporinesB. TetracyclinesC. SulfanilamidesD. Chloramphenicol groupE. Macrolides

98. A patient, who had been eatingonly polished rice, developed polyneuri-tis caused by thiamine deficiency. Whatcompound can be indicative of this kind

of avitaminosis when excreted with urine?

A. Pyruvic acidB. MalateC. Methylmalonic acidD. Uric acidE. Phenylpyruvate

99. As a result of treatment of viral RNAwith nitrous acid, UCA triplet mutatedto UGA triplet. What kind of mutationoccurred?

A. TransitionB. Nucleotide deletionC. MissenseD. Nucleotide insertionE. Inversion

100. To prevent possible negative effectupon the gastric mucsa a patient withrheumatoid arthritis was administered anonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug - aCOX-2 selective inhibitor. Specify thisdrug:

A. CelecoxibB. AnalgineC. Acetylsalicinic acidD. ButadionE. Ibuprofen

101. A 46-year-old patient consulted adoctor about pustular rash on the skin ofthe limbs. What antiseptic should be admi-nistered to the patient?

A. Alcohol solution of iodineB. InsulinC. PrednisoloneD. SibazonE. Heparin

102. As a result of dysfunction of proteinsynthesis in liver a patient with hepaticinsufficiency has disturbed synthesis ofprocoagulants, prothrombin, fibrinogen.Which of the listed syndromes can beexpected in this patient?

A. HaemorrhagicB. Portal haemorrhagic syndromeC. Hepatolienal syndromeD. Acholia syndromeE. Cholaemia syndrome

103. A patient suffering from stenocardiatakes 100 mg of acetylsalicilic acid daily.What is the effect of acetylsalicilic acid inthis patient?


A. Inhibition of thrombocyte aggregationB. Inhibition of blood coagulationC. Dilatation of coronary vesselsD. Prothrombin rate reductionE. Cholesterol rate reduction

104. A 49-year-old male patient withmyocardial infarction has been admitted tothe cardiology department. What changesin the peripheral blood cells are induced bythe necrotic changes in the myocardium?

A. Neutrophilic leukocytosisB. MonocytosisC. EosinophiliaD. ThrombocytopeniaE. Lymphopenia

105. In the area being the epicenter of theregistered rabies cases among wild animalsa 43-year-old man presented to a clinic andclaimed to have been bitten by a stray dog.He was given a course of anti-rabies vacci-ne. This preparation relates to the followingtype of vaccines:

A. AttenuatedB. InactivatedC. MolecularD. ToxoidsE. Synthetic

106. In Western Europe nearly half of allcongenital malformations occur in the chi-ldren conceived in the period when pesti-cides were used extensively in the region.Those congenital conditions result from thefollowing influence:

A. TeratogenicB. CarcinogenicC. MalignizationD. MutagenicE. Mechanical

107. Tooth extraction in a patient withchronic persistent hepatitis was compli-cated by a prolonged bleeding. What is thecause of hemorrhagic syndrome?

A. Decreased production of thrombinB. Increased production of thromboplastinC. Decreased production of fibrinD. Increased synthesis of fibrinogenE. Increased fibrinolysis

108. A patient has been hospitalized wi-th skull trauma. His examination establi-shed absence of volitional movements ofhis head and neck muscles. What part ofbrain can cause this effect if damaged?

A. Lower part of precentral gyrusB. Lower part of postcentral gyrusC. Upper part of precentral gyrusD. Upper part of postcentral gyrusE. Inferior frontal (Broca’s) gyrus

109. A 12-year-old male patient has tetanicconvulsions. Which gland function may beimpaired in this case?

A. Glandulae parathyroidaeB. HypophisisC. Glandula thyroideaD. ThymusE. Glandula pinealis

110. A 45-year-old female patient hasneurosis with irritability, insomnia, amoti-vational anxiety. What tranquilizer will beable to eliminate all symptoms of the di-sease?

A. DiazepamB. ParacetamolC. PiracetamD. Caffeine-sodium benzoateE. Levodopa

111. A patient presented to a hospital wi-th complaints about quick fatigability andsignificant muscle weakness. Examinati-on revealed an autoimmune disease thatcauses functional disorder of receptors inthe neuromuscular synapses. This will resultin the disturbed activity of the followingmediator:

A. AcetylcholineB. NoradrenalineC. DopamineD. SerotoninE. Glycine

112. A preparation of endocrine glanddemonstrates cortical and medullarysubstances divided with connective tissuelayer. In the cortical substance parenchymacells make up three zones: they formrounded clusters in the superficial zone,parallel strands in the middle one, and inthe deep zone cell strands form net-likestructure. What gland is it?

A. AdrenalB. ThyroidC. HypophysisD. EpiphysisE. Hypothalamus

113. Orthodontic treatment of a childproved to be ineffective due to the chronicmouth breathing since the nasal breathi-ng is impaired. This is caused by thehypertrophy of the following tonsils:


A. PharyngealB. TubalC. LingualD. PalatineE. Palatine and tubal

114. A patient complains of feeling ofpain in his upper jaw and teeth. Physicalexaminations reveals painful feeling whensupraorbital incisure area is pressed. Whatnerve is damaged?

A. The 2nd branch of trigeminal nerveB. The 1st branch of trigeminal nerveC. The 3rd branch of trigeminal nerveD. Trochlear nerveE. Facial nerve

115. A patient with mandibular osteomyeli-tis shows the signs of plexus dentalis inferi-or damage and innervation disruption ofhis mandibular teeth and gums. What nerveprovides this innervation with its branches?

A. N. alveolaris inferiorB. N. maxillarisC. N. lingualisD. N. buccalisE. N. facialis

116. A patient has some vesicles on themucous membrane of the oral cavity, li-ps and nose. A dentist suspected vesicularstomatitis. What analysis will allow to confi-rm the diagnosis?

A. Recovery of virus from the vesicular fluidB. Allergy testC. Recovery of bacteria from the vesicularfluidD. Contamination of animals with the vesi-cular fluidE. Microscopy of the vesicular fluid

117. Periodontitis induces the developmentof lipid peroxidation in the periodontaltissues, as well as an increase inmalondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxideconcentration in the oral cavity. Which ofthe following enzymes provides antioxidantprotection?

A. CatalaseB. AmylaseC. MaltaseD. LactaseE. Invertase

118. Osteolaterism is characterized by adecrease in collagen strength caused bymuch less intensive formation of cross-linksin the collagen fibrils. This phenomenonis caused by hypoactivity of the followingenzyme:

A. Lysyl oxidaseB. Monoamino-oxidaseC. Prolyl hydroxylaseD. Lysyl hydroxylaseE. Collagenase

119. After the transfusion of theconcentrated red blood cells the patientdeveloped posttransfusion shock. What isthe leading mechanism of acute renal fai-lure in this case?

A. Glomerular filtration disorderB. Tubular reabsorption disorderC. Tubular secretion disorderD. Urinary excretion disorderE. Impairment of the renal incretory functi-on

120. A 50-year-old patient has beenreferred for treatment of neck lymphadeni-tis. His individual penicillin sensitivi-ty was tested. In 30 seconds full-bodyfever raised in the patient and his arteri-al blood pressure dropped to 0 mm Hg,followed by cardiac arrest. Resuscitationwas unsuccessful. Autopsy revealed acutevenous hyperemia of viscera. Histologicalstudy revealed mast cells (tissue basocytes)degranulation in the skin (at the area ofinjections), myocardium and lungs. Whatkind of hypersensitivity reaction occurredin patient?

A. AnaphylacticB. Delayed-type hypersensitivityC. Complement-mediated cytotoxicD. Immune complex-mediatedE. -

121. A young man has the followi-ng symptoms: purulent acne on theface; wrinkled, hyperemic skin; eyebrowsand eyelashes are falling out. A doctorhas made a diagnosis of demodicosis(demodectic mange). What preventivemeasures can be recommended?

A. Maintaining personal hygieneB. Protection from mite bitesC. RepellentsD. Processing premises with insecticidesE. Donor blood check-up

122. An oncological patient had been admi-nistered methotrexate. With time targetcells of the tumour lost sensitivity to thisdrug. At the same time the change ingene expression of the following enzymeis observed:


A. Dehydropholate reductaseB. ThiaminaseC. DeaminaseD. Pholate oxidaseE. Pholate decarboxylase

123. A patient has secretory dysfunctionof the submandibular salivary galnd. Whi-ch nerve is responsible for its vegetativeinnervation?

A. Сhorda tympaniB. N.auriculotemporalisC. N.mandibularisD. N.petrosus majorE. N.petrosus minor

124. A patient complains of decreased abi-lty to produce proper pressure with hismasticatory muscles. What method of studyallows checking the patient’s complaint?

A. GnathodynamometryB. DynamometryC. ElectromyographyD. SphygmographyE. Masticatiography

125. A child is 6 years old. The permanentteeth have started to take the place of theprimary teeth. What teeth are the first toemerge?

A. Lower first molarsB. Lower first premolarsC. Upper first premolarsD. Upper medial incisorsE. Lower canines

126. Examination of the oral mucosarevaled a small nodule with papillarysurface. Histological examination revealedconjugate papillary proliferations of strati-fied squamous epithelium without cellularatypism and underlying stroma representedby thin-walled vessels and loose connectivetissue. What formation has developed in apatient?

A. PapillomaB. FibromaC. FibrolipomaD. Epithelium hyperplasiaE. Basal cell carcinoma

127. A 9-year-old child has multiple lesionsof the oral mucosa in form of small painfulhyperemic sores with a white deposit in thecenter; enlarged and painful submandibularlymph nodes. Microscopic examination ofthe affected region revealed a superfici-al defect covered by fibrin; edematic andhyperemic submucosa with inflammatoryinfiltration. What is the most likely di-agnosis?

A. Aphthous stomatitisB. Hypertrophic stomatitisC. Herpetic stomatitisD. Catarrhal gingivitisE. -

128. An irregular-shaped dense grey andwhite focus has appeared on the pati-ent’s oral cavity mucosa, raising abovemucosa surface. The patient considers itto be denture-caused damage of mucosa.Microscopy has revealed the following:hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis,acanthosis of stratified epithelium ofmucosa; underlaying connective tissuehas lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Whatpathology is it?

A. LeukoplakiaB. CandidosisC. IchthyosisD. Syphilitic papulaE. Lupus erythematosus

129. After restoration of maxllary incisorswith artificial crowns a 44-year-old femalewas found to have a brownish overgrowthin form of a node of 15 mm in diameter.Histological study revealed that underthe stratified squamous epithelium of gi-ngiva there was a connective tissue masswith numerous sinusoidal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclear cells forming osteoidsubstance, and polynuclear giant cells thatdestroyed the alveolar ridge of the upperjaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Giant cell epulisB. Fibromatous epulisC. Angiomatous epulisD. Gingival fibromatosisE. Eosinophilic granuloma

130. A rounded whitish-pink tumor nodewith diameter of 6 cm has been removedfrom uterine cavity. Microscopy revealed itto consist of chaotically arranged smoothmuscle fibers with large amount of stromathreaded through with nerves and bloodvessels. What diagnosis is most probable?

A. FfibromyomaB. Granular cell (Abrikosov’s) tumorC. DesmoidD. HibernomaE. Rhabdomyoma

131. Wilson’s disease is a disorder of coppertransport which leads to the accumulati-on of this metal in brain and liver cells.It is associated with a disturbance in thesynthesis of the following protein:


A. CeruloplasminB. MetallothioneinC. TranscobalaminD. HaptoglobinE. Siderophilin

132. The patient’s examination in a hospitalspecialised in diseases of nervous systemhas revealed absence of light-induced mi-osis. It is caused by damage of the followingbrain structures:

A. Vegetative nuclei of the 3rd pair ofcranial nervesB. Red nuclei of mesencephalonC. Reticular nuclei of mesencephalonD. Hypothalamus nucleiE. Reticular nuclei of medulla oblongata

133. A patient with pituitary tumorcomplains of increased daily diuresis(polyuria). Glucose concentration in bloodplasma equals 4,8 mmol/l. What hormonecan be the cause of this if its secretion isdisturbed?

A. VasopressinB. AldosteroneC. Natriuretic hormoneD. InsulinE. Angiotensin I

134. During AB0 blood grouping by usingcoliclons (diagnostic monoclonal antibodi-es), haemagglutination did not occur wi-th any of the coliclons. What is the bloodgroup of the patient under examination?

A. 0 (I)B. A (II)C. B (III)D. AB (IV)E. -

135. A newborn boy has been diagnosed wi-th hydrocephalus. Doctors consider it to becaused by teratogenic factors. What germlayers are affected by teratogen?

A. EctodermB. All embryo germ layersC. Endoderm and mesodermD. EndodermE. Mesoderm

136. During ventricular systole the muscledoes not respond to additional stimulationbecause it is in the phase of:

A. Absolute adiaphoriaB. Relative adiaphoriaC. Increased excitabilityD. Subnormal excitabilityE. -

137. A patient is diagnosed with acutemorphine hydrochloride poisoning. Choosethe oxidant drug to be prescribed for gastriclavage.

A. Potassium permanganateB. ChloramineC. Sulfocamphocainum (Procaine +Sulfocamphoric acid)D. CerigelE. Chlorhexidine digluconate

138. After arriving in the polar region,researchers from Australia have complai-ned of nervous disorders, loss of appeti-te, aggravation of chronic diseases for 6months. What process has been disruptedin extreme conditions?

A. AdaptationB. ToleranceC. TachyphylaxisD. StressE. Reparation

139. Microelectrode technique allowedto register a potential following "all-or-none"law and being able of undecrementalspreading. Specify this potential:

A. Action potentialB. Excitatory postsynaptic potentialC. Rest potentialD. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentialE. Receptor potential

140. A woman with A (II), Rh-negativeblood had a child with B (III), Rh-positiveblood. The child was diagnosed withcongenital anaemia of newborns. What isthe most likely cause of its development?

A. Rhesus incompatibilityB. Hereditary chromosomal pathologyC. AB0-incompatibilityD. Intrauterine intoxicationE. Intrauterine infection

141. Throughout a year a 37-year-oldwoman periodically got infectious di-seases of bacterial origin, their coursewas extremely lingering, remissions wereshort. Examination revealed low level ofmajor classes of immunoglobulins. The di-rect cause of this phenomenon may be thefollowing cell dysfunction:

A. PlasmocytesB. PhagocytesC. NeutrophilsD. MacrophagesE. Lymphocytes

142. A patient is diagnosed with pancreaticdiabetes with associated hyperglycemia.


Glycemia rate can be assessed retrospecti-vely (4-8 weeks prior to examination) bymeasuring concentration of the followingblood plasma protein:

A. Glycated hemoglobinB. AlbuminC. FibrinogenD. C-reactive proteinE. Ceruloplasmin

143. When examining a patient with a suspi-cion of food toxicoinfection, a doctor onduty has detected symptoms characteristicof botulism. The patient named the mealshe had eaten the day before. What is themost probable cause of infection?

A. Homemade canned meatB. Custard pastry from private bakeryC. Sour cream from local dairy factoryD. Strawberries from suburban vegetablegardenE. Fried eggs

144. A histological preparation of multi-rooted tooth reveals polygonal cells withprocesses in the root bifurcation area. Whatcells and what dental tissues are characteri-sed by these morphologic features?

A. Cementocytes, cementB. Odontoblasts, enamelC. Enameloblasts, enamelD. Fibroblasts, pulpE. Cementocytes, dentine

145. A 26-year-old woman at 40 weeks’gestation was admitted to the maternityward. Examination revealed that the cervixwas open, but uterine contractions wereabsent. The doctor gave her a hormonaldrug to induce labor. Specify this drug:

A. OxytocinB. HydrocortisoneC. EstroneD. TestosteroneE. ACTH

146. A patient consulted an immunologistabout diarrhea, weight loss within severalmonths, low-grade fever, enlarged lymphnodes. The doctor suspected HIV infecti-on. What immunocompetent cells must bestudied in the first place?

A. Helper T-lymphocytesB. Suppressor T-lymphocytesC. B-lymphocytesD. MonocytesE. Plasma cells

147. Pyrogenal administered to a rabbit,in the course of an experiment, resulted

in increase of its body temperature. Whatsubstance of those named below acts as asecondary pyrogen that is a part of fever-inducing mechanism?

A. Interleukin 1B. Pseudomonas polysaccharide (Piromen)C. HistamineD. BradykininE. Immunoglobulin

148. Phenylketonuria is a disease causedby a recessive gene that is localized in theautosome. The parents are heterozygous forthis gene. They already have two sons withphenylketonuria and one healthy daughter.What is the probability that their fourth chi-ld will have the disease too?

A. 25%B. 0%C. 50%D. 75%E. 100%

149. X-chromatin test of somatic cellsis used for quick diagnostics of heredi-tary diseases caused by variations ofsex chromosomes number. What is thekaryotype of a male, whose cells mostlycontain one X-chromatin body?

A. 47, ХХYB. 45, Х0C. 46, ХYD. 48, ХХХYE. 49, ХХХХY

150. A 32-year-old patient has B2 hypovi-taminosis. The specific symptoms such asepithelial, mucosal, skin and corneal lesionsare most likely to be caused by the defici-ency of:

A. Flavin coenzymesB. Cytochrome a1C. Cytochrome oxidaseD. Cytochrome bE. Cytochrome c

151. A female patient suffering fromcoronary artery disease has been prescri-bed amiodarone that has antianginal acti-on. What other action does this drug have?

A. AntiarrhythmicB. AnalgesicC. Local anaestheticD. Anti-inflammatoryE. Anti-shock

152. In order to prevent massivehaemorrhage in the region of oral cavityfloor it is required to ligate an artery whichis located within Pirogov’s triangle. What


artery is it?

A. Lingual arteryB. Superior thyroid arteryC. Facial arteryD. Ascending pharyngeal arteryE. Maxillary artery

153. Histological study of a microslide ofhuman skin found only dense irregularconnective tissue. Which layer of this organwas analysed?

A. Reticular dermisB. Papillary dermisC. Subcutaneous adipose tissueD. EpidermisE. Basal layer of epidermis

154. A patient has been preliminarily di-agnosed withf paragonimiasis. This di-sease is caused by lung flukes. The causati-ve agent entered into the patient’s bodythrough:

A. Eating half-cooked lobsters and crabsB. Eating unwashed vegetablesC. Contact with an infected catD. Eating half-cooked or dried fishE. Drinking raw water from open reservoirs

155. A shepherd who has tended sheeptogether with dogs consulted a doctor aboutpain in his right subcostal area, nausea,vomiting. Roentgenoscopy revealed atumour-like formation. What kind of helmi-nthiasis might be suspected?

A. EchinococcosisB. AscaridiasisC. EnterobiasisD. TaeniarhynchosisE. Taeniasis

156. A preparation of intestine revealscomplex branching tubuloalveolar glandswith their ends in submucous layer. Whatorgan is it?

A. DuodenumB. JejunumC. IleumD. ColonE. Cecum

157. After examining the patient thedoctor recommended him to eliminate richmeat and vegetable broth, spices, smokedproducts from the diet, since the patientwas found to have:

A. Increased secretion of hydrochloric acidby the stomach glandsB. Reduced secretion of hydrochloric acidby the stomach glandsC. Reduced motility of the gastrointestinaltractD. Reduced salivationE. Biliary dyskinesia

158. A 60-year-old patient has taken a drugto relieve angina pectoris attack; in severalminutes pain felt in the breastbone areaabated, but it was followed by feeling ofvertigo, headache, tinnitus, and hyperemiaof face. What drug has he taken?

A. NnitroglycerineB. ValidolC. NifedipineD. VerapamilE. Amiodarone

159. A young couple has a child wi-th encephalopathy. A doctor determinedthis disease to be caused by mitochondri-al DNA disorder. In what way are mi-tochondrial pathologies inherited?

A. From mother to all her childrenB. From mother to sonC. From father to daughterD. From father to sonE. From both parents to all their children

160. When examining a female patient adoctor observed the following: misshapenauricles, elevated palate, teeth growth di-sorder; mental retardation; no disruptionof reproductive function. Provisional di-agnosis is the "super woman"syndrome.Point out the karyotype of this disease.

A. (47, ХXХ)B. (47, ХXY)C. (47, YYY)D. (47, ХYY)E. (45, Х0)

161. A patient has temporal bone fracturecaused by an accident. What muscle functi-oning is disrupted?

A. M. masseterB. M. temporalisC. M. pterygoideus medialisD. M. pterygoideus lateralisE. M. risorius

162. Peripheral nerve trauma causes muscleatrophy; bones become porous and brittle;sores appear on skin and mucosa. Whatfunction of nervous system is damaged?


A. TrophicB. MotorC. SensoryD. VegetativeE. Higher nervous activity

163. Diphtheria exotoxin had been treatedwith 0,3-0,4% formalin and kept in athermostat for 30 days at a temperature of40oC. What preparation was obtained as aresult of these manipulations?

A. AnatoxinB. AntitoxinC. DiagnosticumD. Therapeutic serumE. Diagnostic serum

164. A patient with acute cardiac failurehas been taking cardiac glycoside drug fora long time. He has developed the followi-ng symptoms: nausea, fatigue, extrasystole.What is the cause of this symptoms?

A. Material cumulationB. IdiosyncrasyC. Acquired toleranceD. Functional cumulationE. Drug addiction

165. Preventive examination of a 55-year-old patient revealed type II diabetesmellitus. An endocrinologist revealedan increase in body weight and liverenlargement. The man is non-smoker anddoesn’t abuse alcohol but likes to have agood meal. Histological examination bymeans of diagnostic liver puncture revealedthat the hepatocytes were enlarged mostlyon the lobule periphery, their cytoplasmhad transparent vacuoles showing posi-tive reaction with sudan III. What liverpathology was revealed?

A. Fatty hepatosisB. Acute viral hepatitisC. Chronic viral hepatitisD. Alcohol hepatitisE. Portal liver cirrhosis

166. Squamous part of temporal bone andthe artery situated on its inner surface havebeen damaged in the result of inflictedgunshot wound. What artery is it?

A. Middle collateral arteryB. Middle temporal arteryC. Superficial temporal arteryD. Anterior deep temporal arteryE. Posterior deep temporal artery

167. Activation of certain hemostasissystem factors is done through calcium ionsattachment. What structural componentallows this attachment?

A. Gamma-carboxyglutamic acidB. Gamma-aminobutyric acidC. Gamma-oxybutyric acidD. HydroxyprolineE. Mono amino dicarboxylic acids

168. Tooth temperature increases during itspreparation due to dental borer friction,which may cause painful sensations. Whatis the threshold of teeth thermal sensitivity?

A. 51-60 0СB. 41-50 0СC. 10-20 0СD. 21-30 0СE. 31-40 0С

169. A patient suffering from pericardi-tis with rapid progression has developedacute cardiac tamponade. What regulationmechanism is most likely to compensate forthis pathology?

A. TachycardiaB. HeterometricC. HomeometricD. Inotropic effect of catecholaminesE. Vasoconstriction

170. A patient with incised wound oftrapezius muscle has been referred to atraumatology department. What cervicalfascia forms sheath of this muscle?

A. Lamina superficialisB. Muscular part of lamina pretrachealisC. Visceral part of lamina pretrachealisD. Lamina prevertebralisE. Vagina carotica

171. A 64-year-old male patient died withsymptoms of acute cardiovascular failure.Autopsy results: the section of the anteriorwall of the left ventricle showed a yellowi-sh flaccid 1,5-2 cm focus surrounded bya reddish rim. The convoluted coronaryarteries had lumen irregularly narrowedby 75%. The vessel intima was thickened,dense, covered with whitish plaques,crunched when cut. What disease can youthink of?

A. Acute myocardial infarctionB. Continuously recurrent myocardialinfarctionC. Postinfarction cardiosclerosisD. Microfocal cardiosclerosisE. Recurrent myocardial infarction

172. A 36-year-old patient underwent toothextraction at a dental clinic. After twoweeks the stratified squamous epitheliumregenerated at this site. What organelleswere involved in the restoration of the


mucous membrane?

A. RibosomesB. CentrosomesC. PostlysosomesD. Smooth EPRE. Mitochondria

173. A dentist has detected symptomsof parodontosis in a patient. What anti-protozoal drug should be prescribed?

A. MetronidazoleB. LevamisoleC. GriseofulvinD. MykoseptinE. Furazolidone

174. A 36-year-old patient had had atraumatic brain injury which caused aswallowing impairment. Which part ofbrain was affected?

A. Medulla oblongataB. MesencephalonC. DiencephalonD. Reticular formationE. Thalamus

175. A 43-year-old patient has acutepancreatitis with concomitant disruption ofcommon bile duct patency. What conditioncan it result in?

A. Mechanical jaundiceB. Hemolytic jaundiceC. Hepatocellular jaundiceD. Hepatic comaE. Portal hypertension

176. An inflammatory process in tissues ischaracterised by hyperemia and edema.What leukocytes situated in connecti-ve tissue provide for vasodilatation andincreased blood vessel capacity under theseconditions?

A. BasocytesB. NeutrophilsC. EosinophilsD. T-lymphocytesE. B-lymphocytes

177. Postmortem examination of a patientwith a long history of rheumatism revealedthickening and shortening of the mitralvalve leaflets with abundant thromboticdeposits. Histological examination of thevalve leaflets confirmed sclerosis andrevealed multiple foci of connective tissuedisorganization in form of mucoid and fi-brinoid swelling, as well as deendothelizati-on foci. Endothelium defects were coveredwith thrombotic deposits of 1-2 mm. Whattype of valvular endocarditis is the case?

A. Recurrent verrucous endocarditisB. Acute verrucous endocarditisC. Fibroplastic endocarditisD. Diffuse valvulitisE. Polypous-ulcerative endocarditis

178. Autopsy of a dead 6-year-old childrevealed a marked edema of the soft tissuesof neck and enlarged tonsils. Pharyngealmucosa was covered with numerous densewhitish-yellow pellicles exposing deepulcers after their removal. Histologicalexamination of the pharyngeal mucosarevealed necrosis of the upper epitheli-al layers, impregnation of the mucousmemrane with the fibrinous exudate andmoderate leukocyte infiltration. Whatinfectious disease caused the death of thechild?

A. DiphtheriaB. ParainfluenzaC. Scarlet feverD. Whooping coughE. Measles

179. A patient was suffering from primarytuberculosis 5 years ago. Radiography hasrevealed a sharply marginated nodularshadow with diameter of 4 cm in the2nd segment of the right lung. Focus wassurgically removed. Histological study hasrevealed the following: the focus of caseousnecrosis surrounded by the thick capsule ofconnective tissue. What kind of secondarytuberculosis has occurred in patient?

A. TuberculomaB. Acute cavernous tuberculosisC. Fibro-cavernous tuberculosisD. Caseous pneumoniaE. Cirrhotic tuberculosis

180. When examining the child’s oral cavity,a dentist has noticed growth of the child’sfirst permanent canines. How old is the chi-ld?

A. 13B. 10C. 9D. 7E. 6

181. Calcification of dental tissues is signi-ficantly influenced by osteocalcin proteinwhich has an ability to bind calcium ionsdue to the presence of the following modi-fied amino acid residues in the polypeptidechain:


A. γ-carbon glutamineB. AlanineC. γ-aminobutyricD. Carboxy aspargineE. δ-aminopropionic

182. A 47-year-old male patient consulteda dentist about difficult mouth openi-ng (lockjaw). The patient has a historyof a stab wound of the lower extremity.What infection can be manifested by thesesymptoms?

A. TetanusB. BrucellosisC. Whooping coughD. Anaerobic wound infectionE. Tularemia

183. An autopsy of the body of a 56-year-old man, who was suffering from secondarytuberculosis, has revealed large areas ofsclerosis in the I-II segments of the rightlung. Tissue surrounding affected areas ispale, soft, convex; crunches when cut; doesnot recede. Specify the changes occuring inthe tissues surrounding sclerosis focus.

A. Focal emphysemaB. BronchiectasisC. PneumothoraxD. AtelectasisE. Abscess

184. Microscopy of dental plaque revealedunicellular organisms. Their cytoplasm hadtwo distinct layers, barely visible core, widepseudopodia. The patient is most likely tohave:

A. Entamoeba gingivalisB. LambliaC. Trichomonas tenaxD. Entamoeba histolyticaE. Entamoeba coli

185. The patient’s condition after bloodtransfusion has been aggravated byposttransfusion shock. Name the type ofallergic reaction causing this pathology.

A. CytotoxicB. AnaphylacticC. Immune complexD. Delayed-type hypersensitivityE. Receptor-mediated

186. Patient’s eye accomodation process hasbeen disrupted. What muscle is damaged?

A. Musculus ciliarisB. Musculus sphincter pupillaeC. Musculus dilatator pupillaeD. Musculus rectus superiorE. Musculus rectus inferior

187. A histological specimen represents anorgan whose wall consists of the mucosa,submucosa, fibrocartilage and adventi-tious cartilage. The organ is lined bypseudostratified ciliary epithelium, themuscular layer of the mucosa is absent, thesubmucosa contains seromucous glands.Hyaline cartilage C-rings are present. Whatorgan has the described morphologicalcharacteristics?

A. TracheaB. BronchioleC. Secondary bronchusD. Terminal bronchioleE. Larynx

188. Continuous treatment of cancer pati-ents with methotrexate over time reducesthe target cell’s sensitivity to the drug. Inthis case gene amplification of the followi-ng enzyme is observed:

A. Dihydrofolate reductaseB. ThiaminaseC. DeaminaseD. Thioredoxin reductaseThioredoxin reductaseE. -

189. To conduct serum diagnostics oftyphoid fever a test is carried out, when di-agnosticums of three types of microorgani-sms are being added into different soluti-ons of patient’s serum; then agglutinateformation is checked. Name the author ofthis kind of test.

A. WidalB. WassermannC. OuchterlonyD. WrightE. Sachs-Witebsky

190. In course of an experiment researchersstimulate a branch of a sympathetic nervethat innervates heart. What changes incardiac activity should be registered?

A. Increase in heart rate and heart forceB. Decrease in heart forceC. Increase in heart rateD. Increase in heart forceE. Increase in arterial pressure

191. A patient has chronic rhinitis. Nasalcavity mucosa swelling causes disruption ofthe olfactory nerve receptors placed in thenasal cavity olfactory region. What formati-on allows for olfactory nerve endings toenter into anterior cranial fossa?


A. Lamina cribrosa os ethmoidaleB. Foramen ethmoidale anteriorC. Foramen ethmoidale posteriorD. Foramen sphenopalatinumE. Foramen incisivum

192. Ability to divide is characteristic ofprocariotic and eukaryotic cells. Procari-otic cell division is different from thatof eukaryotic, but there is one molecularprocess that is the basis of both types of di-vision. Name this process.

A. DNA replicationB. TranscriptionC. ReparationD. TranslationE. Gene amplification

193. An isolated heart of a mammal has haddiastolic arrest in the process of perfusi-on with an ion-rich solution. Solution hadexcess of the following ions:

A. PotassiumB. SodiumC. ChlorineD. MagnesiumE. Calcium

194. A patient with hypoparathyreosishas multiple carious lesions of teeth. Thispathology is caused by insufficiency of thefollowing hormone:

A. CalcitoninB. ThyroxinC. TriiodothyronineD. Thyroid-stimulating hormoneE. Somatotropin

195. As a result of a rapid change fromhorizontal to vertical body position a 16-year-old girl lost consciousness. What is thereason for it?

A. Decreased venous returnB. Increased venous returnC. Heart rate decreaseD. Arterial pressure riseE. -

196. A patient has myocardial infarction.The first several hours of such medicalcondition will be characterized by signifi-cant increase of activity of the followingenzyme in his blood serum:

A. Creatine phosphokinaseB. Lactate dehydrogenase4C. Aspartate aminotransferaseD. Lactate dehydrogenase5E. Alanine-aminotransferase

197. A 54-year-old patient with viral hepati-tis has complication of hepatic coma causedby massive necrosis of liver epithelial cells.What kind of hepatic coma is it characteri-stic of?

A. ParenchymatousB. ShuntC. Mixed typeD. Porto-cavalE. Ketoacidotic

198. A 9-month-old infant is on bottle feedi-ng. Formula used in feeding has insuffici-ent content of vitamin B6. The infant hasseizures possibly caused by disruption inproduction of the following substance inthe body:

A. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)B. SerotoninC. HistamineD. DopamineE. β-alanine

199. Novocaine acts as an anesthetic bymaking nerve fibers unable to conductstimulation. What mechanism of actionregarding membrane’s permeability to ionsdoes this drug have?

A. Sodium ion-selective channels blockadeB. Potassium ion-selective channelsblockadeC. Calcium ion-selective channels blockadeD. Sodium-potassium pump blockadeE. Sodium-proton pump blockade

200. There is a 7-year-old child withcomplains of cough, lacrimation, rhinitis,skin rash, photophobia and three-day-longfever as high as 38oC. Physical examinati-on has revealed the following: conjunctivi-tis; bright red maculopapular rash coveringthe skin of face, neck and torso; hyperemicpharynx; serous purulent secretions fromthe nose; dry rales in the lungs. What is themost probable diagnosis?

A. MeaslesB. Scarlet feverC. RubellaD. Adenovirus infectionE. Chicken pox

INSTRUCTIONAL BOOK

Ministry of public health of Ukraine (MPH of Ukraine)

Department of human recources policy, education and science

Testing Board

TEST ITEMS FOR LICENSING EXAMINATION: KROK 1. STOMATOLOGY.

Kyiv. Testing Board.

(English language).

Approved to print 12.01./№4. Paper size 60х84 1/8

Offset paper. Typeface. Times New Roman Cyr. Offset print.

Conditional print pages 20. Accounting publishing pages 24.

Issue. 315 copies.

List of abbreviations

A/G Albumin/globulin ratio HR Heart rate

A-ANON Alcoholics anonymous IDDM Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

ACT Abdominal computed tomography IFA Immunofluorescence assay

ADP Adenosine diphosphate IHD Ischemic heart disease

ALT Alanin aminotranspherase IU International unit

AMP Adenosine monophosphate LDH Lactate dehydrogenase

AP Action potential MSEC Medical and sanitary expert committee

ARF Acute renal failure NAD Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide

AST Aspartat aminotranspherase NADPH Nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide

phosphate restored

ATP Adenosine triphosphate NIDDM Non-Insulin dependent diabetes

mellitus

BP Blood pressure PAC Polyunsaturated aromatic

carbohydrates

bpm Beats per minute PAS Periodic acid & shiff reaction

C.I. Color Index pCO2 CO2 partial pressure

CBC Complete blood count pO2 CO2 partial pressure

CHF Chronic heart failure pm Per minute

CT Computer tomography Ps Pulse rate

DIC Disseminated intravascular coagualtion r Roentgen

DCC Doctoral controlling committee RBC Red blood count

DM-2 Non-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus RDHA Reverse direct hemagglutination assay

DTP Anti diphtheria-tetanus vaccine Rh Rhesus

ECG Electrocardiogram (R)CFT Reiter's complement fixation test

ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate RIHA Reverse indirect hemagglutination

assay

FC Function class RNA Ribonucleic acid

FAD Flavin adenine dinucleotide RR Respiratory rate

FADH2 Flavin adenine dinucleotide restored S1 Heart sound 1

FEGDS Fibro-esphago-gastro-duodenoscopy S2 Heart sound 2

FMNH2 Flavin mononucleotide restored TU Tuberculin unit

GIT Gastrointestinal tract U Unit

Gy Gray USI Ultrasound investigation

GMP Guanosine monophosphate V/f Vision field

Hb Hemoglobin WBC White blood count

HbA1c Glycosylated hemoglobin X-ray Roentgenogram

Hct Hematocrit

HIV Human immunodeficiency virus

krok 1 stomatology · 2018-06-12 · krok 1 stomatology 2015 3 a. a lot of liquid saliva b. a small...

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